CN102692149B - 储热和释热设备的容器、储热和释热组件和能量生产装置 - Google Patents

储热和释热设备的容器、储热和释热组件和能量生产装置 Download PDF

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CN102692149B
CN102692149B CN201210089760.5A CN201210089760A CN102692149B CN 102692149 B CN102692149 B CN 102692149B CN 201210089760 A CN201210089760 A CN 201210089760A CN 102692149 B CN102692149 B CN 102692149B
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housing
heat
end region
heat accumulation
opening
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CN102692149A (zh
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A·隆基里
A·索伦伊
M·德埃尔科尔
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Nuovo Pignone Technologie SRL
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Nuovo Pignone SpA
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C5/00Methods or apparatus for filling containers with liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases under pressures
    • F17C5/06Methods or apparatus for filling containers with liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases under pressures for filling with compressed gases
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C1/00Pressure vessels, e.g. gas cylinder, gas tank, replaceable cartridge
    • F17C1/14Pressure vessels, e.g. gas cylinder, gas tank, replaceable cartridge constructed of aluminium; constructed of non-magnetic steel
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C7/00Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases from pressure vessels, not covered by another subclass
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28DHEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D20/00Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00
    • F28D20/0056Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00 using solid heat storage material
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02GHOT GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINE PLANTS; USE OF WASTE HEAT OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02G2250/00Special cycles or special engines
    • F02G2250/03Brayton cycles
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/01Shape
    • F17C2201/0104Shape cylindrical
    • F17C2201/0109Shape cylindrical with exteriorly curved end-piece
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/01Shape
    • F17C2201/0104Shape cylindrical
