CN104280120B - A kind of spectral bandwidth measuring method and device - Google Patents
A kind of spectral bandwidth measuring method and device Download PDFInfo
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- CN104280120B CN104280120B CN201410555278.5A CN201410555278A CN104280120B CN 104280120 B CN104280120 B CN 104280120B CN 201410555278 A CN201410555278 A CN 201410555278A CN 104280120 B CN104280120 B CN 104280120B
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of spectral bandwidth measuring method and device.The method of the present invention includes, S1, and monochromator output wavelength is the monochromatic light of λ；S2, the detector of imaging spectrometer accepts the monochromatic hot spot that wavelength is λ, reads the light intensity of the first pixel on facula position；S3, monochromator changes output wavelength, exports the monochromatic light that multiple wavelength interval is Δ λ；By the light intensity variable quantity on the second pixel and/or the first pixel, calculate n intensity sample point on monochromatic distribution curve；S4, is simulated the intensity distributions of whole monochromatic light hot spot, and draws spectral bandwidth by n intensity sample point.The measuring method of the present invention takes one group of monochromatic light of wavelength change to carry out measure spectrum bandwidth, and certainty of measurement is relevant with inputting monochromatic wavelength interval, and wavelength interval is the least, and the spectral bandwidth precision recorded is the highest.Compared to existing method, substantially increase the certainty of measurement of spectral bandwidth.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of optical measuring technologies, particularly relate to a kind of spectrum being applied to imaging spectrometer
Bandwidth Measurement Method and device.
Background technology
Along with national economy and the development of remote sensing technology, spectral measurement methods is at elemental analysis, environment
Monitoring, the aspect such as geological survey and military surveillance is applied and is developed, the most spaceborne or airborne light
Spectrum imager is widely used in terms of space exploration, and imaging spectrometer can obtain target simultaneously
Two-dimensional space image and one-dimensional spectral information, can intuitively reflect the geometrical morphology of measured target, again can
The physics and chemistry attribute of target is provided, is the detection means of a kind of collection of illustrative plates combination.
Since eighties of last century the eighties, spectral imaging technology starts to be widely used in astronautics and airborne remote sensing
Imaging, is carried by aircraft, in mineral products and petroleum resources detection, water quality and air monitoring, essence
The fields such as quasi-agricultural and forestry achieve achievement of attracting attention.At present, this technology the most progressively penetrates into biology
The civil areas such as medical science, art work authentication, food safety monitoring, the control of disease and treatment, obtain
Obtained and study the most widely and use.
Imaging spectrometer, during debuging, needs its systematic function to be carried out various test, as space is divided
Resolution, spectral resolution, radiation calibration etc..And employing spectral bandwidth general for spectral resolution is commented
Valency, it is therefore desirable to high-precision spectral bandwidth measuring method.For imaging spectrometer, general band
Wide measuring method is to utilize the line sources such as Hg lamp or monochromator output monochromatic light, tested spectrometer system
Obtain the intensity distribution of light source, the shape of analysis spectral line, obtain band by the method for numerical computations
Width, intensity distributions as it is shown in figure 1, the little Fang Dian of each black represents the light intensity value of pixel output,
Monochromatic hot spot is distributed on 10-20 pixel, according to intensity distribution, utilizes Gauss formula matching
Obtaining the spectral bandwidth of imaging spectrometer, the pixel number of the certainty of measurement of spectral bandwidth and hot spot distribution is direct
Relevant, namely in the range of hot spot, sample point is the most, and the certainty of measurement of spectral bandwidth is the highest.
But due to detector technology and the restriction of version, the spectral bandwidth of general imaging spectrometer and
The size of Pixel size is suitable.When using conventional methods measure spectrum bandwidth, owing to hot spot is only distributed
On 2-3 pixel, major part energy concentrates in a pixel, and sample point is few, therefore can not be accurate
The spectral bandwidth of measurement system, can only analyze spectral bandwidth qualitatively and be less than a pixel and be also greater than one
Individual pixel, it is impossible to meet the high precision measurement requirement of system.And spectral bandwidth is of imaging spectrometer
Can important indicator, directly affects the spectral resolution of system, reach instrument to identify the purpose of target extremely
Close important, it is therefore desirable to the measuring method of a kind of high-precision spectral bandwidth.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is: can only divide qualitatively in existing spectral bandwidth measuring method
Analysis spectral bandwidth is less than also being greater than a pixel, and sample point is few, and the precision of measure spectrum bandwidth is relatively low.
