CN102639274A - A method of and a welding station for laying a pipeline, with pipe section welded together by internal and external welding - Google Patents

A method of and a welding station for laying a pipeline, with pipe section welded together by internal and external welding Download PDF

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Publication number
CN102639274A
CN102639274A CN2010800547475A CN201080054747A CN102639274A CN 102639274 A CN102639274 A CN 102639274A CN 2010800547475 A CN2010800547475 A CN 2010800547475A CN 201080054747 A CN201080054747 A CN 201080054747A CN 102639274 A CN102639274 A CN 102639274A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
welding
passage
root
interior welds
pipe
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Granted
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CN2010800547475A
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Chinese (zh)
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CN102639274B (en
Inventor
乔纳森·鲍尔斯
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Saipem SpA
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Saipem SpA
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
    • B23K9/02—Seam welding; Backing means; Inserts
    • B23K9/028—Seam welding; Backing means; Inserts for curved planar seams
    • B23K9/0282—Seam welding; Backing means; Inserts for curved planar seams for welding tube sections
    • B23K9/0284—Seam welding; Backing means; Inserts for curved planar seams for welding tube sections with an electrode working inside the tube
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K37/00—Auxiliary devices or processes, not specially adapted to a procedure covered by only one of the preceding main groups
    • B23K37/02—Carriages for supporting the welding or cutting element
    • B23K37/0276—Carriages for supporting the welding or cutting element for working on or in tubes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
    • B23K9/02—Seam welding; Backing means; Inserts
    • B23K9/0213—Narrow gap welding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
    • B23K9/02—Seam welding; Backing means; Inserts
    • B23K9/028—Seam welding; Backing means; Inserts for curved planar seams
    • B23K9/0282—Seam welding; Backing means; Inserts for curved planar seams for welding tube sections
    • B23K9/0286—Seam welding; Backing means; Inserts for curved planar seams for welding tube sections with an electrode moving around the fixed tube during the welding operation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
    • B23K9/16—Arc welding or cutting making use of shielding gas
    • B23K9/167—Arc welding or cutting making use of shielding gas and of a non-consumable electrode
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
    • B23K9/16—Arc welding or cutting making use of shielding gas
    • B23K9/173—Arc welding or cutting making use of shielding gas and of a consumable electrode
    • B23K9/1735—Arc welding or cutting making use of shielding gas and of a consumable electrode making use of several electrodes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L13/00—Non-disconnectible pipe-joints, e.g. soldered, adhesive or caulked joints
    • F16L13/02—Welded joints
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K10/00—Welding or cutting by means of a plasma
    • B23K10/02—Plasma welding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K2101/00—Articles made by soldering, welding or cutting
    • B23K2101/04—Tubular or hollow articles
    • B23K2101/10—Pipe-lines
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/50—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for welded joints

Abstract

A method of laying a pipeline is described in which both internal and external weld passes are performed in order to weld together the pipe sections (2a, 2b). The method includes arranging a pipe section (2b) adjacent to the end (2a) of a pipeline thereby defining a circumferential joint (8) to be welded, performing an external weld pass, with for example GMAW - MIG torches (10), on the root (4r) of the joint (8) to be welded during which weld material is deposited in the root (4r) of the joint (8) to be welded, thereby forming a root weld (4r), and then performing an internal weld pass, with for example a GTAW - TIG torch (12), on the root weld (4r) during which the root weld (4r) is melted and re-shaped. The method has particular application in relation to pipes clad with corrosion resistant alloy (CRA) (6).

Description

The method that is used for tubing and the welding station that pipeline section are welded together through interior welds and outside weldings
Background of invention
The present invention relates to pipeline welding equipment and method together.Especially but not unique be when the present invention relates to lay submarine pipeline at sea compound pipeline section or other multilayer pipeline section to be welded together.
During at sea from pipe-laying vessel laying submarine pipeline, an end of pipeline (being sometimes referred to as " tubing string ") is kept by ship, and pipeline section is soldered to this pipe end.Subsequently, the pipeline and the pipeline section of new welding are exported from ship, so this process can repeat.For the high tensile load that is experienced in the process of deployment, welding point must be high-quality for pipeline.The key of quality of weld joint is that pipeline is in case installation just is in the position (when for example pipeline is the catenary risers form) that is exposed to marine varying motion clocklike.In this case, welding point must be able to bear its fatigue load with experience.
The pipeline that is designed for transmission corrosivity or liquid that can the failure criteria steel pipe or gas usually inside coat or otherwise in be lined with CRA (corrosion resisting alloy).In addition, find gradually that this CRA liner pipe provides a kind of solution of economy for exploitation long distance well.The CRA internal lining pipe is through with CRA cylinder metallurgical, bond or be pressed into inboard the going up of carbon steel (CS) pipe and make.
This technology that the CRA internal lining pipe is welded together is wanted the many of complicacy more than welding standard CS pipe.Should be noted that, the throughput rate of CRA pipeline normally the CS pipeline of same size throughput rate 1/4 or 1/5.The CS pipe and the welding point that forms betwixt of the typical CRA of coating material are shown among Fig. 1 a, the 1b and 2.
A kind of known technology that is used to weld CRA liner pipeline section is to use the single outside semi-automatic GMAW soldering tip of installing to be used to deposit the first crucial welding passage (it is called the root weld passage), then carries out internal check and has sufficiently high standard with the quality of guaranteeing root run.The weld zone purges to reduce the oxidation risk of welding material with the protection gas of protectiveness (normally inert gas, like argon gas).Internal check comprises ultrasound examination mode and the auxiliary visual examination of carrying out of video camera.Need carry out visual detection and be because the ultrasonic test meeting is easy to obtain error result owing to the remanent magnetization of CRA material.
