CN106568716B - Measure extinction type visibility meter and extinction type visibility measurement method - Google Patents
Measure extinction type visibility meter and extinction type visibility measurement method Download PDFInfo
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- CN106568716B CN106568716B CN201610979959.3A CN201610979959A CN106568716B CN 106568716 B CN106568716 B CN 106568716B CN 201610979959 A CN201610979959 A CN 201610979959A CN 106568716 B CN106568716 B CN 106568716B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/47—Scattering, i.e. diffuse reflection
- G01N21/49—Scattering, i.e. diffuse reflection within a body or fluid
- G01N21/53—Scattering, i.e. diffuse reflection within a body or fluid within a flowing fluid, e.g. smoke
- G01N21/532—Scattering, i.e. diffuse reflection within a body or fluid within a flowing fluid, e.g. smoke with measurement of scattering and transmission
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/47—Scattering, i.e. diffuse reflection
- G01N21/49—Scattering, i.e. diffuse reflection within a body or fluid
- G01N21/53—Scattering, i.e. diffuse reflection within a body or fluid within a flowing fluid, e.g. smoke
- G01N21/538—Scattering, i.e. diffuse reflection within a body or fluid within a flowing fluid, e.g. smoke for determining atmospheric attenuation and visibility
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N2021/1734—Sequential different kinds of measurements; Combining two or more methods
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N2021/1738—Optionally different kinds of measurements; Method being valid for different kinds of measurement
- G01N2021/1744—Optionally different kinds of measurements; Method being valid for different kinds of measurement either absorption or scatter
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of measurement extinction type visibility meters, including visible light or near-infrared light source, visible light or near infrared sensor, infrared sensor, processor and power supply；The optical axis of the visible light or near infrared sensor and the optical axis of the visible light or near-infrared light source intersect；The infrared sensor acceptance angle is overlapped or partially overlaps with the visible light or near infrared light source beam.Also disclose a kind of extinction type visibility measurement method.The present invention visible light or near-infrared light scattering and infra-red radiation when opening light source and closing light source by measurement, and then obtain scattering coefficient and absorption coefficient, extinction coefficient will be obtained after scattering coefficient and absorption coefficient summation, and then visibility measurement value is acquired by visibility calculation formula, scattering and absorption of the aerosol to light in atmosphere are considered in measurement process completely, measurement accuracy is high, and range is big, at low cost.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of measurement extinction type visibility meter extinction type visibility measurement methods.
Background technique
Traditional forward scattering visibility meter is as shown in Figure 1, visible light source issues light beam, it is seen that optical sensor receives light
The scattering light of source beam in an atmosphere recycles visibility calculation formula to calculate visibility value, reality by calculating scattering coefficient
It is upper atmospheric scattering coefficient as extinction coefficient.Due to there is aerosol in atmosphere, and aerosol is not only scattered light source, also
Light can be absorbed, therefore this measurement method has large error, as the optical characteristics of aerosol in atmosphere is different, measurement error
Also different.Under extreme case, if aerosol is the black matrix for fully absorbing light, then measurement error is exactly 100%.
Traditional transmission visibility meter obtains extinction coefficient and directly measuring the decaying of atmosphere, i.e., measures scattering simultaneously
Coefficient and absorption coefficient, but in order to relatively accurately measure the decaying of atmosphere, it is necessary to emitting portion and receiving portion interval
Tens meters, no side extinction coefficient is with regard to indeterminacy, and installation, maintenance are inconvenient, and measuring range is small, and maintenance requirement is high.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is big to solve current visibility measuring instrument measurement error, measuring range is small, installation and maintenance
Inconvenient technical problem.
In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problem, on the one hand, the present invention provides a kind of measurement extinction type visibility meter, including visible
Light or near-infrared light source, visible light or near infrared sensor, infrared sensor, processor and power supply；
The optical axis of the visible light or near infrared sensor and the optical axis of the visible light or near-infrared light source intersect；It is described
Infrared sensor acceptance angle is overlapped with the visible light or near infrared light source beam.
