CN102673378A - 混合动力车辆的动力传递装置 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种混合动力车辆的动力传递装置,其能够提高混合动力车辆中的动力传递效率。发动机输出轴(15)和马达输出轴(41)连接在搭载于该动力传递装置中的无级变速机构(10)的主轴(11)上。输出离合器(63)配置在连接于驱动轮的输出传递轴(57)和副轴(12)之间,并将这些轴进行连接状态和脱离状态的切换,驱动切换离合器(71)配置在主轴(11)和输出传递轴(57)之间,并将这些轴进行连接状态和脱离状态之间的切换。在输出离合器(63)为脱离状态且驱动切换离合器(71)为连接状态的直接连接模式下,发动机输出不通过无级变速机构(10)传递到驱动轮。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种将发动机输出和马达输出向驱动轮传递的混合动力车辆的动力传递装置。
背景技术
在车辆上搭载发动机和电动马达并且向驱动轮传递发动机输出和马达输出的混合动力车辆,通过变速机构向驱动轮传递发动机输出。在搭载变速机构的混合动力车辆中,对于发动机和电动马达的配置方式包括在变速机构的两侧配置发动机和电动马达的方式(在变速机构的变速机输入轴的一端部侧配置发动机,另一端部侧上配置电动马达),以及在变速机输入轴的一端部侧上邻接配置发动机和电动马达的方式。在包括变速机构的混合动力车辆中,通过变速机构向驱动轮传递发动机输出和马达输出。在使电动马达起作用作为发电机回收再生能源时,来自驱动轮的再生转矩通过变速机构传递到电动马达。
在专利文献1中,记载了混合动力车辆,该混合动力车辆包括作为变速机构的无级变速机构(CVT),并在无级变速机构的主轴的一端部侧上配置发动机和电动马达。在该混合动力车辆中,由离合器对通过无级变速机构向驱动轮传递发动机输出和马达输出的动力传递路径,和不通过无级变速机构向驱动轮传递电动马达的马达输出的动力传递路径进行切换。
在专利文献2中,记载了混合动力车辆,该混合动力车辆包括附加了无级变速机构的行星齿轮机构,由离合器对仅利用无级变速机构变速的变速模式,和利用无级变速机构和行星齿轮机构两者变速的变速模式进行切换。
另外,在专利文献3中,记载了动力传动装置,动力传动装置向包括无级变速机构和无限变速机构的驱动轮传递发动机输出和马达输出。
专利文献
专利文献1:日本专利第4226610号公报
专利文献2:日本专利第3633473号公报
专利文献3:日本专利第3743158号公报
上述现有的多数混合动力车辆具有通过变速机构向驱动轮传递发动机输出和马达输出的方式,以及不通过变速机构直接向驱动轮传递马达输出的方式。但是,关于发动机输出通过变速机构向驱动轮传递,在变速机构中发生动力传递损耗是不可避免的。
在作为变速机构的无级变速机构中,包括带驱动式和牵引驱动式(トラクシヨンドライブ式)等等。所述带驱动式包括设有主带轮的主轴和设有副带轮的副轴,且各自带轮的槽宽是可变的。另外,在这两个带轮之间架设有带等动力传递单元(動力伝達要素),其中主轴的旋转通过动力传递单元连续地变速而被传递到副轴。所述牵引驱动式包括设有输入侧盘状物(デイスク)的主轴和设有输出侧盘状物的主轴,在各自的盘状物上形成圆环状面,并且动力滚筒作为动力传递单元配置在两者之间。
在带驱动式的无级变速机构中,动力传递时对于各自的带轮有必要由油压泵向带等动力传递单元施加紧固力。因此,在使用无级变速机构的动力传递装置中,为使油压泵运转而发生的动力损耗,加之无级变速机构的动力传递损耗是不可避免的。
发明内容
本发明人认为在由无级变速机构作为变速机构传递动力的车辆中,可以在适当的时候,切换至直接连接模式,从而不通过无级变速机构而向驱动轮传递发动机和马达输出,从而避免无级变速机构的动力传递损耗以及油压泵的使用。因此,本发明目的是提高混合动力车辆中的动力传递效率,特别是在比如高速巡航行车时提高混合动力车辆中的动力传递效率。