Because the characteristic of root bead technology is difficult to guarantee suitable weld penetration.Whole welding process is for the variation of many parameters (like joint assembling, magnetic levels), or even the little variation of gas composition is highstrung.Although this welding procedure provides automation significantly, weld seam is checked and accepted the technology that still depends on very much welding person.Accomplishing two initial root weld passages prolongs with the total cycle time that carries out internal inspection relatively.In addition, if root run can not satisfy strict acceptance criteria, then generally do not carry out the root run reparation, but whole welding joints is cut away, thereby cause further delaying.Joint is soldered to the thermal weld passage stage and before shifting out welding station, carries out internal check.When realizing that stable state is produced, can realize time welding interval of the first about 30 minutes welding station, but the challenge that possibly be submarine pipeline the welding interval of realizing this duration when laying.It should be understood that after root run is accomplished, with pipeline move on to the later welded station with use other welding passage fill and/or otherwise handle/test.But, in the operation at the welding station place that makes root weld passage rate-limiting step often.
The present invention is intended to alleviate the problems referred to above.As substituting or in addition, the present invention aims to provide improved pipe laying method, improved welding method and/or improved pipeline welding equipment.
Summary of the invention
The present invention provides a kind of pipe laying method, and wherein pipeline section is welded together to form pipeline.It should be understood that pipeline section and pipeline can abbreviate pipe as.This method may further comprise the steps: pipeline section to be welded is provided to pipe end; The adjacent setting with pipe end of pipeline section is also limited peripheral joint to be welded thus; On the root of joint to be welded, implement the outside weldings passage, the root at joint to be welded deposits welding material during this period, thereby forms root run; And on root run, implement the interior welds passage.Advantageously, the step of enforcement interior welds passage makes the root run fusion and reinvents on root run.The fusion of established root run can be carried out to making the inner surface remelting extremely greater than 0.5mm, more preferably greater than the degree of depth of 1mm.The remelting of this root run can improve the chance that fuses fully in the realization of welding point root, and this otherwise is difficult to reliable the realization.Can improve welding quality comprehensively and reduce weld seam from managing reinventing of inner root run because of not meeting the unaccepted probability of acceptance criteria.
This method is included in the step of implementing the step of outside weldings passage on the root of joint to be welded and on root run, implementing the interior welds passage.The equipment that is used to implement the outside weldings passage is called outside weldings equipment, and the equipment that is used to implement the interior welds passage is called interior welds equipment.
Implementing the outside weldings passage can take to make the interior tube-surface fusion in root run zone or the mode of distortion to carry out with the step that forms root run.The inner surface that the root run penetration that forms through the outside weldings passage passes pipe can stay weld seam irregular and that do not expect.Reinvent this weld seam in manage and to have the remarkable benefit that is detailed as follows.
Carry out root run and reinvent and to reduce the unaccepted risk of the weld seam that causes owing to pipeline is unjustified from managing the inboard.If pipeline section not with adjacent pipe end complete matching, then possibly have " height (hi-lo) " (step) at specific circumferential position place around pipe week from a pipeline section to adjacent tubular segments.If height is excessive, then weld seam will be rejected.In embodiments of the invention, can hold the height step of about 1.5mm, make that the required time of pipeline assembling (alignment) is shorter.The tolerance accepted of the shape and size aspect of pipeline section is also no longer so important, thereby allows potential cost savings.
The application of after the outside weldings step to same weld seam, carrying out the interior welds step can allow the mode that the specified defect in the root run can not be imagined in prior art is repaired.For example, in the welding method of the laying submarine pipeline of prior art,, the root bead do not have Recovery Options when being rejected: excise whole welding line in this case usually.
The root run remelting can improve the degree of filling of fusion between weld seam and the pipe.Known narrow groove can cause lacking sidewall fusion, especially near the root of weld.Yet method of the present invention can improve the degree of filling of weld seam fusion, thereby allows narrow groove to use more easily.The Breadth Maximum of narrow groove can be less than 10mm, preferably less than 7mm.Tube thickness (for example can be and 10～30mm) is preferably 10: 1 with the ratio of groove Breadth Maximum～1: 3, more preferably 6: 1～20: 7.
Interior welds road on root run is less preferred to be implemented through arc welding.The interior welds passage can adopt non-consumable electrode to implement.Can under the situation of not adding the weld seam packing material, implement in the interior welds passage on the root run.Interior welds passage on root run can be for example through implementing from the body welding procedure.But internal weld seams using plasma welding equipment is implemented.Internal weld seams can adopt laser welding apparatus to implement.Internal weld seams can be implemented through the welding equipment that adopts tungsten electrode.For example, the equipment that is used to form internal weld seams can comprise GTAW (gas tungsten arc welding) welding torch, for example TIG (tungsten inert gas) welding torch.Can be used for the assistance enforcement down of the video camera of direct internal welding at one or more in the interior welds passage on the root run.Said one or more video camera can for example be used on video display devices, generating image scene.Interior welds equipment can be partially manual control.For example, the welding operator can use for example control stick of input equipment, and it allows to handle interior welds equipment or otherwise control.Interior welds equipment can be part control automatically at least.Interior welds equipment can for example weld along joint to be welded with substantially constant speed.Interior welds equipment can comprise automatic weldingvoltage control (AVC) unit.Interior welds equipment can comprise inner alignment jig, and it is arranged so that the pipe alignment and clamps in the position of preparing to weld.One or more soldering tip can be installed on the inner alignment jig (ILUC).
