CN102698754B - 一种纳米氧化铁/碳球复合催化剂、制备方法及应用 - Google Patents
一种纳米氧化铁/碳球复合催化剂、制备方法及应用 Download PDFInfo
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- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 86
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 57
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 56
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 56
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 8
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 title abstract description 5
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000004449 solid propellant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe2+ Chemical compound [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910001448 ferrous ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000003891 ferrous sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011790 ferrous sulphate Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L iron(2+) sulfate (anhydrous) Chemical group [Fe+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910000359 iron(II) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000967 suction filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
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- 238000007146 photocatalysis Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001699 photocatalysis Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001132 ultrasonic dispersion Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007084 catalytic combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005120 petroleum cracking Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 229940031182 nanoparticles iron oxide Drugs 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000001782 photodegradation Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- GDDNTTHUKVNJRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-bromo-3,3-difluoroprop-1-ene Chemical compound FC(F)(Br)C=C GDDNTTHUKVNJRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000013538 functional additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- NDLPOXTZKUMGOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoferriooxy)iron hydrate Chemical compound O.O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O NDLPOXTZKUMGOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- RBTBFTRPCNLSDE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,7-bis(dimethylamino)phenothiazin-5-ium Chemical compound C1=CC(N(C)C)=CC2=[S+]C3=CC(N(C)C)=CC=C3N=C21 RBTBFTRPCNLSDE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
