CN102589748B - Environmental temperature measurement method based on optical fiber Rayleigh and Brillouin principle - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides an environmental temperature measurement method based on an optical fiber Rayleigh and Brillouin principle. An optical fiber sensing system is composed of a semiconductor laser device, a circulator, a photoelectric detector and a sensing optical cable. In a measurement process, pulse light sent out by the semiconductor laser device is injected into the sensing optical cable through the circulator, back side Rayleigh scattering and Brillouin scattering signals of the sensing optical cable are received from the circulator by the photoelectric detector, so that heterodyne frequency mixing is carried out on the signals in the photoelectric detector; then, an output signal of the photoelectric detector is used for determining a Rayleigh frequency shift of each point on the sensing optical cable; and finally, the temperature of each point on an optical fiber is calculated by utilizing a relation model between the Rayleigh frequency shift and the temperature, so as to realize temperature measurement. Compared with the conventional method, the requirement on a light source line width is reduced, an external modulating unit is saved, the system structure is simplified, the system cost is reduced and the system performance is improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method of utilizing optical fiber testing environment Temperature Distribution situation, belong to field of measuring technique.
Background technology
Optical fiber Brillouin temperature profile measuring technique is a kind of novel measuring technique, have and only need one-shot measurement can obtain along the tested field distribution information of whole optical fiber, measuring accuracy is high, accurate positioning, distance sensing can reach the distinct advantages such as kilometers up to a hundred, has broad application prospects in fields such as the industry heavy construction structural health situation on-line monitorings such as electric power, oil, geology, water conservancy, building and localizations of fault.
The measuring accuracy, measurement range and the spatial resolution that in temperature survey, reach based on the profile sensing technology of optical fiber Brillouin scattering be all higher than other sensing technology, and therefore this technology has caused widely and pays close attention to.At present, the research direction based on the profile sensing technology of optical fiber Brillouin scattering mainly contains: 1. based on the profile optical fiber sensing technology of Brillouin light Time Domain Reflectometry (BOTDR); 2. based on the profile optical fiber sensing technology of Brillouin optical time domain analysis (BOTDA); 3. based on the profile optical fiber sensing technology of Brillouin light frequency-domain analysis (BOFDA).
In above-mentioned three kinds of sensor-based systems, the BOTDR sensor-based system is simple in structure, only needs a light source, can single-endedly measure, easy to operate, supports breaking point detection, so the most extensive for the research of technique.
The domestic and international optical fiber Brillouin temperature profile of analysis-by-synthesis sensor-based system, light source all adopts narrow linewidth laser, and obtains required light pulse by external modulation, and system is too complicated, and very expensive, has greatly improved the temperature detection cost.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, provide a kind of cheaply based on the environment temperature measuring method of fiber Rayleigh and Brillouin principle.
The alleged problem of the present invention realizes with following technical proposals:
A kind of environment temperature measuring method based on fiber Rayleigh and Brillouin principle, it utilizes semiconductor laser, circulator, photoelectric detector and sensing optic cable form optical fiber sensing system, when measuring temperature, sensing optic cable is placed in to test environment, the pulsed light that semiconductor laser is sent injects sensing optic cable through circulator, and utilize photoelectric detector to receive Rayleigh scattering dorsad and the brillouin scattering signal from sensing optic cable from circulator, make the two in photoelectric detector, carry out heterodyne mixing, then by the output signal of photoelectric detector, determined the Brillouin shift of every bit on sensing optic cable
, finally utilize the relational model of Brillouin shift and temperature
calculate the temperature of every bit on optical fiber, thereby realize temperature survey, wherein,
frequency displacement for the Brillouin scattering under reference temperature,
Tvariable quantity for temperature,
for the Brillouin shift temperature coefficient.
Above-mentioned environment temperature measuring method based on fiber Rayleigh and Brillouin principle, the output spectrum of described semiconductor laser is comprised of a plurality of spectral lines.