The implementation step of the outside weldings passage on root run is preferably implemented through arc welding.The outside weldings step is preferably included in adds the weld seam packing material in the weld seam.The outside weldings step can use consutrode to implement.The outside weldings step can comprise implements GMAW (gas metal arc welding) technology.For example, GMAW technology can be MIG (Metallic Inert Gas) technology.Outside weldings equipment can be part control automatically at least.Outside weldings equipment can for example weld along weld seam with substantially constant speed.Outside weldings equipment can comprise automatic weldingvoltage control module.Outside weldings equipment can comprise one or more welding torch, and said welding torch is set to the center, path from motion tracking (promptly following) joint to be welded.Soldering tip can be set to cross over the width swing of welding point.Outside weldings equipment can comprise the outside clamping device that one or more soldering tip is installed above that, for example band.Outside weldings equipment can comprise one or more automatic welding machine (welding bug) that is set to advance around pipe.
Need use under the situation of inert gas in the outside weldings passage on the root run; The demand of utilizing the inert gas purge weld metal zone before the passage is externally welded thereby reduce in the final surface that interior welds passage (wherein root run remelting) preferably obtains having low oxidative.For example, inner GTAW welding process can obtain having low oxidative and potential final surface of improving corrosive nature, even and the root run remelting can the mechanical property of root run not had a negative impact yet.
Outside weldings passage on root run can comprise uses a plurality of independently soldering tips simultaneously.For example, a plurality of soldering tips can deposit welding material at the different circumferential positions around pipe in root.The first outside weldings passage plural soldering tip that uses simultaneously capable of using deposits quickly.Can require to realize all the time the complete penetration of outside weldings passage, this is because fusion can realize through the interior welds passage after a while fully.Two independently soldering tip can orientate as around pipe circumferentially at a distance of surpassing 60 degree.For example, these 2 outside soldering tips then can be positioned opposite to each other (promptly at a distance of about 180 degree).
The implementation step of the outside weldings passage on the root of joint can comprise that pipe internal surface is to the remelting that surpasses 1mm degree of depth place.The remelting degree of depth of pipe internal surface can be less than 4mm.The typical remelting degree of depth can be 1.5～2.5mm.
The implementation step of the outside weldings passage on the root of joint can produce root run, and said root run has coarse shape on the inner surface of pipe.In this case, advantageously interior welds passage remelting and reinvent root run makes root run on the inner surface of pipe, have more level and smooth shape.Root run through on the inner surface that makes pipe is level and smooth, and root run can be difficult for corroding.Weld seam with rough form exposes more surface area per unit volume and more perishable.Weld seam with rough form can for example have ledge along cross-section the time.Weld seam with rough form can for example have in 1mm distance (for example longitudinally) goes up the cross section that the change in shape of (along the size of pipe radius) aspect the height surpasses 1mm.But have the weld seam substantially flat of smooth-shaped and do not have ledge.Weld seam with smooth-shaped can for example not have the part that on the 0.5mm distance change in shape aspect the height surpasses 0.5mm.Preferably be embodied as the root run that makes on the inner surface of pipe in the step of implementing the interior welds passage on the root of joint and have the more smooth shape of root run shape that forms immediately than after the implementation step of the outside weldings passage on the root of joint.
Can produce in the implementation step of the outside weldings passage on the root of joint and to lack alloying material on the groove; The root run incomplete fusion is to pipe.In this case, the interior welds passage advantageously makes the root run remelting, makes it be fused to pipe fully.
For given root run, this method can comprise only implements the interior welds passage one time to each welding point.This method can comprise only implements the interior welds passage twice to each welding point.In some embodiments, this method comprises each welding point is implemented repeatedly for example at least three interior welds passages.Preferably each welding point is implemented the interior welds passage below three times.During each such interior welds passage, root run all can be reinvented.
The interior welds step can be included in adds the weld seam packing material in the weld seam.During the interior welds passage, adding the filling metal can for example make defective can be repaired and fill the depression of root run.
This method can be included in the step of implementing outside cover welding passage on the weld cap of joint to be welded.For example, this method can be included on the weld cap of joint to be welded and deposit welding material, forms cap weld thus.In this case, externally cover welding passage of the step implementation step completion of on root run, implementing the interior welds passage is carried out before.Interior welds passage on the root of joint can be implemented with the enforcement of outside weldings passage simultaneously.This method may be embodied as and makes the interior welds passage only after the outside weldings passage on the root has been accomplished, just start.Root run can be implemented to solidify in time of interior welds passage on being not later than root run.
This method can be included in the step of wherein implementing Non-Destructive Testing (NDT).For example, this detection can carried out after the enforcement interior welds passage on the root run.In Non-Destructive Testing (NDT) step, can check the quality of root run through managing one or more inner video camera.In Non-Destructive Testing (NDT) step, can detect the quality of root run through Ultrasonic Detection.Externally cover welding passage of Non-Destructive Testing (NDT) step implementation step is carried out before accomplishing.Non-Destructive Testing (NDT) step can be used one or more video camera.
On its wide significance, when present invention resides in tubing two pipeline sections are welded together, said pipeline section is soldered to other pipeline section or pipeline subsequently.Therefore, in two pipeline sections can be considered limiting pipe end.But more common situation is that pipeline section is added on the pipeline of significantly being longer than this pipeline section (for example length is above 10 times).In the extensible entering water of this pipeline, be under the situation of submarine pipeline for example at the pipeline of being laid.One end of this pipeline can remain on waterborne certainly, for example remains on the pipe-laying vessel, to allow that new pipeline section is soldered to pipe end.
