CN102636459B - Forward scattering and transmission combined visibility measuring instrument and measuring method thereof - Google Patents
Forward scattering and transmission combined visibility measuring instrument and measuring method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a forward scattering and transmission combined visibility measuring instrument and a measuring method thereof. The forward scattering and transmission combined visibility measuring instrument comprises a transmitter, a transmission receiver, a scattering receiver and a controller, wherein the transmitter is used for transmitting a light signal to the transmission receiver and the scattering receiver; the transmission receiver is used for converting a received optical signal into a transmission electric signal; the scattering receiver is used for converting the received optical signal into an electric signal; and the controller is used for receiving the electric signals sent from the transmission receiver and the scattering receiver and calculating according to the two electric signals to obtain visibility. Comparison measurement is carried out on a scattered signal and a transmission signal to obtain atmospheric extinction coefficient, thus atmospheric visibility is obtained. Measurement of a transmission light is added on the basis of forward scattering measurement, and a transmission measured value is taken as reference and can correct the visibility, so as to reduce pollution of environmental dust to a lens and influence of factors, such as power reduction caused by ageing of a light-emitting diode, to a measuring result of an instrument, thus measurement accuracy of the instrument is improved and a cleaning period of the lens is prolonged.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of transmittance meter and measuring method thereof, transmittance meter and measuring method thereof that espespecially a kind of forward scattering is combined with transmission.
Background technology
Visibility is a very important key element in meteorological observation, it observe and predict the not only synoptic analysis for meteorological department, be also used for describing the pollution level of atmosphere, be to atmospheric pollution situation directly reflection; Along with scientific and technological development, various visibility automatic measurers are being constantly updated.China is increasing to the demand of visibility automatic measurer, the especially demand of the aspect such as present stage expressway construction fast development and forest fire detection, and development cost performance is high, and volume is little, lightweight, and the visiometer of being convenient to fill school is of great importance.
Popular visibility instrument in the market is mainly divided into transmission-type and diffuse transmission type.Transmission-type visibility instrument is because of needs baseline, and occupation of land scope is large, installs complicatedly, is not suitable for that highway is along the line, forest and the seashore station, is mainly used in Civil Aviation System.Diffuse transmission type visiometer is divided into again Back and forward scattering type: Back sample volume is larger, simple in structure, but can not there be high shelter in front; Forward scattering type, with the little and cheap price of its volume, is widely used in the system such as harbour, highway.Visiometer is the same with other meteorologic instrument, just needs to work without cessation once start, and this is a kind of precision and instrument in outfield work debug simultaneously.From whole transmittance meter, instrument luminotron is aging can have influence on the measuring accuracy of instrument with camera lens pollution, even if can change light source and cleaning camera lens, replacing and cleaning once also bother very much.
Summary of the invention
The problem existing for prior art, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of measuring accuracy high, be subject to instrument luminotron and less transmittance meter and the measuring method thereof of environmental impact.
For achieving the above object, the transmittance meter that forward scattering of the present invention is combined with transmission, comprises transmitter, transmission receiver, scattering receiver and controller, and transmitter is used for to transmission receiver and scattering receiver utilizing emitted light signal; Transmission receiver is for being converted to electric signal by the light signal receiving; Scattering receiver is for being converted to electric signal by the light signal receiving; The electric signal that controller is sent for receiving described transmission receiver and scattering receiver, and calculate visibility according to two electric signal.
Further, the optical axis of described transmitter, transmission receiver and scattering receiver is on same surface level, and transmission receiver is arranged on the right opposite of transmitter; Scattering receiver is arranged on the side opposite of transmitter, and is a scattering angle with transmitter; The equivalent optical path of transmitter to the light path of transmission receiver and transmitter to scattering receiver.
Further, the scattering angle between described transmitter and scattering receiver is 20 °-50 °.
Further, the scattering angle between described transmitter and scattering receiver is preferably 35 °.