    • F17C2201/0123Shape cylindrical with variable thickness or diameter
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/01Shape
    • F17C2201/0142Shape conical
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/03Orientation
    • F17C2201/035Orientation with substantially horizontal main axis
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/05Size
    • F17C2201/054Size medium (>1 m3)
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/06Vessel construction using filling material in contact with the handled fluid
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/03Thermal insulations
    • F17C2203/0304Thermal insulations by solid means
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0602Wall structures; Special features thereof
    • F17C2203/0604Liners
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0602Wall structures; Special features thereof
    • F17C2203/0607Coatings
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0602Wall structures; Special features thereof
    • F17C2203/0609Straps, bands or ribbons
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0602Wall structures; Special features thereof
    • F17C2203/0612Wall structures
    • F17C2203/0614Single wall
    • F17C2203/0619Single wall with two layers
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0602Wall structures; Special features thereof
    • F17C2203/0612Wall structures
    • F17C2203/0614Single wall
    • F17C2203/0621Single wall with three layers
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0602Wall structures; Special features thereof
    • F17C2203/0612Wall structures
    • F17C2203/0614Single wall
    • F17C2203/0624Single wall with four or more layers
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0634Materials for walls or layers thereof
    • F17C2203/0636Metals
    • F17C2203/0639Steels
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0634Materials for walls or layers thereof
    • F17C2203/0636Metals
    • F17C2203/0639Steels
    • F17C2203/0643Stainless steels
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/01Mounting arrangements
    • F17C2205/0123Mounting arrangements characterised by number of vessels
    • F17C2205/013Two or more vessels
    • F17C2205/0134Two or more vessels characterised by the presence of fluid connection between vessels