Above-mentioned environment temperature measuring method based on fiber Rayleigh and Brillouin principle, determined the Brillouin shift of every bit on sensing optic cable by the output signal of photoelectric detector
Concrete steps as follows:
A. the output terminal at photoelectric detector arranges frequency changer, described frequency changer comprises low noise amplifier, frequency mixer, frequency synthesizer and electrical filter, the electric signal of photoelectric detector output carries out heterodyne mixing with the microwave signal of frequency synthesizer output in frequency mixer after low noise amplifier amplifies, the difference frequency signal of frequency mixer output is transported to signal extraction unit after electrical filter is processed;
B. the centre frequency of regulating frequency synthesizer, utilize the collection of signal extraction unit settling signal, obtains a brillouin scattering signal intensity and the two-dimensional curve of time;
C. change the centre frequency of frequency synthesizer, then with the frequency displacement of brillouin scattering signal
v B Carry out heterodyne mixing, namely obtain an other brillouin scattering signal intensity and the two-dimensional curve of time, re-adjustments frequency synthesizer step-length, thereby obtain the brillouin scattering signal intensity of a series of corresponding different frequencies and the two-dimensional curve of time, finally obtain the three-dimensional curve about signal intensity, frequency, time of corresponding whole signal spectrum, a point on the corresponding optical fiber of each point on the time shaft of this three-dimensional curve;
D. each point along fiber distribution simulates Lorentz curve, and on Lorentz curve, the corresponding frequency values of signal intensity maximal value is the Brillouin shift of this point.
Above-mentioned environment temperature measuring method based on fiber Rayleigh and Brillouin principle, the pulsed light that semiconductor laser sends were used the adjustable gain image intensifer to amplify before entering circulator, and by the noise signal of wave filter filtering by the image intensifer introducing.
The semiconductor laser that the present invention adopts is general semiconductor laser instrument (Laser diode, the LD light source), semiconductor laser is directly modulated, carried out temperature survey by the method that same fiber Rayleigh and Brillouin scattering heterodyne mixing detect, with the narrow linewidth laser about the 1MHz of traditional method use, compare, it has reduced the requirement to the light source live width, adopt the general semiconductor laser instrument to get final product, it has saved the external modulation unit, simplified system architecture, reduce system cost, improved system performance.
The accompanying drawing explanation
The invention will be further described below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
Fig. 1 is the spectral composition schematic diagram of common LD light source;
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of optical fiber sensing system of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of frequency changer;
The three-dimensional curve schematic diagram of the signal intensity that Fig. 4 sensor-based system of the present invention measures, frequency, time;
Fig. 5 is to the optical fiber point place measurement data Lorentz curve that carries out Lorentz fit, obtain repeatedly.
Symbol used in literary composition:
, Brillouin shift; BOTDR, Brillouin light Time Domain Reflectometry; BOTDA, Brillouin optical time domain analysis;
, the Brillouin scattering under reference temperature frequency displacement;
T,The variable quantity of temperature;
, the Brillouin shift temperature coefficient; LD, semiconductor laser;
P, power;
E(
t) enter to inject the electric field of optical fiber;
, a plurality of spectral lines the electric field of Rayleigh scattering light;
, a plurality of spectral lines the electric field of Brillouin scattering;
v s , the Stokes light frequency;
v As , the anti-Stokes light frequency;
n, medium refraction index,
C , the light velocity in vacuum;
V a , the velocity of sound in optical fiber;
E, medium Young modulus;
μ, the medium Poisson ratio;
ρ,Media density.
Embodiment
The present invention is based on following principle and proposes:
For common LD, its output spectrum consists of a lot of spectral lines, and the wider stimulated Brillouin scattering threshold value of light source frequency spectrum is higher, and the launched power that sensor-based system allows is larger, and Brillouin's signal is stronger.This ordinary light source can reduce the Rayleigh coherent noise, therefore can obtain system signal noise ratio preferably.The LD output spectrum as shown in Figure 1, calculate formula and provided by (1) formula, wherein by its output power
iSequence number number for the output spectrum spectral line.
If enter to inject the electric field of optical fiber, be:
The electric field of the Rayleigh scattering light of a plurality of spectral lines that the optical fiber same position produces can be expressed as
In formula (2)
RMean Rayleigh scattering signal.
The electric field of the Brillouin scattering of a plurality of spectral lines that the optical fiber same position produces can be expressed as
In formula (3)
BMean brillouin scattering signal,
jSequence number number for the output spectrum spectral line.