The processor is used to control the visible light or near-infrared light source opens or closes, the visible light or near-infrared
Sensor is described for receiving the forward scattering light or backscatter light of the visible light or near infrared light source beam in an atmosphere
Processor is also used to receive the forward scattering light measurement value or backscatter flash ranging of the visible light or near infrared sensor output
Magnitude；The infrared sensor is molten for receiving in atmosphere and atmosphere gas in the infra-red radiation of aerosol or background atmosphere and atmosphere
The infra-red radiation of glue, the processor is also used to receive the infrared radiation measurement value that the infrared sensor exports or background is infrared
Radiometric value；
The processor is also used to the difference according to the forward scattering light measurement value and the backscatter light measurement value
Scattering coefficient is calculated, is calculated according to the infrared radiation measurement value and the difference of the background infrared radiation measured value and absorbs system
Number, the sum for seeking the scattering coefficient and the absorption coefficient obtain extinction coefficient, acquire visibility according to the extinction coefficient.
Further, the forward scattering light measurement value and the backscatter light measurement value are and scattered light intensity is at just
Than；
The infrared radiation measurement value and the background infrared radiation measured value are directly proportional to infrared brightness temperature.
In addition, infrared sensor is relative to visible light or also another set-up mode of near-infrared light source, corresponding technology
Scheme are as follows:
Measure extinction type visibility meter, including visible light or near-infrared light source, visible light or near infrared sensor, infrared biography
Sensor, processor and power supply；
The optical axis of the visible light or near infrared sensor and the optical axis of the visible light or near-infrared light source intersect；It is described
Infrared sensor acceptance angle is overlapped with the visible light or near-infrared light source beam section；
The processor is used to control the visible light or near-infrared light source opens or closes, the visible light or near-infrared
Sensor is described for receiving the forward scattering light or backscatter light of the visible light or near infrared light source beam in an atmosphere
Processor is also used to receive the forward scattering light measurement value or backscatter flash ranging of the visible light or near infrared sensor output
Magnitude；The infrared sensor is molten for receiving in atmosphere and atmosphere gas in the infra-red radiation of aerosol or background atmosphere and atmosphere
The infra-red radiation of glue, the processor is also used to receive the infrared radiation measurement value that the infrared sensor exports or background is infrared
Radiometric value；
The processor is also used to the difference according to the forward scattering light measurement value and the backscatter light measurement value
Scattering coefficient is calculated, is calculated according to the infrared radiation measurement value and the difference of the background infrared radiation measured value and absorbs system
Number, the sum for seeking the scattering coefficient and the absorption coefficient obtain extinction coefficient, acquire visibility according to the extinction coefficient.
Further, the forward scattering light measurement value and the backscatter light measurement value are and scattered light intensity is at just
Than；
The infrared radiation measurement value and the background infrared radiation measured value are directly proportional to infrared brightness temperature.
On the other hand, the present invention also provides a kind of extinction type visibility measurement method, include the following steps:
(1) processor control visible light or near-infrared light source are opened, it is seen that light or near infrared sensor reception are described visible
The forward scattering light of light or near infrared light source beam in an atmosphere, the processor receive the visible light or near infrared sensor
The forward scattering light measurement value of output；Infrared sensor receives the infra-red radiation of aerosol in atmosphere and atmosphere, the processor
Receive the infrared radiation measurement value of the infrared sensor output；
(2) processor controls the visible light or near-infrared light source is closed to carry out context parameter measurement, it is described can
Light-exposed or near infrared sensor receives the scattering light of background, and the processor receives the visible light or near infrared sensor output
Backscatter light measurement value；The infrared sensor receives the infra-red radiation of aerosol in background atmosphere and atmosphere, the place
Reason device receives the background infrared radiation measured value of the infrared sensor output；
(3) scattering coefficient is calculated according to the difference of forward scattering light measurement value and backscatter light measurement value, meanwhile, according to
The difference of infrared radiation measurement value and background infrared radiation measured value calculates absorption coefficient, then, seek the scattering coefficient with
The sum of the absorption coefficient obtains extinction coefficient；Visibility is acquired according to the extinction coefficient.
