CN102686876A - 风叶转笼驱动多台发电机的风力发电机 - Google Patents

风叶转笼驱动多台发电机的风力发电机 Download PDF

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CN102686876A
CN102686876A CN2011800048433A CN201180004843A CN102686876A CN 102686876 A CN102686876 A CN 102686876A CN 2011800048433 A CN2011800048433 A CN 2011800048433A CN 201180004843 A CN201180004843 A CN 201180004843A CN 102686876 A CN102686876 A CN 102686876A
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generator
rotating cage
wind
fan blade
rotary table
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CN102686876B (zh
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高长德
高轶夫
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BEIJING JUNANTAI PROTECTION TECHNOLOGIES Co Ltd
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
    • H02K7/18—Structural association of electric generators with mechanical driving motors, e.g. with turbines
    • H02K7/1807—Rotary generators
    • H02K7/1823—Rotary generators structurally associated with turbines or similar engines
    • H02K7/183—Rotary generators structurally associated with turbines or similar engines wherein the turbine is a wind turbine
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D3/00—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially perpendicular to the air flow entering the rotor 
    • F03D3/06—Rotors
    • F03D3/062—Rotors characterised by their construction elements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D80/00—Details, components or accessories not provided for in groups F03D1/00 - F03D17/00
    • F03D80/30—Lightning protection
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D9/00—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
    • F03D9/20—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus
    • F03D9/25—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus the apparatus being an electrical generator
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2240/00—Components
    • F05B2240/40—Use of a multiplicity of similar components
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2240/00—Components
    • F05B2240/50—Bearings
    • F05B2240/51—Bearings magnetic
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2260/00—Function
    • F05B2260/40—Transmission of power
    • F05B2260/403—Transmission of power through the shape of the drive components
    • F05B2260/4031—Transmission of power through the shape of the drive components as in toothed gearing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2260/00—Function
    • F05B2260/90—Braking
    • F05B2260/902—Braking using frictional mechanical forces
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/74—Wind turbines with rotation axis perpendicular to the wind direction
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product

Abstract

本发明公开了一种风叶转笼驱动多台发电机的风力发电机。16个拉挤工艺制造的风叶（8）安装在通过磁力悬浮的风叶转笼（5）的外缘。风叶转笼（5）的内缘装有内齿轮（3）。立柱（1）上设有上下两个发电机舱（12），每个发电机舱（12）内装有8台带电磁离合器的发电机（4）。伸出发电机舱（12）上的发电机轴（26）装有齿轮（2），齿轮（2）与风叶转笼（5）上的内齿轮（3）啮合。风叶（8）外凸内凹，宽1.5米，高40米。该风叶（8）受风面积大并且安装在外缘，因而产生的扭矩大。通过内齿轮（3）带动发电机齿轮（2）旋转，动能损失小。该风力发电机还设有避雷针。该风力发电机风能利用率高，结构简单，运行费用低。