Photoelectric detector detects back-scattering light, and responsiveness is α, and its output photoelectric stream can be expressed as
Will
E R(
t) and
E B(
t) substitution obtains
First two is direct current signal, therefore only need to analyze the multiplication cross item,
（6）
When
i=
jThe time, brillouin scattering signal and Rayleigh scattering signal that a certain light source self spectral line produces carry out heterodyne mixing, because the two has definite phase relation, so output signal frequency equals Brillouin shift, Brillouin scattering and Rayleigh scattering heterodyne mixing output signal that each spectral line of light source produces are superimposed upon
Place, show as peak value.And work as
i≠
jThe time, heterodyne mixing between heterodyne mixing, each spectral line of Brillouin scattering between each spectral line of light source produces in optical fiber each spectral line of Rayleigh scattering, and heterodyne mixing between Rayleigh scattering and each spectral line of Brillouin scattering, because coherence between them is very poor, the phase place stochastic distribution, signal after heterodyne mixing is superimposed, and shows as a kind of random ground unrest, and intensity is lower.
So, adopt common LD directly to modulate not only cheap, simple in structure, and can obtain signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) preferably.The problem poor for common LD coherence, that light frequency stability is lower, need to further analyze.
Although the coherence of common LD is very poor, same light source spectral line must be concerned with in Rayleigh scattering and the Brillouin scattering that the optical fiber same point produces; In the process along transmission dorsad, as long as the delay inequality of the Rayleigh scattering that fibre-optical dispersion causes and Brillouin scattering is less than the coherence time of binary signal, the two namely keeps the coherence.
Although the stability of common LD output light frequency is lower, and by the drive current of modulation LD, realize again, the modulation center of luminous power certainly leads to frequency chirp, but, in the process to Rayleigh scattering in same optical fiber and the detection of Brillouin scattering heterodyne mixing, the frequency drift of light source and frequency chirp can be cancelled out each other, thereby can the detection of Brillouin's signal not exerted an influence.
Because common LD spectral line is wider, when adopting common LD as system source, optical fiber has the stimulated Brillouin scattering threshold value when adopting the single mode light source, therefore can improve the launched power of system.In addition, common LD light source can reduce the Rayleigh coherent noise, and the light source frequency spectrum is wider, and the Rayleigh coherent noise is lower, therefore adopts common LD can obtain system signal noise ratio preferably.
Suppose that the LD output spectrum is smooth, the LD output spectrum is wider, and namely the spectral line number is more, and brillouin scattering signal is stronger, thereby is conducive to improve measuring accuracy, spatial resolution and distance sensing.The combination frequency that the suitably frequency response of design photoelectric detector, frequency are not equal to Brillouin shift as
Deng all, exceeded the sensing range of photoelectric detector, do not considered.
Therefore, the Rayleigh scattering in same optical fiber and Brillouin scattering are carried out to self-heterodyne mixing detection, will obtain Brillouin's difference frequency signal of intensity much larger than cross modulation.
Because Brillouin shift is directly proportional to temperature signal, thereby just can obtain temperature information by detecting Brillouin shift.
Below, with reference to the Brillouin temperature measurement system of relevant drawings to the content design according to the present invention, describe.
At first, introduce the principle of utilizing optical fiber Brillouin scatterometry temperature.
According to classical theory, any medium is at the above temperature of absolute zero, all exist consisting of the formed continuous elastic mechanics vibration of particle (atom, molecule or ion) spontaneous heating campaign, this elastic vibration causes that Media density rises and falls with space periodicity in time, correspondingly in spontaneous acoustic wavefield of the inner generation of medium.When the light orientation incides in medium, it will be subject to the scattering of Self-sounding wave field in medium, Brillouin scattering that Here it is.Stokes ratio in Brillouin scattering and anti Stokes scattering light are called Brillouin shift with respect to the frequency displacement of incident light, and it is determined by acoustic characteristic, Elasticity and the thermoelasticity characteristic of medium, in addition with incident light frequency
v 0And scattering angle
Relevant.Brillouin shift
v B Can be expressed as:
In formula,
v s For the Stokes light frequency;
v As For the anti-Stokes light frequency;
nFor medium refraction index,
C For the light velocity in vacuum;
V a For the velocity of sound in optical fiber.The velocity of sound wherein
V a By following formula, provided
In formula,
E,
μWith
ρBe respectively Young modulus, Poisson ratio and the density of medium.For common quartz medium optical fiber, its scattered light mainly occurs in dorsad, therefore, in the analysis of back, only considers the situation of backscattering, namely
.