    • F17C2205/0142Two or more vessels characterised by the presence of fluid connection between vessels bundled in parallel
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/01Mounting arrangements
    • F17C2205/0123Mounting arrangements characterised by number of vessels
    • F17C2205/013Two or more vessels
    • F17C2205/0134Two or more vessels characterised by the presence of fluid connection between vessels
    • F17C2205/0146Two or more vessels characterised by the presence of fluid connection between vessels with details of the manifold
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/01Mounting arrangements
    • F17C2205/0153Details of mounting arrangements
    • F17C2205/018Supporting feet
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/03Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
    • F17C2205/0302Fittings, valves, filters, or components in connection with the gas storage device
    • F17C2205/0341Filters
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/03Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
    • F17C2205/0388Arrangement of valves, regulators, filters
    • F17C2205/0394Arrangement of valves, regulators, filters in direct contact with the pressure vessel
    • F17C2205/0397Arrangement of valves, regulators, filters in direct contact with the pressure vessel on both sides of the pressure vessel
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2209/00Vessel construction, in particular methods of manufacturing
    • F17C2209/21Shaping processes
    • F17C2209/2109Moulding
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2209/00Vessel construction, in particular methods of manufacturing
    • F17C2209/22Assembling processes
    • F17C2209/221Welding
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2209/00Vessel construction, in particular methods of manufacturing
    • F17C2209/23Manufacturing of particular parts or at special locations
    • F17C2209/232Manufacturing of particular parts or at special locations of walls
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/03Mixtures
    • F17C2221/031Air
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/01Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2223/0107Single phase
    • F17C2223/0123Single phase gaseous, e.g. CNG, GNC
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/03Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2223/035High pressure (>10 bar)
