CN102667300A - 用于储存加压的气体的设备 - Google Patents

用于储存加压的气体的设备 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN102667300A
CN102667300A CN2010800106576A CN201080010657A CN102667300A CN 102667300 A CN102667300 A CN 102667300A CN 2010800106576 A CN2010800106576 A CN 2010800106576A CN 201080010657 A CN201080010657 A CN 201080010657A CN 102667300 A CN102667300 A CN 102667300A
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China
Prior art keywords
equipment
gas
peak
container
jar
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CN2010800106576A
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English (en)
Inventor
托尔吉尔·纳肯
扬·舍林
莱夫·卡雷·格龙斯塔德
桑德拉·尼尔森
奥德·斯塔莱·特韦特
比若马尔·沃尔斯威克
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Equinor ASA
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Statoil ASA
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Publication of CN102667300A publication Critical patent/CN102667300A/zh
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C1/00—Pressure vessels, e.g. gas cylinder, gas tank, replaceable cartridge
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
    • F17C13/08—Mounting arrangements for vessels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
    • F17C13/08—Mounting arrangements for vessels
    • F17C13/084—Mounting arrangements for vessels for small-sized storage vessels, e.g. compressed gas cylinders or bottles, disposable gas vessels, vessels adapted for automotive use
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/03—Orientation
    • F17C2201/032—Orientation with substantially vertical main axis
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/03—Orientation
    • F17C2201/035—Orientation with substantially horizontal main axis
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
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    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
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    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
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    • F17C2205/0134—Two or more vessels characterised by the presence of fluid connection between vessels
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    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
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    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于储存加压的气体的设备，该设备包括内部圆筒形压力容器(1)，压力容器(1)包括管连接部(7)。根据本发明，该设备的特征在于，内部圆筒形压力容器(1)设置在外部容器(3)的内部，由此，在内部压力容器(1)和外部容器(3)之间形成大致的环形空间(2)，其中，内部压力容器(1)和外部容器(3)之间的环形空间(2)填充有流体，外部容器(3)在外部容器(3)的最高点(4、6)处或最高点(4、6)的附近还包括通气装置(5)。

