CN102705102B - 活塞环 - Google Patents

活塞环 Download PDF

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CN102705102B
CN102705102B CN201210085186.6A CN201210085186A CN102705102B CN 102705102 B CN102705102 B CN 102705102B CN 201210085186 A CN201210085186 A CN 201210085186A CN 102705102 B CN102705102 B CN 102705102B
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layer
piston ring
coating
hardness
thickness
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CN102705102A (zh
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岩下誉二
佐藤智之
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Teikoku Piston Ring Co Ltd
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02F5/00—Piston rings, e.g. associated with piston crown
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16J—PISTONS; CYLINDERS; SEALINGS
    • F16J9/00—Piston-rings, e.g. non-metallic piston-rings, seats therefor; Ring sealings of similar construction
    • F16J9/26—Piston-rings, e.g. non-metallic piston-rings, seats therefor; Ring sealings of similar construction characterised by the use of particular materials
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
    • C23C14/06—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the coating material
    • C23C14/0605—Carbon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
    • C23C14/06—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the coating material
    • C23C14/14—Metallic material, boron or silicon
    • C23C14/16—Metallic material, boron or silicon on metallic substrates or on substrates of boron or silicon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
    • C23C28/04—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings of inorganic non-metallic material
    • C23C28/044—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings of inorganic non-metallic material coatings specially adapted for cutting tools or wear applications
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
    • C23C28/40—Coatings including alternating layers following a pattern, a periodic or defined repetition
    • C23C28/44—Coatings including alternating layers following a pattern, a periodic or defined repetition characterized by a measurable physical property of the alternating layer or system, e.g. thickness, density, hardness

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Pistons, Piston Rings, And Cylinders (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种活塞环，所述活塞环具有形成在其滑动表面上的碳基涂层，在所述活塞环中，所述碳基涂层是由两种类型的层构成的多层涂层，所述两种类型的层具有不同硬度，并且层叠在至少两层中，所述两种类型的层之间的硬度差是500至1700HV，高硬度层的厚度等于或大于低硬度层的厚度，并且所述碳基涂层的总厚度为5.0μm或更大。所述高硬度层的厚度为5至90nm。所述其上形成有所述碳基涂层的表面的基础材料粗糙度为1.0μmRz或更低。

