CN102666787A - 用于补偿“热回收”焦炉的烟气焓损失的方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种用于补偿“热回收”焦炉的烟气焓损失的方法,其中将多个焦炉室组合成一个焦炉库,并且所述焦炉库经由一个烟气通道或经由多个烟气通道与一个或多个锅炉连接,其中通过移除焦饼的方式周期性地中断焦炉室的运行,并且在中断运行期间,利用至少一个外部点火的附加燃烧器使所述各个焦炉室保温,从而即使在中断运行期间也供应来自所述附加燃烧器的烟气的热烟气,并且通过至少一个附加补偿燃烧器补偿与正常运行相比减少的热流,所述附加补偿燃烧器位于焦炉室之外,从而为所述锅炉供以与正常运行相比不变的热流。通过这种方式可以经济地运行典型用于产生蒸汽的锅炉。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于补偿“热回收”焦炉的烟气焓损失的方法,这些“热回收”焦炉从在炼焦期间所产生的烟气获得蒸汽或热水,其中各焦炉室运行一定时间可以中断,从而焦炉室不含或含少量的焦炭,并且通过附加燃烧器避免各焦炉室的不期望的变冷,各附加燃烧器在运行中断期间进一步对各焦炉室进行加热,其中通过位于各焦炉室之外的至少一个另外的补偿燃烧器平衡在烟气中减少的热量,从而为各锅炉供以不变的热量。
背景技术
循环地运行各焦炉室,这意味着,循环地对各焦炉进行装载,对煤进行加热以产生焦炭,并且在炼焦之后将成品焦炭从焦炉室挤出以用于使用。通常发生的是,在挤出焦炭之后,不立即再次对各焦炉进行装载,因为或者不具有存储容量,或者生产必须匹配于需求。由此,各焦炉室一定时间是空的或者仅仅以减小的焦炭量进行装载。在此必须避免各焦炉室变冷,因为这会损害各焦炉室的结构材料。而且各焦炉室的再加热也浪费能源并且因此非常昂贵。
原则上存在的可能性的是,设计具有外部加热的燃烧器的焦炉室,从而各焦炉室在运行中断或延迟持续期间不变冷。然而,由此经常产生具有显著较低温度的烟气。这是有问题的,因为各焦炉室的烟气在各焦炉室的“热回收”实施形式中在所谓的锅炉中被用于生产蒸汽或热水。如果烟气的温度受到偏离各炉的正常运行的波动,那么所述锅炉可能不再经济地运行。在各焦炉室中的附加燃烧器的容量经常不足以用于对在烟气通道中的烟气进行进一步加热。
在现有技术中已知用于加热在各焦炉室中的烟气的方法。US4045299 A描述了一种焦炉室的配置,焦炉室具有侧面的焦炉室壁、前面的焦炉室门、在盖中的装载开口和一个焦炉室底部,将用于炼焦的煤饼装载到该焦炉室底部上。二次空气炉底位于该底部下方,这些二次空气炉底经由焦炉室侧面中的通道与在焦饼上方的煤气室相连接。二次空气炉底又与装备有外部加热的燃烧器的加热室相连接,由此可以使在焦化气中的未燃烧的剩余气体在其被送入空气预热器之前完全燃烧。可以按需要为加热室供以来自焦饼上方的煤气室的焦化气,从而使烟气始终完全燃烧并且设有适合于烟气燃烧的温度。然而,该结构仅适合于“非回收”焦炉并且必须连续运行,以确保烟气的相应高的温度。没有描述获得蒸汽和确保烟气的温度不变的可能性。
发明内容
因此,本发明的任务在于提供一种方法,该方法在各焦炉室运行中断期间提供具有不变的高温度的烟气以生产蒸汽或热水并且同时防止各焦炉室的不期望的变冷。
本发明通过至少一个补偿燃烧器解决该任务,该补偿燃烧器设置在焦炉室之外,该补偿燃烧器将加热的烟气引入到烟气通道中,从而可以通过附加输送的烟气补偿通过各焦炉室的按照计划的或非按照计划的运行中断所产生的热焓损失。由此,在各锅炉中提供了具有始终不变温度的烟气,从而锅炉可以经济地运行。
可以将所述补偿燃烧器设置在焦炉室之外的任意位置。然而,优选的是,将其设置在各锅炉中的烟气分配器附近的入口之前。
特别是要求一种用于补偿“热回收”焦炉的烟气焓损失的方法,其中:
·将多个焦炉室连接成一个焦炉库,所述焦炉室与至少一个锅炉相连接,所述锅炉利用来自焦炉库的热烟气,以生产蒸汽或热水,和
·周期性地中断所述焦炉室的运行,其中通过从所述焦炉室移除焦炭的方式,和
·在正常运行中将焦化气用于通过与空气一起燃烧加热焦饼和提供用于炼焦所需的热,从而产生热烟气,和
·在按照计划或非按照计划中断运行期间,利用至少一个外部点火的附加燃烧器使所述各个焦炉室保温,从而即使在中断或延迟运行期间也供应来自所述附加燃烧器的烟气的热烟气,并且其特征在于,