Description

用于储存加压的气体的设备
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于储存加压的气体的储存设备/系统。该设备特别适用于储存压缩气态氢，并可连接到氢气燃料补给系统。本发明也可应用到例如碳氢化合物的其它气体，该碳氢化合物通常被储存以用于工业目的、用于为车辆加油或用于加热目的。
背景技术
通常，气态氢储存在各种尺寸的受压圆筒形罐(压力容器)内。这些筒体或者由钢制成，或者由包括气密衬套(通常为金属或塑料)和纤维封套的复合材料制成。通常，储存设备包括与气体管道(气体供给管道及气体排放管道)相互连接的若干单独的容器。通常，容器以矩形样式设置并由金属框架支撑，该金属框架将容器相对于彼此保持就位，并支撑整个一束容器或一叠容器。容器的轴线水平地(一叠或多叠)或竖直地(一束或多束)定向。
通常，储存设备放置在户外或地平面上方。有时容置在轻钢结构内或更坚固的混凝土结构内。可替代地，所述设备可以掩埋在地平面以下，以便提供改进的保护使其免受外部影响，比如避免邻近火源的辐射或由爆炸引起的破坏。将罐放置在地下可以节省空间，尤其在市区(即加油站)是这样。由于这使得对容器和互连的管道的检测非常困难并且需要昂贵的措施防止腐蚀(例如外部罐表面的涂层和/或安装用于保护阴极的牺牲阳极)，所以该替代方案很少使用。
泄露检测——尤其与未被覆盖的户外设备相结合的泄漏检测——是个主要的问题，这是由于少量泄露很快就会被稀释并且很难定位。其它已知的地下设备会允许气体泄露不受控制地渗透通过水池(basin)的顶部，因此这引起潜在风险并使泄露的检测更加困难。
为了克服检测被掩埋容器所涉及的困难而同时维持安全特征，在NL-C-1001796中提出了一种用于储存液体或气态碳氢化合物的系统。容器浸没在填充有比如水的液体的水池中。因此，保护容器免受外部影响，比如火源和爆炸，同时通过降低水池中的水平面，可以容易地检测容器。可选择地，水池的顶部可以用木头、钢或混凝土元件覆盖。
然而，所述系统使气体泄露检测困难。所述系统会允许气体泄露不受控制地渗透通过水池的顶部，因此这引起未检测的爆炸性气体混合物的潜在风险。
由本申请人提交的WO2006/088378A1描述了一种设备，该设备包括至少一个水池，该水池填充有液体；一个或多个压力容器，该压力容器位于所述水池内以储存所述气体，压力容器包括连接到气体供应处和气体排放网络的连接部和互联管道；锚定系统，该锚定系统用于支撑所述容器；在下侧6上具有倾斜表面的盖，所述盖用于覆盖所述水池，所述盖会将在所述水池内发生任何气体泄露导向通气孔并通过通气孔；以及位于所述通气孔内的至少一个气体检测装置。
WO2006/088378A1提供了一种用于储存加压的气体的设备，该设备允许及时检测非常少量的气体泄露，这提高了优于前述地下储存系统的设备的安全性，由于覆盖区域的大部分可以用于其他目的，因此该设备需要比传统设备更小的区域，并产生用于气体的更均匀的储存温度。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供用于储存气体的进一步改进的技术，尤其是关于安全、早期泄露检测、节省成本和简化维修的技术。
根据本发明，通过根据权利要求1的特征性描述所述的气体储存设备/系统实现这些目的和其他目的。在从属权利要求中描述了更有利的实施例和特征。
根据本发明的气体储存系统包括套罐构造，其中，内罐设置为容纳气体，外罐设置为提供流体填充环状空间。该构造提供了优于WO2006/088378A1中提供的方案的多个优点：
●外罐和流体填充环状空间提供了附加的安全屏障，
●所需液体的容量最小化(低成本、改进的温度控制、降低的环境风险)，
●用于检测和维修的可接近性被进一步地改善，
●将整个储存分成较小的子模块提高了安全性，
●在使用标准的设计元件的同时允许更灵活的模块设计。
附图说明
现将参照附图举例说明本发明，其中：
图1是示出本发明的一个实施例的俯视图，
图2a是示出本发明的包括“隆起部”的另一实施例的俯视图，
图2b是示出本发明的包括“成角度的装置”的另一实施例的俯视图，
图2c是示出本发明的包括“直立设置”的另一实施例的俯视图，
图3是示出组合体(bank)实施例的俯视图，以及
图4是示出另一组合体实施例的俯视图。
具体实施方式
现参照图1，加压罐1以套罐构造容纳在围罐3内。环形或环绕空间2设置在加压罐1和围罐3之间，并且该环形或环绕空间2填充有适当的流体。流体可以是水、乙二醇或具有适当特性——比如惰性、稳定形、吸收气体的能力等——的任何其它适当的流体。流体也可以具有适当的化合物或添加剂，以便允许改变流体的颜色、增强或降低流体的传导性或其它可能有助于气体检测装置检测气体泄露的特性。
由于根据本发明仅在内罐和外罐之间的环隙或空间2中填充流体，所以逸出的可燃气体与空气或某些其它气体之间的接触仅出现在预先限定的通气区域4，该通气区域4装配有通气管5和气体检测装置。这极大地降低了未经检测的爆炸气体混合物的风险，并使在包括两个或多个单独罐的构造中定位泄露容器变得容易。
每个罐包括通过环绕空间2和围罐3从加压罐1伸出的连接件7。该连接件7用于给罐填充加压气体并在随后根据需要排出气体。
该套罐构造有效地保护每个储存容器不受外部的影响，比如邻近火源的辐射、外部爆炸的冲击或涉及车辆和/或其它移动物体的碰撞。
根据本发明的一个实施例，一个或多个单独罐和/或罐的组合体位于地下设备内，其中，每个单独罐包括套罐构造。在由于大量泄漏引起的推力所造成的气体容纳装备爆炸或加速的情形下，与地上设备相比，对附近建筑物、装备和人们造成的破坏程度大大降低，这是由于水平冲击被储存室壁和周围的土体抑制。给定的气体储存体积所需的区域相比于地上设备大大减小。
本发明的另一特征是在套罐构造的内罐和外罐之间的环状空间内提供气体收集空间/点和通气系统。所容纳的气体将比容纳在罐之间的环状空间内的流体轻，并且在泄露的情形下，逸出的气体将会移动到环状空间内的最高点4。通过在水平定位的罐(图2a)的环形空间2内的靠近该最高点4的位置处设置“隆起部”或收集腔6，将罐(图2b)轻微地倾斜角度B，或甚至将罐提升至竖直位置(图2c)，由此泄露气体将会移动通过流体并收集在最高点4处。如果罐设置在水平位置，收集腔6可以设置在围罐3的顶部附近的任何地方。通气装置5设置在该气体收集点4处，优选与设置在沿通气装置5的某处的气体检测设备结合。通过为每个单独罐或罐的组合体8、9设置气体检测设备(未示出)，泄露可快速并容易地检测出，由此，可以仅仅对单独罐或罐的组合体采取保护措施，而不必关闭储存在例如地下储存设施的储存设施内的所有罐。
根据本发明的另一实施例，可以提供内部或外部热交换装置(未示出)以控制环绕空间2内流体的温度，流体的温度可以用于有效地降低气体温度，由此允许减少填加时间等等。“内部”热交换装置是指热交换装置设置在单独罐内侧某处，或可能设置在单独罐的外侧上，而“外部”热交换装置是指热交换装置定位成较为远离单独的罐或多个罐。在涉及使用多个单独罐或罐的组合体8、9的某些应用中，明显有利的是，能够单独地控制每个罐或罐的组合体8、9的温度。
根据本发明的一个实施例，设置在加压罐1和围罐3之间的环形或环绕空间2内的流体可以包括气体。该气体可以是惰性气体，比如N2。该实施例将需要使用半透膜(未示出)或类似物，其设置在最高点4、“隆起部”和/或收集腔6附近，所述膜构成惰性气体与最高点4、“隆起部”和/或收集腔6之间的分界。可以根据膜的能够阻止惰性气体比如氮气从一个方向渗透进入膜，并阻止氧气和其它空气气体从另一方向渗透进入膜，同时允许泄露的储存加压气体通过膜的能力来选择膜。一旦泄露的储存加压气体渗透通过膜并到达最高点4、“隆起部”和/或收集腔6，则检测装置将会检测泄露的储存加压气体的升高的水平。
根据本发明，两个或多个单独罐可以组合并连接在一起，由此形成组合体8、9，如图3所示，其中，单独罐保持单独的通气系统5和检测系统，或者可替代地，罐的组合体8、9形成具有共同的通气系统5和检测系统的单独单元，如图4所示。在该情形下，连接件7被置于一起并互相连接，从而对组合体8、9作为更大罐来整体填充和关闭。该构造的一个优点是通过使类似单元模块化可以获得更大的储存容量，避免了对多个生产线、不同的生产方法等等的需要。这使结构能够具有足够大的储存容量，同时仍确保容易地检测出单独罐或罐的组合体8、9中一个的气体泄露。由于其便于定位泄露，该特征在安全和维修方面是重要的。一旦泄露被定位，可以对泄露的罐或罐的组合体8、9进行隔离和修理，而在共同储存设施内的其余罐仍执行其正常的功能。这消除或减少了时间并便于维修和修理。
图3中所示的罐的组合体8包括组合在一起并形成更大的储存罐的多个单独套罐单元。为每个单独罐单独地设置通气系统5和检测系统，同时，连接件7相互连接。如果在单独罐中的一个检测出泄露，那么泄露罐可以隔离并移除，而不影响其余罐的组合体的功能。在适当的时候，泄露的罐可以由具有完全功能的罐所替换，由此恢复完全的储存容量。
图4中所示的罐的组合体9包括容纳在一个共同围罐3内的多个单独加压罐1。通气/检测装置和连接件7都互相连接。如果加压罐1中的一个发生泄露，这将影响到整个组合体，因为没有办法得知单独加压罐1中的哪个发生了泄露。将整个组合体隔离后，共同围罐内的泄露的加压罐在组合体9重新工作之前必须进行定位和修理。

