CN102675367A - 一种含磷氧基和吡啶单元化合物及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种含磷氧基和吡啶单元化合物及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种含磷氧基和吡啶单元化合物及其制备方法,该化合物由具有高三重态的磷氧基和具有电子传输能力的吡啶单元构成,其结构式为:,其中R1和R2为苯基或六元含氮杂环。制备方法有如下步骤:首先将含苯与含吡啶的化合物按摩尔比1:2~3混合均匀并发生化学反应,得含苯基和吡啶的化合物;然后用含苯基和吡啶的化合物与苯基磷按摩尔比为1:0.4~0.5在有机溶液中反应,得含苯基磷和吡啶单元的化合物;最后将含苯基磷和吡啶单元的化合物与双氧水按摩尔比为1:5~10发生反应,得到含磷氧基和吡啶单元的化合物。本发明的原料易得,合成方便,产率较高,适合大规模生产,并且用该方法制得的材料在磷光蓝光体系的电子传输上有较高的效率。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及有机电致发光材料领域,尤其是涉及一种含磷氧基和吡啶单元化合物的制备方法,以及根据此方法制备的材料在有机电致发光领域中的应用。
背景技术
近二十年来,有机电致发光器件(OLED)因具有自发光、高亮度、高效率、轻薄、宽视角和易加工等特性、低电压驱动,易于大面积制备及全色显示等优点具有广阔的应用前景,得到人们的广泛关注。有机发光的研究始于上个世纪50年代,直到1987年美国柯达公司的Tang等在专利US4356429中采用三明治器件结构,研制出的OLED器件在10V直流电压驱动下发光亮度达到1000cd/m2,使OLED获得了划时代的发展。
有机电致发光主要分为荧光和磷光,但根据自旋量子统计理论,单重态激子辐射跃迁的荧光的理论极限为25%,三重态激子辐射跃迁的荧光的理论极限为75%。只有采用磷光材料,才有可能利用全部的激子达到100%的内量子效率。在典型的磷光OLED 器件中,除了发光层外,还包括电子注入、电子传输、空穴注入、空穴传输层。磷光发光层通常是掺杂磷光燃料在合适的主体材料中,形成主客体发光体系,以削弱三重态激子的猝灭效应。要为发光染料选择合适的电子传输材料,需考虑的重要因素是三重态能级Et。一般来说,电子传输材料的T1态能级要大于染料,才能顺利将三重态激子局限在染料分子中,从而使染料受激发生辐射。由于蓝光染料自身的三线态能级很高,寻找与之相匹配的具有更高三线态能量的电子传输材料就尤为重要。常用与磷光体系的电子传输材料主要为吡啶等含氮杂环材料,因其具有较好的电子传输能力,但仅仅有较好的电子传输能力还不够,还需要较高的三重态能级来限制三重态激子从发光层中逃逸。磷氧基是一类重要的修饰基团,可以有效的提高材料的三重态能级,如含有磷氧基团的SPPO11、PPO1、PPO2等都具有较高的三重态能级。
发明内容
本发明的目的之一是提供了可用于磷光蓝光体系的电子传输材料含磷氧基和吡啶单元化合物。
本发明的目的之二是提供上述化合物的制备方法。
本发明的目的之三是提供根据此方法制备的电子传输材料在蓝光磷光器件中的应用
为了达到上述目的,本发明采用的技术方案如下:
一种可用于磷光蓝光体系的电子传输材料,为具有高三重态的磷氧基和具有电子传输能力的吡啶单元构成,其结构通式为
其中,R1为苯基或六元含氮杂环化合物;R2间位链接在R1上。
R1为如下结构式的化合物之一:
R2为苯基、2-吡啶、3-吡啶、4-吡啶、嘧啶或吡嗪。
如R1为含六元环,则R2为苯基或含氮杂环。
R1为苯基,则R2为下列结构式的基团之一:
优选的,一种含磷氧基和吡啶单元化合物,其结构通式如下:
其中,
一种具有磷氧基和吡啶单元化合物的制备方法,包括如下具体步骤:
(1)初产物的制备:将1,3,5-三溴苯、吡啶-4-硼酸、四(三苯基磷)钯,甲苯、乙醇和浓度为2M碳酸钾溶液按摩尔比为1:2~3:0.2~0.4:30~35:5~10:5~10混合均匀,氮气保护下,边搅拌边加热至85~90℃,反应24小时;而后将反应液冷却至室温,用二氯甲烷稀释后过滤;所得滤液与水混合后静置,分层为水相和滤液相,分离水相和滤液相;所得水相与三氯甲烷混合后静置,分层为水相和三氯甲烷相,分离水相和三氯甲烷相;将所得滤液相和三氯甲烷相合并后,在与水混合后静止分层为水相和有机相,分离水相和有机相,所得有机相即为萃取产物,将萃取产物用无水硫酸镁干燥,除去有机溶剂,得到4,4′-(5-溴-1,3-二苯基)二吡啶的制备粗产物;4,4′-(5-溴-1,3-二苯基)二吡啶的制备粗产物过柱纯化,得到4,4′-(5-溴-1,3-二苯基)二吡啶;