·通过至少一个附加补偿燃烧器补偿与正常运行相比减少的热流,所述补偿燃烧器位于所述焦炉室之外,从而为所述锅炉供以与正常运行相比不变的热流。
典型的是,在中断或延迟运行时在所谓的保温运行中在所述焦炉室之外没有附加补偿燃烧器的情况下,将所述烟气的热流减小直至50%。但是,这仅仅是一个标准值。其起因在于,各焦炉室中的附加燃烧器的容量经常不足以使烟气不变地保持高温。各补偿燃烧器在一种优选的实施形式中设置在位于锅炉之前的烟气分配器之前。
根据所述补偿燃烧器的实施形式,将所述烟气的热流恢复到正常运行的热流的100%或将近100%。这时间上恒定地实现。根据实施形式可以自动地依赖于温度传感器调节补偿燃烧器的功率。
优选的是,利用一种含碳氢化合物的燃料使在焦炉室之外的所述补偿燃烧器运行。该在一种优选的实施形式中是天然气。但是,在依据本发明的方法的一种实施形式中,也可以利用焦炉煤气使所述附加补偿燃烧器运行。在依据本发明的方法的另一种实施形式中,也可以利用汽化的液态碳氢化合物或汽化的含碳氢化合物的燃料使所述附加补偿燃烧器运行。在所述方法的另一种实施形式中,也可以利用液化气使所述附加补偿燃烧器运行。在此示例性地涉及所谓的LPG(“液化石油气”或“低压气”)。这种气体既可以通过压力也可以通过降低温度来保持液态。
典型的是,所述烟气的热流或焓用于通过所述锅炉产生蒸汽。所述蒸汽随后用于产生电流。
在本发明的一种实施形式中,将所述补偿燃烧器直接设置在所述锅炉之前。在另一种实施形式中,将一个可锁闭的紧急烟囱设置在烟气集管与所述锅炉之间,可锁闭的紧急烟囱具有一个闭锁装置。随后所述附加补偿燃烧器直接设置在所述紧急烟囱之前。最后,在另一种实施形式中,所述补偿燃烧器在用于烟气的排出通道中设置在焦炉与锅炉之间。补偿燃烧器可以以关于各补偿燃烧器的配置的任意的数目和任意的组合存在。
本发明的优点在于,提供一种方法,该方法在各焦炉室运行中断期间提供具有不变的高温度的烟气并且同时防止各焦炉室的不期望的变冷。由此,锅炉可以经济地运行。
附图说明
借助两个附图对本发明进行进一步阐明,其中附图仅示例性地描述了本发明的实施形式。
具体实施方式
图1示出了四个焦炉室1的配置,这四个焦炉室组合成一个焦炉库2。这些焦炉室1配备有附加燃烧器3。焦炉室1在挤出焦饼之后是空的。就是说,热烟气4被导入到烟气通道5中,该烟气通道经由一个共同的烟气通道6最终导入锅炉7中。共同的烟气通道6可以在锅炉7之前配备有一个烟气分配器8。热烟气4在锅炉7中用于产生蒸汽,蒸汽又被用于产生电9。必须为锅炉7供以在整个时间上都具有不变温度的烟气4。依据本发明,在共同的烟气通道6处在烟气分配器8之前现在设置一个补偿燃烧器10,该补偿燃烧器将附加的烟气输送到共同的烟气通道6中。经冷却的废气11在流过锅炉7之后被排出。
图2示出了四个焦炉室1的相同的配置,这四个焦炉室1组合成一个焦炉库2。热烟气4被导入到烟气通道5中,该烟气通道经由一个共同的烟气通道6最终导入锅炉7中。共同的烟气通道6在锅炉7之前配备有一个紧急烟囱12,在补偿燃烧器10a-c运行时,该紧急烟囱借助一个适合的装置12a可锁闭。在此补偿燃烧器不仅10a设置在紧急烟囱12之前,而且10b还直接设置在锅炉7之前,还有10c设置在用于废气11的排出通道5上,该排出通道将附加的烟气输送到共同的烟气通道6中。经冷却的废气11在流过锅炉7之后被排出。
附图标记表
1 焦炉室
2 焦炉库
3 附加燃烧器
4 热烟气
5 烟气通道
6 共同的烟气通道
7 锅炉
8 烟气分配器
9 电
10 一个补偿燃烧器
10a-c 多个补偿燃烧器
11 用于废气的排出通道
12 紧急烟囱
12a 用于紧急烟囱的锁闭装置
Claims (11)
1.用于补偿热回收焦炉的烟气焓损失的方法,其中
·将多个焦炉室(1)连接成一个焦炉库(2),所述焦炉室与至少一个锅炉(7)相连接,所述锅炉利用来自焦炉库(2)的热烟气(4),以产生蒸汽或热水,和
·通过从所述焦炉室(1)移除焦炭的方式周期性地中断所述焦炉室(1)的运行,和
·在正常运行中将焦化气用于通过与空气一起燃烧加热焦饼和提供用于炼焦所需的热,从而产生热烟气(4),和
·在按照计划或非按照计划中断运行期间,利用至少一个外部点火的附加燃烧器(3)使所述各个焦炉室(1)保温,从而即使在中断或延迟运行期间也供应来自所述附加燃烧器(3)的烟气的热烟气(4),
其特征在于,
