CN102638970B - 用于货车车载的活家禽运输单元 - Google Patents

用于货车车载的活家禽运输单元 Download PDF

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CN102638970B
CN102638970B CN200980161532.0A CN200980161532A CN102638970B CN 102638970 B CN102638970 B CN 102638970B CN 200980161532 A CN200980161532 A CN 200980161532A CN 102638970 B CN102638970 B CN 102638970B
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M.扎诺蒂
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Ma Xitaike Co ltd
ZANOTTI MASSIMO
Giordano Poultry Plast SpA
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01KANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01KANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01KANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K31/00Housing birds
    • A01K31/06Cages, e.g. for singing birds
    • A01K31/07Transportable cages ; Travelling cages for pigeons; Opening or closing of cages
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01KANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K45/00Other aviculture appliances, e.g. devices for determining whether a bird is about to lay
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A01K45/00Other aviculture appliances, e.g. devices for determining whether a bird is about to lay
    • A01K45/005Harvesting or transport of poultry
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B65DCONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D21/00Nestable, stackable or joinable containers; Containers of variable capacity
    • B65D21/02Containers specially shaped, or provided with fittings or attachments, to facilitate nesting, stacking, or joining together
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65DCONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65DCONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D2577/00Packages formed by enclosing articles or materials in preformed containers, e.g. boxes, cartons, sacks, bags
    • B65D2577/04Articles or materials enclosed in two or more containers disposed one within another
    • B65D2577/041Details of two or more containers disposed one within another
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Abstract

一种用于货车车载的活家禽运输单元(1),包括支撑框架(2)与多个抽屉式笼子(3),抽屉式笼子具有没有通气开口并且根据气候与环境运输条件被有意地选择性地定位于支撑框架(2)的一侧(2a)或相对侧(2b)的侧壁(6)。抽屉式笼子(3)布置成单摞或两个相邻的摞,并且在这两种情况中,这种布置能够占据货车的装载甲板的整个宽度。