(2)中间产物的制备:将得到的4,4′-(5-溴-1,3-二苯基)二吡啶按摩尔比1:25~30溶解于四氢呋喃溶液中,通氮气保护,然后将溶液冷却至-70~-75℃;用注射器抽按摩尔比为1:1.2~1.5的正丁基锂慢慢加入到溶液中,低温下搅拌1~2h,然后用注射器抽按摩尔比为1:0.4~0.5的二氯苯基磷慢慢加入到溶液中,低温下搅拌2~3h后,自然升温到室温,搅拌30~50min后加入摩尔比为1:10~15的甲醇溶液,搅拌过夜,旋干得到粗产物;
(3)终产物的制备:将上述得到的粗产物,按摩尔比为1:10~15加入四氢呋喃溶液溶解,然后按摩尔比为1:10~15:5~10依次加入二氯甲烷和双氧水,室温下搅拌2h,停止反应,用旋转蒸发器旋干,再拿到烘箱干燥得到粗产品。并过柱纯化,得到终产物3,3',3'',3'''-(5,5'-(苯基磷氧基)二(苯-5,3,1-三))四吡啶。
本发明的有益效果为:
(1)本发明提供了一种可用于磷光蓝光体系的电子传输材料,具有较高的三重态能级和电子传输性质,使在发光层中限制于磷光发光染料上,大大提高发光效率;
(2)本发明所述的可用于磷光体系的电子传输材料具有较高的三线态能级,有效的防止发光过程中能量回传给主体材料,其中,苯环和吡啶链接的位置为间位时,相对于邻位和对位具有更高的三线态能级;
(3)本发明所述的具有电子传输能力的材料具有较好的HOMO,LUMO能级;
(4)本发明所述的可用于磷光蓝光体系的电子传输材料合成方法简单,适合于广泛应用;
(5)本发明所述的可用于磷光体系的电子传输材料可用于蓝光的磷光器件的电子传输材料。
附图说明
图1为本发明的4,4′-(5-溴-1,3-二苯基)二吡啶核磁共振图谱;
图2为本发明的3,3',3'',3'''-(5,5'-(苯基磷氧基)二(苯-5,3,1-三))四吡啶核磁共振图谱;
图3为本发明的3,3',3'',3'''-(5,5'-(苯基磷氧基)二(苯-5,3,1-三))四吡啶紫外吸收及荧光发射图谱;
图4为本发明的3,3',3'',3'''-(5,5'-(苯基磷氧基)二(苯-5,3,1-三))四吡啶循环伏安图谱;
图5为以 compound 1,即本发明实施例1所制备的终产物为电子传输材料制备的功能器件的结构示意图;
图6为以 compound 1,即本发明实施例1所制备的终产物为电子传输材料制备的功能器件的电压-电流密度/发光亮度图;
图7为以 compound 1,即本发明实施例1所制备的终产物为电子传输材料制备的功能器件的电流密度-电流效率图。
具体实施方式
下面通过具体实施方式对进一步说明本发明,以帮助更好的理解本发明的内容,但这些具体实施方式不以任何方式限制本发明的保护范围。
实施例1:
一种具有高三重态能级的电子传输材料,即3,3',3'',3'''-(5,5'-(苯基磷氧基)二(苯-5,3,1-三))四吡啶的制备方法,其反应过程如下:
具体反应步骤为:
1. 初产物4,4′-(5-溴-1,3-二苯基)二吡啶的制备:称取5g 1、3、5-三溴苯,4.88g吡啶-4-硼酸,0.73g Pd(PPh3)4,20ml 2M K2CO3,20ml乙醇,80ml 甲苯加入到250ml的三口烧瓶中,加热到95℃,氮气保护。反应进行21h后,停止反应,将反应液倒入水中,分离出有机层,再用二氯甲烷萃取水层三次,合并有机层,用饱和食盐水洗有机层,用无水硫酸镁干燥有机层。第二天早上将其过滤,用旋转蒸发器旋干滤液得4.34g,收率为26.31%。将所得4,4′-(5-溴-1,3-二苯基)二吡啶。
对4,4′-(5-溴-1,3-二苯基)二吡啶进行核磁共振检测,如图1所示,所得结果为:1H NMR (300M Hz, CDCl3 ): :8.7499(br,4H),7.8551-7.8498(s,2H),7.7926-7.7821(s,1H),7.5578-7.5395(d,4H);
2. 中间产物的制备:将1.3g 4,4′-(5-溴-1,3-二苯基)二吡啶放入到50ml三口烧瓶中,加入40ml精制好的THF。先将其在室温下搅拌溶解,然后在低温反应装置下反应,N2保护。通氮气30min后,用2.5ml的注射器抽2ml正丁基锂慢慢加入到三口烧瓶中。反应液由无色变为红棕色然后又渐渐变为棕褐色。反应1h后,用1ml的注射器抽取0.29ml二氯苯基磷到三口烧瓶中,反应液由棕褐色变为黑色粘稠状液体。1.5h后,停止反应。将其放到室温搅拌。20min后加入10ml甲醇,继续搅拌过夜,反应液又变为红棕色液体。将反应液旋干得到粗产品。