The technical scheme is that a kind of spectral bandwidth measuring method, including, S1, monochromator is defeated
The monochromatic light of a length of λ of efferent echo；S2, the detector of imaging spectrometer accepts the monochromatic light that wavelength is λ
Hot spot, read the light intensity on the first pixel on hot spot；S3, monochromator changes output wavelength, defeated
Go out the monochromatic light that multiple wavelength interval is Δ λ；Read on hot spot on the first pixel and/or the second pixel
Light intensity；By the light intensity variable quantity on the second pixel and/or the first pixel, calculate monochromatic point
N intensity sample point on cloth curve；Wherein, n is the natural number of more than 1；S4, by n intensity
Sample point simulates the intensity distributions of whole monochromatic light hot spot, and draws the spectral bandwidth of imaging spectrometer.
Further, S3 includes: S31, and monochromator output wavelength is changed to the monochromatic light of λ+Δ λ；
S32, the detector of imaging spectrometer accepts the monochromatic light that wavelength is λ+Δ λ, reads the first pixel
With the light intensity on the second pixel；S33, by the light intensity increased on the second pixel, draws monochromatic point
The first intensity sample point on cloth curve.
Further, S3 includes: S34, and monochromator output wavelength is changed to the monochrome of λ+2 × Δ λ
Light；S35, the detector of imaging spectrometer accepts the monochromatic light that wavelength is λ+2 × Δ λ, reads the
Light intensity on one pixel and the second pixel；S36, deducts the first intensity by the light intensity on the second pixel and takes
The light intensity of sampling point, draws the second intensity sample point on monochromatic distribution curve.
Further, S3 includes: S37, and monochromator changes output wavelength, exports n wavelength interval
Monochromatic light for Δ λ；S38, the detector of imaging spectrometer accepts the monochrome that wavelength is λ+n Δ λ
Light, reads the light intensity on the first pixel and the second pixel；S39, by calculating on the second pixel in n time
The light intensity value every time increased, draws n intensity sample point on monochromatic distribution curve..
Further, the spectral width representated by each pixel length of spectrogrph is Δ λ 0, then wavelength
Interval delta λ meets: m × Δ λ=Δ λ 0, wherein, m is the natural number of more than 1.
Further, S3 includes: S321, and monochromator output wavelength is changed to the monochromatic light of λ+Δ λ；
S322, the detector of imaging spectrometer accepts the monochromatic light that wavelength is λ+Δ λ, reads the first pixel
Light intensity；S323, by the light intensity reduced on the first pixel, draws on monochromatic distribution curve
First intensity sample point.
Further, S3 includes: S324, and monochromator output wavelength is changed to the monochrome of λ+2 × Δ λ
Light；S325, the detector of imaging spectrometer accepts the monochromatic light that wavelength is λ+2 × Δ λ, reads
Light intensity on first pixel；S326, deducts the first intensity by the light intensity of the minimizing on the first pixel and takes
The light intensity of sampling point, draws the second intensity sample point on monochromatic distribution curve.
Further, described S3 includes: S327, and monochromator changes output wavelength, exports n wavelength
It is spaced apart the monochromatic light of Δ λ；S328, it is λ+n Δ λ that the detector of imaging spectrometer accepts wavelength
Monochromatic light, read the light intensity on the first pixel and the second pixel；S329, by calculating the first pixel
The light intensity value every time reduced in upper n time, draws n intensity sample point on monochromatic distribution curve.
Another aspect of the present invention, it is provided that a kind of spectral bandwidth measurement apparatus, applies above-mentioned any one
Spectral bandwidth measuring method, also include, monochromator, be the monochromatic light of λ for output wavelength；Imaging
Spectrogrph, accepts the monochromatic hot spot that wavelength is λ, and the first picture on output facula on the detector
Light intensity in unit；Data collecting system, accepts the data of imaging spectrometer；Wherein, monochromator repeatedly changes
Become output wavelength, export the monochromatic light that multiple wavelength change is λ+n Δ λ；The detector of imaging spectrometer
The first pixel and the second pixel on light intensity export to data collecting system；Data collecting system is by the
Light intensity on two pixels and/or the first pixel calculates, and draws n intensity on monochromatic distribution curve
Sample point；Wherein, n is the natural number of more than 1.
Further, also include, integrating sphere, for homogenizing the monochromatic light that monochromator sends.