Description

用于货车车载的活家禽运输单元
技术领域
    本发明总体涉及从饲养地向屠宰场所运输活家禽。
背景技术
从相同申请人拥有的欧洲专利EP-1330952B1中已知一种用于运输活家禽的系统,其包括支撑框架与多个抽屉式笼子,抽屉式笼子在上部开放,并且以相互堆叠状态布置于框架中,使得抽屉式笼子的底部用作下面抽屉式笼子的盖。抽屉式笼子具有侧壁,其带用于为容纳在其中的家禽通风的通气口,并且抽屉式笼子仅能朝向与框架前侧相对的框架后侧抽出,在使用中,将要运输的家禽在框架前侧处被放入抽屉式笼子中。
该方案允许以特别简单并且实用的方式装载家禽,而不会对运输操作结束时的后续卸载操作有负面影响。
发明内容
本发明提出了一种对根据文件EP-1330952B1的发明的改进,并且其具有使根据该文件的运输系统能高效地适应气候与环境条件变化,以将家禽在运输过程中所承受的压力最大化地降低的目标。
根据本发明,该目标通过以上限定类型的用于货车车载的活家禽运输单元而实现,其区别特征在于以下事实,每个上面提及的抽屉式笼子均具有基本上没有通气口的侧壁,并且有意地将该侧壁选择性地定位于支撑框架的一侧(例如前侧)处或相对侧(例如后侧)。
在运输过程中,框架的前侧通常朝向货车甲板的一侧地布置,甲板的宽度通常适合于容纳相邻的运输单元对。框架的前侧因此直接暴露至外部环境,通常不被遮蔽或保护,因此不危害家禽的通风。根据本发明,能够将抽屉式笼子的没有通气口的侧壁选择性地定位于支撑框架的前侧或相对侧,允许以方便并且简单的方式使单元适应气候与大气运输条件:因此,在温和或夏季的温度以及较好的天气条件下,家禽运输可以以将抽屉布置成没有开口的侧壁面向货车内侧的方式进行,以便允许家禽通过面向外侧的相对侧壁的开口通风。在低温与严酷的气候条件下,布置方式可以相反,以便保护家禽不受低温和和坏天气的影响。在第二种情况中,仍然应该通过其他壁的通气口,以及通过安装到支撑框架中的抽屉式笼子之间的垂直间隔而保证家禽的通风。
支撑框架能够以仅容纳一摞或相邻的两摞堆叠的抽屉式笼子的方式成型。如下文可见的,笼子的布置与尺寸和框架的布置与尺寸是这样的,使得通常介于2.40与2.55米之间的运输货车装载甲板的宽度可以正好装下一系列成对的相邻抽屉式笼子摞,这些笼子布置在相应的成对的单个支撑框架中,或者布置在两个支撑框架中。
附图说明
现将参照附图详细描述本发明,这些附图仅用于示例性与非限制性目的,其中:
图1为根据本发明实施例的用于货车车载的活家禽运输单元的示意性正面透视图;
图2为该单元的背面透视图;
图3为图1的正面立面视图;
图4为相似于图3,示出单元的不同结构的视图;
图5为在图1-4中表示的运输单元的一个抽屉式笼子的示意性透视图;以及
图6为以俯视图例示用于货车车载的根据本发明的活家禽运输单元的可能布置的图示。
具体实施方式
首先参照图1-3,其参考数字1整体上表示根据本发明用于货车车载的活家禽运输单元的单元或模块。
以大致对应于前述文献EP-1330952B1中图示与描述的方式,单元1包括稳健的金属支撑框架2,该框架2通常为平行六面体形状,并且被预先布置成支撑一摞堆叠的抽屉式笼子3(其中五个在示例的实施例中),其中之一在图5中详细表示。
支撑框架2的尺寸可以设计为接收单摞的抽屉式笼子3,如在附图中表示的实施例的情况,或者接收两摞相邻的抽屉式笼子3。
每个抽屉式笼子3均方便地由大致平行六面体形成,该平行六面体由带有底壁4,较大侧壁5、6(大约1271mm长)以及较小侧壁7(大约1211mm长),在上部开口的模制塑料材料组成。这些抽屉式笼子可以方便地与那些根据专利EP-0867113B1,由Giordano Poultry Plast S.P.A制造与销售的抽屉式笼子相似,也具有实质的不同:虽然较大的侧壁5与较小的侧壁7以带有各自的多个通气开口的方式形成,开口通常是网格结构的,但是较大的侧壁6是封闭的,因为没有通气口。这种侧壁6具有一对间隔开的狭缝8,其可用作用于握持抽屉式笼子3的把手。
而且,每个抽屉式笼子3的底部4优选的,尽管并不必要,基本上没有开口。
支撑框架2包括托盘座9,用于通过叉车等方式操作单元1,从托盘座延伸出来的为角立柱10,这些角立柱在上部由可抽出的顶部框架12连接。水平固定至立柱10为用于支撑抽屉式笼子3的滑动的侧向导轨13,侧向导轨以这种方式定位,使得堆叠在框架1中的这些抽屉式笼子3在垂直方向上彼此分离,同时每个抽屉式笼子3的底壁4尽管与下面的抽屉式笼子的上部间隔开,还是用作下部抽屉式笼子3的盖。上部抽屉式笼子3由顶盖12关闭。
根据前述文献EP-1330952的教导,框架2还以这种方式构造,使得允许抽屉式笼子3沿着导轨13的部分或全部滑动抽出仅发生在框架2的背侧部分上,背侧部分由图2中的2b表示,并且为了获得这种效果,并不将背侧部分关闭。在相对侧或前侧上阻碍抽出,前侧由图1、3、4中的2a表示。为了这种目的,沿前侧2a施加的是额外的垂直立柱14,抽屉式笼子3的较大侧壁5或对应的6倚靠垂直立柱14。
支撑框架1的侧面还可以通过另外的对角元件15而获得刚性。
以这种布置,通过与在前述EP-1330952中描述的相同的方法获得了在饲养地点将家禽装载到抽屉式笼子3中,首先从支撑框架2的背侧2b部分地拉出位于下抽屉式笼子3之上的抽屉式笼子3,拉出大约它们纵向部分的一半。随后,从支撑框架2的前侧2a,在将家禽引入最下边的笼子3直至其装满之后,随后将紧挨着的上抽屉式笼子3重新定位到支撑框架2中,以这种方式关闭下部抽屉式笼子3。重复这种过程直至装满最上边的抽屉式笼子3,随后这个抽屉式笼子通过顶盖12关闭。
因此将装载好的单元1运送到货车甲板上。单元1的尺寸是这样的,通常的卡车甲板例如允许其两个两个地相邻定位,相应支撑框架2的前侧2a朝向外侧。如在下文中详细可观察到的,这样布置有利于占据甲板的整个宽度。
当将家禽卸载到屠宰场所时,抽屉式笼子3可以从框架2的背侧2b被完全滑动地拉出。
由于此前描述的抽屉式笼子3的结构,运输单元1可以容易地适应气候与大气运输条件,以获得家禽在从饲养地向屠宰场所运输过程中所受到的压力的最大程度的降低。根据本发明,这通过将抽屉式笼子3布置到支撑框架2中,不带有开口的相应的壁6选择性在框架2的前侧2a或背侧2b来实现。在第一种情况中,如图1和3所示(以及图2中为反向)包含在抽屉式笼子3中的家禽,由于支撑框架2在甲板上被布置成其前侧2a朝向外侧,所以在低温和/或坏天气情况下更好地被保护。以这种布置,抽屉式笼子3内部的家禽通风仍通过朝向货车内侧的壁5与7的开口以及这些抽屉式笼子3之间的垂直间隔来保障。
在第二种情况中,如图4中表示的,其中抽屉式笼子3定位于支撑框架2中,其中不具有开口的相应壁6朝向背侧2b,并且因此朝向货车内侧(即,设有开口的壁5朝向外侧),保持了包含在抽屉式笼子3中的家禽在高温气候条件下的自由通风。在这种情况中,没有开口的壁6不用于任何目的。
这种选择性布置既不改变用于将家禽装载到抽屉式笼子3中的方法,也不以任意方式在运输步骤结束时改变用于卸载家禽的方法。
图6示例了用于将根据本发明的运输单元1定位于运输货车A的装载甲板P上的方法。
通常,运输货车A的装载甲板P的宽度的尺寸包含在2.40与2.55米之间。根据本发明,图中表示的单元1具有约为1350mm长的较大水平尺寸(对应于将家禽装载到抽屉式笼子3的一侧)以及大约1211mm长的较小水平尺寸:通过沿较小尺寸方向两个两个地彼此相邻地布置单元1,并且相应框架2的前装载侧面2a朝向货车A的甲板P的相对侧,可以完全占据这种甲板P ,覆盖其整个宽度。这在图6的两个底部图中表示,左侧的一个对应于夏天环境条件,右边的一个对应于冬天环境条件。在第一种情况中,抽屉式笼子3布置于各自的框架2中,封闭的侧壁6朝向内侧,而在第二种情况中,封闭的侧壁6朝向外侧。在这两种情况中都将一对单元1的框架2的前装载侧面2a定位成彼此相邻。
如之前已经观察的,支撑框架2可以预布置成包含相邻的两摞而不是一摞抽屉式笼子3,并且在这种情况中,根据本发明的双单元1的尺寸应该是这样的,其完全占据货车A的甲板P的宽度范围。
这种结构在图6的两个上部顶视图中示出,并且左侧的一个对应于夏天环境条件,右边的一个对应于冬天环境条件。双单元1方便地具有大约2500mm长的较大水平尺寸以及大约1285mm长的较小水平尺寸。通过将该双单元1布置成较大尺寸相对于甲板P横向地取向,以及框架2的前装载侧2a朝向甲板P本身的后(或前)端,在这种情况中,甲板也可以被沿宽度范围完全占据。而且在这种情况中,在夏天环境条件中,将抽屉式笼子3布置于框架2内的方式是封闭的侧壁6朝向内侧,而在冬天环境条件中,同样地,封闭的侧壁6布置成朝向外侧。双单元1的框架2的前装载侧2a的位置,在该情况中正交于抽屉式笼子3的封闭侧6。
明显地,运输单元的结构细节与实施例可以相对于描述与示例的广泛变化,不脱离如在随后的权利要求中限定出的本发明的保护范围。

