CN114923880A - Self-compensation visibility measuring system and method and self-cleaning device - Google Patents
Self-compensation visibility measuring system and method and self-cleaning device Download PDFInfo
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- CN114923880A CN114923880A CN202210575713.5A CN202210575713A CN114923880A CN 114923880 A CN114923880 A CN 114923880A CN 202210575713 A CN202210575713 A CN 202210575713A CN 114923880 A CN114923880 A CN 114923880A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/47—Scattering, i.e. diffuse reflection
- G01N21/49—Scattering, i.e. diffuse reflection within a body or fluid
- G01N21/53—Scattering, i.e. diffuse reflection within a body or fluid within a flowing fluid, e.g. smoke
- G01N21/538—Scattering, i.e. diffuse reflection within a body or fluid within a flowing fluid, e.g. smoke for determining atmospheric attenuation and visibility
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/01—Arrangements or apparatus for facilitating the optical investigation
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/01—Arrangements or apparatus for facilitating the optical investigation
- G01N21/15—Preventing contamination of the components of the optical system or obstruction of the light path
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/59—Transmissivity
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/01—Arrangements or apparatus for facilitating the optical investigation
- G01N21/15—Preventing contamination of the components of the optical system or obstruction of the light path
- G01N2021/155—Monitoring cleanness of window, lens, or other parts
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A90/00—Technologies having an indirect contribution to adaptation to climate change
- Y02A90/10—Information and communication technologies [ICT] supporting adaptation to climate change, e.g. for weather forecasting or climate simulation
Abstract
The invention discloses a self-compensation visibility measuring system, a self-compensation visibility measuring method and a self-cleaning device. The method comprises the steps of establishing standard visibility information, visibility measurement, data analysis and processing and data exchange, and can quickly and accurately calculate the degree of lens pollution and improve the precision of lens pollution compensation. The self-cleaning device comprises a swinging assembly, a cleaning assembly, a negative pressure dust collection assembly and a heating module, and can automatically clean the lens, so that the accuracy of measurement is improved, and the manual cleaning intensity is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of meteorological environment visibility detection, in particular to a self-compensation visibility measuring system and method and a self-cleaning device.
Background
Visibility is an important observation element in ground meteorology, and the influence caused by visibility cannot be ignored in the fields of life, military, science and technology and the like. Currently common visibility measuring instruments can be roughly classified into two types, namely, a transmission type and a forward scattering type, according to the measuring principle. The two measuring instruments can complete basic visibility measuring tasks on different occasions, but as optical equipment, the two measuring instruments are inevitably affected by lens contamination, so that the measured value of the visibility is deviated, and maintenance personnel are required to wipe and maintain the lens regularly. The measurement deviation caused by lens pollution is reduced, and the problem needs to be solved by various visibility meters at present.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a self-compensation visibility measuring system, a self-compensation visibility measuring method and a self-cleaning device, wherein the system adopts double light paths for receiving, automatically compensates the pollution condition of a lens, and has measuring accuracy.
In order to realize the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a self-compensation visibility measuring system comprises a supporting frame, an emitting unit and a transmission receiving unit, wherein the emitting unit and the transmission receiving unit are both arranged on the supporting frame, the supporting frame is also provided with a scattering receiving unit and a central control unit, and the emitting unit, the transmission receiving unit and the scattering receiving unit are all electrically connected with the central control unit; the transmitting unit, the transmission receiving unit and the scattering receiving unit are positioned on the same horizontal plane, the transmitting unit and the transmission receiving unit are linearly arranged, and the scattering receiving unit and the transmission receiving unit are obliquely arranged; the scattering receiving unit is movably arranged on the support frame through a rotating assembly; the self-compensation visibility measuring system also comprises an upper computer, and the central control unit is electrically connected with the upper computer; the transmission receiving unit receives the optical signal sent by the transmitting unit, converts the optical signal into an electric signal and sends the electric signal to the central control unit; the scattering receiving unit receives a forward scattering light signal of the atmosphere, converts the forward scattering light signal into an electric signal and sends the electric signal to the central control unit; the central control unit analyzes and integrates the received electric signals and sends the electric signals to the upper computer.
Preferably, the inclination angle between the scattering receiving unit and the transmission receiving unit is 20-50 °.
Preferably, the central control unit comprises a main controller, a watchdog module, a real-time clock module, a power module, a temperature and humidity sensor, a voltage monitoring module, an alarm module, a communication module, an ethernet control module, a storage module and an analog-to-digital conversion module, wherein the watchdog module, the real-time clock module, the power module, the temperature and humidity sensor, the voltage monitoring module, the alarm module, the communication module, the ethernet control module, the storage module and the analog-to-digital conversion module are all electrically connected with the main controller.
Preferably, the transmitting unit comprises a voltage stabilizing source module, a level conversion module and a constant current driving module which are sequentially connected in series, wherein the voltage stabilizing source module is used for stabilizing the input voltage, outputting constant voltage and driving the infrared LED lamp by using the constant voltage; the level conversion module is used for performing two-stage comparison on the input voltage and then outputting a stable square wave; the constant current driving module is used for stabilizing and adjusting the current of the infrared LED lamp.
Preferably, the support frame includes the mount pad, supports montant and branch, it is fixed to support the montant and settle on the mount pad, it has two to support to settle montant other end branch, emission unit and transmission receiving list are settled respectively on a branch.