It is that multi-layer piping and its have the situation by a metal metal level that is different from adjacent layer that method of the present invention is specially adapted to pipeline.For example, pipeline section can be the CRA liner pipe.The implementation step of the outside weldings passage on the root of joint can comprise the welding material of the butt joint interpolation first kind.The step of on the root of joint, implementing the interior welds passage can comprise that butt joint adds the welding material of second type.The welding material of second type can have the composition that is different from the first kind.For example, can externally utilize CS to fill metal and weld multiple tube at inner utilization CRA compatibility packing material.The welding material of second type can have the composition identical with the welding material of the first kind.For example, can be externally with inner utilization CRA compatibility packing material for example " Inconel " weld multiple tube.(i) step of implementing the outside weldings passage and (ii) implementing the interior welds passage can comprise jointly that the welding material with same type is added into carbon steel material and CRA material.For example, " Inconel " material can be used for the outside weldings passage, and wherein the Inconel material is soldered to ducted carbon steel and CRA material.
Method of the present invention is specially adapted to the situation that pipeline bears top load and/or fatigue load.For example, section of tubing can form part catenary risers at least at least.This method can be used as the part of submarine pipeline laying method and implements.This pipeline can be submarine pipeline or submarine pipeline.
Said pipe can the tubular axis basic horizontal mode weld together.For example, laying method can be the S-laying method.Said pipe can be vertically welds together more than the mode of level.For example, laying method can be the J-laying method.But the orientation of pipe need not influence the interior welds remelting or reinvent on material degree.
According to a second aspect of the invention, the present invention also provides a kind of welding station that is used for pipe laying method.Said welding station can comprise outside weldings equipment and interior welds equipment.Interior welds equipment and outside weldings equipment preferably are set to and can operate simultaneously.Outside weldings equipment can comprise a plurality of soldering tips and exterior guiding equipment; Each soldering tip has at least one welding torch, and soldering tip is set to weld together simultaneously to form welding point and to pass through exterior guiding equipment at least in part along connector guide to be welded from the pipeline section outside with pipeline section.Interior welds equipment can comprise the inside alignment jig and at least one soldering tip of the inner guiding device of clamping, and said soldering tip is configured such that the welding line joint remelting that outside weldings equipment forms and is set to be directed along joint through inner guiding device.But inner also clamping Non-Destructive Testing of alignment jig (NDT) device, this device comprises for example one or more electron camera, is used for from the pipeline section inboard root run being carried out Non-Destructive Testing.Inner alignment jig can comprise the integrated plasma welding equipment that is used to implement internal weld seams.Welding station can comprise inner alignment jig and the interior welds equipment that is arranged with inner alignment jig branch.For example, interior welds equipment can be arranged on and be independent of inner alignment jig movably on the stand.Interior welds equipment can be set to be defined for the central opening zone that holds control lever shaft or working shaft.In this case, having inner alignment jig and the existing welding station device of handling sub-assembly and outside weldings equipment can be easy to revise with the come up method of embodiment of the present invention of the front portion of inner alignment jig for example of the inside alignment jig through interior welds equipment being installed in existing apparatus.
The soldering tip of outside weldings equipment can be consutrode soldering tip (like the GMAW soldering tip).The soldering tip of interior welds equipment can be the non-consumable electrode soldering tip.Interior welds equipment can comprise the GTAW welding equipment.Interior welds equipment can comprise the plasma welding equipment.Interior welds equipment can comprise one or more GTAW and/or plasma soldering tip.
According to a third aspect of the invention we, the present invention also provides a kind of pipe-laying vessel, and it is included in a plurality of welding stations that series connection is provided with on the pipe laying direction, and wherein at least one welding station is according to welding station of the present invention.
Certainly it should be understood that the characteristic that relates to one aspect of the invention can introduce in the others of the present invention.For example, method of the present invention can be introduced any characteristic with reference to device description of the present invention, and vice versa.
Description of drawings
Below only embodiment of the present invention are described by way of example with reference to accompanying schematic figure, wherein:
Fig. 1 a is the longitdinal cross-section diagram of two CRA multiple tubes welding together according to routine techniques;
Fig. 1 b is along the sectional view of managing shown in Fig. 1 a of the line B-B intercepting among Fig. 1 a;
Fig. 2 is the longitdinal cross-section diagram of the welding line joint between two pipes that weld together according to routine techniques;
Fig. 3 a-3c is the longitdinal cross-section diagram through the compound pipeline section of groove CRA of the welding of method according to embodiments of the present invention;
Fig. 4 a and 4b illustrate two pipes that weld together according to an embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 5 a-5c is the photo that the cross section of first pipe joint is shown, and comprises being illustrated in during the welding method of implementing embodiment and the cross section of weld seam afterwards;
Fig. 6 a-6c is the photo that is similar to Fig. 5 a-5c, and what just illustrate is the cross section of second pipe joint; With
Fig. 7 a-7c is the photo that is similar to Fig. 5 a-5c, and what just illustrate is the cross section of the 3rd pipe joint.
The specific embodiment
The embodiment of the current description of the present invention relates to during the method for laying submarine pipeline from pontoon with the compound pipeline section butt welding of corrosion resisting alloy (CRA) together.Through being soldered to pipe end, comes continuous pipeline section from the outboard tubing.When tubing, there is significant tension force in the pipeline of laying and is generally hundreds of thousand Ns approximately.During laying and follow-up use pipeline, pipe joint can be born fatigue load.