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2225/00Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2225/01Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2225/0107Single phase
    • F17C2225/0123Single phase gaseous, e.g. CNG, GNC
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2225/00Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2225/03Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2225/035High pressure, i.e. between 10 and 80 bars
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/01Propulsion of the fluid
    • F17C2227/0128Propulsion of the fluid with pumps or compressors
    • F17C2227/0157Compressors
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/01Propulsion of the fluid
    • F17C2227/0128Propulsion of the fluid with pumps or compressors
    • F17C2227/0171Arrangement
    • F17C2227/0185Arrangement comprising several pumps or compressors
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/03Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/0337Heat exchange with the fluid by cooling
    • F17C2227/0358Heat exchange with the fluid by cooling by expansion
    • F17C2227/0362Heat exchange with the fluid by cooling by expansion in a turbine
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
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Abstract

本发明涉及储热和释热设备的容器、储热和释热组件和能量生产装置。一种储热和释热设备的容器设有:由金属材料制成的壳体,该壳体具有用于容纳储热和释热装置以及导引气体流的内部腔体:通过壳体的用于处于高温和高压的气体流入和流出腔体的第一开口;通过壳体的用于处于低温和高压的气体流入和流出腔体的第二开口;以及由绝热材料制成的、仅部分地覆盖腔体的内表面的衬套;衬套至少位于第一开口所处(即温度较高)的区域中;照这样,可控制壳体的温度。可在能量生产装置中提供这种储热和释热设备,作为待用于补偿产生的能量和需要的能量之间的差异的储能和释能系统的构件。

Description

储热和释热设备的容器、储热和释热组件和能量生产装置
技术领域
本文公开的主题的实施例大体涉及存储热和释放预先存储的热,并且更具体而言,涉及储热和释热设备的容器,并且特别应用于能量生产的领域。
背景技术
在一天、一周、一月或一年的期间,对能量——具体而言电能——的需求时常有相当大的改变,而能量生产装置通常较恒定地或者无论如何与需求不同地产生能量,具体而言电能;其生产可能不容易适应需求的能量生产装置的实例为风能装置和太阳能装置。
因此,存在在低需求的时期期间存储能量以及在高需求的时期期间释放能量的已知手段。
用于这个目的的技术以压缩空气为基础,并且包括将压缩空气存储在挖掘的或天然的洞穴中;过剩的能量被用来运行压缩机,压缩机压缩空气,并且在低需求的时期期间将压缩空气发送到洞穴;在高需求的时期期间,洞穴中的压缩空气被用来驱动膨胀器来运行,例如发电装备。
在压缩期间,空气显著地变热(它可达到数百摄氏度);因此,在过去,已经设想,根据改进的技术,在低温下将压缩空气存储在洞穴中之前,存储压缩空气的热;当需要用洞穴中的压缩空气来产生能量时,在把压缩空气提供给膨胀器之前,使用存储的热加热来自洞穴的压缩空气;为此,已经设计和使用了储热和释热设备。照这样,提高了存储和释放过程的总效率。
已知的储热和释热设备采取由钢筋混凝土制成的空心塔的形式;它们具有若干米(例如50m)的高度,若干米(例如20m)的直径和几米(例如3m)的壁厚度。
天然洞穴、挖掘的洞穴和这样的已知的储热和释热设备会遭受紧密性的问题。另外,它们的壁会经历由于注入的空气的高压(例如50巴)和/或高温(例如500℃)而引起的脆化,通常存在的潮湿状况会使情形更糟糕。最后,混凝土壁是笨重的,而且在高温空气被注入到设备中时需要通过例如在壁的附近或内部的强制水循环来冷却混凝土壁。