Further, the forward scattering light measurement value, the backscatter light measurement value, the infrared radiation measurement value
N times, N ﹥ 128, according to N group forward scattering light measurement value and backscatter light are measured with the background infrared radiation measured value
The accumulated value of the difference of measured value calculates scattering coefficient, meanwhile, it is measured according to N group infrared radiation measurement value and background infrared radiation
The accumulated value of the difference of value calculates absorption coefficient, and then, the sum for seeking the scattering coefficient and the absorption coefficient obtains delustring
Coefficient；Visibility is acquired according to the extinction coefficient.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
The present invention is dissipated by the way that measurement scatters light and infra-red radiation respectively when opening light source and after closing light source
Coefficient and absorption coefficient are penetrated, extinction coefficient will be obtained after scattering coefficient and absorption coefficient summation, and then public affairs are calculated by visibility
Formula acquires visibility measurement value, considers interference of the aerosol to light source in atmosphere in measurement process completely, passes through this method
Measurement error caused by aerosol is completely eliminated, measurement accuracy is high；In addition, the present invention is aerosol energy caused by measurement light source
Amount variation, it is only necessary to the induction zone of related sensor and light beam of light source re-posted just, do not need as transmission visibility instrument that
Sample transmitter-receiver device is split, and is installed and is safeguarded and its conveniently, while range is big, at low cost.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the optical structure chart of traditional forward scattering visibility meter；
Fig. 2 is the optical structure chart of visibility meter one embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is the optical structure chart of another embodiment of visibility meter of the present invention；
Fig. 4 is the principle of the present invention block diagram；
Fig. 5 is the flow chart of visibility measurement method one embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 6 is the flow chart of another embodiment of visibility measurement method of the present invention.
In figure, it is seen that light or near-infrared light source 1；Light beam of light source 2；Visible light or near infrared sensor 3；Infrared sensor 4；
Processor 5；Power supply 6.
Specific embodiment
In conjunction with the accompanying drawings, the present invention is further explained in detail.These attached drawings are simplified schematic diagram, only with
Illustration illustrates basic structure of the invention, therefore it only shows the composition relevant to the invention.
As shown in Figures 2 and 4, measurement extinction type visibility meter embodiment 1 of the invention, including visible light or near-infrared light source
1, visible light or near infrared sensor 3, infrared sensor 4, processor 5 and power supply 6；
The optical axis of visible light or near infrared sensor 3 and the optical axis of visible light or near-infrared light source 1 intersect；Infrared sensor
4 acceptance angles are overlapped with visible light or near infrared light source beam 2；
As shown in figure 5, also one embodiment of corresponding measurement method of the present invention, when measurement, first processing device 5 controls visible
Light or near-infrared light source 1 are opened, it is seen that light or near infrared sensor 3 receive visible light or near infrared light source beam 2 in an atmosphere
Forward scattering light, processor 5 receives the scattering flash ranging relevant to scattered light intensity that visible light or near infrared sensor 3 export
Magnitude S1；Infrared sensor 4 receive atmosphere in aerosol infra-red radiation, processor receive infrared sensor output with it is infrared
The relevant infrared radiation measurement value D1 of bright temperature；
Secondly, processor 5 controls visible light or near-infrared light source 1 closes and carries out context parameter measurement, it is seen that light is close red
Outer sensor 3 receives the forward scattering light of background, processor 5 receive that visible light or near infrared sensor 3 export with scattering light
The relevant backscatter light measurement value S2 of intensity；Infrared sensor 4 receives the infra-red radiation of aerosol in background atmosphere, processor
5 receive the background infrared radiation measured value D2 relevant to infrared brightness temperature that infrared sensor 4 exports；
Then, according to the difference S1-S2 and scattering theory of forward scattering light measurement value S1 and backscatter light measurement value S2
Scattering coefficient is calculated, meanwhile, according to the difference D1-D2 of infrared radiation measurement value D1 and background infrared radiation measured value D2 and radiation
Theoretical calculation absorption coefficient, then, the sum for seeking scattering coefficient and absorption coefficient obtain extinction coefficient；It is calculated according to visibility public
Formula acquires visibility by extinction coefficient.