Therefore it is especially important that the joint of guaranteeing to form between the pipeline section of pipeline has high quality.Joint from ship the held water in the pipeline of back the inefficacy of any joint all might be dangerous and extremely high cost.
Fig. 1 a illustrates the longitdinal cross-section diagram of two pipeline sections 2.The first pipeline section 2a is connected to the second pipeline section 2b through weld seam 4.Said pipeline section is the carbon steel pipe (Fig. 1 b) that inner packet is covered with corrosion resisting alloy (CRA) 6, and CRA can be a nickel alloy in this case, but also can be austenitic stainless steel or other CRA material.Weld seam 4 is the girth joint form and shows more in detail through cross section shown in Figure 2.Weld seam 4 is that one or more welding torch of weld material layer forms through depositing independently in the zone between two pipe 2a, 2b.In Fig. 2, the different layers of the welding point after the welding is shown.Welding point comprises root area 4r; Two thermal weld passage district 4h1,4h2; Five fill area 4f1～4f5 and weld seam capping district 4c.Fig. 2 is the sketch map in each district, and they possibly be not easy to differentiate in final weld seam, but indicates as size roughly, and each fill area 4f has the degree of depth of the common 0.5-3mm order of magnitude.
The embodiment of the present invention of the formation method of the pipeline that relates to CRA multiple tube form is described below with reference to accompanying drawing 3a～7c.
Pipeline is to lay through new pipeline section is welded to the pipe end that remains on the pipe-laying vessel.Pipeline forms groove between pipe 2a, 2b, to produce the gap before connection.A pipeline section 2a is limited the pipe end of laying.Another pipeline section 2b is added in pipe end in order to prolong the new pipeline section of pipeline.Different groove shapes is known in the art.The groove shape of using in this embodiment be side through the terminal relatively welding point to be formed that limits of pipe for most of degree of depth of welding point near parallel in shape.Fig. 3 a illustrates the sketch map of typical groove shape (before the welding).Fig. 3 b illustrates the geometry as replacement scheme, and this will describe after a while.The definite parameter of groove size selects to depend on many factors.In this special embodiment (according to the geometry of Fig. 3 a), do not have chamfering (chamfering on CRA material 6) or very little on the inner surface of pipe, therefore do not exist need be on the inner surface of pipe common gap.Therefore, the parameter (it adopts the wall thickness that comprises 3mm CRA material layer 6 pipe 2 for about 20mm) that limits the groove shape of first embodiment is as follows: A=4mm; B=3.5mm; C=3.5mm; D＜0.1mm; G=3 °; R 1=3.5mm.
In a single day pipeline section 2a, 2b form groove and just carry out end-to-end setting, limit peripheral joint to be welded 8 thus.For example, the groove geometry shown in Fig. 3 a limits the joint to be welded 8 as schematically showing among Fig. 3 c.
It is vital forming high-quality root run 4r.Provide first welding station to be used to form the root run between pipeline section 2a, the 2b.Pipeline is through inner alignment jig (not shown) alignment and remain on correct position.Welding station comprises outside weldings equipment, and said outside weldings equipment comprises two outside GMAW (MIG) soldering tip that is set to 180 degree (promptly in the relative both sides of managing 2) around the pipeline section interval.So outside soldering tip 10 only is shown in Fig. 4 a, 4b.Soldering tip 10 is installed on the exterior guiding equipment that is clipped in the pipe outside (like " bug-on-band " system) with mode well known in the art.In use, soldering tip 10 is partly guided along joint to be welded 8 by exterior guiding equipment, and said exterior guiding equipment comprises groove tracking system (though in other embodiments, the welding operator can assist to follow the tracks of and follow the trail of groove).Each outside soldering tip 10 has a welding torch (but in other embodiments, each soldering tip can have plural welding torch), and its form is for using the consutrode welding torch of filler wire.Outside soldering tip 10 is set to simultaneously pipeline section welded together to form welding point 4 from the pipeline section outside.If weld seam is around the circumferential formation of pipe, then this welding process is commonly referred to girth welding.
At the first welding station place, interior welds equipment is provided also.This interior welds equipment comprises above-mentionedly will guarantee the ILUC that is held in the appropriate location (inner alignment jig shows) in Fig. 4 a, 4b.This ILUC also has inner guiding device (not showing among Fig. 4) and single inner soldering tip 12.Inner soldering tip 12 carries gas tungsten arc welding GTAW (TIG) welding torch of single use non-consumable tungsten electrode.Inner GTAW soldering tip is set to be generally at inert gas the protection of the mixture that contains argon gas and operates down.In use, inner soldering tip 12 parts are passed through the welding operator along connector guide to be welded through inner guiding device and part.The welding operator can control move (being parallel on the direction of tubular axis) that welding torch is striden groove width through control stick, on the visual video display of operator, provides the camera system of video feed to monitor the welding position through being installed on the ILUC simultaneously.
The method of this embodiment comprises the outside weldings passage of using outside soldering tip 10 to be implemented in the root of joint to be welded 8, during this period welding material is deposited in the root of joint, forms root run 4r thus.Use two independently outside soldering tips 10 in root, to deposit welding material simultaneously at different circumferential positions around pipe 2.Subsequently, make root run 4r cooling and begin to solidify.Using outside soldering tip 10 to implement the filling of welding passage, use inner soldering tip 12 to be implemented in the interior welds passage on the root run 4r with when forming higher layer (thermal weld passage district 4h1,4h2).The gait of march of the inside welding torch on the soldering tip is 25 cm per minute and operation under 150A.This interior welds passage makes the root run fusion of outside weldings equipment deposition, and does not use any extra packing material.Root run 4r is usually by remelting, because weld seam will solidify or partial coagulation at least subsequently.The interior welds passage makes the material around fusion of root run and the about 1.5-2mm of the degree of depth.The width of consequent bead is about 8～10mm.This makes for the nargin of the variation of its lateral attitude high relatively, and makes that the welding operator is relatively easy and have enough accuracy ground direct internal welding equipment.