因此,设计和提供一种克服现有技术的前述缺点的储能和释能技术将是合乎需要的。
发明内容
本文公开的主题的实施例提供了一种储热和释热设备的、具有由制成金属材料的壳体的容器。该设备可流体地联接到用于存储和释放高压气体的室上。壳体构造成在内部容纳储热和释热装置,并且导引高压气体流通过这个装置。因此,相对于现有技术,该构造有了很大的改进,同时紧密性和抵抗力高。
通过至少在热气流动处为壳体提供由绝热材料制成的内部衬套,在较高的温度下安全地运行是可行的;另外,如果需要,对金属壳体的壁选择较小的厚度是可行的。
根据一个示例性实施例,一种储热和释热设备的容器设有:由金属材料制成的壳体,其具有带有第一端部区域和在第一端部区域的远处的第二端部区域的伸长形状,以及限定用于容纳储热和释热装置以及导引气体流的腔体的内表面;通过壳体的用于处于高温和高压的气体流的第一开口,其位于第一端部区域中;通过壳体的用于处于低温和高压的气体流的第二开口,其位于第二端部区域中;以及在内表面附近且仅部分地覆盖内表面的、由绝热材料制成的衬套,衬套至少位于第一端部区域中。
根据另一个示例性实施例,在一种储热和释热组件中,存在至少第一储热和释热设备。该第一储热和释热设备包括具有腔体的容器和位于该腔体的内部的储热和释热装置。该容器设有:由金属材料制成的壳体,其具有带有第一端部区域和在第一端部区域的远处的第二端部区域的伸长形状,以及限定用于容纳储热和释热装置以及导引气体流的腔体的内表面;通过壳体的用于处于高温和高压的气体流的第一开口,其位于第一端部区域中;通过壳体的用于处于低温和高压的气体流的第二开口,其位于第二端部区域中;以及在内表面附近且仅部分地覆盖内表面的、由绝热材料制成的衬套,衬套至少位于第一端部区域中。
根据又一个示例性实施例,一种能量生产装置包含:联接到发动机上的压缩机,其具有用于低压低温气体流的入口和用于高压高温气体流的出口;联接到能量发生器上的膨胀器,其具有用于高压高温气体流的入口和用于低压低温气体流的出口;用于存储处于高压的气体的储气室,其具有开口;以及至少一个储热和释热设备。该储热和释热设备包括具有腔体的容器和位于该腔体的内部的储热和释热装置。该容器设有:由金属材料制成的壳体,其具有带有第一端部区域和在第一端部区域的远处的第二端部区域的伸长形状,以及限定用于容纳储热和释热装置以及导引气体流的腔体的内表面;通过壳体的用于处于高温和高压的气体流的第一开口,其位于第一端部区域中;通过壳体的用于处于低温和高压的气体流的第二开口,其位于第二端部区域中;以及在内表面附近且仅部分地覆盖内表面的、由绝热材料制成的衬套,衬套至少位于第一端部区域中。第一开口选择性地流体地连接到压缩机的出口和膨胀器的入口上,而第二开口以可控的方式流体地连接到储气室的开口上。
附图说明
附图示出了示例性实施例,其中:
图1显示了根据一个示例性实施例的储热和释热设备的容器;
图2显示了图1的容器的壳体;
图3显示了根据一个示例性实施例的储热和释热组件;以及
图4显示了根据一个示例性实施例的能量生产装置的储能和释能系统。
具体实施方式
示例性实施例的以下详细描述参照了附图。不同的图中的相同参考标号标识相同或相似的元件。另外,附图未必是按比例是绘制的。而且,以下详细描述不限制本发明。相反,本发明的范围由所附权利要求限定。
贯穿说明书,对“一个实施例”或“实施例”的参照指的是,关于实施例而描述的特定的特征、结构或特性包括在本文公开的主题的至少一个实施例中。因而,贯穿说明书,在各处出现的短语“在一个实施例”或“在实施例中”未必是指同一实施例。另外,特定的特征、结构或特性可按任何适当的方式组合在一个或多个实施例中。
图1的实施例是储热和释热设备的容器1。要注意,图1显示了(示意性横截面图)具有其所有构件的容器,而图2则仅显示了(示意性横截面图)图1的容器的壳体。
容器1包括由金属材料制成的、具有限定腔体20的内表面的壳体2,以及通过壳体2的第一开口3和通过壳体2的第二开口4,使得腔体20可被布置成与其它装置流体连通。壳体2具有带有第一端部区域23和在第一端部区域23的远处的第二端部区域24的伸长形状;第一开口3位于第一端部区域23上,而第二开口4位于第二端部区域24中。壳体2构造成容纳储热和释热装置7,以及导引气体流;气体可流自第一开口3,在腔体20的内部通过储热和释热装置7,到达第二开口4——在这种情况下,开口3充当入口,而开口4则充当出口;备选地,气体可流自第二开口4,在腔体20的内部通过储热和释热装置7,到达第一开口3——在这种情况下,开口3充当出口,而开口4则充当入口。开口3适合用于处于高温(例如几百摄氏度)和处于高压(例如几十巴)的气体,而开口4则适合用于处于低温(例如几十摄氏度)和处于高压(例如几十巴)的气体;跨过容器(以及通过储热和释热装置)的流会导致有例如几巴的压降。
虽然原则上任何气体可在容器的内部流动,但是,期望的是,容器将用于容易获得(因此廉价)且安全的标准空气。
有利地,储热和释热装置7可采取由具有高的比热容量的材料制成的且被置于彼此上的多个砖块的形式;在这种情况下,为了允许气体流过装置,砖块可具有通孔,以及/或者可彼此之间间隔开。
储热和释热装置的目的在于在其接触热的气体流时存储热,以及在其接触冷的气体流时释热;另外,装置(以及它的砖块,如果提供了的话)还趋向于保持其温度及其热,因为容器的材料和容器中的材料的导热性低(参见例如元件6和9)。
图1的实施例的容器1的壳体2(也参见图2)具有基本圆柱形的形状;它的长度可为几十米(例如30m-90m);它的直径可为若干米(例如5m-10m)。壳体2布置在水平位置上,使其可较容易地安装,而不会有任何热力学或流体力学缺点;由于其水平位置,壳体可较好地经受住强风和地震;壳体2由特别是U形的支承元件5支承,尤其是四个支承元件5A、5B、5C、5D。