Claims (8)

1.一种用于货车(A)车载的活家禽运输单元,包括支撑框架(2)与多个抽屉式笼子(3),所述抽屉式笼子在上部开放,并且以相互堆叠状态布置于所述支撑框架(2)中,其中所述抽屉式笼子(3)的底部(4)提供下面抽屉式笼子(3)的盖,所述抽屉式笼子(3)具有带有通气开口的侧壁(5、7),并且仅朝向相对于支撑框架(2)的前侧(2a)的支撑框架(2)的背侧(2b)可抽出,在使用过程中,将要运输的家禽在所述前侧被引入所述抽屉式笼子(3),其特征在于,每个所述抽屉式笼子(3)具有没有通气开口的侧壁(6),并且有意地将所述没有通气开口的侧壁(6)选择性地定位于所述支撑框架(2)的所述前侧(2a)或所述背侧(2b),以使所述没有通气开口的侧壁(6)朝向货车(A)的内侧或外侧。
2.根据权利要求1所述的单元,其特征在于,所述抽屉式笼子(3)布置成单摞。
3.根据权利要求2所述的单元,其特征在于,其具有这样的尺寸,使得其在连接至与之紧邻的相同单元(1)后,占据货车(A)的装载甲板(P)的整个宽度。
4.根据权利要求2或3所述的单元,其特征在于,所述支撑框架(2)的所述前侧(2a)可定位于货车(A)的甲板(P)的侧面。
5.根据权利要求1所述的单元,其特征在于,所述抽屉式笼子(3)布置成为在单个支撑框架(2)中的相邻摞。
6.根据权利要求5所述的单元,其特征在于,其具有尺寸以占据货车(A)的装载甲板(P)的整个宽度。
7.根据权利要求1、2、3、5、6中的任一项所述的单元,其特征在于,所述没有通气开口的侧壁(6)具有一对间隔开的狭缝(8),其限定出用于握持所述抽屉式笼子(3)的把手。
8.根据权利要求1、2、3、5、6中的任一项所述的单元,其特征在于,所述抽屉式笼子(3)以相互垂直间隔开的方式布置于所述支撑框架(2)的滑动导轨(13)上。
CN200980161532.0A 2009-07-20 2009-07-20 用于货车车载的活家禽运输单元 Expired - Fee Related CN102638970B (zh)

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