Preferably, the runner assembly includes bracing piece, collar, first gear, second gear and rotation driving motor, it installs to rotate driving motor fixed on the support frame, the collar is rotatable to be installed on the support frame, first gear is fixed to be installed on rotation driving motor output shaft, the second gear is fixed to be installed on the collar, and first gear meshes with the second gear mutually, bracing piece one end is fixed to be installed on the collar, and the bracing piece other end is installed the scattering receiving element.
A detection method of a self-compensating visibility measurement system, the detection method comprising:
establishing standard visibility information, using a transmitting unit to transmit infrared light under the conditions of normal weather and uniformly distributed atmosphere, receiving an infrared light signal passing through a region to be detected by a transmission receiving unit, converting the optical signal into an electric signal and transmitting the electric signal to a central control unit; the scattering receiving unit receives a forward scattering light signal of the atmosphere passing through the region to be detected, converts the forward scattering light signal into an electric signal and sends the electric signal to the central control unit; the scattering receiving unit is adjusted in multiple angles, and forward scattering light signals of the atmosphere are repeatedly received; establishing standard visibility information in a central control unit through the acquired signals;
secondly, visibility measurement is carried out, wherein an emitting unit is used for emitting infrared light, a transmission receiving unit is used for receiving infrared light signals passing through a region to be measured, and the optical signals are converted into electric signals to be sent to a central control unit; the scattering receiving unit receives a forward scattering light signal of the atmosphere passing through the region to be detected, converts the forward scattering light signal into an electric signal and sends the electric signal to the central control unit; adjusting the angle of the scattering receiving unit to be consistent with the angle adjusted in the step one, and repeatedly receiving forward scattering light signals of the atmosphere; establishing visibility information in a central control unit through the acquired signals;
and step three, analyzing and processing data, namely converting the light intensity received by the transmission receiving unit and the scattering receiving unit in the step one into corresponding electric signals according to the principle that the receiving voltage of the transmission receiving unit and the scattering receiving unit is positively correlated with the received light intensity, namely the voltage of the scattering receiving unit can be obtained by multiplying the received light intensity of the scattering receiving unit by the system gain of the scattering receiving unit:
U s ＝I s ·N 1
similarly, the voltage of the transmission-reception unit may be obtained by multiplying the light intensity received by the transmission-reception unit by the system gain of the transmission-reception unit:
Ut＝It·N2
in the formula: i is s For scattering the intensity of light received by the receiving unit, I t For transmitting the intensity of light received by the receiving unit, U s For scattering the voltage of the receiving unit, U t Is a voltage of the transmission receiving unit, N 1 System gain, N, for a scatter-receiving unit 2 System gain of the transmission receiving unit;
taking the ratio of the voltage value of the scattering receiving unit to the voltage value of the transmission receiving unit as an evaluation reference, namely:
converting the light intensities collected in the step two and respectively corresponding to the different receiving angles of the scattering receiving unit in the step one into electric signals, wherein the signal conversion principle is the same as that of the above, namely, the voltage of the scattering receiving unit in the lens pollution state can be obtained by multiplying the light intensity received in the lens pollution state of the scattering receiving unit by the system gain of the scattering receiving unit:
Us’＝Is’·N1
similarly, the voltage of the lens of the transmission and reception unit in the contamination state can be obtained by multiplying the intensity of light received by the lens of the transmission and reception unit in the contamination state by the system gain of the transmission and reception unit:
Ut’＝It’·N2
in the formula: i is s ' is the intensity of light received by the lens of the scattering receiving unit in a contaminated state, I t ' is the light intensity received by the lens of the transmission receiving unit in a contaminated stateDegree, U s ' is the voltage of the scattering reception unit lens in a contaminated state, U t ' is a voltage in a contaminated state of a lens of the transmission receiving unit, N 1 System gain, N, for a scatter-receiving unit 2 System gain of the transmission receiving unit;
because the three lenses are in the same environment and the lens parameters are the same, the pollution degree of the three lenses is generally consistent, and I is the same under the same visibility s ' and I t ' may be expressed as:
Is’＝K·Is
It’＝K·It
in the formula: k is a calibration parameter;
taking the ratio of the voltage value of the scattering receiving unit to the voltage value of the transmission receiving unit in the lens pollution state as an evaluation basis, namely:
performing linear fitting on the ratio of the voltage value of the scattering receiving unit to the voltage value of the transmission receiving unit in the step one and the ratio of the voltage value of the scattering receiving unit to the voltage value of the transmission receiving unit in the step two to obtain a calibration parameter, and compensating the electric signal output by the transmission receiving unit according to the calibration parameter;
and step four, exchanging data, namely sending the visibility data compensated in the step three to an upper computer.
Preferably, the scattering and receiving unit receives forward scattered light signals of the atmosphere every 5 degrees in the first step, and the angle adjusting position of the scattering and receiving unit in the second step corresponds to the first step.
A self-cleaning device of a self-compensation visibility measurement system comprises three swinging components, a cleaning component, a negative pressure dust collection component and three heating modules, wherein the three heating modules are respectively provided with one heating module on a transmitting unit, a transmission receiving unit and a scattering receiving unit; the cleaning assembly and the negative pressure dust collection assembly are both arranged on the swinging assembly, the swinging assembly comprises a swinging rod and a linear driving member, the swinging rod is hinged on the rotating assembly, one end of the linear driving member is fixedly arranged on the rotating assembly, and the other end of the linear driving member is hinged on one end of the swinging rod; the cleaning assembly comprises a water storage tank, a water pipe and an atomizer, the water storage tank is fixedly arranged on the rotating assembly, the atomizer is arranged at the other end of the swinging rod, and two ends of the water pipe are respectively arranged on the water storage tank and the atomizer in a sealing manner; the negative pressure dust collection assembly comprises a negative pressure fan and a suction head, the suction head is arranged on the swinging rod, one end of the suction head is connected with the negative pressure fan through a pipeline, and the negative pressure fan is arranged on the rotating assembly.