Claims (14)

1.用于储存加压的气体的设备，所述设备包括内部圆筒形压力容器(1)，所述压力容器(1)包括管连接部(7)，
其特征在于，所述内部圆筒形压力容器(1)设置在外部容器(3)的内部，由此，在所述内部压力容器(1)和所述外部容器(3)之间形成大致为环形空间(2)，其中，所述内部压力容器(1)和所述外部容器(3)之间的所述环形空间(2)填充有流体，所述外部容器(3)在所述外部容器(3)的最高点(4、6)处或所述最高点(4、6)的附近还包括通气装置(5)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的设备，其特征在于，所述外部容器(3)在所述外部容器(3)还包括检测装置，该检测装置在所述最高点(4、6)处或所述最高点(4、6)的附近，或者与所述通气装置(5)连接。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的设备，其特征在于，所述设备包括内部热交换装置或外部热交换装置。
4.根据权利要求1所述的设备，其特征在于，所述设备在所述外部容器(3)的所述最高点(4)处或所述最高点(4)的附近包括气体收集腔(6)。
5.根据权利要求1所述的设备，其特征在于，所述设备定位成相对于水平面成角度(B)。
6.根据权利要求5所述的设备，其特征在于，所述角度(B)处于0-90°之间。
7.根据权利要求6所述的设备，其特征在于，所述角度(B)处于1-25°之间。
8.根据权利要求1所述的设备，其特征在于，所述设备定位在竖直位置，即相对于水平面成90°的角度(B)。
9.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的设备，其特征在于，所述设备与一个或多个其他类似设备设置在一起，由此形成组合体(8、9)，其中，每个设备的所述管连接部(7)以并联、串联或者并联与串联的组合方式连接，而每个设备保持单独的通气装置(5)和/或检测装置。
10.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的设备，其特征在于，所述流体包括液体。
11.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的设备，其特征在于，所述流体包括气体。
12.根据权利要求11所述的设备，其特征在于，在所述最高点(4)和/或收集腔(6)附近设置有半渗透膜或类似物，所述膜构成惰性气体与所述最高点(4)和/或所述收集腔(6)之间的边界。
13.根据权利要求12所述的设备，其特征在于，所述膜是根据其阻止所述流体沿一个方向渗透所述膜、并阻止氧气和其它空气气体沿另一个方向渗透所述膜、而允许泄露的储存加压气体通过所述膜的能力而进行选择的。
14.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的设备，其特征在于，所述设备定位在地面或地面以下的位置，例如定位在地下储存设施内。
CN2010800106576A 2009-03-03 2010-02-26 用于储存加压的气体的设备 Pending CN102667300A (zh)

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EP2404102A1 (en) 2012-01-11
NO331791B1 (no) 2012-04-02
US20120132656A1 (en) 2012-05-31
KR20110134423A (ko) 2011-12-14
JP2012519810A (ja) 2012-08-30
EA201171101A1 (ru) 2012-02-28

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