Description

风叶转笼驱动多台发电机的风力发电机
技术领域
本发明属于风力发电机领域。
背景技术
大型风力发电机几乎全是水平轴的有三个风叶、设备：主轴承、低速轴、增速器、高速轴、发电机、转向装置、刹车器、润滑系统等装备，造价高，维修量大等缺点。功率多在1.5兆瓦，3兆瓦已很难生产，要想再提高功率几乎是极难做到的。
现在垂直轴风力发电机叶片小，只带一个小的发电机，功率很小，只适合家庭、公路灯杆用。
发明内容
本发明的风叶转笼驱动多台发电机的风力发电机是有多个(可达数十个)垂直安置的风叶和多台发电机的风力发电机；机械传动只有安装在风叶转笼上的大型内齿轮和发电机轴上的齿轮，无需增速器等复杂设备，就能提高发电机转数、直接发电；选用立式多级性永磁发电机在低速和中速就能高效发电。
下面就本发明的各部分组成说明本发明的内容：
风叶转笼是由8个及以上的均布的桁架、外转盘、内转盘组成的上转盘和下转盘，上转盘和下转盘由外立柱、内立柱、斜拉钢丝绳、斜支拉支架等制成的圆台型刚性转笼。上、下转盘的内转盘由金属材料制成，其中心端安装有大型内齿轮。上、下转盘的外转盘用金属材料或复合材料制造重量太大，本发明选用多根高强绳索(如4根钢丝绳)做外转盘的材料，可将外转盘的重量从一百多吨减至几吨左右、高强绳索固定在桁架的外缘的绳索槽中夹紧；风叶两端加装安装座垂直安装在上转盘和下转盘的多根高强绳索上，用紧固板和螺柱固定。
用玻璃纤维、玄武岩纤维及其机织布、无纺布配合浸胶后由拉挤机拉挤成形状完全相同的风叶。风叶的形状为外凸内凹中空带加强筋的，内凹部分设多根纵向的挡风筋。风叶内凹部分迎风时能产生较大的扭矩，外凸部分光滑迎风时阻力小，内凹外凸的风叶产生的能量差推动风叶转笼旋转。多达16个以上的风叶都安装转笼的外缘，每根风叶高度达数十米，转笼旋转的动力是巨大的。(如风叶宽1.5m，长40m，一个风叶受风面积就有60㎡)。风叶加装风叶转向装置到逆风面时阻力更小，效果更佳。
风叶转笼的上转盘下，下转盘下分别安装一组铷铁硼磁悬浮，磁悬浮一极固定在转笼的转盘上，一极固定在立柱上，其作用面以水平为准向内或向外倾斜3°-8°，使磁悬浮有向上的磁悬浮力和向旋转中心的磁悬浮力。磁悬浮使重达数十吨的风叶转笼的摩擦力变得很小很小，也使风叶转笼的旋转中心不摆动。
上发电机舱和下发电机舱的上平板上有8个发电机轴孔及立式发电机的固定孔，从上平板伸出的发电机轴上安装有齿轮，且每个发电机齿轮均与固定在内转盘上的大型内齿轮啮合。两个发电机舱的上平板的高度差与风叶转笼的两个内转盘的高度差相同。
本发明的传动简单，效率高，转笼上风叶带动转笼转动，上、下两个内转盘上固的大型内齿轮分别带动上、下两个发电机舱伸出的发电机齿轮增速旋转，即带动发电机转子转动发电。能量传递如下：
【风叶】→带动→【转笼旋转】→带动→【内齿轮旋转】→啮合→【发电机齿轮】→带动→【发电机发电】
本发明动力传动程序简单的几乎不可能再简单，动力损耗少，风能利用率高，能量巨大的风力发电机。
上、下发电机舱均可安装8台发电机，发电机选用技术成熟、运行可靠的永磁多极性的发电机。永磁多极性发电机极数多、无碳刷、不产生火花，转数在15-350rpm均可高效发电，其启动力矩小，是最适合风力发电的发电机。在发电机的输入端加装电磁离合器，在启动时可只接两台发电机，转动起来后逐渐增加发电机的台数以达到满负荷运转，是最适合微风启动的风力发电机。
风叶转笼的内转盘装有垂直的刹车环，立柱上装有4个或6个带伸缩油缸的汽车轮子，油缸伸出时，汽车轮子和内转盘上的刹车环接触，汽车轮子的刹车装置刹车，风叶转笼逐渐减速至停止。
本发明的有益效果是：
风叶安装在转笼外缘，风叶宽可达两米，高达几十米，受风面积大，能产生巨大的动能。用多台中型技术成熟的发电机，传动只有一个内齿轮和电机齿轮，结构极为简单，运转可靠，无维修，运行费用低。杆顶装有避雷针，无雷击风叶的可能。用铷铁硼磁悬浮几乎无摩擦，又能准确定位。只有一级传动，能量损失极小。迎风面整个面积所有凹面风叶都能产生动能，采风面大，采风点距旋转中心远，产生力矩大，摩擦力小，能量损失极少，可制造10兆瓦以上的风力发电机。
附图说明
图1是风叶转笼驱动多台发电机的风力发电机结构中间剖面示意图。
图2是风叶、外齿轮、齿轮的俯视示意图。
图3是风叶的横剖面示意图。
图1中间剖面的后面还有几个风叶，为看清结构并未画完。
图1中的(1)是带两个发电机舱的立柱，图1中的(2)是发电机齿轮，图1中的(3)是风叶转盘上的内齿轮，图1中的(4)是发电机，图1中的(5)是风叶转笼，图1中的(6)是上磁悬浮付，图1中的(7)是磁悬浮支撑架，图1中的(8)是风叶，图1中的(9)是高强绳索制造的外转盘，图1中的(10)是下磁悬浮，图1中的(11)是齿轮的防尘罩，图1中的(12)是下发电机舱。
图2中的(21)是风叶，图2中的(22)是由四根高强绳索组成的外转盘，图2中的(23)是转盘上的桁架，图2中的(24)是内转盘上安装的内齿轮，图2中的(25)是发电机轴上的齿轮，图2中的(26)是发电机轴，图2中的(27)是立柱。
具体实施方式
实施例1：风叶转笼直径80米，转笼高40米，风叶宽1.5米，长40米，外转盘高强绳索用上下各四根￠30的7×39的钢丝绳，内转盘用厚30mm的钢板，直径7米，用上下各8个三角型桁架(35米长)，桁架上连接件连接内转盘和外转盘的钢丝绳，上下转盘桁架对应安装外立柱、内立柱、斜拉钢丝绳、斜支柱支撑管，使转盘成刚性圆柱体。转盘外侧四根钢丝绳上安装16个拉挤制成的风叶。内转盘固定模数为8、齿数为650齿的内齿轮，内转盘靠近直径7米处有向下的磁悬浮安装槽，对应磁悬浮安装位置的上面有加强筋(如一根弯曲的工字钢)以保持磁悬浮轨道的水平度，1吨铷铁硼磁悬浮可举起100吨的重物，上下磁悬浮用2吨铷铁硼磁悬浮，磁悬浮按水平方向向内偏7°。
上下发电机舱各安装8台100KW永磁多极性发电机，发电机输入端加装电磁离合器，其伸出发电机舱上平板上的加粗轴上装有模数为8、齿数为28，厚度为150mm免润滑的尼龙制成的齿轮，这些齿轮均与内齿轮啮合。发电机舱直径6米，立柱直径3米，立柱与发电机舱分节制造，现场安装。
按受风面积，风速5m/s—10m/s，就可发电达12兆瓦。
实施例2：风叶转笼直径80米，风叶宽2米，风叶高60米，安装24个风叶，发电能力更大。
实施例3：风叶转笼直径10米，风叶宽0.35米，风叶高8米，发电机舱装4台3KW永磁多极性发电机，可发电10KWm以上，供微波站、家庭使用。