Fig. 4 a representes outside weldings passage performance, and Fig. 4 b representes interior welds passage performance.
The change of root run 4r shape has several potential benefits and can improve the quality of root run.The quality of the root run that only forms through outside weldings technology can receive the adverse effect such as following factor:
Height too high (tube wall is unjustified, by the difformity of pipeline section and/or tubular axis unjustified due to) influences structural intergrity;
Lack the root run penetration, influence structural intergrity;
The root run penetration is excessive, and weld seam is corroded more easily; With
Root run depression, weld shape is coarse and/or the light defects of weld shape, weld seam is corroded more easily and/or influences structural intergrity.
The height mismatch can be created in the step between the adjacent tubular segments, thereby causes the stress during fatigue load to be concentrated, and therefore influences the machinery and the structural intergrity of welding point potentially.The quality that therefore the interior welds passage of weld seam fusion and planarization in this step zone can be had improve weld seam and the effect of structural strength.
If the outside weldings passage produces not and the pipe root run of fusion fully, then might be near the inner surface of pipe, to lack fusion.Therefore, but interior welds passage remelting root run makes itself and pipe have better fusion.Should be noted that the remelting of root run 4r can not produce adverse influence to the mechanical property of root run.
If the outside weldings passage produces the root run with rough form; For example have the portion of dangling or depressed part or stretch into the big projection in the pipe; The step that then is implemented in the interior welds passage on the root run makes the level and smooth peace of shape of root run smooth, makes it be difficult for being corroded.Little defective in the weld seam, for example the pipe inner surface on or near crackle can be removed through the weld seam remelting.
Below will above-mentioned factor of part that influence weldquality and acceptability and the solution that this embodiment provides be described with reference to figure 5a～7c.Fig. 5 a illustrates the advance inner surface photo of (from left to right) of internal weld seams.Fig. 5 b illustrates pipe 2a, the sectional view (along the surperficial B-B that in Fig. 5 a indicate) of 2b in not experiencing the root run 4r zone of interior welds passage as yet, and Fig. 5 c illustrates sectional view in the root run 4r zone of experience interior welds passage of pipe 2a, 2b (along the surface C of indicating among Fig. 5 a-C).The sectional view of Fig. 5 b illustrates the height with about 3mm.After inner GTAW welding passage, the shape of the alteration of form weld seam 4 of the bead 4i on inner surface makes the height step become gradually.
Fig. 6 a is the inner surface photo that is illustrated in advance (from left to right) of the last internal weld seams of different paired pipeline section 2a, 2b.Fig. 6 b illustrates pipe 2a, the sectional view (along the surperficial B-B that in Fig. 6 a indicate) of 2b in not experiencing the root run 4r zone of interior welds passage as yet, and Fig. 6 c illustrates sectional view in the root run 4r zone of experience interior welds passage of pipe 2a, 2b (along the surface C of indicating among Fig. 6 a-C).The outside weld seam 4e that the sectional view of Fig. 6 b illustrates the formation of outside weldings passage is not enough to the penetration of CRA layer 6.This penetration deficiency for example is because cause on high root surface.After inner GTAW welding passage, the weld seam 4i on the inner surface makes CRA layer 6 and outside weld seam 4e fusion, makes weld seam 4 complete penetrations.
Fig. 7 a～7c is the inner surface before and after the inner TIG welding passage and the photo of root run 4r when being illustrated in the irregular and excessive penetration of the height that has 3mm and welding material.The sectional view of Fig. 7 b (along the surperficial B-B intercepting of indicating among Fig. 7 a) shows, the height that has about 3mm with have very coarse and the welding material edge sharp profile dangles.Particularly for the pipeline section 2b on right side, exist the penetration of welding material excessive.Shown in Fig. 7 c, (illustrate) along the cross section of the surface C-C that indicates among Fig. 7 a; After inner GTAW welding passage; Bead 4i on the inner surface changes the shape of weld seam 4, makes the height step become gradually, and weld seam dangle and rough form obtains level and smooth and planarization.
Therefore, the shape of root run can significantly be improved the fatigue behaviour of enhancing to be provided, the defective that exists in prospect that the raising root run fuses fully and the minimizing pipe joint.
After accomplishing the interior welds passage, root run is solidified.The interior welds step can comprise utilize interior welds equipment carry out once, twice or even three times the welding passages.Accomplishing after the interior welds passage on the root run, carry out Non-Destructive Testing (NDT) at first welding station.NDT detects and comprises that utilizing ultrasonic detector to detect root run manages inner visual examination with the camera system that utilization is installed on the ILUC.If detect weld defect, then defective can be can be through implementing one or more other interior welds passage and utilizing GTAW to make the root run remelting and simple defective of repairing.Different with the routine of during the method for this embodiment of the present invention, making welding passage is, said one or more interior welds passage that is used to repair root run comprises adds the weld seam packing material.
After first stop carries out NDT detecting operation and repair process (if thinking necessary), pipeline section is transferred to follow-up welding station, in the later welded station, implement more outside weldings passage, comprise final cover welding.