The visibility measurement method that forward scattering of the present invention is combined with transmission, comprises the following steps: 1) control transmitter to transmission receiver and scattering receiver utilizing emitted light signal; 2) transmission receiver and scattering receiver are converted to electric signal by the light signal receiving respectively; 3) electric signal that controller reception transmission receiver and scattering receiver are sent, and calculate visibility according to two electric signal.
Further, calculating visibility first needs the electric signal of sending according to transmission receiver and scattering receiver to calculate atmospheric extinction coefficient, and the measurement equation of atmospheric extinction coefficient is:
Wherein, σ: extinction coefficient; I:i gets 1 expression scattering receiver, and i gets 2 expression transmission receivers; S
ri: the spectrum sensitivity of the photoelectric commutator of receiver i, unit: A/W; T
ri: the optical transmittance of receiver i; A
ri: effective Receiver aperture of receiver i, unit: cm
2; R
oi: the pull-up resistor of receiver i; A
gi: the gain of the amplifying circuit of receiver i, the angle of divergence that α is light beam, θ is scattering angle.
The transmittance meter that forward scattering of the present invention is combined with transmission and measuring method thereof, obtain atmospheric extinction coefficient by scattered signal and transmission signal measurement of comparison, thereby record atmospheric visibility.On the basis of measuring in forward scattering, increase the measurement of a road transmitted light, as a reference visibility is revised with transmission measured value, to reduce the impact of degradation factor on apparatus measures result under the pollution of ambient dust on camera lens and the aging power causing of luminotron.The measuring accuracy that improves instrument extends the cleaning cycle of camera lens.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of transmittance meter of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the optical path schematic diagram of transmittance meter of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the process flow diagram of visibility measurement method of the present invention.
Embodiment
As shown in Figure 1, the transmittance meter that forward scattering of the present invention is combined with transmission, comprises transmitter 1, transmission receiver 2, scattering receiver 3 and controller 4, and transmitter 1 is for to transmission receiver 2 and scattering receiver 3 utilizing emitted light signals; Transmission receiver 2 is for receiving the light signal from transmitter 1, and this light signal is converted to electric signal; Scattering receiver 3 is for receiving the light signal from transmitter 1, and this light signal is converted to electric signal; Controller 4 is for receiving the electric signal from transmission receiver 2 and scattering receiver 3, and calculates visibility according to two electric signal.
As shown in Figure 2, the optical axis of transmitter 1, transmission receiver 2 and scattering receiver 3 is on same surface level, and transmission receiver 2 is arranged on the right opposite of transmitter 1; Scattering receiver 3 is arranged on the side opposite of transmitter 1, and is a scattering angle with transmitter 1; Transmitter 1 is 1.2 meters with the equivalent optical path of transmission receiver 2 and scattering receiver 3.Scattering angle between transmitter 1 and scattering receiver 3 is 20 °-50 °, and in order better to accept scattered light, transmitter 1 and scattering receiver 3 are preferably 35 ° of angles, and its sampling capacity is about 200cm
3(0.2 liter).
As shown in Figure 3, transmitter 1, transmission receiver 2 and scattering receiver 3 all adopt the structure identical with corresponding component in existing transmittance meter.It is that the infraluminescence pipe (LED) of 850nm is light source that transmitter 1 adopts wavelength, light signal is fainter in forward scattering direction ratio, in order to extract Forward scattering signal under larger noise background, transmitting illuminant is modulated with the square wave of 3.6KHZ, and provided reference signal for the phase-locked amplifying circuit of scattering receiver 3.Receiver comprises optical system, photodetector, amplifying circuit, filtering circuit, phase-locked amplifying circuit, its function be realize to the accurate extraction of light signal with accurately measure, scattering receiver 3 and transmission receiver 2 are designed to that circuit structure is identical but parameter is different.When visiometer work, by photoelectric commutator, the luminous energy conversion process receiving is become to electric signal, after the simulation process such as amplification filtering, export controller 4 to.Controller 4 comprises AT89S8285 microprocessor, except data receiver and internal control, is also responsible for the communication of its serial ports RS-232, simultaneously the break-make of well heater in the electric power thus supplied of monitoring emitter and receiver and control transmitter.Scattering receiver 3 receives the scattered light obtaining through forward scattering, light signal is after optical filter filtering parasitic light, be converted to electric signal by photoelectric switching circuit, after the simulation process such as premenstrual storing is large, bandpass filtering and phase sensitive detection, then after being changed by a/D converter circuit, send into microprocessor; In like manner, transmission signal again through processing such as amplification filtering, is sent into microprocessor after being changed by analog to digital conversion circuit after opto-electronic conversion, and transmission signal, as comparing and measuring with reference to signal and Forward scattering signal, carries out numerical evaluation.The Core Feature of controller 4 is that visibility signal is carried out to computing effectively, visibility need to be measured real-time and accurately, Single-chip Controlling per minute is surveyed a secondary data and is then sent once by RS232 serial ports, wherein sampling should be carried out for every 100ms, be stored in array, due to the impact of the factors such as extraneous interference, after sorting data, remove maximum, minimum value is averaged, the result that this mean value calculation goes out is as visibility value now.Per minute is surveyed a visibility value, then sends a secondary data.