Claims (10)

1.一种风叶转笼驱动多台发电机的风力发电机，包括带两个发电机舱的立柱，风叶转笼、转笼外侧装有多个风叶，转笼内侧装有上、下两个大型内齿轮，风叶转笼由多组磁悬浮悬起，发电机舱安装的多个发电机，伸出发电机舱的发电机轴上安装的齿轮均与转轮上的内齿轮啮合。
2.根据权利要求1所述的带两个发电机舱的立柱，其特征是：立柱上的每个发电机舱均可安装多台带离合器的立式永磁发电机，发电机输入轴上装有和内齿轮啮合的齿轮，其距离与风叶的长度相当。
3.根据权利要求1所述的风叶转笼，其特征是：风叶转笼由上转盘、下转盘、垂直立柱、斜支立柱、斜拉钢丝绳等组成，上、下转盘的内侧装有内转盘，外侧有外转盘，内外转盘由桁架等组成的刚性圆柱体。
4.根据权利要求1所述的风叶转笼，其特征是：风叶转笼上的上、下转盘的外转盘由多根高强绳索制成，以减轻转笼的重量。
5.根据权利要求1所述的风叶，其特征是：由拉挤的复合材料制成，其形状为外凸内凹中空带加强筋、内凹部分有多条纵向挡风筋，多个风叶固定在上下转盘外侧的多根高强绳索上。
6.根据权利要求1所述的风叶转笼的上、下转盘，其特征是：上、下转盘内侧均装有刚性内转盘，其上装有大型内齿轮。
7.根据权利要求1所述的风叶转笼，其特征是：风叶转笼由两组不用电的铷铁硼磁悬浮环悬起，磁悬浮的安装角度为以水平方向向内或向外偏斜3°-8°，以获得向上和向内的支持力。
8.根据权利要求1所述的发电机，其特征是：选用的低转数的永磁多极数的发电机，启动力矩小，在较低的转数范围都能发电。
9.根据权利要求1所述的立柱，其特征是：立柱外部设有刹车装置，刹车装置选用4个或6个带伸缩油缸的的汽车轮子，油缸伸出时汽车轮子与内转盘上的刹车环相接触。
10.根据权利要求1所述的带发电机舱的立柱，其特征是：分节制造、现场安装；其顶部安装避雷针，立柱内部有吊装笼，风力发电机的附属电器设备与控制系统安装在地面上的房间里。
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CN111764076B (zh) * 2020-06-23 2022-12-20 南京秦邦吉品农业开发有限公司 一种书画用麻布生产用风干装置

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