Description

活塞环
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于内燃机的活塞环。
背景技术
已知碳基涂层作为具有低摩擦系数的涂层，但涂层应力较高并且发生自破碎，因此难以增大厚度。日本专利公开(A)No.2006-008853提出了一种具有低摩擦系数的碳基涂层，其由多层结构构成，最表面的层由软层构成，并且软层与硬层交替层叠，这使得容易得到平滑表面。
相关技术可参见日本专利公开(A)No.2006-008853。
日本专利公开(A)No.2006-008853并没有限定硬层与软层之间的硬度差。然而，在日本专利公开(A)No.2006-008853中，软层用作配合层，而硬层用作耐磨损层，因此，在示例1中，软层硬度为18GPa，硬层硬度为42GPa，在示例2中，软层硬度为20GPa，硬层硬度为41GPa。软层与硬层之间的硬度差较大。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种设有碳基涂层的活塞环，所述碳基涂层具有低摩擦特性和优异的耐磨性。
本发明涉及一种具有碳基涂层的活塞环，所述碳基涂层形成在所述活塞环的滑动表面上，在所述活塞环中，所述涂层是层叠为至少两层的多层涂层，所述多层涂层由两种类型的层构成，所述两种类型的层具有不同的硬度，所述两种类型的层之间的硬度差为500至1700HV，高硬度层的厚度等于或大于低硬度层，并且所述涂层总厚度为5.0μm或更大。
优选地，高硬度层的厚度为5至90nm。
优选地，其上形成有涂层的表面的基础材料粗糙度为1.0μmRz或更低。
优选地，涂层的最表面的层为高硬度层。
优选地，涂层的低硬度层仅含有碳，或者含有碳且含有Cr或Ti。
本发明的有利效果在于，根据本发明的活塞环，通过使碳基涂层形成为硬度差为500至1700HV的两种类型的层的多层涂层，可以增大厚度，并且同时提供了低摩擦特性和优异的耐磨性。如果硬度差小于500HV，则涂层裂纹使得滑动表面变得粗糙，摩擦系数变大，并且对立材料的磨损也变大。如果硬度差变得大于1700HV，则滑动将使得低硬度层磨损，应力集中在高硬度层的表面释放部分处(参见图1B)，涂层碎裂，摩擦系数变大，并且对立材料的磨损也变大。如果涂层的总厚度小于5.0μm，则耐磨性不足。
附图说明
本发明的这些和其它特征将从以下参照附图的说明而变得清楚，其中：
图1A至1C示出本发明的实施例，其中图1A是示出活塞环的一部分的纵向剖视图，图1B是涂层部分的放大剖视图，并且图1C是示出滑动后涂层表面的一部分的视图；以及
图2是往复磨损测试器的示意图。
具体实施方式
以下将参照附图解释本发明的优选实施例。
活塞环1具有形成在其外圆周上的碳基涂层2。碳基涂层2是由层叠为至少两层的多层涂层构成的DLC(类金刚石)涂层，所述多层涂层由两种类型的层A和B构成，所述两种类型的层A和B具有不同硬度。在图1A至1C中，所述两种类型的层A和B分别层叠在六层中。最表面的层是高硬度的层A。所述两种类型的层A和B之间的硬度差是500至1700HV。高硬度的层A(以下称为“高硬度层A”)的厚度为5至90nm，而低硬度的层B(以下称为“低硬度层B”)具有相同或更大的厚度。碳基涂层2的总厚度为5.0μm或更大。所述外圆周的基础材料粗糙度为1.0μmRz或更低。低硬度层B可含有Cr或Ti。如果含有Cr或Ti，则进一步增强与高硬度层A的附着性。
如果高硬度层A的厚度小于5nm，则无法充分地保证在滑动后在外圆周处暴露的低硬度层B和高硬度层A的所需宽度(参见图1C)，油保持性降低，并且低摩擦效果变得不足。如果厚度变得大于90nm，则在滑动后在外圆周处暴露的低硬度层B和高硬度层A的宽度变得太大，发生涂层裂纹，摩擦系数变大，并且对立材料的磨损变大。如果外圆周的基础材料粗糙度大于1.0μmRz，则滑动将引起低硬度层B磨损，应力集中在高硬度层A的表面释放部分处(参见图1B)，涂层碎裂，摩擦系数变大，并且对立材料的磨损也变大。如果最表面的层是高硬度层A，则对立材料的表面会迅速变得平滑。
上述碳基涂层2是使用PVD方法通过交替地进行喷溅(形成低硬度层B)和离子镀(形成高硬度层A)而形成的。层的厚度通过改变形成时间而调节，而硬度是通过改变偏置电压而调节。
以下将解释使用往复磨损测试器测量自磨损量、对立磨损量和摩擦系数的结果。
图2示出用于所述测试的往复磨损测试器的的示意图。通过保持块11保持销状顶部测试件10。液压缸12用于从上方施加向下的载荷，由此挤压底部测试件13。另一方面，平盘形的底部测试件13由可动块14保持，并且通过曲柄机构15而前后移动。附图标记16指示载荷单元。
测试条件如下：
载荷：100N
速度：600cpm/min
润滑油：5W-20
时间：1小时
顶部测试件：用于设有DLC涂层的活塞环的销状测试件
底部测试件：用于气缸套的薄板形石墨铸铁材料
虽然已经参照为了说明目的而选择的特定实施例描述了本发明，但很明显，本领域技术人员可以对本发明做出许多变型，而不脱离本发明的基本概念和范围。

Claims (5)

1.一种活塞环，所述活塞环具有形成在其滑动表面上的类金刚石碳涂层，在所述活塞环中，所述涂层是由两种类型的层构成的类金刚石碳涂层，所述两种类型的层具有不同硬度、并且交替地层叠在超过两层的多层中，所述两种类型的层之间的硬度差是500至1700HV，高硬度层的厚度等于或大于低硬度层的厚度，并且所述涂层的总厚度为5.0μm或更大。
2.根据权利要求1所述的活塞环，其特征在于，所述高硬度层的厚度为5至90nm。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的活塞环，其特征在于，其上形成有所述涂层的表面的基础材料粗糙度为1.0μmRz或更低。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的活塞环，其特征在于，所述涂层的最表面的层是高硬度层。
5.根据权利要求1或2所述的活塞环，其特征在于，所述涂层的低硬度层仅含有碳，或者含有碳且含有Cr或Ti。
CN201210085186.6A 2011-03-28 2012-03-28 活塞环 Active CN102705102B (zh)

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JP2011-069676 2011-03-28
JP2011069676A JP2012202522A (ja) 2011-03-28 2011-03-28 ピストンリング

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CN102705102B true CN102705102B (zh) 2016-03-23

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US (2) US20120248711A1 (zh)
EP (1) EP2505685B1 (zh)
JP (1) JP2012202522A (zh)
KR (1) KR20120110041A (zh)
CN (1) CN102705102B (zh)
BR (1) BR102012006917B1 (zh)
IN (1) IN2012DE00922A (zh)

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