Present invention advantage compared with prior art is:
The measuring method of the present invention takes one group of monochromatic light of wavelength change to carry out measure spectrum bandwidth, measures essence
Spending relevant with inputting monochromatic wavelength interval, wavelength interval is the least, and the spectral bandwidth precision recorded is the highest.
Compared to existing method, substantially increase the certainty of measurement of spectral bandwidth.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 shows the principle schematic of imaging spectrometer spectral bandwidth measuring method；
Fig. 2 shows the schematic diagram of the high accuracy spectral bandwidth measurement apparatus of the present invention；
Fig. 3 a shows the data processing principle signal of the high accuracy spectral bandwidth measuring method of the present invention
Figure；
Fig. 3 b shows the data processing principle signal of the high accuracy spectral bandwidth measuring method of the present invention
Figure；
Fig. 3 c shows the data processing principle signal of the high accuracy spectral bandwidth measuring method of the present invention
Figure；
Fig. 3 d shows the data processing principle signal of the high accuracy spectral bandwidth measuring method of the present invention
Figure；
Fig. 4 a shows the measurement result schematic diagram of the spectral bandwidth measuring method of prior art；
Fig. 4 b shows the measurement result schematic diagram of present invention high accuracy spectral bandwidth measuring method.
Detailed description of the invention
The present invention is directed to the measurement apparatus of the spectral bandwidth of spectrogrph, including: a high-resolution mark
Quasi-monochromator, an integrating sphere homogenized to monochromatic light, a tested imaging spectrometer and a real-time number
According to gathering and the system of analysis.The monochromatic light at standard monochromator output equiwavelength interval, homogenizes through integrating sphere
After received by imaging spectrometer, by real-time data acquisition and analyze system-computed obtain spectral bandwidth.
The measuring method of a kind of imaging spectrometer spectral bandwidth of the present invention, when monochromator is with known fixing
Monochromatic light is organized in wavelength interval output more, and after being received by data collecting system, by analyze input wavelength with
The corresponding relation of the Strength Changes of each pixel on detector, draws the intensity of each segmentation section of tested hot spot
Value, and simulate hot spot scattergram, calculate the spectral bandwidth of imaging spectrometer.
With reference to shown in Fig. 2, the measurement apparatus of native system is made up of four parts, respectively standard monochromator
11, integrating sphere 12, imaging spectrometer 13 and data collecting system 14.Standard monochromator 11 can be defeated
Going out monochromatic light, spectral region covers whole measurement scope, its spectral bandwidth test to be met imaging spectrometer
Requirement, be specially be generally less than tested imaging spectrometer spectral bandwidth 1/10.Monochromator 11 sends
Light be uneven in spatial distribution, the effect of integrating sphere 12 is that the light sent by monochromator 11 is equal
Homogenizing, be radiated at afterwards on imaging spectrometer 13 to be measured, imaging spectrometer 13 is tested system,
Imaging spectrometer 13 is made up of optical system and planar array detector, and planar array detector can real-time reception
Integrated ball 12 is irradiated into the hot spot on imaging spectrometer 13, and is analyzed by data analysis system 14
The intensity distributions of hot spot.During test, standard monochromator 11 can export certain wave as requested
Long monochromatic light, each measurement can export the monochromatic light of 10～20 wavelength, and data collecting system 14 is certainly
The intensity distributions of dynamic record all wavelengths, and according in output wavelength and detector between picture element intensities change
Corresponding relation, automatically calculate the spectral bandwidth of imaging spectrometer 13.
With reference to shown in Fig. 3 a to Fig. 3 d, the present invention is to solve existing spectral bandwidth metering system precision
Not enough problem, native system the most only inputs a kind of monochromatic light, but uses one group of wavelength of input different
Monochromatic mode, improves certainty of measurement.One group of list is collected by the aforesaid measurement apparatus of the present invention
Coloured light, and it is processed through row data.