In the present invention, the calculating of visibility draws by the following derivation of equation:
The Voltage-output of transmission receiver 2:
The Voltage-output of scattering receiver 3:
Be easy to get, the measurement equation of visiometer atmospheric extinction coefficient:
Wherein, P
0: the emissive power of transmitter, unit: W;
T
e: the optical transmittance of transmitter;
I:i gets 1 expression scattering receiver, and i gets 2 expression transmission receivers;
T
ri: the optical transmittance of receiver i;
A
ri: effective Receiver aperture of receiver i, unit: cm
2;
S
ri: the spectrum sensitivity of the photoelectric commutator of receiver i, unit: A/W;
R
oi: the pull-up resistor of receiver i, the Ω of unit;
A
gi: the gain of the amplifying circuit of receiver i;
σ: extinction coefficient.
In above formula, only having the optical transmittance of scattering receiver and transmission receiver is Uncertainty.But, we select identical two receiver lenss of parameter, the optical transmittance that is arranged on two eyeglasses under equivalent environment under isotropic hypothesis can think consistent, so its ratio is 1, known by above formula analysis: the calculating that double light path is measured extinction coefficient σ only with the intrinsic relating to parameters of system, with transmitting terminal P
0irrelevant, therefore its measurement result is not subject to the impact that luminotron is aging.Lower three the camera lens pollution condition of equivalent environment are similar, and both compare and have reduced camera lens and pollute the impact on measurement result, extend cleaning cycle.
It is to be noted that above-described embodiment is exemplary the present invention is illustrated, the random variation that spirit according to the present invention is made, all should not think disengaging protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. the transmittance meter that forward scattering is combined with transmission, is characterized in that, comprises transmitter, transmission receiver, scattering receiver and controller, and transmitter is used for to transmission receiver and scattering receiver utilizing emitted light signal; Transmission receiver is for being converted to electric signal by the light signal receiving; Scattering receiver is for being converted to electric signal by the light signal receiving; The electric signal that controller is sent for receiving described transmission receiver and scattering receiver, and calculate visibility according to two electric signal; Obtain atmospheric extinction coefficient by scattered signal and transmission signal measurement of comparison, on the basis of measuring in forward scattering, increase the measurement of a road transmitted light, as a reference visibility is revised with transmission measured value; It is light source that transmitter adopts infraluminescence pipe, transmitting illuminant is modulated with the square wave of 3.6KHZ, and is provided reference signal for the phase-locked amplifying circuit of scattering receiver.
2. the transmittance meter that forward scattering as claimed in claim 1 is combined with transmission, is characterized in that, the optical axis of described transmitter, transmission receiver and scattering receiver is on same surface level, and transmission receiver is arranged on the right opposite of transmitter; Scattering receiver is arranged on the side opposite of transmitter, and is a scattering angle with transmitter; The light path of transmitter and transmission receiver, the equivalent optical path of transmitter and scattering receiver.