Preferably, the heating module is a thermistor or a thermistor wire, and the thermistor or the thermistor wire is arranged inside the lens of the transmitting unit, the transmitting receiving unit or the scattering receiving unit.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
a transmission receiving unit is added, a structural form of a transmitting pipeline and two receiving light paths is adopted on the whole, on the basis of a light source, the visibility of an area to be measured can be measured, the degree of pollution of a lens can also be measured, the measured visibility can be compensated conveniently, and the accuracy of visibility measurement is improved.
The inclination angle between the scattering receiving unit and the transmission receiving unit is set to be 20-50 degrees, the size of scattering particles in the range hardly has any influence on the intensity of scattering light, and the reliability of system visibility compensation is improved. The transmission receiving unit measures a plurality of received light intensities within the angle adjusting range, so that the measurement error caused by local pollution of the lens is avoided, and the measurement accuracy of the lens pollution is improved.
The arranged storage unit can store the data information measured by the system, so that the subsequent viewing is convenient. The watchdog module can detect the program of the system, and the influence of the program entering into the dead cycle on the measurement result is avoided. The temperature and humidity sensor monitors the temperature and humidity of the environment in real time and can provide reference for cleaning operation of the self-cleaning device. Through the host computer, the user can accomplish data analysis indoor, also can carry out simple maintenance to measuring instrument.
The emitting unit that sets up comprises three modules of steady voltage source module, level conversion module and constant current drive module, and steady voltage source module can provide stable voltage for infrared LED lamp, and constant current drive module can provide stable electric current for infrared LED lamp, and the infrared LED lamp that invariable voltage and electric current are is luminous with constant power, therefore the emitting unit can emit stable infrared light, has avoided the infrared light of the unstable intensity that the emitting unit launches to influence visibility measuring accuracy.
The adopted detection method comprises the steps of firstly establishing standard visibility information, then carrying out visibility measurement on an area to be measured, comparing the measured information with the standard visibility information to obtain the pollution degree of a lens, and further carrying out corresponding compensation on the measured visibility value according to the pollution degree to realize accurate compensation.
The cleaning assembly and the negative pressure dust collection assembly can clean pollutants on the surfaces of the lenses of the transmitting unit, the transmission receiving unit and the scattering receiving unit, so that the accuracy of visibility measurement is improved, the frequency of manually wiping the lenses is reduced, the time period for maintaining the instrument is prolonged, and the popularization and the application of each large unmanned meteorological observation point are facilitated.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the measuring system of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a measurement system according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a partial structure of the measurement system of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic circuit diagram of a regulated power supply module of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a level shift module circuit according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a constant current driving module circuit according to the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a central control unit according to the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a software schematic diagram of the upper computer of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic view of the principle of pollution-free lens detection according to the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of the post-lens contamination detection principles of the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of the compensation principle of the system of the present invention;
FIG. 12 is a schematic view of the self-cleaning apparatus of the present invention;
in the figure: 1. a support frame; 2. a transmitting unit; 3. a transmission receiving unit; 4. a scatter receiving unit; 5. a central control unit 6, a swing assembly; 7. a rotating assembly; 8. cleaning the assembly; 9. a negative pressure dust collection assembly; 10. a mounting base; 11. supporting a vertical rod; 12. a strut; 13. reinforcing ribs; 14. an upper computer; 15. a heating module; 60. a swing lever; 61. a linear drive member; 70. a support bar; 71. a mounting ring; 72. a first gear; 73. a second gear; 74. rotating the drive motor; 80. a water storage tank; 81. a water pipe; 82. an atomizer; 90. a negative pressure fan; 91. a suction head.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further explained with reference to the accompanying drawings:
as shown in fig. 1, fig. 2 and fig. 3, the self-compensating visibility measuring system includes a supporting frame 1, an emitting unit 2 and a transmission receiving unit 3, wherein the emitting unit 2 and the transmission receiving unit 3 are both fixedly mounted on the supporting frame 1, and a scattering receiving unit 4 and a central control unit 5 are also fixedly mounted on the supporting frame 1. In one embodiment, the support frame 1 comprises a mounting seat 10, a support vertical rod 11 and a support rod 12, the support vertical rod 11 is fixedly mounted on the mounting seat 10 by welding, two support rods 12 are fixedly mounted on the top ends of the support vertical rods 11 by welding, and the transmitting unit 2 and the transmission receiving unit 3 are respectively fixedly mounted on the top surfaces of the support rods 12. The top surfaces of the two struts 12 lie in the same horizontal plane. In one embodiment, a plurality of reinforcing ribs 13 are installed on the installation base 10, the reinforcing ribs 13 are triangular, one end of each reinforcing rib 13 is fixedly installed on the top surface of the installation base 10 through welding, the other end of each reinforcing rib 13 is fixedly installed on the corresponding supporting vertical rod 11 through welding, and the number of the reinforcing ribs 13 is four. The mounting base 10 is provided with four mounting holes, and the mounting base 10 is fixedly mounted by bolts penetrating through the mounting holes.