·通过至少一个附加补偿燃烧器(3)补偿与正常运行相比减少的热流,所述补偿燃烧器位于所述焦炉室之外,从而为所述锅炉供以与正常运行相比不变的热流。
2.根据权利要求1所述的用于补偿“热回收”焦炉的烟气焓损失的方法,其特征在于,在中断或延迟运行时在焦炉室(1)之外没有附加补偿燃烧器(3)的情况下,将所述烟气(4)的热流减小直至50%。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的用于补偿“热回收”焦炉的烟气焓损失的方法,其特征在于,通过在所述焦炉室(1)之外的附加补偿燃烧器(3)将所述烟气(4)的热流时间上恒定地恢复到正常运行的热流的100%或将近100%。
4.根据权利要求1至3之一所述的用于补偿“热回收”焦炉的烟气焓损失的方法,其特征在于,利用一种含碳氢化合物的燃料使在焦炉室(1)之外的所述附加补偿燃烧器(3)运行。
5.根据权利要求4所述的用于补偿“热回收”焦炉的烟气焓损失的方法,其特征在于,利用天然气使在焦炉室(1)之外的所述附加补偿燃烧器(3)运行。
6.根据权利要求4所述的用于补偿“热回收”焦炉的烟气焓损失的方法,其特征在于,利用焦炉煤气使在焦炉室(1)之外的所述附加补偿燃烧器(3)运行。
7.根据权利要求4所述的用于补偿“热回收”焦炉的烟气焓损失的方法,其特征在于,利用液化气运行使在焦炉室(1)之外的所述附加补偿燃烧器(3)运行。
8.根据权利要求1至7之一所述的用于补偿“热回收”焦炉的烟气焓损失的方法,其特征在于,所述烟气(4)的热流用于通过所述锅炉(7)产生蒸汽,并且所述蒸汽用于产生电流(9)。
9.根据权利要求1至8之一所述的用于补偿“热回收”焦炉的烟气焓损失的方法,其特征在于,将所述附加补偿燃烧器(3)直接设置在所述锅炉(7)之前。
10.根据权利要求1至8之一所述的用于补偿“热回收”焦炉的烟气焓损失的方法,其特征在于,将一个可锁闭的紧急烟囱(12)设置在烟气集管(6)与所述锅炉(7)之间,并且将所述附加补偿燃烧器(3)直接设置在所述紧急烟囱(12)之前。
11.根据权利要求1至10之一所述的用于补偿“热回收”焦炉的烟气焓损失的方法,其特征在于,将所述附加补偿燃烧器(3)在烟气通道(5)中设置在炉(1)与锅炉(7)之间。
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DE102009052282A DE102009052282B4 (de) | 2009-11-09 | 2009-11-09 | Verfahren zur Kompensation von Abgasenthalpieverlusten von Heat-Recovery-Koksöfen |
PCT/EP2010/005919 WO2011054421A1 (de) | 2009-11-09 | 2010-09-29 | Verfahren zur kompensation von rauchgasenthalpieverlusten von "heat-recovery"-koksöfen |
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WO2011054421A1 (de) | 2011-05-12 |
BR112012010757A2 (pt) | 2019-09-24 |
AR078764A1 (es) | 2011-11-30 |
EP2499215A1 (de) | 2012-09-19 |
NZ599531A (en) | 2014-08-29 |
EA201290271A1 (ru) | 2012-12-28 |
DE102009052282A1 (de) | 2011-05-12 |
ZA201203661B (en) | 2013-01-30 |
AU2010314506A1 (en) | 2012-04-19 |
CA2775992A1 (en) | 2011-05-12 |
CL2012001204A1 (es) | 2012-08-10 |
CO6551715A2 (es) | 2012-10-31 |
DE102009052282B4 (de) | 2012-11-29 |
KR20120120162A (ko) | 2012-11-01 |
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