3. the transmittance meter that forward scattering as claimed in claim 2 is combined with transmission, is characterized in that, the scattering angle between described transmitter and scattering receiver is 20 °-50 °.
4. the transmittance meter that forward scattering as claimed in claim 3 is combined with transmission, is characterized in that, the scattering angle between described transmitter and scattering receiver is preferably 35 °.
5. a visibility measurement method for the transmittance meter as described in claim 1-4 any one, comprises the following steps: 1) control transmitter to transmission receiver and scattering receiver utilizing emitted light signal; 2) transmission receiver and scattering receiver are converted to electric signal by the light signal receiving respectively; 3) electric signal that controller reception transmission receiver and scattering receiver are sent, and calculate visibility according to two electric signal; Obtain atmospheric extinction coefficient by scattered signal and transmission signal measurement of comparison, on the basis of measuring in forward scattering, increase the measurement of a road transmitted light, as a reference visibility is revised with transmission measured value, it is light source that transmitter adopts infraluminescence pipe, transmitting illuminant is modulated with the square wave of 3.6KHZ, and provided reference signal for the phase-locked amplifying circuit of scattering receiver.
6. visibility measurement method as claimed in claim 5, is characterized in that, calculating visibility first needs the electric signal of sending according to transmission receiver and scattering receiver to calculate atmospheric extinction coefficient, and the measurement equation of atmospheric extinction coefficient is:
Wherein, σ: extinction coefficient; I:i gets 1 expression scattering receiver, and i gets 2 expression transmission receivers; S
ri: the spectrum sensitivity of the photoelectric commutator of receiver i, unit: A/W; T
ri: the optical transmittance of receiver i; A
ri: effective Receiver aperture of receiver i, unit: cm
2; R
oi: the feedback resistance of the prime amplifier of receiver i; A
gi: the gain of the amplifying circuit of receiver i; V
1o: scattering receiver Voltage-output; V
2o: transmission receiver Voltage-output; A: optical axes crosspoint O point is to the distance of transmitter; L: the distance of transmission receiver and transmitter; Ω: the field angle of receiver is the half of transmitting light beam at surface level plane subtended angle;
for constant,
be that scattering θ direction scattering coefficient and total scattering coefficient are proportional; θ: scattering angle; α
s: beam divergence angle.
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| CN102879359B (en) * | 2012-09-26 | 2015-03-25 | 中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院 | Atmospheric visibility measuring system |
| CN103323424A (en) * | 2013-05-20 | 2013-09-25 | 高云 | Double-channel forward scattering visibility detection device and detection method |
| CN103278478B (en) * | 2013-06-03 | 2015-03-25 | 中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院 | Calibrating method of forward scattering type visibility meter |
| CN103344610A (en) * | 2013-07-03 | 2013-10-09 | 邱宁 | CDMA (code division multiple access) forward scatter visibility detector and detection method |
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| CN104267002B (en) * | 2014-10-16 | 2016-09-07 | 四川鼎林信息技术有限公司 | Improve transmission-type visibility meter and the measuring method thereof of accuracy of measurement |
| CN104749138A (en) * | 2015-03-24 | 2015-07-01 | 北京赛凡光电仪器有限公司 | Method for shielding background radiation influences in visibility meter |
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| CN108758997A (en) * | 2018-06-13 | 2018-11-06 | 苏州若依玫信息技术有限公司 | A kind of smart home air exchange system based on signal light scattering |
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| CN111257233A (en) * | 2020-03-24 | 2020-06-09 | 河南中原光电测控技术有限公司 | Extinction device |
| CN112730342B (en) * | 2020-12-22 | 2022-11-01 | 中环天仪（天津）气象仪器有限公司 | Transmission-type visibility standard ware measurement system |
| CN112907984A (en) * | 2021-01-14 | 2021-06-04 | 淮阴师范学院 | Remote sensing monitoring and intelligent early warning equipment for mass fog on highway |
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| CN114923880A (en) * | 2022-05-25 | 2022-08-19 | 浙江省大气探测技术保障中心 | Self-compensation visibility measuring system and method and self-cleaning device |
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