3.终产物3,3',3'',3'''-(5,5'-(苯基磷氧基)二(苯-5,3,1-三))四吡啶的制备:将1.61g 中间产物、加入10mlTHF将其完全溶解,再加入10mlCH2Cl2 和5ml双氧水进行氧化反应,室温搅拌2h。反应液变为黄色浑浊状液体。将反应液旋干得到粗产品,然后用石油醚装一根10cm左右高度的层析柱。投入粗产物,先在加压条件下用乙酸乙酯/甲醇=30/1作为洗脱剂,然后在加压的条件下用乙酸乙酯/甲醇=3/1洗脱杂质,最后在加压的条件下将产品洗脱出来。收集产品点将其用旋转蒸发器旋干得0.5g,拿到烘箱干燥得0.3g.产品为米黄色粉末状,无荧光点,产品收率为66.22%。
用核磁共振检测,所得结果如图2所示,从图2可知, 1H NMR (300M Hz, CDCl3): 7.488-7.507 (m, 3H), 7.591-7.616 (d, 4H), 7.788-7.851 (s, 2H), 8.028-8.069(d, 8H), 8.697-8.717(d, 8H) 。
3,3',3'',3'''-(5,5'-(苯基磷氧基)二(苯-5,3,1-三))四吡啶的表征参数如下:
化学式:C38H27ON4P;
分子量:586g/mol;
形状:米黄色粉末;
熔点:121.5~129.9℃。
实施例2:
compound 1的LUMO,HOMO能级分析
对compound 1进行紫外吸收、荧光发射和循环伏安测试,从图4循环伏安图谱中可得compound 1的HOMO=6.61eV, 再从图3紫外吸收和荧光发射图谱得到compound 1的LUMO= 2.4 eV,可以证明compound 1较好的电子亲和势及离子势。
实施例3:
一种具有高三重态能级的电子传输材料在蓝光磷光器件中的应用,该电子传输材料由具有高三重态能级的磷氧基和具有电子传输能力的吡啶单元构成。
所述具有双极性载流子传输能力的磷光主体材料以ITO为阳极,HAT为空穴注入材料,NPB为空穴传输材料,mCP为电子阻挡材料,compound 1,即本发明实施例1所制备的终产物,为电子传输材料,FIrpic为蓝光掺杂发光材料,2,6-DCzPPY为主体材料,LiF为电子注入材料,Al为阴极,制备器件, 其中,
器件结构(图6)为:ITO / HAT(20nm) / NPB(30nm) /mcp(5nm)/ 2,6-DCzPPY :FIrpic(8wt%,30nm) / compound 1 (20nm) / LiF(1nm) / Al(100nm);
表1:制备器件所用已经报导材料和本发明材料
从图6,7可以得到器件的启动电压为2.7V,100cd/m2时驱动电压为3.7V,电流效率为20.7cd/A, 1000cd/m2时驱动电压为4.7V,电流效率为16.9cd/A, 具有较高的效率。
以上内容是结合具体的优选实施方式对本发明所作的进一步详细说明,不能认定本发明的具体实施只局限于这些说明。对于本发明所属技术领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明构思的前提下,其架构形式能够灵活多变,可以派生系列产品。只是做出若干简单推演或替换,都应当视为属于本发明由所提交的权利要求书确定的专利保护范围。
Claims (5)
4.权利要求1~3所述的任意一种含磷氧基和吡啶单元的化合物的制备方法,其特征在于:制备方法的步骤是,首先将含苯与含吡啶的化合物按摩尔比1:2~3混合均匀,经过反应,分离、萃取,过滤和旋干滤液得到含苯基和吡啶的化合物;然后用含苯基和吡啶的化合物与苯基磷按摩尔比为1:0.4~0.5在溶液中反应,经过搅拌和旋干得含苯基、吡啶单元和苯基磷的化合物;最后将含苯基、吡啶单元和苯基磷的化合物与双氧水按摩尔比为1:5~10在室温下搅拌反应,经过旋干、烘干和过柱纯化,得到含磷氧基和吡啶单元的化合物。
5.权利要求1~3所述的任意一种含磷氧基和吡啶单元的化合物及通过权利要求4所制得的一种含磷氧基和吡啶单元的化合物的应用,其特征在于:将权利要求1~3所述的任意一种含磷氧基和吡啶单元的化合物及通过权利要求4所制得的一种含磷氧基和吡啶单元的化合物用于磷光蓝光体系的电子传输材料。
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