In optical fiber, exist thermo-optic effect, temperature changes optical fibre refractivity by thermo-optic effect, and makes simultaneously
E,
μWith
ρChange, thus the Brillouin shift of change optical fiber.Therefore,
n,
E,
μWith
ρAnd
v BBe temperature
TFunction, might as well be designated as
n(
T),
E(
T),
μ(
T),
ρ(
T) and
v B(
T), so can be obtained by formula (7) and formula (8)
（9）
Therefore, by the size of measuring optical fiber difference place Brillouin shift, can obtain the distributed intelligence of temperature, realize optical-fiber temperature measuring.Through a large amount of experimental study and theoretical analysises, set up the relational model of following Brillouin frequency shifts and temperature:
（10）
Wherein,
v B0 Frequency displacement for the Brillouin scattering under reference temperature;
TVariable quantity for temperature;
C VT For the Brillouin shift temperature coefficient.For the sensor-based system of a reality, by the calibration to system and data are carried out to match can obtain coefficient
C VT Quantitative values, thereby set up the quantitative relationship of accurate Brillouin frequency shifts and temperature, realize that temperature accurately measures.
In exemplifying embodiment below, measure Brillouin shift according to sensor-based system of the present invention, can calculate temperature variation according to formula (10).
Fig. 2 has provided the structural representation of optical fiber sensing system, and concrete structure comprises common LD light source, pulse producer, adjustable gain image intensifer, optical filter, circulator, sensor fibre, photoelectric detector, frequency changer, clock control cell, signal extraction unit and information output and display unit.
In order to realize the profile measurement, need to be to sensor fibre injected pulse light, this system becomes pulsed light by the mode of direct modulation by Laser Modulation.The clock control cell trigger generator, pulse producer is started working, generation meets the pulse signal of system requirements, this pulse signal makes it send pulsed light by the drive current of the driving circuit semiconductor laser modulation of semiconductor laser, now luminous power is lower, needs to amplify through the adjustable gain image intensifer.Image intensifer can be introduced spontaneous emission noise to system, needs to equal through bandwidth this noise signal of optical filter filtering of light source spectrum width.By circulator 1 mouthful of pulsed light after denoising is injected in sensor fibre.Regulate the gain of image intensifer, make launched power be less than the stimulated Brillouin scattering threshold value of sensor fibre.Light transmits in optical fiber, can produce Rayleigh scattering and Brillouin scattering, occur in dorsad Rayleigh scattering and brillouin scattering signal along the optical fiber reverse transfer, arrive 2 mouthfuls of circulator, scattered light one-way transmission in circulator is passed through 3 mouthfuls of outputs, the back-scattering light of output is converted into electric signal through photoelectric detector, and electric signal carries out conversion and processing by frequency changer.
The structure of frequency changer is provided by Fig. 3, specifically comprises low noise amplifier, frequency synthesizer, frequency mixer and wave filter.Backscatter signals is after photoelectric detector is converted into electric signal, and because back-scattering light is very faint, frequency, in the 11GHz left and right, need to be amplified it with low noise amplifier.Frequency synthesizer produces the microwave signal of 11GHz left and right, electric signal after amplification carries out heterodyne mixing through the microwave signal of frequency mixer and frequency synthesizer generation, after heterodyne mixing, produce one and frequency component and a difference frequency component, wave filter filtering and frequency component and noise, the residue difference frequency component is to treat further processing.
Clock control cell trigger pip extraction unit, complete processing and the extraction of output information, and by information output and display unit, carry out output and the demonstration of information, obtain intensity, frequency, the three-dimensional curve of time about Brillouin spectrum, thereby realize temperature survey.
While specifically measuring, the centre frequency of regulating frequency synthesizer, make the frequency displacement of the brillouin scattering signal of its output microwave signal and photoelectric detector output
v B Frequency difference drop in lower frequency band, by signal extraction unit, the collection of settling signal, obtain a brillouin scattering signal intensity and the two-dimensional curve of time.Then, the stepping of regulating frequency synthesizer changes its centre frequency, then with the frequency displacement of brillouin scattering signal
v B Carry out heterodyne mixing, namely obtain an other brillouin scattering signal intensity and the two-dimensional curve of time.Re-adjustments frequency synthesizer step-length, thereby obtain the brillouin scattering signal intensity of a series of corresponding different frequencies and the two-dimensional curve of time, reach the scanning to whole signal spectrum, finally obtain the three-dimensional curve about intensity, frequency, time, measure curve synoptic diagram and provide by Fig. 4.Each point along fiber distribution simulates Lorentz curve as shown in Figure 5, and the frequency values that on Lorentz curve, maximum point is corresponding is Brillouin shift, thereby realizes the measurement to temperature.