To improve measurement accuracy, measurement error is reduced, as shown in fig. 6, also another reality of corresponding measurement method of the present invention
Apply example, forward scattering light measurement value S1, backscatter light measurement value S2, infrared radiation measurement value D1 and background infrared radiation measurement
Value D2 measures n times, and N ﹥ 128 calculates scattering coefficient according to the accumulated value AS of N group S1-S2, meanwhile, according to the tired of N group D1-D2
Value added AD calculates absorption coefficient, and then, the sum for seeking scattering coefficient and absorption coefficient obtains extinction coefficient；It is asked according to extinction coefficient
Obtain visibility.
Under normal conditions, S1-S2 is greater than zero, D1-D2 and is greater than zero；
Under extreme case, if aerosol is black matrix, S1-S2 is equal to zero；D1-D2 is greater than the previous case；
It is extinction coefficient according to visibility calculation formula V=- ln0.05/ γ, γ；
Wherein, γ=C1 × (S1-S2)+C2 × (D1-D2), C1 are relevant to visible light or near infrared sensor 3 normal
Number, C2 is constant relevant to infrared sensor 4；
Then V=- ln0.05/(C1 × (S1-S2)+C2 × (D1-D2)).
And for traditional forward scattering visibility meter, as it is assumed that being absorbed without any substance to light source, only survey
Amount scattering coefficient, corresponding extinction coefficient γ '=C1 × (S1-S2),
Then V '=- ln0.05/(C1 × (S1-S2))；
V-V '=- ln0.05 × (C2 × (D1-D2)).
Such as:
When instrument C1=2.3, C2=17
Measure S1=0.003, S2=0.002, D1=0.0001, D2=0.00007
Using visibility meter of the invention, V=- ln0.05/(C1 × (S1-S2)+C2 × (D1-D2)), obtain visibility
It is 1032 meters
And traditional forward scattering visibility meter is used, and V '=- ln0.05/(C1 × (S1-S2)), obtaining visibility is
1260 meters, 228 meters of error.
It can be seen that the present invention by measuring influence of the aerosol to visibility, improves measurement accuracy, range is also therewith
Expand.
As shown in Figures 3 and 4, measurement extinction type visibility meter embodiment 2 of the invention, including visible light or near-infrared light source
1, visible light or near infrared sensor 3, infrared sensor 4, processor 5 and power supply 6；
The optical axis of visible light or near infrared sensor 3 and the optical axis of the visible light or near-infrared light source 1 intersect；Infrared biography
4 acceptance angle of sensor partially overlaps with visible light or near infrared light source beam 2；
Visibility measurement process is the same as embodiment 1.
Taking the above-mentioned ideal embodiment according to the present invention as inspiration, through the above description, relevant staff is complete
Various changes and amendments can be carried out without departing from the scope of the technological thought of the present invention' entirely.The technology of this invention
Property range is not limited to the contents of the specification, it is necessary to which the technical scope thereof is determined according to the scope of the claim.
Claims (6)
1. measuring extinction type visibility meter, which is characterized in that including visible light or near-infrared light source, visible light or near-infrared sensing
Device, infrared sensor, processor and power supply；
The optical axis of the visible light or near infrared sensor and the optical axis of the visible light or near-infrared light source intersect；It is described infrared
Sensor acceptance angle is overlapped with the visible light or near infrared light source beam；
The processor is used to control the visible light or near-infrared light source opens or closes, the visible light or near-infrared sensing
Device is for receiving the forward scattering light or backscatter light of the visible light or near infrared light source beam in an atmosphere, the processing
Device is also used to receive the forward scattering light measurement value or backscatter light measurement value of the visible light or near infrared sensor output；
The infrared sensor is used to receive the infra-red radiation of aerosol in the infra-red radiation of aerosol in atmosphere or background atmosphere, described
Processor is also used to receive the infrared radiation measurement value or background infrared radiation measured value of the infrared sensor output；
The processor is also used to be calculated according to the difference of the forward scattering light measurement value and the backscatter light measurement value
Scattering coefficient calculates absorption coefficient according to the infrared radiation measurement value and the difference of the background infrared radiation measured value, asks
It takes the scattering coefficient and the sum of the absorption coefficient to obtain extinction coefficient, visibility is acquired according to the extinction coefficient.
2. measurement extinction type visibility meter according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the forward scattering light measurement value and
The backscatter light measurement value is directly proportional to scattered light intensity；
The infrared radiation measurement value and the background infrared radiation measured value are directly proportional to infrared brightness temperature.