The method and apparatus of above-mentioned embodiment has many favourable characteristics:
Two soldering tips that the first outside weldings passage is capable of using to be used simultaneously and the gait of march of Geng Gao and deposit more quickly.This possibly be because need not utilize and should the outside bead continue to realize complete penetration, because fusion can be welded passage through GTAW and realized in inside fully.
Significantly reduce time welding interval and boost productivity.
Utilize the GTAW welding torch to realize the height assurance of complete bead fusion and complete penetration through the remelting of interior surface 1.5～2mm.
The profile of inner bead is very smooth and for anticorrosive and/or anti-fatigue performance is best.
Can in whole welding positions, reinvent the shape of inner bead, no matter and the orientation of pipe how.
This technology has higher nargin for the variation of pipe assembling.Need less time when therefore, assembling is managed in first stop.In the adoption process of multiple tube, it is so unimportant that the tolerance of pipe also becomes, and connects because pipe can high low value be at most the sufficiently high welding quality of 3mm, and this can make the cost in these projects reduce.
The GTAW technology of on the interior welds passage, using is simple relatively, does not need the filler bonding wire, and has higher reliability.
Be used to weld the wide relatively groove of the prior art needs of multiple tube to realize the abundant penetration of the first outside weldings passage.Owing to carry out realizing when inner GTAW welds passage that subsequently outside complete penetration is unimportant, so can reduce the overall width of groove.This helps reducing the number of filling the welding passage.Also have the ratio of defects of reduce filling in the welding passage potential maybe because along with the increase of the required swing width of wideer groove, the trend that in higher welding passage, produces the not enough defective of fusion is higher.
Use GTAW to allow when being rejected, to repair the root bead to a certain extent in inside, because bead can be through further welding passage and remelting.In the prior art, when the root bead is rejected, do not have Recovery Options, consequently the whole piece weld seam is excised usually.
Because the root weld passage is by remelting, so do not purge the weld metal zone before not needing externally to weld passage.Inner GTAW technology provides the final bead surface of the corrosion resistance with suboxides and enhancing.
This equipment also can be used for different groove geometries certainly.The groove geometry can be by adaptability revision suitably.The factor that should keep firmly in mind comprises: 1) if do not use copper lining, then the root face possibly need enough thick in to keep the first outside weld seam; 2) size C must be thicker than clad, to reduce the CRA material that in the welding process of the first outside weldings passage, relates to; 3) possibly be provided for the internal recess of interior welds equipment and the packing material that on the interior welds passage, uses; In this case; Dimension D and angle E need regulate size so that the TIG arc arrives in the entering groove fully; But above-mentioned size and angle can not be too big, to avoid depositing excessive filling metal.
The equipment of above-mentioned embodiment can be used for the groove geometry shown in Fig. 3 b.Groove shown in Fig. 3 b can limit through organizing parameter with next: A=3.2mm; B=2.3mm; C=3.8mm; D=4mm; E=15 °; G=3 °; R 1=3.2, R 2=2.4mm.Will observe, these parameters need be used at the packing material on the interior welds passage and be formed on the pipeline section 3a on the pipe internal surface, the groove between the 3b with bridge joint.When the heterogeneous welding of carrying out between CS and the CRA material, especially consider the issuable negative consequence of metallurgy, the selection of the groove size that requires careful consideration and the mode of implementing inside and outside welding for the welding point of gained.For example, high Ni alloy often is easy to heat cracking, and its reason is: 1) since the dilution of different materials (carbon steel) cause deterioration significantly solidify the gap; 2) there is impurity (S, P, low-melting-point metal) in the weld metal zone; With 3) dilution, the Ni ratio drops to 30%～50%, causes highly being easy to take place the heat cracking.According to thinking, allow the welding of (considering the risk of structural intergrity) CS matrix material and CRA packing material in practice, on the contrary but it is not all right.Under any circumstance, the amount of dilution that advantageously reduces the CRA material is not to hinder the Corrosion Protection of CRA material.In this embodiment; The groove geometry allows follow-up suitable filler wire (" Inconel " welding wire for example that on the CS matrix material, uses; Special Metals Corporation, the austenite nickel chromium triangle base superalloy that of New York, US make) carries out interior welds.
Should be noted that the selection of groove also possibly influence the interaction (GTAW and GTMW) between the inside and outside arc, if this arc uses and cross over simultaneously same position simultaneously.Electric arc can be through interacting with the relevant magnetic field of welding torch, makes another electric arc disturbed and cause a deviation (magnetic blow-out effect).Use inside and outside electric arc possibly make welding material overheated simultaneously at same position, cause potentially burning, this possibly damage one in the welding torch or both and/or produce unacceptable defective.Yet, found to make one deck weld seam deposition that the influence of enough protections to prevent not expect is provided owing to use inside and outside arc simultaneously.
Though the present invention describes with reference to particular and explains, the those of ordinary skill of technical field will be understood that the many different variant that does not offer some clarification among this paper under the present invention.As just for example, some possible variant will be described below.
The equipment of above-mentioned embodiment can be used for welding standard (non-compound) steel pipe.Embodiment has for example for the highly application of the carbon steel catenary risers of fatigue sensitivity.
Can implement to carry out the interior welds passage that the root run shape is controlled to the place, arbitrfary point that accomplishes fully between all outside weldings passages in the outside root weld passage of deposition.Need not implement the interior welds passage at first welding station.
The interior welds mode can comprise plasma torch, and does not comprise Gas-Tungsten-Arc weldering GTAW (TIG) welding torch.
For raising the efficiency further development can be arranged, be listed below with reliability:
PAW (or plasma-MIG mixes) technology is for the assessment of the gait of march, Penetration control and the electrode durability that improve the interior welds passage.
