CN1026666C - 循环流化床反应器中控制存料粒度分布的方法 - Google Patents

循环流化床反应器中控制存料粒度分布的方法 Download PDF

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CN1026666C
CN1026666C CN89104842A CN89104842A CN1026666C CN 1026666 C CN1026666 C CN 1026666C CN 89104842 A CN89104842 A CN 89104842A CN 89104842 A CN89104842 A CN 89104842A CN 1026666 C CN1026666 C CN 1026666C
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迈克尔·杰拉德·阿里斯顿
肯尼思·艾伯特·里德
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23CMETHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C10/00Fluidised bed combustion apparatus
    • F23C10/18Details; Accessories
    • F23C10/24Devices for removal of material from the bed
    • F23C10/26Devices for removal of material from the bed combined with devices for partial reintroduction of material into the bed, e.g. after separation of agglomerated parts
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J8/00Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
    • B01J8/18Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with fluidised particles
    • B01J8/1809Controlling processes
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J8/00Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
    • B01J8/18Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with fluidised particles
    • B01J8/24Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with fluidised particles according to "fluidised-bed" technique
    • B01J8/26Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with fluidised particles according to "fluidised-bed" technique with two or more fluidised beds, e.g. reactor and regeneration installations
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23CMETHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C10/00Fluidised bed combustion apparatus
    • F23C10/005Fluidised bed combustion apparatus comprising two or more beds
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23CMETHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C10/00Fluidised bed combustion apparatus
    • F23C10/02Fluidised bed combustion apparatus with means specially adapted for achieving or promoting a circulating movement of particles within the bed or for a recirculation of particles entrained from the bed
    • F23C10/04Fluidised bed combustion apparatus with means specially adapted for achieving or promoting a circulating movement of particles within the bed or for a recirculation of particles entrained from the bed the particles being circulated to a section, e.g. a heat-exchange section or a return duct, at least partially shielded from the combustion zone, before being reintroduced into the combustion zone
    • F23C10/08Fluidised bed combustion apparatus with means specially adapted for achieving or promoting a circulating movement of particles within the bed or for a recirculation of particles entrained from the bed the particles being circulated to a section, e.g. a heat-exchange section or a return duct, at least partially shielded from the combustion zone, before being reintroduced into the combustion zone characterised by the arrangement of separation apparatus, e.g. cyclones, for separating particles from the flue gases
    • F23C10/10Fluidised bed combustion apparatus with means specially adapted for achieving or promoting a circulating movement of particles within the bed or for a recirculation of particles entrained from the bed the particles being circulated to a section, e.g. a heat-exchange section or a return duct, at least partially shielded from the combustion zone, before being reintroduced into the combustion zone characterised by the arrangement of separation apparatus, e.g. cyclones, for separating particles from the flue gases the separation apparatus being located outside the combustion chamber
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2208/00Processes carried out in the presence of solid particles; Reactors therefor
    • B01J2208/00008Controlling the process
    • B01J2208/00654Controlling the process by measures relating to the particulate material
    • B01J2208/00672Particle size selection
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23CMETHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C2206/00Fluidised bed combustion
    • F23C2206/10Circulating fluidised bed
    • F23C2206/101Entrained or fast fluidised bed

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Fluidized-Bed Combustion And Resonant Combustion (AREA)
  • Devices And Processes Conducted In The Presence Of Fluids And Solid Particles (AREA)
  • Air Transport Of Granular Materials (AREA)

Abstract

控制流化床反应器中粒度分布的方法:向由粒度变化的物料及燃料组成的主流化床通入空气,使之流化并燃烧,将一部分颗粒排出到辅助床,向辅助床通入空气使之流化并携带出一部分细粒,将从辅助床排出的物料送回主床。变化通入辅助床空气速度即改变携带出的细粒量,从而能控制主床中的物料粒度。

