CN102649915A - 气化装置中使用的泵及该泵的耐磨性的方法 - Google Patents

气化装置中使用的泵及该泵的耐磨性的方法 Download PDF

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CN102649915A
CN102649915A CN2011101556355A CN201110155635A CN102649915A CN 102649915 A CN102649915 A CN 102649915A CN 2011101556355 A CN2011101556355 A CN 2011101556355A CN 201110155635 A CN201110155635 A CN 201110155635A CN 102649915 A CN102649915 A CN 102649915A
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Prior art keywords
pump
coating
raw material
ion implantation
shell
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CN102649915B (zh
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朱迪丝.科丽
詹姆斯.斯托利
郭明虎
陈卫
曾才
赵利德
史蒂文.罗素
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Air Products and Chemicals Inc
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General Electric Co
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Priority to CN201110155635.5A priority Critical patent/CN102649915B/zh
Priority to US13/404,088 priority patent/US9909217B2/en
Priority to IN547DE2012 priority patent/IN2012DE00547A/en
Priority to KR1020120019792A priority patent/KR101869564B1/ko
Priority to JP2012039534A priority patent/JP6114497B2/ja
Priority to AU2012201138A priority patent/AU2012201138B2/en
Publication of CN102649915A publication Critical patent/CN102649915A/zh
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C30/00—Coating with metallic material characterised only by the composition of the metallic material, i.e. not characterised by the coating process
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D7/00—Pumps adapted for handling specific fluids, e.g. by selection of specific materials for pumps or pump parts
    • F04D7/02—Pumps adapted for handling specific fluids, e.g. by selection of specific materials for pumps or pump parts of centrifugal type
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/02—Fixed-bed gasification of lump fuel
    • C10J3/20—Apparatus; Plants
    • C10J3/30—Fuel charging devices
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/46—Gasification of granular or pulverulent flues in suspension
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/46—Gasification of granular or pulverulent flues in suspension
    • C10J3/48—Apparatus; Plants
    • C10J3/50—Fuel charging devices
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
    • C23C14/06—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the coating material
    • C23C14/14—Metallic material, boron or silicon
    • C23C14/16—Metallic material, boron or silicon on metallic substrates or on substrates of boron or silicon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
    • C23C14/22—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the process of coating
    • C23C14/48—Ion implantation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
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    • C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
    • C23C14/58—After-treatment
    • C23C14/5846—Reactive treatment
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
    • C23C14/58—After-treatment
    • C23C14/5846—Reactive treatment
    • C23C14/586—Nitriding
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    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
    • C23C8/02—Pretreatment of the material to be coated
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    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
    • C23C8/06—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases
    • C23C8/08—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases only one element being applied
    • C23C8/20—Carburising
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    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
    • C23C8/06—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases
    • C23C8/08—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases only one element being applied
    • C23C8/20—Carburising
    • C23C8/22—Carburising of ferrous surfaces
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    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
    • C23C8/06—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases
    • C23C8/08—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases only one element being applied
    • C23C8/24—Nitriding
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    • C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
    • C23C8/06—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases
    • C23C8/08—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases only one element being applied
    • C23C8/24—Nitriding
    • C23C8/26—Nitriding of ferrous surfaces
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    • C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
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    • C23C8/28—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases more than one element being applied in one step
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    • C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
    • C23C8/06—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases
    • C23C8/28—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases more than one element being applied in one step
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    • C23C8/36—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases using ionised gases, e.g. ionitriding
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    • C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
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    • C23C8/36—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases using ionised gases, e.g. ionitriding
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    • C10J2200/15—Details of feeding means
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    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
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    • C10J2300/093—Coal
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    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
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    • C10J2300/0913—Carbonaceous raw material
    • C10J2300/0943—Coke
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    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0913—Carbonaceous raw material
    • C10J2300/0946—Waste, e.g. MSW, tires, glass, tar sand, peat, paper, lignite, oil shale

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
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  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种在气化装置中使用的泵以及增强该泵的耐磨性的方法，该泵包括具有入口和出口的外壳以及设置于所述外壳内且可相对所述外壳转动的转子，该转子包括一个轮毂和多个由轮毂部隔开的转盘并界定了多个用来传输固态含碳原料的传输通道。所述泵还包括面向所述固态含碳原料的原料输送面，且至少部分所述原料输送面上形成有一定覆层。