Concrete calculating process is, during the monochromatic light of standard monochromator 11 output wavelength λ, this is monochromatic
Hot spot light intensity has distribution curve 25.As shown in Figure 3 a, hot spot is distributed in the spy of imaging spectrometer 13
Surveying on device, image patch covers on pixel 23 and pixel 24, at this moment, detection only has pixel 23 and picture
Unit 24 has light intensity to export, and light intensity and the image patch 211 of pixel 23 output are corresponding, the light of pixel 24 output
Strong and image patch 212 correspondence.Now, change the output wavelength of standard monochromator 11, increase wavelength every time
Δ λ, the distribution of recording light intensity values.According to theoretical model, it is known that each pixel of imaging spectrometer 13 is long
Spectral width representated by degree, it is assumed that for Δ λ 0.Then Δ λ in wavelength interval need to meet formula: m × Δ
λ=Δ λ 0, wherein m=1,2,3 ..., this mode can simplify data handling procedure.Output wavelength every time
Increasing Δ λ, when pixel 22 has light intensity to export, record wavelength value now is λ+n Δ λ, wherein
N=1,2,3 ....
Seeing Fig. 3 b to understand, light intensity and the image patch 213 of now pixel 22 output are corresponding, for wavelength from
λ+(n-1) Δ λ changes to the amount of movement of hot spot during λ+n Δ λ, it can thus be appreciated that image patch 213 is strong
Angle value is the light intensity value of pixel 22 output.Thus, the light intensity value recorded by pixel 22 is obtained
An intensity sample point on distribution curve 25.
See Fig. 3 c to understand, when standard monochromator 11 output wavelength is λ+(n+1) Δ λ, can
Know that the light intensity that pixel 22 exports is image patch 213 and the intensity of image patch 214, because it is known that image patch 213
Intensity level, so having only to deduct the intensity of image patch 213, both can obtain the intensity level of image patch 214.
Thus, second intensity sampling that the light intensity further through pixel 22 has been calculated on distribution curve 25
Point.By that analogy, through movement repeatedly and calculating, a series of intensity level sample point can be obtained.
See shown in Fig. 3 d, when standard monochromator 11 output wavelength is λ+(n+m) Δ λ, this
Time pixel 21 have light intensity to export, by analyzing, to understand the now light intensity of pixel 21 and image patch 213 corresponding,
The light intensity of pixel 22 output is then image patch 214,215 ... until the intensity sum of 220 cuts image patch again
The intensity level of 213, thus can calculate the intensity level of image patch 220.By that analogy, can be by whole picture
Speckle is divided into multiple segment, and every section of corresponding step-length is Δ λ, according to the position corresponding to every section of light intensity, i.e.
The intensity distributions of whole hot spot can be simulated, the spectral bandwidth of system can be measured according to intensity distributions.
The measuring accuracy of spectral bandwidth is relevant with the selection of Δ λ, if it is desired to improve the measurement essence of spectral bandwidth
Degree, it is only necessary to select less Δ λ.Said method uses and utilizes pixel 21 and pixel
Light intensity increments on 22 calculates spectral bandwidth, in like manner, can use pixel 23 and pixel 24
Calculate spectral bandwidth, it is only necessary to calculate the light intensity decrement on pixel 23 or pixel 24.
Therefore, in same one-shot measurement, the meansigma methods of two kinds of measuring methods can be taken to improve certainty of measurement.
Method is simple for the present invention, it is not necessary to imaging spectrometer is done special setting, therefore improves this kind
Measuring method and the scope of application of device, this method substantially increases imaging spectrometer 13 spectral bandwidth
Measuring accuracy.
With reference to shown in Fig. 4 a, when the method test imaging spectrometer 13 using traditional test spectral bandwidth
Time, whole hot spot the most only accounts for two pixels, outputs two light intensity values, uses the two numerical value
Spectral bandwidth can not be calculated.And with reference to shown in Fig. 4 b, use the inventive method and device, by changing
The method of input monochromatic wavelength, has collected 26 points, with 26 in the range of whole hot spot
Point can calculate the spectral bandwidth of imaging spectrometer 13 accurately, and collect counts and wavelength interval Δ λ
Arrange relevant, in order to obtain higher precision, optional less Δ λ.Solve spectral bandwidth
Test problem.
The above, one detailed description of the invention the most of the present invention, but protection scope of the present invention not office
Being limited to this, any those familiar with the art, can be light in the technical scope of present disclosure
The change being readily conceivable that or replacement, all should contain within protection scope of the present invention.Therefore, the present invention
Protection domain should be as the criterion with the protection domain of claims.