Description

本发明涉及流化床反应器控制操作方法,更具体讲是循环流化床反应器中控制积存固体粒度分布的方法。
流化床反应器久已公知,它们是把空气通过包括化石燃料例如煤以及燃煤时所生成硫化合物的吸收剂所构成的颗粒物料床,从而使该床流化,并于较低温度将燃料燃烧。
最典型的流化床燃烧是应用所谓的“沸腾”流化床,在此床中是由一个空气分布板支持着一个流化床,床中包括燃料和燃料燃烧所生成硫化合物的吸收剂,助燃用空气通过分布板而通入,使物料膨胀并处于悬浮或流化状态。
在以提高燃烧效率、防止排放物污染和操作弹性为目的所作的长期努力中,出现了一种“循环”流化床,在这种床中,流化物料的密度比沸腾流化床更低。通过使用较小粒度颗粒和加大固体物循环量,使其密度低。这样就使该流化床对于燃料热量释出方式不敏感,因此使反应器内温度变化最小。与沸腾流化床相比,由于该吸收剂和燃料颗粒停留时间增长的结果,使吸收剂和燃料耗用量减小,结果可改善操作弹性。
在这类循环床中,若能控制流化床中颗粒物料粒度分布,则是一项优点。固体物料一经供入流化床之后,必须能通过一种能影响粒度分布的可控系统参数,间接地控制其颗粒分布。由于大多数对所存留颗粒物料有影响的系统参数是按系统的要求预先确定的,故必须在该系统中找到或是给该系统增加一个具足够弹性的操作参数。不言而喻,固体颗粒物的特点是可以将其粒度分布分为三部分:细、中间和粗颗粒。较细颗粒一般要通过分离器不被留下,而较粗颗粒将通过床的排放口而排出。
中间颗粒与粗颗粒将积聚在床中,直至其粒度分布等于为中间颗粒与粗颗粒排放所要求的分布为止。对床中粒度分布的控制将包括使得该床中分布不同于对排放物料所要求的分布。因此,控制粒度分布的根本问题在于能使较粗和中间粒度物料的分布成为这样的情况,使得床中粒度分布并不决定排出物料的粒度分布。
本发明的目的是提供一种控制循环流化床反应器中物料粒度分布的方法。
本发明的目的还包括提供一种同上类型的方法,其中床中存料的粒度分布是与排出物料的粒度分布无关。
本发明的目的还包括提供一种同上类型的方法,其中提供一个辅助流化床,此床中通过排出物料,并将其中的中间和细粒度物料吹出。
本发明的目的还包括提供一种同上类型的方法,其中由该辅助流化床吹出的中间和细粒度物料是返回到主反应器中。
为了达到上述各目的,要准备一个主流化床,床中包括具不同粒度的颗粒物料。向此床中通入空气,使物料流化,并促进燃料的燃烧,并使较粗粒度物料从此床排出而进入辅助床。向辅助床中通入空气,空气速度应足以使辅助床中的粗粒度物料流化,并能将一部分中间及细粒度物料携带而出。然后空气连同它所携带的中间及细粒度物料从辅助床出来,进入主流化床。向辅助床中通入的空气速度是可变的,从而改变所携带出的中间和细粒度物料的量,从而能控制主流化床中物料的粒度。
关于以上对本发明的简述、各项目的、特点和优点,可通过下文中对本发明优选和阐示性实施方案的详细描述,并参照附图而得到更全面了解。附图是按本发明方法控制的流化床的示意图。
参照附图,10是流化床反应器,其中有空气分布栅板12,12安装在容器14中,用以支持流化床,床中颗粒物料的粒度分布可变并包括燃料。14中有一段空间15,是在栅板12之下,此空间是接受外来(未示出)空气,并且其速度足以使容器内的颗粒物料流化,并促进燃料燃烧。补充燃料通过入口管16送入,排至流化床中。在容器14中,空气与气态燃烧产物借助于对流作用而上升,同时携带出流化床中较细颗粒,然后气固混合物通过出口管而排出,通至旋风分离器20。分离器20以常规方式起作用,将携带出的固体颗粒与空气和燃烧气体产物分开,混合气从出口管22排出,去进一步加工。
分离出来的颗粒落到20的下部,通过管24而排出到常规式压力密封装置26。固体物通过26排出,经过管28返回到容器14内部,进入流化床。
在容器14附近设一个辅助容器30,其内有空气分布栅板32。由排放管34将14与30连通,并且管端对准14的栅板12并且开口通入其内,并伸入将14中恰在栅板32上面。将具有容器14中流化床粒度分布的颗粒物料通过管34排出,进入容器30。将外来(未示出)空气送入容器30中栅板32之下,并使积于32之上的颗粒物料流化。通过板32所引入空气的速度经过小心控制,于是预定的一部分较细颗粒被空气携带向上通过容器30。
从容器30上部引出出口管36,通至容器14的下部,以便将所携带的颗粒物料从30送返回到容器14,排到其中的流化床中。从容器30接出出口管38,用于从30排出较粗颗粒和一切余留的较细颗粒。
由此可见,在改变引入容器30的空气流化速度时,在容器30中被携带出并送回到容器14流化床中的较细颗粒的量是可以控制的。因此,随着引入容器30的空气速度加快,使容器14的流化床中的粒度变得更细;而若将引入容器30的空气速度减慢,则容器14中物料粒度分布变得更粗。结果使容器14中的粒度分布得到控制。

Claims (1)

1、一种控制循环流化床反应器中粒度分布的方法,包括以下步骤:
(a)建立一个粒度变化并包含燃料颗粒物料的主流化床;
(b)向所述床中通入空气,使所述物料流化并促进所述燃料燃烧;
(c)向所述床中加入补充物料;
(d)从所述床排出较粗粒度部分的所述颗粒物料,并送入一个辅助床中;
(e)向所述辅助床送入空气,空气速度足以使所述颗粒物料流化,并将所述颗粒物料的较细粒度部分的颗粒携带而出;
(f)将所述空所和所述被携带的较细粒度部分颗粒送回到所述主床;
(g)变化通入所述辅助床中的空气速度,以改变所述被携带细粒度部分的量;
从而能控制所述主床中的物料粒度。
CN89104842A 1988-07-14 1989-07-12 循环流化床反应器中控制存料粒度分布的方法 Expired - Lifetime CN1026666C (zh)

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US07/218,771 US4829912A (en) 1988-07-14 1988-07-14 Method for controlling the particulate size distributions of the solids inventory in a circulating fluidized bed reactor

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PT91149A (pt) 1990-02-08
US4829912A (en) 1989-05-16
JPH0553693B2 (zh) 1993-08-10
PT91149B (pt) 1996-01-31
CA1288638C (en) 1991-09-10
CN1039363A (zh) 1990-02-07
EP0353874A1 (en) 1990-02-07

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