根据图1的实施例(也参见图2),例如借助于焊接,壳体2由一系列连结在一起的部件制成;壳体2设有:两个端部区段加上许多圆柱形区段和按顺序布置的过渡区段;更具体而言,存在第一端部区段25、第一圆柱形区段26A、第一过渡区段27A、第二圆柱形区段26B、第二过渡区段27B、第三圆柱形区段26C和第二端部区段28;端部区段25和28是穹顶形状;过渡区段27A和27B具有截顶锥的形状;这些区段中的各个可由连结在一起的一个或多个部件产生。壳体2的厚度是基本恒定的(在这个具体实施例中,存在大约10%的厚度差异),并且可为几厘米,例如7cm-15cm。简单构造区段的这种模块化结构使壳体易于制造和构造。如从图中看出的那样,壳体的纵向横截面是阶梯状的(确切地说,立管是倾斜的,而非竖直的),这主要是由于制造和构造的原因。备选地,即使较复杂和昂贵,具有渐变的形状(例如圆锥形)也是可行的。
只是为了完整的原因,提供了在一个实施例中使用的壳体的一组实际大小:区段25具有大约7.4m的内径,区段26A具有大约6.0m的长度,区段27A具有大约1.5m的长度和大约7.4m的初始内径以及大约7.2m的最终内径,区段26B具有大约9.0m的长度,区段27B具有大约1.5m的长度和大约7.2m的初始内径以及大约7.0m的最终内径,区段26C具有大约32.0m的长度,区段28具有大约7.0m的内径;区段25的厚度为大约5.5cm,区段26A的厚度为大约10cm,区段27A的厚度为大约10cm,区段26B的厚度为大约9.8cm,区段27B的厚度为大约9.8cm,区段26C的厚度在开始时为大约9.4cm,而在最后为大约9.1cm,区段28的厚度为大约5.0cm;因此,端部区段的厚度是基本相等的,而且由于它们的大致球形的形状的原因,端部区段的厚度显著地小于(大约50%)其它区段的厚度。
除了壳体2,容器1还包括由绝热材料制成的衬套6。如可在图1中清楚地看到的那样,这个实施例的衬套在壳体2的内表面附近,并且仅部分地覆盖该内表面。因为衬套的目的是使壳体与热的气体绝热开,或者换句话说,降低壳体所暴露的温度,所以衬套至少位于第一端部区域23中,即在第一开口3所处的地方。在图1的具体实施例中,衬套位于第一端部区段25、第一圆柱形区段26A、第一过渡区段27A、第二圆柱形区段26B、第二过渡区段27B的内部。衬套6的绝热材料是能够良好地经受住气体的高温的耐火材料,例如包含铝硅酸盐的浆料。
在正常运行期间,在腔体20的内部的气体的温度会从第一端部区域23中的高温(例如500℃-700℃)变成第二端部区域中的低温(例如50℃-80℃)。由于衬套6的原因,金属壳体2的温度可限制于所述高温之下(限制于例如300℃-450℃)。因此,壳体的大小和材料的设计变得不那么困难;例如,可使用简单的碳钢,而非昂贵的合金;另外,可避免通过强制水循环来冷却容器,而且还可避免潮湿状况以及对应的腐蚀风险。
衬套可具有非恒定的厚度,在图1的实施例中就是这样。具体而言,衬套6的厚度会沿着壳体2从第一开口3开始向前(即朝第二开口4)减小;它在距第一开口3的一定距离处停止,尤其是在区段27B的端部处。在图1的实施例中,厚度会逐步改变,这主要是由于制造和构造的原因。备选地,即使较复杂和昂贵,具有渐进的变化也是可行的;要考虑到衬套的厚度可取决于壳体的形状。
衬套的厚度可经选择,以便使壳体在运行期间保持基本均匀的温度。壳体的温度可有利地设定成相当高(例如400℃-500℃)。关于壳体2的、衬套6所处的那部分,即区段25、26A、27A、26B、27B,图1的实施例就是这样;然后,壳体2的温度类似于气体的温度那样减小;衬套的局部厚度与气体的局部温度有关。
在图1的实施例中,衬套大小设置成和在壳体上布置成限定空间21,空间21的横向横截面是基本恒定的(具体而言是圆形的);根据上面提到的实施例,空间21具有大约7m的恒定的直径;照这样,气体流是规则和均匀的;根据上面提到的实施例,在区段25和26A上的衬套6的厚度为大约25cm,而在区段26B上的衬套6的厚度为大约17cm。
衬套会经受高压和高温气体流的作用;为了保护衬套,尤其是在衬套由易碎材料制成的时候,用薄的(例如4mm-6mm)保护材料层覆盖衬套是有利的;这个层在图1中标示为8;有利地,保护材料是不锈钢。
可借助于在衬套6上铺开和敷设的金属带(例如4mm-6mm厚和10cm-20cm宽)来实现层8;然后,将铺开的带固定到壳体2上,例如,通过将带焊接到从壳体的内表面延伸的元件(未显示)上。
存在许多将绝热材料施用到壳体的内表面上的方式;总之,最有效的方式是对其进行铸造。为了获得稳固地锚定到壳体上的衬套,有利的是对壳体(图1和图2中的2)提供从内表面延伸向腔体的凸出部(图1和图2中的22);这些凸出部可采取焊接到壳体的内表面上的销子或夹子的形式。
如已经说过的那样,容器的壳体的运行温度相当高(例如400℃-500℃)是有利的;因此,壳体应当在外部被绝热材料层(图1中的9)包围,以至少在没有气体流过壳体时,减小(理想地避免)壳体的热损失,并且因此减小壳体的内部的储热和释热装置的热损失;也可提供这个层作为例如维护人员的安全措施。当壳体设有外部绝热材料层时,容器可认为是“隔热”的;这是优选情形。
本文限定的且被显示为图1中的可行实施例的容器(图1中的2)和位于容器的腔体的内部的储热和释热装置(图1中的7)的组合提供了储热和释热设备。