Claims (2)
1. environment temperature measuring method based on fiber Rayleigh and Brillouin principle, it is characterized in that, it utilizes semiconductor laser, circulator, photoelectric detector and sensing optic cable form optical fiber sensing system, when measuring temperature, sensing optic cable is placed in to test environment, the pulsed light that semiconductor laser is sent injects sensing optic cable through circulator, and utilize photoelectric detector to receive Rayleigh scattering dorsad and the brillouin scattering signal from sensing optic cable from circulator, make the two in photoelectric detector, carry out heterodyne mixing, then by the output signal of photoelectric detector, determined the Brillouin shift of every bit on sensing optic cable
, finally utilize the relational model of Brillouin shift and temperature
calculate the temperature of every bit on optical fiber, thereby realize temperature survey, wherein,
frequency displacement for the Brillouin scattering under reference temperature,
Tvariable quantity for temperature,
for the Brillouin shift temperature coefficient,
The output spectrum of described semiconductor laser is comprised of a plurality of spectral lines;
Described output signal by photoelectric detector is determined the Brillouin shift of every bit on sensing optic cable
Concrete steps as follows:
A. the output terminal at photoelectric detector arranges frequency changer, described frequency changer comprises low noise amplifier, frequency mixer, frequency synthesizer and electrical filter, the electric signal of photoelectric detector output carries out heterodyne mixing with the microwave signal of frequency synthesizer output in frequency mixer after low noise amplifier amplifies, the difference frequency signal of frequency mixer output is transported to signal extraction unit after electrical filter is processed;
B. the centre frequency of regulating frequency synthesizer, utilize the collection of signal extraction unit settling signal, obtains a brillouin scattering signal intensity and the two-dimensional curve of time;
C. change the centre frequency of frequency synthesizer, then with the frequency displacement of brillouin scattering signal
v B Carry out heterodyne mixing, namely obtain an other brillouin scattering signal intensity and the two-dimensional curve of time, re-adjustments frequency synthesizer step-length, thereby obtain the brillouin scattering signal intensity of a series of corresponding different frequencies and the two-dimensional curve of time, finally obtain the three-dimensional curve about signal intensity, frequency, time of corresponding whole signal spectrum, a point on the corresponding optical fiber of each point on the time shaft of this three-dimensional curve;
D. each point along fiber distribution simulates Lorentz curve, and on Lorentz curve, the corresponding frequency values of signal intensity maximal value is the Brillouin shift of this point.
2. according to claim 1 based on the environment temperature measuring method of fiber Rayleigh and Brillouin principle, it is characterized in that, the pulsed light that semiconductor laser sends also should be used the adjustable gain image intensifer to amplify before entering circulator, and by the noise signal of wave filter filtering by the image intensifer introducing.
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| CN105471509A (en) * | 2014-09-10 | 2016-04-06 | 福州高意通讯有限公司上海分公司 | Backward laser injection type optical amplification device and method |
| JP6308160B2 (en) * | 2015-03-31 | 2018-04-11 | 沖電気工業株式会社 | Optical fiber strain measuring device and optical fiber strain measuring method |
| CN107290063B (en) * | 2017-06-30 | 2019-12-10 | 华中科技大学鄂州工业技术研究院 | Seawater temperature measuring method and system |
| CN107560644B (en) * | 2017-07-20 | 2020-01-14 | 全球能源互联网研究院 | Distributed optical fiber sensing device based on signal multiplexing perception and demodulation |
| JP6866815B2 (en) * | 2017-09-25 | 2021-04-28 | 沖電気工業株式会社 | Optical fiber strain measuring device and optical fiber strain measuring method |
| CN109632863A (en) * | 2018-12-07 | 2019-04-16 | 华中科技大学鄂州工业技术研究院 | Specific heat at constant volume measuring method, device, equipment and the storage medium of atmosphere |
| CN110501092B (en) * | 2019-09-25 | 2022-05-27 | 华北电力大学（保定） | Temperature extraction method of Brillouin optical fiber sensing system |
| CN112697180B (en) * | 2020-11-27 | 2022-03-18 | 南京大学 | Fusion type distributed optical fiber sensing system and method for simultaneously measuring temperature and vibration |
| CN113008281A (en) * | 2021-02-26 | 2021-06-22 | 中煤科工集团重庆研究院有限公司 | Distributed optical fiber sensing system based on fusion of Rayleigh and Brillouin scattering |
| CN113819931B (en) * | 2021-09-28 | 2023-06-16 | 北京卫星环境工程研究所 | Brillouin frequency shift extraction method for BOTDR and BOTDA fusion |
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