本发明提供一种混合动力车辆的动力传递装置,其向驱动轮传递发动机输出和马达输出,包括:无级变速机构,其包括主轴和副轴,所述主轴连接于发动机输出轴和马达输出轴,所述主轴的旋转通过动力传递单元连续地传递到副轴;以及输出离合器,其配置于连接所述驱动轮的输出传递轴和所述副轴之间,进行连接所述副轴和所述输出传递轴的连接状态和解除连接的脱离状态(開放状態)之间的切换;以及驱动切换离合器,其配置于所述主轴和所述输出传递轴之间,进行连接所述主轴和所述输出传递轴的连接状态和解除连接的脱离状态之间的切换,该混合动力车辆的动力传递装置在所述输出离合器为脱离状态并且所述驱动切换离合器为连接状态的直接连接模式下,不通过所述无级变速机构而向所述驱动轮传递发动机输出和马达输出中的至少一个输出。
本发明的混合动力车辆的动力传递装置可以在所述输出离合器为连接状态并且所述驱动切换离合器为脱离状态的变速模式下通过所述无级变速机构向所述驱动轮传递发动机输出和马达输出中的至少一个输出。
在本发明的混合动力车辆的动力传递装置中,所述马达输出是由电动马达输出的,所述电动马达具有所述马达输出轴且可以是发电马达,在所述输出离合器为脱离状态并且所述驱动切换离合器为连接状态的直接连接模式下,所述驱动轮驱动所述电动马达来回收再生能源。
在本发明的混合动力车辆的动力传递装置中,在马达输出轴的一端可连接主轴,在马达输出轴的另一端可连接驱动切换离合器。
在本发明的混合动力车辆的动力传递装置中,马达输出轴可连接在主轴的一端,驱动切换离合器可连接在主轴的另一端。
在本发明的混合动力车辆的动力传递装置中,所述输出传递轴可包括与所述马达输出轴同轴地连接于所述驱动切换离合器的分动轴(トランスフア軸)。
在本发明的混合动力车辆的动力传递装置中,所述输出传递轴还可包括通过分动离合器连接于所述分动轴从而向后轮传递动力的后轮输出轴。
在本发明的混合动力车辆的动力传递装置中,所述输出传递轴还可包括连接于所述分动轴从而向前轮传递动力的前轮输出轴。
在本发明的混合动力车辆的动力传递装置中,所述驱动切换离合器可包括安装在马达输出轴或主轴上的离合器毂和安装在分动轴上的离合器鼓,并在离合器毂和离合器鼓之间设有多个摩擦板。
在本发明的混合动力车辆的动力传递装置中,所述输出离合器可包括安装在副轴的齿轮上的离合器毂和安装在前轮输出轴上的离合器鼓,并在离合器毂和离合器鼓之间设有离合器板。
在本发明的动力传递装置中,因为具有可以不通过无级变速机构而直接向驱动轮传递发动机输出和马达输出的直接连接模式,所以在该模式中,没有无级变速机构的动力传递损耗,这样可以提高动力传递效率,并改善燃油费。另外,因为不通过无级变速机构进行动力传递,所以在直接连接模式中,不需要为了变速操作使油压泵运转,这样可以防止发生泵损耗。
附图说明
图1表示本发明一实施方式的混合动力车辆的动力传递装置的框架图。
图2(A)表示直接连接模式中的动力传递路径的概略图,
图2(B)表示变速模式中的动力传递路径的概略图。
图3表示在直接连接模式再生制动时的动力传递路径的概略图。
图4表示本发明其他实施方式的混合动力车辆的动力传递装置的概略图。
符号说明
10:无级变速机构
11:主轴
12:副轴
15:发动机输出轴
20:前后进切换机构
31:主带轮
32:副带轮
40:电动马达
41:马达输出轴
44:分动轴
46:后轮输出轴
53:前轮输出轴
57:输出传递轴
63:输出离合器
71:驱动切换离合器
具体实施方式
下面,是参照附图对本发明的实施方式进行详细的说明。图1所示的动力传递装置包括作为变速机构的无级变速机构10,该无级变速机构10包括作为变速机输入轴的主轴11和作为变速机输出轴的副轴12,并且主轴11和副轴12是相互平行的。另外,无级变速机构10被装入到作为变速机箱的变速箱13a内,在变速箱13a中,主轴11和副轴12分别与行进方向平行地纵置搭载于图中未示出的车身内。
转矩变换器14装入安装于变速箱13a的前端部的变换器箱13b内。该转矩变换器14包括连接于图中未示出的发动机的曲轴即发动机输出轴15的泵叶轮16和同时与该泵叶轮16相对地连接于涡轮轴17的涡轮转轮18。动力传递装置包括油泵19,该油泵19由设置在转矩变换器14的泵叶轮16上的泵轴驱动。另外,转矩变换器14的涡轮轴17由前后进切换机构20连接于主轴11的一端部。