储热和释热装置的目的在于在其接触热的气体流时存储热以及在其接触冷的气体流时释放热;另外,装置还趋向于保持其温度及其热,因为容器的材料和容器中的材料的导热性低。
要注意,取决于具体应用,容器的各部分可在例如尺寸、材料、布置方面改变,而且容器的运行参数(例如温度和压力)也可改变。
图3显示了(示意性俯视图)储热和释热组件200的一个实施例;这个实施例包括三个储热和释热设备210、220、230;总之,备选地,可提供不同的数量,最少一个。在这个具体且有利的实施例中,设备全部与图1的设备的相同;总之,备选地,可组合不同的设备。设备210、220、230中的各个均具有第一开口211、221、231(对应于容器的相应的第一开口)和第二开口212、222、232(对应于容器的相应的第二开口);第一开口211、221、231连接到管道240上;第二开口212、222、232连接到管道250上;管道240、管道250和可能的其它管道组成组件的管道系统。在开口和管道之间,有利地提供波纹管装置,以补偿由于非常热的气体流而引起的设备中的长的金属壳体的膨胀/收缩;在图3的实施例中,提供六个波纹管装置213、214、223、224、233、234。管道240构造成用于处于高压和高温的双向气体流,而管道250则构造成用于处于高压和低温的双向气体流。虽然在图中未显示,但是管道240具有内部绝热衬套,并且可能被绝热材料层包围;由于衬套的原因,管道可在期望温度下运行;可提供该层作为维护人员的安全措施,以及/或者作为减少热损失的方式;可用与壳体2的绝热衬套和绝热层相同的方式和/或相同的材料来制造管道240的绝热衬套和绝热层。设备210、220、230布置成彼此相隔某个距离;优选地,选择这种距离,以允许容易地安装和/或维护组件;该距离可为例如几米(例如2m-3m);期望的是,典型地,图3的各个设备将实现成具有数十米(例如30m-90m)的长度和数米(例如5m-10m)的直径。
除了别的以外,组件及其设备的良好运行取决于管道系统的设计。根据图3的实施例,管道系统(240+250)并行地流体地连接储热和释热设备210、220、230(它们是相同的),而且管道系统的横截面达到在管道系统中保持基本均匀的流速的程度;照这样,跨过设备会产生例如400℃-700℃的相同的温降。在图3的实施例中,管道240和250是相似的,即包括第一笔直管道区段、使管道系统的横截面减小33%的第一过渡区段、第二笔直管道区段、使管道系统的横截面再减小33%的第一过渡区段、在端部处具有90℃的弯曲部的第三笔直管道区段;在第一笔直管道区段的端部处提供了开口,以能够通过波纹管装置而流体地连接第一设备;在第二笔直管道区段的端部处提供了开口,以能够通过波纹管装置而流体地连接第二设备;在第三管道区段的端部处提供了开口,以能够通过波纹管装置而流体地连接第三设备。
储热和释热组件基本具有三个运行阶段:储热运行阶段、释热运行阶段、热保持运行阶段。参照图3的实施例,在储热运行阶段期间,处于高压和高温的气体流到管道240中,通过设备的第一开口211、221、231而进入三个设备210、220、230的腔体,流过腔体中的储热和释热装置而对它们提供热(装置会升高它们的温度,而气体则会降低其温度),通过设备的第二开口212、222、232离开腔体,以及在高压下但在低温下流出管道250;在释热运行阶段期间,处于高压和低温的气体流到管道250中,通过设备的第二开口212、222、232而进入三个设备210、220、230的腔体,流过腔体中的储热和释热装置而从它们中接收热(装置会降低它们的温度,而气体则会升高其温度),通过设备的第一开口211、221、231离开腔体,以及在高压下且在高温下流出管道240;在热保持运行阶段期间,没有气体在组件中流动,而且储热和释热装置基本保持它们的热和它们的温度(即使在壳体的周围提供了绝热材料层,也不可避免有一些热损失)。
为了实现非常高的效率,至少设备210、220、230的壳体以及优选还有管道240应当在外部完全被绝热材料层包围。
图4仅显示了(较简明的示意图)能量生产装置的一个实施例的储能和释能系统300。
系统300包括:
-压缩机301,其联接到发动机302(即驱动机器)上,并且具有用于低压低温气体流的入口和用于高压高温气体流的出口;
-膨胀器303,其联接到能量发生器304(即从动机器)上,并且具有用于高压高温气体流的入口和用于低压低温气体流的出口;
-储气室306,其通常称为“洞穴”,其用于存储处于高压的气体,储气室306具有开口;以及
-至少一个储热和释热设备。
在低需求的时期期间,发动机302接收来自装置(在图4中未显示)的主要的能量发生系统的能量,例如过剩的能量。
图4中的元件305实际上是储热和释热组件(例如图3中显示的一个),储热和释热组件又包括如本文限定的一个或多个储热和释热设备;组件305设有连接到容器的设备的第一开口上的第一管道3053,以及连接到容器的设备的第二开口上的第二管道3054。假设元件305对应于图3的组件,则图4中的管道3053对应于图3中的管道240,而图4中的管道3054对应于图3中的管道250。
在图4中,还显示了一些在系统内进行受控的流体连接的阀;具体而言,阀308是连接到压缩机301、膨胀器303和组件305上的三端口阀,而阀309是连接到组件305和室306上的两端口阀。
要注意,这种系统的一个实施例将很可能包含其它构件,例如齿轮、过滤器、冷却器、加热器、阀;另外,压缩机和膨胀器的结构可为较复杂或较不复杂(例如单级或多级)。
在低能量需求的时期期间,管道3053(即设备的第一开口)通过阀308流体地连接到压缩机301的出口上,而管道3054(即设备的第二开口)通过阀309流体地连接到储气室306的开口上,使得在热被组件305移除之后,被压缩机301压缩的气体存储在室306中。