The emission unit 2, the transmission receiving unit 3 and the scattering receiving unit 4 are located on the same horizontal plane, the emission unit 2 and the transmission receiving unit 3 are arranged linearly, the scattering receiving unit 4 and the transmission receiving unit 3 are arranged obliquely, in one embodiment, the inclination angle between the scattering receiving unit 4 and the transmission receiving unit 3 is 20-50 degrees, and the scattering particle size has almost no influence on the scattering light intensity in the range. The transmitting unit 2, the transmission receiving unit 3, and the scattering receiving unit 4 are all electrically connected to a central control unit 5.
The scattering receiving unit 4 is rotatably mounted on the support frame 1 by a rotating assembly 7. The rotating assembly 7 comprises a supporting rod 70, a mounting ring 71, a first gear 72, a second gear 73 and a rotating driving motor 74, the rotating driving motor 74 is fixedly mounted on the supporting vertical rod 11 through a fastener, the mounting ring 71 is rotatably mounted on the supporting vertical rod 11 through a bearing, the first gear 72 is fixedly mounted on an output shaft of the rotating driving motor 74 through a key, the second gear 72 is fixedly mounted on the mounting ring 71 through a fastener, the first gear 71 and the second gear 72 are in meshing transmission, one end of the supporting rod 70 is fixedly mounted on the mounting ring 71 through a fastener or welding, and the other end of the supporting rod 70 is fixedly mounted with the scattering receiving unit 4 through a bolt. When the specific implementation, the second gear 73 specifically is fan-shaped internal gear, sets up a mechanical stopper respectively at second gear 73 both ends, and under the effect of two mechanical stoppers, collar 71 can only rotate 30. The rotation driving motor 74 is a stepping motor or a servo motor, and the rotation driving motor 74 can be controlled to rotate by a designated angle by the central control unit 5.
The emission unit 2 includes a voltage stabilization source module, a level conversion module and a constant current driving module, which are sequentially connected in series, referring to fig. 4, 5 and 6, the voltage stabilization source module is used for stabilizing voltage input by an external power supply, outputting constant voltage, and driving the infrared LED lamp by using the constant voltage. In one embodiment, 5V is used as an input voltage, and after a corresponding peripheral circuit is built, stable 4.096V is obtained from an output end, and the voltage value is used as a peak voltage when the infrared LED lamp is driven. The core of the whole circuit is an ADR4540 voltage-stabilizing chip, the output noise of the chip is low, and the precision deviation is small.
The level conversion module is used for outputting stable square waves after two-stage comparison of input voltage, and a circuit core device of the level conversion module is an LM393 comparator which is a double-voltage comparator, a typical OC open circuit design is adopted, and the power supply voltage is 5V. For an OC gate, its collector is floating, and in use, a pull-up resistor must be connected externally to a regulated voltage source for driving. The OC gate circuit can output different amplitudes according to the amplitude of the voltage stabilizing source. In the embodiment, a 4.096V voltage stabilizing source is connected with the output end of the comparator through a pull-up resistor R8. The input signal of the circuit is obtained by processing pulse square waves generated by a central control unit 5, the high level amplitude of the input signal is 3.3V, the duty ratio is 50%, and the frequency is 2.048 KHz. The signals input by the 3-pin and 5-pin non-inverting input terminals are voltage division signals of VCC, and the voltage value of the voltage division signals is lower than 3.3V. After two-stage comparison, the output end outputs stable square waves with the high level of 4.096V by combining the characteristics of the OC gate.
The constant current driving module is used for stabilizing and adjusting the current of the infrared LED lamp. The circuit core devices of the constant current driving module are an SGM8552 operational amplifier and an 8050 triode of Santa Claus MicroSeen, and the design that an emitter follower is connected after operational amplification is adopted. A feedback circuit is introduced between the emitter output end and the input end, so that the circuit is more stable. After the triode is conducted, the emitter current and the collector current are almost consistent. Then the driving current can be obtained from the average current across R18, and the driving current can also be changed by changing the resistance of the resistor. In the embodiment, TSAL6100 of VISIHAY company is selected as the infrared LED lamp, the emission half angle is 10 degrees, the peak wavelength is 940nm, the maximum power is 40mw, and the size is 5 mm.
The central control unit 5 comprises a main controller, a watchdog module, a real-time clock module, a power module, a temperature and humidity sensor, a voltage monitoring module, an alarm module, a communication module, an ethernet control module, a storage module and an analog-to-digital conversion module, wherein the watchdog module, the real-time clock module, the power module, the temperature and humidity sensor, the voltage monitoring module, the alarm module, the communication module, the ethernet control module, the storage module and the analog-to-digital conversion module are all electrically connected with the main controller, and see fig. 7. In this embodiment, the central control unit 5 is designed based on AT91SAM9G20, the power supply voltage of the whole motherboard is 12V, and the peripheral devices such as two high-speed a/D acquisition chips, a hardware watchdog, an ethernet card, a real-time clock, a temperature and humidity sensor, a voltage monitoring system, an alarm system, and a USB interface are mounted, and the peripheral devices are provided with a DEBUG serial port and a communication serial port, the DEBUG serial port is used for maintaining and controlling background information, and the communication serial port is used for transmitting data to the upper computer 14. The software design of the system is based on an ARM hardware platform, a Linux operating system is carried, A/D acquisition, monitoring of various system states and serial port communication are completed, and the system further has the functions of time management, watchdog resetting, state indication and alarm, system upgrading and the like; the upper computer software compiled in the Qt environment is utilized to realize human-computer interaction through the RS-232 protocol, the data frame can be analyzed, relevant data can be stored in time, and the state information and the measured value of the terminal can be displayed on an upper computer interface.