前后进切换机构20包括固定于涡轮轴17的离合器鼓(クラツチドラム)21和固定于主轴11的离合器毂(クラツチハブ)22,并通过配置于两者之间的多个摩擦板形成前进用离合器23。该前进用离合器23通过液压活塞23a设为连接状态时,涡轮轴17的旋转通过离合器毂22被传递到主轴11,且主轴11与涡轮轴17向同一正转方向旋转。在主轴11上固定有太阳齿轮24,并在该太阳齿轮24的半径方向外侧将环形齿轮25旋转自由地设置在变速箱13a内。在安装于离合器鼓21的载体26上旋转自由地装有相互形成啮合对的两个小行星齿轮27、28。一个小齿轮27与太阳齿轮24啮合,另一小齿轮28与环形齿轮25啮合。另外,两个小齿轮27、28为方便绘图,在图1中示为分开。后退用制动器29通过在环形齿轮25和变速箱13a之间配置的多个摩擦板而形成。在前进用离合器23为脱离状态下,由液压活塞29a连接后退用制动器29,因此主轴11与涡轮轴17向逆转方向旋转。当主轴11向正转方向旋转时,后退用制动器29设定为脱离状态。
如图1所示,主轴11在其中一端部通过转矩变换器14和前后进切换机构20连接于发动机输出轴15,发动机输出被输入在主轴11上。
在无级变速机构10的主轴11上设有主带轮31。该主带轮31包括固定在主轴11上的固定带轮31a和与之相对利用滚珠花键等在轴方向滑动自如地安装在主轴11上的可动带轮31b,且带轮的锥面间隔即带轮槽宽是可变的。在平行于主轴11的副轴12上设有副带轮32。副带轮32包括固定在副轴12上的固定带轮32a和与之相对利用滚珠花键等在轴方向滑动自如地安装在副轴12上的可动带轮32b,且带轮槽宽是可变的。
带33作为动力传递单元架设于主带轮31和副带轮32之间,通过使两个带轮31、32的槽宽变化,带33相对于各自的带轮31、32的缠绕径(巻付け径)的比率也随之变化。因此,副轴12的转速对主轴11是连续变速的。为使主带轮31的槽宽变化,在与可动带轮31b之间形成主油室34的圆筒(シリンダ)35安装在主轴11上。为使副带轮32的槽宽变化,在与可动带轮32b之间形成副油室36的圆筒37安装在副轴12上。在主油室34和副油室36中分别被供应来自油泵19的工作油。
电动马达40被安装在装于变速箱13a后端部的马达壳13c内。电动马达40包括安装在马达输出轴41上的转子42,马达输出轴41连接于主轴11的另一端部。电动马达40包括转子42装入到其内部的定子43,定子43被固定在马达壳13c内。这样,图1中主轴11在左端部通过转矩变换器14和前后进切换机构20与发动机输出轴15连接,在右端部与电动马达40的马达输出轴41连接,并且涡轮轴17、主轴11和马达输出轴41处于同轴状态。电动马达40是具有作为发电机即电力发生器的功能的马达发电机,制动时通过回收再生能源为电池充电。
图1所示的动力传递装置搭载在能够向作为驱动轮的前轮和后轮传递动力的全轮驱动即四轮驱动式的车辆上。分动箱13d安装在马达壳13c的后端部。分动离合器45安装在向分动箱13d突出且配置于马达壳13c内的分动轴44上,且分动轴44通过分动离合器45与后轮输出轴46连接。分动离合器45包括安装在分动轴44上的离合器毂47和安装在后轮输出轴46上的离合器鼓48,在离合器毂47和离合器鼓48之间设有多个摩擦板。利用液压活塞49连接摩擦板,从而使分动轴44和后轮输出轴46被连接。后轮输出轴46利用传动轴51与后部差速器机构52连接,且从分动轴44通过传动轴51向作为驱动轮的图中未示出的后轮传递输出。
前轮输出轴53被安装在变速箱13a中且与主轴11和副轴12平行,该前轮输出轴53通过由安装在分动轴44上的齿轮54和安装在前轮输出轴53上且与齿轮54相啮合的齿轮55所形成的齿轮对与分动轴44连接。前轮输出轴53与前部差速器机构56连接,从分动轴44通过前轮输出轴53向作为驱动轮的图中未示出的前轮传递输出。通过连接分动离合器45,使发动机输出等向前轮和后轮传递。另外,通过解除分动离合器45的连接,使发动机输出等仅向前轮传递。