在高能量需求的时期期间,管道3053(即设备的第一开口)通过阀308流体地连接到膨胀器303的入口上,而管道3054(即设备的第二开口)通过阀309流体地连接到储气室306的开口上,使得存储在室306中的气体在被输送到膨胀器303之前,被组件305加热。
在正常能量需求的时期期间,管道3053和3054(即设备的第一开口和第二开口)借助于阀308和309而在流体方面断开。
为了实现非常高的效率,至少储热和释热组件305的壳体或多个壳体以及优选地还有它的管道或多个管道应当在外部完全被绝热材料层包围。
上面描述的示例性实施例在各方面都意图为说明本发明,而非限制本发明。因而,本发明能够在详细实施方面有许多变型,本领域技术人员可从包含在本文中的描述中得出这些变型。所有这样的变型和改良均认为是在所附权利要求所限定的本发明的范围和精神内。
本书面描述使用实例来公开本发明,包括最佳模式,并且还使本领域任何技术人员能够实践本发明,包括制造和使用任何装置或系统,以及执行任何结合的方法。
本发明的可授予专利的范围由所附权利要求限定,并且可包括本领域技术人员想到的其它实例。如果这样的其它实例具有不异于权利要求的字面语言的结构元素,或者如果这样的其它实例包括与权利要求的字面语言无实质性差异的等效结构元素,则它们意图处于权利要求的范围之内。

Claims (11)

1.一种储热和释热设备的容器,所述容器包括:
由金属材料制成的壳体,所述壳体具有带有第一端部区域和在所述第一端部区域的远处的第二端部区域的伸长形状,以及限定构造成容纳储热和释热装置以及导引气体流的腔体的内表面;
通过所述壳体的用于处于高温和高压的气体流的第一开口,其位于所述第一端部区域中;
通过所述壳体的用于处于低温和高压的气体流的第二开口,其位于所述第二端部区域中;以及
在所述内表面附近且仅部分地覆盖所述内表面的、由绝热材料制成的衬套,所述衬套至少位于所述第一端部区域中。
2.根据权利要求1所述的容器,其特征在于,所述壳体设有从所述内表面延伸向所述腔体的凸出部,使得所述绝热材料稳固地锚定到所述壳体上。
3.根据权利要求1所述的容器,其特征在于,所述衬套具有不恒定的厚度。
4.根据权利要求3所述的容器,其特征在于,所述厚度沿着所述壳体从所述第一开口开始减小。
5.根据权利要求1所述的容器,其特征在于,所述衬套的厚度达到使所述壳体在所述容器的运行期间在所述衬套所处的位置处保持在基本均匀的温度下的程度。
6.根据权利要求1所述的容器,其特征在于,所述壳体在外部被绝热材料层包围。
7.根据权利要求1所述的容器,其特征在于,所述衬套由薄的保护材料层覆盖。
8.根据权利要求1所述的容器,其特征在于,所述壳体沿纵向延伸,而且其纵向横截面是阶梯状的。
9.根据权利要求1所述的容器,其特征在于,所述壳体布置在基本水平的位置上。
10.一种至少包括第一储热和释热设备的储热和释热组件,其中,所述第一储热和释热设备包括:
容器,其包括:
由金属材料制成的壳体,所述壳体具有带有第一端部区域和在所述第一端部区域的远处的第二端部区域的伸长形状,以及限定构造成容纳多个储热和释热装置以及导引气体流的腔体的内表面;
通过所述壳体的用于处于高温和高压的气体流的第一开口,其位于所述第一端部区域中;
通过所述壳体的用于处于低温和高压的气体流的第二开口,其位于所述第二端部区域中;以及
在所述内表面附近且仅部分地覆盖所述内表面的、由绝热材料制成的衬套,所述衬套至少位于所述第一端部区域中;
以及
位于所述腔体的内部的储热和释热装置。
11.一种能量生产装置,包括:
联接到发动机上的压缩机,其具有用于低压低温气体流的入口和用于高压高温气体流的出口;
联接到能量发生器上的膨胀器,其具有用于高压高温气体流的入口和用于低压低温气体流的出口;
用于存储处于高压的气体的储气室,其具有开口;以及
至少一个储热和释热设备;
其中,所述储热和释热设备包括:
容器,其包括:
由金属材料制成的壳体,所述壳体具有带有第一端部区域和在所述第一端部区域的远处的第二端部区域的伸长形状,以及限定构造成容纳多个储热和释热装置以及导引气体流的腔体的内表面;
通过所述壳体的用于处于高温和高压的气体流的第一开口,其位于所述第一端部区域中;
通过所述壳体的用于处于低温和高压的气体流的第二开口,其位于所述第二端部区域中;以及
在所述内表面附近且仅部分地覆盖所述内表面的、由绝热材料制成的衬套,所述衬套至少位于所述第一端部区域中;
以及
位于所述腔体的内部的储热和释热装置;
以及其中,所述第一开口选择性地流体地连接到所述压缩机的所述出口和所述膨胀器的所述入口上,而所述第二开口以可控的方式流体地连接到所述储气室的所述开口上。
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EP2503213A2 (en) 2012-09-26
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ITCO20110011A1 (it) 2012-09-23
JP6148433B2 (ja) 2017-06-14
CN102692149A (zh) 2012-09-26
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US9127812B2 (en) 2015-09-08

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