This self compensating formula visibility measurement system still includes host computer 14, central control unit 5 and host computer 14 electric connection, and central control unit 5 gives host computer 14 with the signal of telecommunication after the analysis integration, can realize this system's measuring visibility value in real time on host computer 14, and the long-range observation of user of being convenient for, user's person also can be through the opening and closing of host computer 14 remote control central control unit 5 this system visibility measurement, the operation of being convenient for. In this embodiment, a piece of upper computer software is designed based on the Qt5 platform, and communicates with the control terminal through RS-232, and the upper computer can control the terminal through a preset instruction while receiving a data frame, as shown in fig. 8. In order to facilitate later data analysis and processing, after receiving a data frame each time, software writes the data frame into a txt file, extracts and analyzes minute data, and writes the minute data into an excel file. In the data frame obtained from the terminal, only the scattering terminal voltage and the transmission terminal voltage exist, so that the software background finishes the algorithm processing from the average receiving voltage to the visibility in minutes and displays the visibility value in minutes.
As shown in fig. 1 to fig. 11, a detection method of a self-compensation visibility measurement system includes:
step one, establishing standard visibility information, using the transmitting unit 2 to transmit infrared light under the conditions of normal weather and uniformly distributed atmosphere, receiving an infrared light signal passing through a region to be detected by the transmitting and receiving unit 3, converting the optical signal into an electric signal and transmitting the electric signal to the central control unit 5. The scatter receiving unit 4 receives a forward scattered light signal of the atmosphere passing through the region to be measured, converts the forward scattered light signal into an electric signal, and sends the electric signal to the central control unit 5.
Under normal weather conditions, when the scattering angle is between 20 degrees and 50 degrees, the phase function P (θ) is substantially constant regardless of the size of the scattering particles, and the phase function Ps (θ), the scattering coefficient Cs, the scattering light intensity I (θ), and the incident light intensity I0 have the following relationships:
i (θ) ═ I0 · Cs · Ps (θ) caucimide: the horizontal sky is taken as the background, the target object is observed from a far place and the target object is observed from a near place respectively, and the brightness contrast in two cases has a certain relation, namely the Cauchimedes relation is satisfied:
C r ＝C 0 ·e -σx
in the formula, C r : brightness contrast of the object viewed from a distance; c 0 : the brightness contrast of the target object is seen from near; x: the distance between the two observation points; σ: is the extinction coefficient, which represents that portion of the luminous flux that an incandescent lamp of colour temperature 2700K emits a parallel beam and is lost after a unit distance in the atmosphere. In the atmosphere, the extinction coefficient is generally determined by both the scattering coefficient and the absorption coefficient.
If the target is black, assuming that the whole atmosphere to be measured is uniform, namely the extinction coefficient is constant, and calculating C r By taking the contrast threshold epsilon, the Cauchimedes derivative can be obtained:
ε＝e-σx
taking the logarithm on both sides of the equation can obtain:
where x represents the visibility value, when the contrast threshold epsilon is taken to be 0.05, the Meteorological Optical Range (MOR) is obtained:
in actual measurement, the electronic instrument cannot directly obtain the extinction coefficient, and only can obtain the voltage value variation caused by scattered light, so that the measured voltage value needs to be linked with the extinction coefficient.
In meteorological optics, the extinction coefficient, the scattering coefficient and the absorption coefficient theoretically satisfy the relational expression:
σ＝Cs+Ca
in the formula: cs: a scattering coefficient; ca: a scattering coefficient; but in general, absorption of light by the atmosphere is generally not considered. Then the extinction coefficient σ ≈ Cs, then:
then for even atmospheric environment (extinction coefficient is unchanged), the stability of the light source of the transmitting end is ensured under the condition of neglecting the absorption effect of atmosphere on light, under the condition that the parameters of the measuring system are unchanged, the change condition of visibility can be obtained through scattered light intensity, and the scattered light intensity I (theta) is in positive correlation with scattered voltage Us, then:
in the formula: k is a calibration parameter, and the value can be obtained in later actual calibration.
The scattering receiving unit 4 is adjusted at multiple angles through the rotating assembly 7, and the forward scattering light signals of the atmosphere are repeatedly received. The standard visibility information is established in the central control unit 5 by means of the collected signals.