分动轴44、后轮输出轴46和前轮输出轴53,构成向作为驱动轮的前轮和后轮传递动力的输出传递轴57。为将副轴12的旋转传递到输出传递轴57,安装在副轴12上的齿轮61和旋转自由地安装在前轮输出轴53上的齿轮62啮合。另外,输出离合器63配置于齿轮62和前轮输出轴53之间,便于进行在连接输出传递轴57和副轴12的连接状态与解除该连接的脱离状态之间的切换。输出离合器63包括安装在齿轮62上的离合器毂64和安装在前轮输出轴53上的离合器鼓65,并在离合器毂64和离合器鼓65之间设有离合器板。通过利用液压活塞66连接该离合器板,副轴12与输出传递轴57将成为连接状态。
驱动切换离合器71配置于马达输出轴41和分动轴44之间。该驱动切换离合器71包括安装在马达输出轴41上的离合器毂72和安装在分动轴44上的离合器鼓73,并在离合器毂72和离合器鼓73之间设有多个摩擦板。利用液压活塞74连接摩擦板,由此通过驱动切换离合器71使主轴11和输出传递轴57经过马达输出轴41连接而成为连接状态。另外,解除摩擦板的连接,由此通过解除连接而使这两个轴成为脱离状态。
这样,因驱动切换离合器71配置在连接马达输出轴41的主轴11和输出传递轴57之间,例如,高速巡航行车时,通过将驱动切换离合器71设成工作状态即连接状态,使发动机输出轴15达到通过马达输出轴41直接连结到输出传递轴57的状态。
虽然向上述主油室34和副油室36,以及各自的液压活塞74、66、49等,供应来自利用发动机驱动的油泵19的工作油,但也可以代替发动机驱动的油泵19,在动力传递装置上安装电动式的油泵。
图2(A)是表示在驱动切换离合器71为连接状态,输出离合器63为脱离状态的连接模式中的动力传递路径的概略图。在图中,动力传递路径用箭头表示,发动机输出不通过无级变速机构10,而是通过输出传递轴57直接向前后驱动轮传递。如果驱动发动机则发动机输出被传递各个驱动轮,如果驱动电动马达40则马达输出被传递各个驱动轮。这样,可以向驱动轮传递发动机输出和马达输出中的至少一个输出。
因为发动机输出可以成为不通过无级变速机构10而直接传递到输出传递轴57的状态,所以在无级变速机构10的变速工作中,既减少了动力损耗,又不需要对带33产生抵住主带轮31和副带轮32的压力。因此,可以提高动力传递效率。
图1表示全轮驱动式的动力传递装置,但在仅由前轮为驱动轮的FF式动力传递装置的情况下,分动离合器45会被除去。另外,在仅由后轮为驱动轮的FR式动力传递装置的情况下,分动离合器45和前轮输出轴53会被除去,并且副轴12通过齿轮或链条连接后轮输出轴46。
图2(B)是表示驱动切换离合器71为脱离状态,输出离合器63为连接状态的变速模式中的动力传递路径的概略图。在此时,发动机输出和马达输出是通过无级变速机构10传递到输出传递轴57,所以该变速模式被设定在车辆行车开始时和低速行车时。
图3是表示和图2(A)一样将动力传递装置作为连接模式,再生制动时利用电动马达40进行发电的场合的动力传递路径的概略图。在直接连接模式下进行再生制动,不通过无级变速机构10,而直接从输出传递轴57向电动马达40传递发电转矩,因此可以提高再生效率。
图4是表示本发明其他实施方式的混合动力车辆的动力传递装置的概略图。
在该动力传递装置中,电动马达40被配置在面对主带轮31的发动机侧。因此马达输出轴41设置在发动机侧而与主轴11相对,所以驱动切换离合器71配置在主轴11和分动轴44之间。这样,在图4所示的动力传递装置中,主轴11的一端部侧通过马达输出轴41连接发动机输出轴15,而在主轴11的另一端部和输出传递轴57之间配置有驱动切换离合器71。而在图1所示的动力传递装置中,马达输出轴41的一端部连接主轴11,并在马达输出轴41的另一端部和输出传递轴57之间配置有驱动切换离合器71。
在图4中,输出离合器63设在副轴12上,以便进行在连接副轴12和输出传递轴57的连接状态和解除连接的脱离状态之间的切换。这样,输出离合器63可以设置在输出传递轴57和副轴12之间任意位置,即使在图1所示动力传递装置中,输出离合器63的位置也可如图4所示设置在副轴12上。
本发明不限于所述实施方式,在不脱离本发明要旨的范围内可做出多种变更。例如,图示的无级变速机构10是带驱动式的,但也可以是牵引驱动式的。
Claims (10)