Description

气化装置中使用的泵及该泵的耐磨性的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种在气化装置中使用的泵，具体涉及一种具有增强的耐磨性能的泵。
背景技术
气化装置中使用的泵，例如在煤气化装置中使用的传输泵，通常在使用一段时间后就受到严重的磨损，需要进行更换，这不仅会降低气化过程的可靠性，还将使气化成本显著增加。因此，如何提高关键的气化装置中泵的耐磨性，进而延长其使用寿命，从而增强气化过程的可靠性并降低气化成本成为业界的一个重大难题。
发明内容
本发明的实施例一方面提供了一种在气化装置中使用的泵，该泵包括具有入口和出口的外壳以及设置于所述外壳内且可相对所述外壳转动的转子，该转子包括一个轮毂和多个由轮毂部隔开的转盘并界定了多个用来传输固态含碳原料的传输通道。所述泵还包括面向所述固态含碳原料的原料输送面，且至少部分所述原料输送面上形成有一定覆层。
本发明的实施例另一方面提供了一种增强气化装置中所使用的泵的耐磨性的方法。该方法包括在该泵的至少部分原料输送面上形成一定覆层。
附图说明
图1为本发明一个实例中泵的剖面示意图。
具体实施方式
以下将对本发明的具体实施方式进行详细描述。为了避免过多不必要的细节，在以下内容中将不对习知的结构或功能进行详细的描述。
“气化系统”或“气化装置”是指将含碳物原料，如煤、焦炭、生物质、沥青或含碳废料等，与一定量的氧气和(或)水蒸气在高温下反应生成一氧化碳和氢气的系统。
如图1所示的实例中，一种在气化装置中用来输送固态含碳原料的泵80包括一个外壳82和一个设置于所述外壳82内并可相对所述外壳82转动的转子88，其中所述外壳82具有一个用来接收含碳原料的入口84和一个用来输出含碳原料的出口86，所述转子88包括一个轮毂90和由轮毂部隔开的多个转盘92并在其间界定了多个所述入口84和出口86相同的传输通道94。所述泵80用于气化装置时，固态含碳原料，即包括固态含碳物质，且还可能包括其他固态、液态或气态物质的原料，从入口84输入到所述泵80中，通过所述转子88的驱动，转盘92作用于传输通道94内的固态含碳原料，使其向出口86流动。所述泵80包括面向所述含碳原料的原料输送面，在一实施例中，该原料输送面包括外壳82的内表面96、转盘92及转盘间的轮毂部形成的表面98、入口84的内表面102以及出口86的内表面104。在一些实施例中，至少部分所述原料传输面上形成有覆层。本文所述的“覆层”可以是指安装或贴覆于一定表面的可移除的覆层，也可以是指通过表面处理或表面改性工艺在一定表面形成的覆层，其中表面处理或表面改性可以(1)在表面涂镀覆层；(2)使表面吸收化学物质；(3)改变该表面的化学结构的化学特性；或(4)通过其他方法改变表面的特性，从而形成覆层。在一个实施例中，所述覆层是指安装或贴覆于至少部分所述原料传输面上的可移除、可替代的耐磨覆层。所述耐磨覆层可用各种方式，包括但不限于以紧固件固定、几何结构固定、焊接、铜焊和/或粘接的方式安装或贴覆于至少部分所述原料传输面上。在另一实施例中，所述覆层是由包括离子注入和渗透的表面处理工艺形成的。在一实施例中，整个所述原料传输面上都有所述覆层。
所述泵可以由金属或合金制成。在一些实施例中，至少所述泵的一部分是由镍、钴或铁基合金制成的。
在一些实施例中，所述离子注入过程可以通过以下工艺实现：将泵放入处理腔内；往该处理腔中充入含氩气的气体，至腔内真空度约为0.002Pa；用热电子发射、射频或微波激励产生冷等离子体，并使泵淹没在等离子体中；以泵为阴极，由需要注入的元素形成的元件(如金属薄片)为阳极，施加10～20MeV的单向脉冲电压，在高压脉冲电压作用下，使得等离子体中的电子从泵一侧被赶向阳极，而正离子则被加速冲向作为阴极的泵表面，产生离子注入效应。由于被注入的泵淹没在等离子体中，离子从泵的各个方向冲向泵表面，在泵表面各方向同时进行离子注入。离子注入深度，也即离子注入层的厚度大约为10nm到50m。其中，注入的元素或离子可以是钨、钒、铌、铬或其组合。
然后可对所述进行离子注入后的泵进行渗透处理。其中所述渗透处理可以是渗碳、渗氮、碳氮共渗、或类似的渗透扩散处理过程。以渗碳过程为例，在一些实施例中，所述渗透过程可以通过以下工艺实现：将所述进行离子注入后的泵在800℃左右退火1个小时左右；准备渗碳炉，将渗碳炉加热到大约800℃，向炉内滴入渗碳剂或甲醇等裂解气体进行空炉渗碳，继续将渗碳炉加热到渗碳温度，渗碳温度一般为920～940℃，保温大约1～2小时；待炉气正常后，将所述退火后的泵放入炉中进行渗碳，炉内压力一般控制在50～100Pa，渗碳时间大约为1～2个小时。在渗碳过程中，扩散进入泵中的会和注入的离子反应生成碳化物(例如钨、钒、铌、铬等的碳化物)渗透层。但若所述渗透处理为其它渗透工艺，则形成其它渗透层，例如，若所述渗透处理为渗氮工艺，则会形成注入元素如钨、钒、铌、铬等的氮化物层。在一些实施例中，所述渗透层的厚度小于2mm。在一实施例中，所述渗透层的厚度大约为1mm。
在一些实施例中，通过所述离子注入和渗透处理形成的覆层包括离子注入层及在离子注入后进一步进行渗透处理所形成渗透层。
用X光电子能谱仪测定的渗层中的元素分布结果表明，在所述覆层中浓度有一梯度，而不是像沉积所形成的覆层那样会发生浓度的突变，因而具有很好的膜基结合力。所述覆层表面的硬度可高于1500Hv。在一些实施例中，所述覆层表面的维氏硬度可达2000～3000Hv，从而具有很高的耐磨性，与没有覆层的泵相比，具有所述覆层的泵耐磨性能提高了2～3倍。此外，在离子注入和渗碳的过程中，会在所述泵表面产生一定的压应力，从而抑制裂纹的生成和扩展，同时也能极大地提高泵的抗疲劳性能，这也可以进一步提高处于温度波动环境中的泵的使用寿命。
在一些实施例中，所述原料输送面上的覆层也可以是由其他工艺或方法形成的其他覆层。例如，其他适用的覆层材料包括但不限于MCrAlY(其中M为钴、镍或钴镍合金，Cr为铬，Al为铝，Y为钇)覆层、以及铝、硅、镁或钙的氧化物的覆层等。此外，在一些实施例中，所述泵的除原料输送面以外的其它表面、或者所述原料输送面上没有所述覆层的部分也可以通过其它处理工艺，如渗铝工艺，形成一定覆层。
所述在其原料输送面上具有覆层的泵在硬度和耐磨性能方面都得到很大的提高。试验证实，其用于输送含碳原料时使用寿命得到显著的增加。
虽然结合特定的实施例对本发明进行了说明，但本领域的技术人员可以理解，对本发明可以作出许多修改和变型。因此，要认识到，权利要求书的意图在于覆盖在本发明真正构思和范围内的所有这些修改和变型。