Secondly, visibility measurement is carried out, wherein an emitting unit is used for emitting infrared light, a transmission receiving unit is used for receiving infrared light signals passing through a region to be measured, and the optical signals are converted into electric signals to be sent to a central control unit; the scattering receiving unit receives forward scattering light signals of the atmosphere passing through the region to be detected, converts the forward scattering light signals into electric signals and sends the electric signals to the central control unit; adjusting the angle of the scattering receiving unit, wherein the angle is consistent with the angle adjusted in the step one, and repeatedly receiving forward scattering light signals of the atmosphere; establishing visibility information in a central control unit through the acquired signals;
step three, analyzing and processing data, converting the light intensity received by the transmission receiving unit and the scattering receiving unit in the step one into corresponding electric signals according to the principle that the receiving voltage of the transmission receiving unit and the scattering receiving unit is positively correlated with the received light intensity, namely the voltage of the scattering receiving unit can be obtained by multiplying the received light intensity of the scattering receiving unit by the system gain of the scattering receiving unit:
U s ＝I s ·N 1
similarly, the voltage of the transmission-reception unit may be obtained by multiplying the light intensity received by the transmission-reception unit by the system gain of the transmission-reception unit:
Ut＝It·N2
in the formula: i is s For scattering the intensity of light received by the receiving unit, I t For transmitting the intensity of light received by the receiving unit, U s For scattering the voltage of the receiving unit, U t For transmitting the voltage of the receiving unit, N 1 System gain, N, for a scatter-receiving unit 2 System gain of the transmission receiving unit;
taking the ratio of the voltage value of the scattering receiving unit to the voltage value of the transmission receiving unit as an evaluation reference, namely:
converting the light intensities collected in the step two and respectively corresponding to the different receiving angles of the scattering receiving unit in the step one into electric signals, wherein the signal conversion principle is the same as that of the above, namely, the voltage of the scattering receiving unit in the lens pollution state can be obtained by multiplying the light intensity received in the lens pollution state of the scattering receiving unit by the system gain of the scattering receiving unit:
Us′＝Is′·N1
similarly, the voltage of the lens of the transmission and reception unit in the contamination state can be obtained by multiplying the intensity of light received by the lens of the transmission and reception unit in the contamination state by the system gain of the transmission and reception unit:
Ut′＝It′·N2
in the formula: I.C. A s ' is the intensity of light received by the lens of the scattering receiving unit in a contaminated state, I t ' intensity of light received in a contaminated state of lens of transmission reception unit, U s ' is the voltage of the scattering reception unit lens in a contaminated state, U t ' is a voltage in a contaminated state of the lens of the transmission receiving unit, N 1 System gain, N, for a scatter-receiving unit 2 System gain of the transmission receiving unit;
because the three lenses are in the same environment and the lens parameters are the same, the pollution degree of the three lenses is generally consistent, and I is the same under the same visibility s ' and I t ' can be expressed as:
Is′＝K·Is
It′＝K·It
in the formula: k is a calibration parameter;
taking the ratio of the voltage value of the scattering receiving unit to the voltage value of the transmission receiving unit in the lens pollution state as an evaluation basis, namely:
and performing linear fitting on the ratio of the voltage value of the scattering receiving unit to the voltage value of the transmission receiving unit in the step one and the ratio of the voltage value of the scattering receiving unit to the voltage value of the transmission receiving unit in the step two to obtain a calibration parameter, and compensating the electric signal output by the transmission receiving unit according to the calibration parameter.
The automatic compensation algorithm is as follows: in the whole measurement process, only one light source light path emits light, and any point pollution or light source change affects the light path. When the lens is not polluted, the output U s The calibration parameter K can be used to derive:
under the condition of high visibility, the output U is output t Recorded as a reference value.
In the measuring system, the transmitting end and the transmitting receiving end are very close to each other, the sampling space is small, and the particles in the environment with higher visibility are less, so the transmission data U of the system t In which case it is less affected by the particles. If under similar high visibility conditions, the transmission data U t If the change occurs, it indicates that the lens is contaminated or the light source is attenuated to some extent.
And contaminated U t ' AND reference U t The following relationships exist:
U t '＝W·U t
in the formula, W: a pollution attenuation parameter; since the three lenses are in the same environment and the lens parameters are the same, the contamination levels of the three lenses are considered to be substantially the same, and the contamination attenuation parameter W can be used for the scattering end. Then U after pollution S ' and pre-contamination Us may be expressed as:
U S '＝W·U S
when the lens is contaminated after a period of time, one obtains:
according to the formula, the lens pollution condition can be automatically compensated.
And step four, exchanging data, namely sending the visibility data compensated in the step three to an upper computer, so that a user can finish data analysis indoors and can also simply maintain a measuring instrument.
When the method is implemented again, the scattering receiving unit receives the forward scattering light signals of the atmosphere once every 5 degrees of adjustment in the first step, and the angle adjusting position of the scattering receiving unit in the second step corresponds to the first step. And comparing and analyzing the measured data of each corresponding angle, comparing the calculated pollution attenuation parameters W, removing the maximum value and the minimum value, averaging, and taking the average value as the pollution attenuation parameter W of the system, thereby improving the accuracy of the measurement of the pollution attenuation parameter W.
As shown in fig. 12, the self-cleaning device of the self-compensation visibility measuring system includes three sets of swinging assemblies 6, cleaning assemblies 8, negative pressure dust-absorbing assemblies 9 and heating modules 15, and the self-cleaning device is respectively mounted on two supporting rods 12 and supporting rods 70, and respectively cleans the optical lenses of the transmitting unit 2, the transmitting receiving unit 3 and the scattering receiving unit 4. In one embodiment, the heating module 15 is a thermistor or a thermistor wire, and a thermistor or a thermistor wire is fixedly installed inside the light lens of the transmitting unit 2, the transmitting and receiving unit 3 and the scattering and receiving unit 4. When the temperature and humidity sensor detects that the outdoor temperature is lower than 5 ℃, the temperature difference between the inner side and the outer side of the optical lens can generate fog on the surface of the optical lens, the fog can influence the accuracy of visibility measurement, and at the moment, the central control unit 5 controls the heating module 15 to heat the optical lens to remove the fog on the surface of the optical lens.
The cleaning assembly 8 and the negative pressure dust suction assembly 9 are both fixedly mounted on the swing assembly 6, the swing assembly 6 includes a swing rod 60 and a linear driving member 61, the swing rod 60 is hinged on the support rod 70 or the support rod 12 through a pin, one end of the linear driving member 61 is hinged on the support rod 70 or the support rod 12, the other end of the linear driving member 61 is hinged on one end of the swing rod 60 through a pin, when the linear driving member 61 reciprocates linearly, the swing rod 60 swings on the support rod 70 or the support rod 12 around the pin, and in one embodiment, the linear driving member 61 is an electric push rod.