3. measuring extinction type visibility meter, which is characterized in that including visible light or near-infrared light source, visible light or near-infrared sensing
Device, infrared sensor, processor and power supply；
The optical axis of the visible light or near infrared sensor and the optical axis of the visible light or near-infrared light source intersect；It is described infrared
Sensor acceptance angle is overlapped with the visible light or near-infrared light source beam section；
The processor is used to control the visible light or near-infrared light source opens or closes, the visible light or near-infrared sensing
Device is for receiving the forward scattering light or backscatter light of the visible light or near infrared light source beam in an atmosphere, the processing
Device is also used to receive the forward scattering light measurement value or backscatter light measurement value of the visible light or near infrared sensor output；
The infrared sensor is used to receive the infra-red radiation of aerosol in the infra-red radiation of aerosol in atmosphere or background atmosphere, described
Processor is also used to receive the infrared radiation measurement value or background infrared radiation measured value of the infrared sensor output；
The processor is also used to be calculated according to the difference of the forward scattering light measurement value and the backscatter light measurement value
Scattering coefficient calculates absorption coefficient according to the infrared radiation measurement value and the difference of the background infrared radiation measured value, asks
It takes the scattering coefficient and the sum of the absorption coefficient to obtain extinction coefficient, visibility is acquired according to the extinction coefficient.
4. measurement extinction type visibility meter according to claim 3, which is characterized in that the forward scattering light measurement value and
The backscatter light measurement value is directly proportional to scattered light intensity；
The infrared radiation measurement value and the background infrared radiation measured value are directly proportional to infrared brightness temperature.
5. extinction type visibility measurement method, which comprises the steps of:
(1) processor control visible light or near-infrared light source are opened, it is seen that light or near infrared sensor receive the visible light or
The forward scattering light of near infrared light source beam in an atmosphere, the processor receive the visible light or near infrared sensor output
Forward scattering light measurement value；Infrared sensor receives the infra-red radiation of aerosol in atmosphere, and the processor receives described red
The infrared radiation measurement value of outer sensor output；
(2) processor controls the visible light or near-infrared light source is closed to carry out context parameter measurement, the visible light
Or near infrared sensor receives the scattering light of background, the processor receives the back of the visible light or near infrared sensor output
Scape scatters light measurement value；The infrared sensor receives the infra-red radiation of aerosol in background atmosphere, and the processor receives institute
State the background infrared radiation measured value of infrared sensor output；
(3) scattering coefficient is calculated according to the difference of forward scattering light measurement value and backscatter light measurement value, meanwhile, according to infrared
The difference of radiometric value and background infrared radiation measured value calculates absorption coefficient, then, seek the scattering coefficient with it is described
The sum of absorption coefficient obtains extinction coefficient；Visibility is acquired according to the extinction coefficient.
6. extinction type visibility measurement method according to claim 5, which is characterized in that the forward scattering light measurement
Value, the backscatter light measurement value, the infrared radiation measurement value and the background infrared radiation measured value measure n times, N
﹥ 128 calculates scattering coefficient according to the accumulated value of N group forward scattering light measurement value and the difference of backscatter light measurement value, together
When, absorption coefficient is calculated according to the accumulated value of N group infrared radiation measurement value and the difference of background infrared radiation measured value, then,
The sum for seeking the scattering coefficient and the absorption coefficient obtains extinction coefficient；Visibility is acquired according to the extinction coefficient.
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| CN111487170B (en) * | 2020-03-23 | 2023-04-14 | 中国人民解放军空军研究院战场环境研究所 | Intelligent front-scattering visibility meter and intelligent front-scattering visibility measuring method |
| CN111537403B (en) * | 2020-07-09 | 2020-10-02 | 中国人民解放军国防科技大学 | Multi-dimensional observation system and calculation method for smoke forming area of bioaerosol |
| CN112345497B (en) * | 2020-11-24 | 2024-03-15 | 河南省计量测试科学研究院 | Atmospheric visibility meter calibration system and calibration method thereof |
| CN114280056A (en) * | 2021-12-20 | 2022-04-05 | 北京普测时空科技有限公司 | Visibility measurement system |
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