Claims (20)

1.一种用于气化装置中的泵，该泵包括具有入口和出口的外壳以及设置于所述外壳内且可相对所述外壳转动的转子，该转子包括一个轮毂和多个由轮毂部隔开的转盘并界定了多个用来传输固态含碳原料的传输通道，其特征在于：所述泵还包括面向所述固态含碳原料的原料输送面，且至少部分所述原料输送面上形成有一定覆层。
2.如权利要求1所述的泵，其中所述覆层是由离子注入及渗透处理形成的。
3.如权利要求2所述的泵，其中所述泵至少部分由镍、钴或铁基的合金制成。
4.如权利要求2所述的泵，其中所述注入的离子至少包括钨、钒、铌和铬中的一种。
5.如权利要求2所述的泵，其中所述渗透处理至少包括渗碳、渗氮和碳氮共渗中的一种。
6.如权利要求2所述的泵，其中所述覆层的厚度在10纳米到50微米之间。
7.如权利要求2所述的泵，其中所述覆层的硬度高于1500Hv。
8.如权利要求2所述的泵，其中所述固态含碳原料包括煤、焦炭、生物质、沥青和含碳废料中的一种或多种。
9.如权利要求1所述的泵，其中所述覆层是安装或贴覆于至少部分所述原料传输面上的可移除、可替代的耐磨覆层。
10.如权利要求9所述的泵，其中所述耐磨覆层是用紧固件固定、几何结构固定、焊接、铜焊和/或粘接的方式安装或贴覆于至少部分所述原料传输面上的。
11.一种增强气化装置中使用的泵的耐磨性的方法，其包括在该泵的至少部分原料输送面上形成一定覆层。
12.如权利要求11所述的方法，其中所述形成覆层的过程包括：
对所述泵进行离子注入；及
对所述泵的部分进行渗透处理。
13.如权利要求12所述的方法，其中所述离子注入的过程包括：
使所述泵淹没在等离子体中；及
以所述泵为阴极，待注入元素形成的物体为阳极，施加电压，使得所述物体中所含的待注入元素以离子形式移向作为阴极的泵的表面。
14.如权利要求13所述的方法，其中所述施加的电压为10Me到20MeV的脉冲电压。
15.如权利要求12所述的方法，其中所述注入的离子至少包括钨、钒、铌和铬中的一种。
16.如权利要求12所述的方法，其中所述离子注入深度为10nm到50μm。
17.如权利要求12所述的方法，其中所述渗透处理为渗碳，所述渗碳条件包括温度为920～940℃，压力为50～100Pa，渗碳时间为1～2小时。
18.如权利要求12所述的方法，其中所述渗透处理形成的渗透层厚度小于2mm。
19.如权利要求12所述的方法，在所述离子注入和渗透处理之间还包括对所述离子注入后的泵进行退火处理的步骤。
20.如权利要求11所述的方法，所述覆层是用紧固件固定、几何结构固定、焊接、铜焊和/或粘接的方式安装或贴覆于至少部分所述原料传输面上的可移除、可替代的耐磨覆层。
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