The cleaning assembly 8 comprises a water storage tank 80, a water pipe 81 and an atomizer 82, the water storage tank 80 is fixedly mounted on the support rod 70 or the support rod 12 through bolts, the atomizer 82 is fixedly mounted at the other end of the swing rod 60 through bolts, two ends of the water pipe 81 are respectively and hermetically mounted on the water storage tank 80 and the atomizer 82 through sealing pieces, when the atomizer 82 is powered on, the atomizer 82 extracts water in the water storage tank 80 through the water pipe 81 for atomization, and formed water is not sprayed on the surface of the optical lens to wet pollutants on the surface of the optical lens.
The negative pressure dust collection assembly 9 comprises a negative pressure fan 90 and a suction head 91, the suction head 91 is fixedly installed at one end of the swing rod 60 through a fastener and is close to the atomizer 82, the other end of the suction head 91 is hermetically connected with the negative pressure fan 90 through a pipeline, the negative pressure fan 90 is fixedly installed on the supporting rod 70 or the supporting rod 12 through the fastener, when the negative pressure fan is electrified, the suction head 91 sucks away pollutants on the surface of the optical lens, dust or fog sprayed by the atomizer 82 through the negative pressure effect, and the optical lens is cleaned in a non-contact mode. During the cleaning operation, the swing angle of the swing lever 60 is adjusted by the linear driving member 61 so that the atomizer 82 and the suction head 91 approach or separate from the optical lens. When the cleaning operation is not needed, the linear driving component 61 adjusts the cleaning component 8 and the negative pressure dust suction component 9 to the bottom side of the plane where the infrared light is located, so that the self-cleaning device does not have any influence on the visibility measuring process.
The above embodiments are merely several illustrations of the concept and implementation of the present invention, and do not limit the present invention, and the technical solutions that are not substantially changed are still within the protection scope under the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A self-compensating visibility measuring system comprises a supporting frame, an emitting unit and a transmission receiving unit, wherein the emitting unit and the transmission receiving unit are both arranged on the supporting frame, and the self-compensating visibility measuring system is characterized in that: the support frame is also provided with a scattering receiving unit and a central control unit, and the transmitting unit, the transmission receiving unit and the scattering receiving unit are electrically connected with the central control unit; the transmitting unit, the transmission receiving unit and the scattering receiving unit are positioned on the same horizontal plane, the transmitting unit and the transmission receiving unit are linearly arranged, and the scattering receiving unit and the transmission receiving unit are obliquely arranged; the scattering receiving unit is movably arranged on the supporting frame through a rotating assembly; the self-compensation visibility measuring system also comprises an upper computer, and the central control unit is electrically connected with the upper computer; the transmission receiving unit receives the optical signal sent by the transmitting unit, converts the optical signal into an electric signal and sends the electric signal to the central control unit; the scattering receiving unit receives forward scattering light signals of the atmosphere, converts the forward scattering light signals into electric signals and sends the electric signals to the central control unit; the central control unit analyzes and integrates the received electric signals and sends the electric signals to the upper computer.
2. The self-compensating visibility measuring system of claim 1, wherein: the inclination angle between the scattering receiving unit and the transmission receiving unit is 20-50 degrees.
3. Self-compensating visibility measuring system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the central control unit comprises a main controller, a watchdog module, a real-time clock module, a power module, a temperature and humidity sensor, a voltage monitoring module, an alarm module, a communication module, an Ethernet control module, a storage module and an analog-to-digital conversion module, wherein the watchdog module, the real-time clock module, the power module, the temperature and humidity sensor, the voltage monitoring module, the alarm module, the communication module, the Ethernet control module, the storage module and the analog-to-digital conversion module are all electrically connected with the main controller.
4. The self-compensating visibility measuring system of claim 1, wherein: the transmitting unit comprises a voltage stabilizing source module, a level conversion module and a constant current driving module which are sequentially connected in series, wherein the voltage stabilizing source module is used for stabilizing the input voltage, outputting constant voltage and driving the infrared LED lamp by using the constant voltage; the level conversion module is used for performing two-stage comparison on the input voltage and then outputting a stable square wave; the constant current driving module is used for stabilizing and adjusting the current of the infrared LED lamp.
5. The self-compensating visibility measuring system of claim 1, wherein: the support frame includes the mount pad, supports montant and branch, it is fixed ann to support the montant on the mount pad, ann has two on supporting the montant other end branch, emission unit and transmission receiving unit are ann respectively on a branch.
6. Self-compensating visibility measuring system according to claim 1 or 5, characterized in that: the rotating assembly comprises a supporting rod, a mounting ring, a first gear, a second gear and a rotating driving motor, the rotating driving motor is fixedly mounted on the supporting frame, the mounting ring can be rotatably mounted on the supporting frame, the first gear is fixedly mounted on an output shaft of the rotating driving motor, the second gear is fixedly mounted on the mounting ring, the first gear is meshed with the second gear, one end of the supporting rod is fixedly mounted on the mounting ring, and the other end of the supporting rod is mounted with the scattering receiving unit.