一种纳米氧化铁/碳球复合催化剂、制备方法及应用,属于催化剂技术领域,氧化铁纳米颗粒均匀地负载在碳球表面。制备方法是利用Fenton反应,即利用双氧水与亚铁离子共存时的强氧化性对碳球表面进行修饰,同时使氧化铁均匀地负载在碳球的表面而获得纳米氧化铁/碳球复合催化剂;本发明解决了纳米氧化铁催化剂严重团聚等问题,所得纳米氧化铁/碳球复合催化剂作为固体推进剂的高效燃烧催化剂、光降解有机物的催化剂、石油裂解的催化剂。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及的是一种纳米氧化铁/碳球复合催化剂及其制备方法,纳米氧化铁/碳球复合催化剂可作为固体推进剂的高效燃烧催化剂,也可作为光催化降解有机物的催化剂、石油裂解催化剂,属于催化剂技术领域。
技术背景
碳球作为一种新型碳材料,特殊的球型结构和良好的表面可修饰性,使其具有独特的催化性能和作为催化剂载体的良好条件。碳球既可以用作催化剂也可作为催化剂载体,而且可以作为功能添加剂。碳球与金属氧化物复合制备成新型复合催化剂。碳球可以起到催化剂、载体和功能添加剂的多重作用。金属氧化物是一类非常重要的催化剂。其中,氧化铁在许多领域得到了应用,具有良好的催化效果,例如固体推进剂的燃烧催化剂、光降解有机物的催化剂、石油裂解的催化剂等。纳米氧化铁很大的比表面积和高的化学活性,使其具有更高的催化性能。但是,纳米氧化铁极易团聚,因而降低了催化剂的催化效率。
金属氧化物以纳米颗粒状态负载在碳球表面。同时,两种催化剂可以起到协同催化效应,其催化效果要优于单独一种催化剂。
发明内容
本发明的目的是针对上述问题,提供一种纳米氧化铁/碳球复合催化剂及其制备方法,此催化剂由于兼有纳米氧化铁和碳球的作用,因此可用作固体推进剂的高效燃烧催化剂、光降解有机物的催化剂、石油裂解的催化剂。
本发明的一种纳米氧化铁/碳球复合催化剂,其特征在于,氧化铁纳米颗粒均匀地负载在碳球表面。
本发明的一种纳米氧化铁/碳球复合催化剂的制备方法,是采用利用Fenton反应,即利用双氧水与亚铁离子共存时的强氧化性对碳球表面进行修饰,同时使氧化铁均匀地负载在碳球的表面,再通过清洗、干燥而获得纳米氧化铁/碳球复合催化剂。具体技术方案如下:
a、将可溶性亚铁盐溶于水中配置成溶液;
b、将碳球加入亚铁离子的水溶液中,超声分散处理0.5~2小时;
c、在一定温度20~40℃下,搅拌条件下滴加双氧水,滴加完毕后继续搅拌0.5~5小时,然后静置0.5~10小时;
d、抽滤、蒸馏水和乙醇洗涤、干燥,从而获得纳米氧化铁/碳球复合催化剂材料;
在所述的制备纳米氧化铁/碳球复合催化剂的方法中,采用的双氧水为常规所用的双氧水,可溶性亚铁盐为分析纯的硫酸亚铁或氯化亚铁。方法中,优选可溶性亚铁盐和双氧水摩尔比为1∶(20~60),碳球的质量和可溶性亚铁盐的量比为1g∶(0.001~1.000)mol。
本发明充分利用碳球的优异性能,并解决纳米氧化铁催化剂严重团聚等问题,本发明采用Fenton反应制备出纳米氧化铁/碳球复合催化剂,纳米氧化铁/碳球复合催化剂作为固体推进剂的高效燃烧催化剂、光降解有机物的催化剂、石油裂解的催化剂,具有优良的催化效果。
附图说明
图1为实施例1的纳米氧化铁/碳球复合催化剂的透射电镜照片;
图2为实施例1的纳米氧化铁/碳球复合催化剂的X射线衍射图。
具体实施方式
实施例1
(1)称取1.6220g的硫酸亚铁置于烧杯中,量取49mL蒸馏水置于烧杯中配成溶液。
(2)称取3.5g的碳球加入经过步骤(1)配置的硫酸亚铁水溶液中,超声30分钟,在25℃下搅拌30分钟。
(3)在25℃下搅拌条件下,量取200mL的双氧水滴加到经过步骤(2)配置的碳球和硫酸亚铁水溶液的混合物中,完毕后继续搅拌反应30分钟;然后,抽滤,依次用蒸馏水、乙醇对产物洗涤各三次,干燥,即可制得纳米氧化铁/碳球复合催化剂。所得纳米氧化铁/碳球复合催化剂的透射电镜照片见图1,从透射电镜照片中可以看到,负载在碳球表面的氧化铁纳米颗粒的直径小于10nm;所得纳米氧化铁/碳球复合催化剂的X射线衍射图见图2,与PDF卡片对照:产物为碳球和氧化铁。
实施例2
(1)称取1.6220g的硫酸亚铁置于烧杯中,量取49mL蒸馏水置于烧杯中配成溶液。
(2)称取0.5g的碳球加入经过步骤(1)配置的硫酸亚铁水溶液中,超声30分钟,在25℃下搅拌30分钟。
(3)在25℃下搅拌条件下,量取200mL的双氧水滴加到经过步骤(2)配置的碳球和硫酸亚铁水溶液的混合物中,完毕后继续搅拌反应30分钟;然后,抽滤,依次用蒸馏水、乙醇对产物洗涤各三次,干燥,即可制得纳米氧化铁/碳球复合催化剂。
实施例3
(1)配置250mL浓度为20mg/L的活性艳蓝K-NR水溶液置于光反应器中。
(2)称取100mg的实施例2所制备的纳米氧化铁/碳球复合催化剂加入经过步骤(1)配置的亚甲基蓝水溶液中,在暗室中振荡、搅拌过夜。
(3)在磁力搅拌下进行紫外光(主波长为365nm,功率300w)催化降解,光照60min后,纳米氧化铁/碳球复合催化剂对活性艳蓝K-NR的降解率比纯氧化铁对活性艳蓝K-NR的降解率高15.8%以上。
实施例4
将1g高氯酸铵与20mg实施例2所制备的纳米氧化铁/碳球复合催化剂样品在一定量的乙醇溶液中混合,待乙醇溶剂挥发后,真空干燥。采用差热分析仪进行催化活性评价,测试条件为氮气流量20mL/min、升温速率20℃/min。对于高氯酸铵的低温分解峰的温峰,采用纳米氧化铁/碳球复合催化剂比采用纯氧化铁和纯碳球的分别低5.3℃和11.5℃;对于高氯酸铵的高温分解峰的温峰,采用纳米氧化铁/碳球复合催化剂比采用纯氧化铁和纯碳球的分别低20.6℃和37.9℃。
Claims (1)
1.一种纳米氧化铁/碳球复合催化剂在固体推进剂的催化燃烧或光催化降解有机物中的应用,其特征在于,纳米氧化铁/碳球复合催化剂的制备方法,是利用芬顿反应,即利用双氧水与亚铁离子共存时的强氧化性对碳球表面进行修饰,同时使氧化铁均匀地负载在碳球的表面,具体包括以下步骤:
a)将可溶性亚铁盐溶于水中配置成溶液;
b)将碳球加入亚铁离子的水溶液中,超声分散处理0.5~2小时;
c)在温度20~40℃下,搅拌条件下滴加双氧水,滴加完毕后继续搅拌0.5~5小时,然后静置0.5~10小时;
d)抽滤、蒸馏水和乙醇洗涤、干燥,从而获得纳米氧化铁/碳球复合催化剂材料;
其中可溶性亚铁盐和双氧水的摩尔比为1:(20~60);碳球的质量和可溶性亚铁盐的量比为1g:(0.001~1.000)mol;可溶性亚铁盐为硫酸亚铁或氯化亚铁。
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