TIG hot weld Wiring technology is for improving the assessment of (if the interior welds passage needs) of filler metal deposition.
Commercially available special solder flux is allowed the assessment and the research of the penetration of increase TIG technology.This can help to solve in heterogeneous welding process because the final problem that the wettability of different materials causes.
To adding small amount of H 2The gas with various mixture form the assessment should improve penetration and restriction bead surface oxidation.
If in above-mentioned explanation, integral body of mentioning or key element have known, the obvious or foreseeable replacement scheme that is equal to, and the so this replacement scheme that is equal to is listed separately at this and incorporated this paper into.When quoting claims and confirm true scope of the present invention, should be interpreted as and comprise any such replacement scheme that is equal to.The reader also should be appreciated that, chooses wantonly as the integral body or the characteristic of the invention of descriptions such as preferred, favourable or conventional selection, do not limit the scope of independent claims.In addition, it should be understood that integral body or characteristic that these are optional, though maybe be favourable in part embodiment of the present invention, also possibly be also therefore possibly not existing of not expecting in other embodiment.

Claims (18)

1. a method that is used for tubing wherein welds together pipeline section to form said pipeline, and wherein said method may further comprise the steps:
Pipeline section to be welded is provided to pipe end,
Said pipeline section is set to and said pipe end adjacency, limits peripheral joint to be welded thus,
On the root of said joint to be welded, implement the outside weldings passage, in the root of said joint to be welded, deposit welding material during this period, form thus root run and
On said root run, implement the interior welds passage, said during this period root run is melted and is reinvented.
2. method according to claim 1, the wherein said step of on root run, implementing the interior welds passage utilizes non-consumable electrode to implement.
3. method according to claim 1 and 2, the wherein said step of on root run, implementing the outside weldings passage utilizes consutrode to implement.
4. according to each described method in the aforementioned claim, use a plurality of independently soldering tips in root, to deposit welding material at the different circumferential positions around said pipe wherein said comprising in the step of implementing the outside weldings passage on the root run simultaneously.
5. according to each described method in the aforementioned claim, wherein
The said generating step root run of on the root of said joint, implementing the outside weldings passage, said root run has coarse shape on the inner surface of said pipe, and
The said step of on root run, implementing the interior welds passage makes said root run remelting and reinvents, and makes that on the inner surface of said pipe, said root run has more level and smooth shape.
6. according to each described method in the aforementioned claim, wherein
The said root run of on the root of said joint, implementing the generating step incomplete fusion of outside weldings passage to said pipe, and
The said step of on root run, implementing the interior welds passage makes said root run remelting, makes said root run become and is fused to said pipe fully.
7. according to each described method in the aforementioned claim, wherein
Said method is included in the step of implementing outside cover welding passage on the weld cap of said joint to be welded, on the weld cap of said joint to be welded, deposits welding material during this period, forms cap weld thus, and
Said in the enforcement before the step of the outside cover welding passage of said enforcement is accomplished of the step of implementing the interior welds passage on the root run.
8. according to each described method in the aforementioned claim; Wherein after the said step of on root run, implementing the interior welds passage; Implement Non-Destructive Testing (NDT) step, be utilized in the quality that one or more inner video camera of said pipe detects root run during this period.
9. according to each described method in the aforementioned claim, wherein said method comprises implements repeatedly interior welds passage to each welding point.
10. according to each described method in the aforementioned claim, wherein said pipeline is a multi-layer piping, has by a metal metal level that is different from adjacent layer.
11. method according to claim 10, wherein
Said pipeline for inner carbon steel piping with corrosion-resisant alloy and
(i) step of on the root of said joint, implementing the step of outside weldings passage and (ii) on the root of said joint, implementing the interior welds passage include welding material with same type be added in the said ducted carbon steel material with said ducted corrosion-resisant alloy material in.
12. according to each described method in the aforementioned claim, at least a portion of wherein said pipeline forms at least a portion of seabed catenary risers.
13. according to each described method in the aforementioned claim, the wherein said step of on root run, implementing the interior welds passage comprises uses the plasma welding equipment.
14. a welding station that is used for pipe laying method wherein welds together pipeline section to form said pipeline, wherein said welding station comprises:
Outside weldings equipment; Comprise a plurality of soldering tips and exterior guiding equipment; Each soldering tip has at least one welding torch; Said soldering tip be set to from the outside of said pipeline section simultaneously with said pipeline section welded together with form welding point and at least in part through said exterior guiding equipment along joint to be welded be directed and
Interior welds equipment comprises that the inside alignment jig and at least one soldering tip of the inner guiding device of clamping, said soldering tip are configured such that the welding point remelting that is formed by said outside weldings equipment and are set to and be directed through the said joint in inner guiding device edge,
Said interior welds equipment and said outside weldings equipment are set to and can operate simultaneously.
15. welding station according to claim 14, the soldering tip of wherein said outside weldings equipment are the consutrode soldering tips, and the soldering tip of said interior welds equipment is the non-consumable electrode soldering tip.
16. according to claim 14 or 15 described welding stations, wherein said interior welds equipment comprises plasma torch.
17. according to each described welding station in the claim 14～16, wherein said inner alignment jig also clamping is used for from the inboard of said pipeline section said root run is implemented Non-Destructive Testing (NDT) equipment of Non-Destructive Testing.
18. a pipe-laying vessel is included in a plurality of welding stations that series connection is provided with on the pipe laying direction, at least one in the wherein said welding station is according to each described welding station in the claim 14～17.
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