7. A detection method for a self-compensating visibility measuring system as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the detection method comprises:
establishing standard visibility information, using a transmitting unit to transmit infrared light under the conditions of normal weather and uniformly distributed atmosphere, receiving an infrared light signal passing through a region to be detected by a transmission receiving unit, converting the optical signal into an electric signal and transmitting the electric signal to a central control unit; the scattering receiving unit receives a forward scattering light signal of the atmosphere passing through the region to be detected, converts the forward scattering light signal into an electric signal and sends the electric signal to the central control unit; the scattering receiving unit is adjusted in multiple angles, and forward scattering light signals of the atmosphere are repeatedly received; establishing standard visibility information in a central control unit through the acquired signals;
secondly, measuring visibility, namely using a transmitting unit to transmit infrared light, using a transmission receiving unit to receive an infrared light signal passing through a region to be measured, converting the light signal into an electric signal and sending the electric signal to a central control unit; the scattering receiving unit receives a forward scattering light signal of the atmosphere passing through the region to be detected, converts the forward scattering light signal into an electric signal and sends the electric signal to the central control unit; adjusting the angle of the scattering receiving unit to be consistent with the angle adjusted in the step one, and repeatedly receiving forward scattering light signals of the atmosphere; establishing visibility information in a central control unit through the acquired signals;
and step three, analyzing and processing data, namely converting the light intensity received by the transmission receiving unit and the scattering receiving unit in the step one into corresponding electric signals according to the principle that the receiving voltage of the transmission receiving unit and the scattering receiving unit is positively correlated with the received light intensity, namely the voltage of the scattering receiving unit can be obtained by multiplying the received light intensity of the scattering receiving unit by the system gain of the scattering receiving unit:
U s ＝I s ·N 1
similarly, the voltage of the transmission-reception unit may be obtained by multiplying the light intensity received by the transmission-reception unit by the system gain of the transmission-reception unit:
Ut＝It·N2
in the formula: I.C. A s For scattering the intensity of light received by the receiving unit, I t For transmitting the intensity of light received by the receiving unit, U s For scattering the voltage of the receiving unit, U t Is a voltage of the transmission receiving unit, N 1 System gain, N, for a scatter-receiving unit 2 System gain of the transmission receiving unit;
taking the ratio of the voltage value of the scattering receiving unit to the voltage value of the transmission receiving unit as an evaluation reference, namely:
converting the light intensities collected in the step two and respectively corresponding to the different receiving angles of the scattering receiving unit in the step one into electric signals, wherein the signal conversion principle is the same as that of the above, namely, the voltage of the scattering receiving unit in the lens pollution state can be obtained by multiplying the light intensity received in the lens pollution state of the scattering receiving unit by the system gain of the scattering receiving unit:
Us’＝Is’·N1
similarly, the voltage of the lens of the transmission and reception unit in the contamination state can be obtained by multiplying the intensity of light received by the lens of the transmission and reception unit in the contamination state by the system gain of the transmission and reception unit:
Ut’＝It’·N2
in the formula: I.C. A s ' is the intensity of light received by a scattering receiving unit in a contaminated state of the lens, I t ' is the intensity of light received by the lens of the transmission receiving unit in a contaminated state, U s ' is the voltage of the scattering receiving unit lens in a contaminated state, U t ' is a voltage in a contaminated state of the lens of the transmission receiving unit, N 1 System gain, N, for a scatter-receive unit 2 System gain of the transmission receiving unit;
because the three lenses are in the same environment and the lens parameters are the same, the pollution degrees of the three lenses are considered to be generally consistent, and I is determined under the same visibility s ' and I t ' can be expressed as:
Is’＝K·Is
It’＝K·It
in the formula: k is a calibration parameter;
taking the ratio of the voltage value of the scattering receiving unit to the voltage value of the transmission receiving unit in the lens pollution state as an evaluation basis, namely:
performing linear fitting on the ratio of the voltage value of the scattering receiving unit to the voltage value of the transmission receiving unit in the step one and the ratio of the voltage value of the scattering receiving unit to the voltage value of the transmission receiving unit in the step two to obtain a calibration parameter, and compensating the electric signal output by the transmission receiving unit according to the calibration parameter;
and step four, exchanging data, namely sending the visibility data subjected to compensation in the step three to an upper computer.
8. The detection method according to claim 7, characterized in that: and in the step one, the scattering receiving unit receives forward scattering light signals of the atmosphere once every 5 degrees of adjustment, and the angle adjustment position of the scattering receiving unit in the step two corresponds to the step one.
9. A self-cleaning device applied to the self-compensating visibility measuring system of any one of claims 1 to 6, is characterized by comprising three swinging assemblies, three cleaning assemblies, three negative pressure dust suction assemblies and three heating modules, wherein one heating module is respectively arranged on the transmitting unit, the transmitting receiving unit and the scattering receiving unit; the cleaning assembly and the negative pressure dust collection assembly are arranged on the swinging assembly, the swinging assembly comprises a swinging rod and a linear driving member, the swinging rod is hinged on the rotating assembly, one end of the linear driving member is fixedly arranged on the rotating assembly, and the other end of the linear driving member is hinged on one end of the swinging rod; the cleaning assembly comprises a water storage tank, a water pipe and an atomizer, the water storage tank is fixedly arranged on the rotating assembly, the atomizer is arranged at the other end of the oscillating rod, and two ends of the water pipe are respectively arranged on the water storage tank and the atomizer in a sealing manner; the negative pressure dust collection assembly comprises a negative pressure fan and a suction head, the suction head is arranged on the swinging rod, one end of the suction head is connected with the negative pressure fan through a pipeline, and the negative pressure fan is arranged on the rotating assembly.
10. Self-cleaning device according to claim 9, wherein: the heating module is a thermistor or an electrothermal resistance wire, and the thermistor or the electrothermal resistance wire is arranged on the inner side of the lens of the transmitting unit, the transmitting receiving unit or the scattering receiving unit.
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| CN116989903A (en) * | 2023-09-25 | 2023-11-03 | 长春金融高等专科学校 | Equipment fatigue early warning system based on temperature detection |
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