1.一种混合动力车辆的动力传递装置,所述动力传递装置向驱动轮传递发动机输出和马达输出,所述动力传递装置包括:
无级变速机构,其包括主轴和副轴,所述主轴连接于发动机输出轴和马达输出轴,所述主轴的旋转通过动力传递单元连续地传递到所述副轴;
输出离合器,其配置于连接所述驱动轮的输出传递轴和所述副轴之间,进行连接所述副轴和所述输出传递轴的连接状态和解除该连接的脱离状态之间的切换;以及
驱动切换离合器,其配置于所述主轴和所述输出传递轴之间,进行连接所述主轴和所述输出传递轴的连接状态和解除该连接的脱离状态之间的切换,
从而在所述输出离合器为脱离状态且所述驱动切换离合器为连接状态的直接连接模式下,所述动力传递装置不通过所述无级变速机构而向所述驱动轮传递发动机输出和马达输出中的至少一个输出。
2.如权利要求1所述的混合动力车辆的动力传递装置,其中,在所述输出离合器为连接状态并且所述驱动切换离合器为脱离状态的变速模式下,所述动力传递装置通过所述无级变速机构向所述驱动轮传递发动机输出和马达输出中的至少一个输出。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的混合动力车辆的动力传递装置,其中,所述马达输出是由电动马达输出的,所述电动马达具有所述马达输出轴且是发电马达,
在所述输出离合器为脱离状态并且所述驱动切换离合器为连接状态的直接连接模式下,所述电动马达由所述驱动轮驱动,来回收再生能源。
4.如权利要求1或2所述的混合动力车辆的动力传递装置,其中,所述主轴连接在所述马达输出轴的一端,所述驱动切换离合器连接在所述马达输出轴的另一端。
5.如权利要求1或2所述的混合动力车辆的动力传递装置,其中,所述马达输出轴连接在所述主轴的一端,所述驱动切换离合器连接在所述主轴的另一端。
6.如权利要求1或2所述的混合动力车辆的动力传递装置,其中,所述输出传递轴包括与所述马达输出轴同轴地连接于所述驱动切换离合器的分动轴。
7.如权利要求6所述的混合动力车辆的动力传递装置,其中,所述输出传递轴还包括通过分动离合器连接于所述分动轴从而向后轮传递动力的后轮输出轴。
8.如权利要求7所述的混合动力车辆的动力传递装置,其中,所述输出传递轴还包括连接于所述分动轴从而向前轮传递动力的前轮输出轴。
9.如权利要求6所述的混合动力车辆的动力传递装置,其中,所述驱动切换离合器包括安装在所述马达输出轴或所述主轴上的离合器毂和安装在所述分动轴上的离合器鼓,并在所述离合器毂和所述离合器鼓之间设有多个摩擦板。
10.如权利要求8所述的混合动力车辆的动力传递装置,其中,所述输出离合器包括安装在所述副轴的齿轮上的离合器毂和安装在所述前轮输出轴上的离合器鼓,并在所述离合器毂和所述离合器鼓之间设有离合器板。
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JP5841584B2 (ja) * | 2013-12-06 | 2016-01-13 | 富士重工業株式会社 | パワートレインの制御装置 |
US20150184728A1 (en) * | 2013-12-31 | 2015-07-02 | Avl Powertrain Engineering, Inc. | Automatic Transmission Having A Continuously Variable Transmission Assembly |
KR101565373B1 (ko) | 2014-03-21 | 2015-11-03 | 김경환 | 하이브리드 차량의 일체형 동력단속장치 |
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US9358971B2 (en) | 2016-06-07 |
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DE102012102146A1 (de) | 2012-09-20 |
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