Claims (5)
1. a spectral bandwidth measuring method, it is characterised in that include,
S1, monochromator (11) output wavelength is the monochromatic light of λ；
S2, the detector of imaging spectrometer (13) accepts the monochromatic hot spot that described wavelength is λ,
Read the light intensity on the first pixel on described hot spot；
S3, specifically comprises the following steps that
S31, monochromator (12) output wavelength is changed to the monochromatic light of λ+Δ λ；
S32, the detector of imaging spectrometer (13) accepts the monochromatic light that wavelength is λ+Δ λ, reads
Take the light intensity on described first pixel and the second pixel；
S33, when the light intensity now increased on the second pixel is S32, the light intensity of the second pixel deducts in S2
Light intensity on second pixel, by the light intensity increased on the second pixel, draws described monochromatic distribution song
The first intensity sample point on line；
S34, monochromator (12) output wavelength is changed to the monochromatic light of λ+2 × Δ λ；
S35, the detector of imaging spectrometer (13) accepts the monochromatic light that wavelength is λ+2 × Δ λ,
Read the light intensity on described first pixel and the second pixel；
S36, deducts the light intensity of described first intensity sample point by the light intensity on described second pixel,
Go out the second intensity sample point on described monochromatic distribution curve；
S37, monochromator changes output wavelength, exports the monochromatic light that n wavelength interval is Δ λ；
S38, the detector of imaging spectrometer (13) accepts the monochromatic light that wavelength is λ+n Δ λ, reads
Take the light intensity on described first pixel and the second pixel；
S39, by calculating the light intensity value increased in n time on described second pixel every time, draws described list
N intensity sample point on the distribution curve of coloured light, n is the natural number of more than 1；
S4, is simulated the intensity distributions of monochromatic light hot spot, and draws imaging by n intensity sample point
The spectral bandwidth of spectrometer (13).
2. a spectral bandwidth measuring method, it is characterised in that include,
S1, monochromator (11) output wavelength is the monochromatic light of λ；
S2, the detector of imaging spectrometer (13) accepts the monochromatic hot spot that described wavelength is λ,
Read the light intensity on the first pixel on described hot spot；
S3, comprises the steps: that S321, monochromator (12) output wavelength are changed to the list of λ+Δ λ
Coloured light；
S322, the detector of imaging spectrometer (13) accepts the monochromatic light that described wavelength is λ+Δ λ,
Read the light intensity of described first pixel；
S323, by the light intensity reduced on described first pixel, draws described monochromatic distribution curve
On the first intensity sample point；
S324, monochromator (12) output wavelength is changed to the monochromatic light of λ+2 × Δ λ；
S325, the detector of imaging spectrometer (13) accepts the list that described wavelength is λ+2 × Δ λ
Coloured light, reads the light intensity on described first pixel；
S326, deducts described first intensity sample point by the light intensity of the minimizing on described first pixel
Light intensity, draws the second intensity sample point on described monochromatic distribution curve；
S327, monochromator changes output wavelength, exports the monochromatic light that n wavelength interval is Δ λ；
S328, the detector of imaging spectrometer (13) accepts the monochromatic light that wavelength is λ+n Δ λ,
Read the light intensity on described first pixel and the second pixel；
S329, by calculating the light intensity value reduced in n time on described first pixel every time, draws described
N intensity sample point on monochromatic distribution curve, n is the natural number of more than 1,
S4, is simulated the intensity distributions of monochromatic light hot spot, and draws imaging by n intensity sample point
The spectral bandwidth of spectrometer (13).
Spectral bandwidth measuring method the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that include,
The spectral width representated by each pixel length of described imaging spectrometer (13) is Δ λ 0, then
Described wavelength interval Δ λ meets: m × Δ λ=Δ λ 0, wherein, m is the natural number of more than 1.
4. a spectral bandwidth measurement apparatus, applies the spectrum described in any one in claim 1 to 2
Bandwidth Measurement Method, it is characterised in that include,
Monochromator (11), is the monochromatic light of λ for output wavelength；
Imaging spectrometer (13), accepts the monochromatic hot spot that described wavelength is λ on the detector, and
Export the light intensity on the first pixel on described hot spot；
Data collecting system (14), accepts the data of described imaging spectrometer (13)；
Wherein, described monochromator (11) is varied multiple times output wavelength, exports multiple wavelength X+n Δ λ's
Monochromatic light；Light intensity on first pixel of the detector of described imaging spectrometer (13) and the second pixel is defeated
Go out to described data collecting system (14)；Described data collecting system (14) passes through described second picture
Light intensity variable quantity on first and/or described first pixel, calculates on described monochromatic distribution curve
N intensity sample point；Wherein, n is the natural number of more than 1.
Spectral bandwidth measurement apparatus the most according to claim 4, it is characterised in that also include, long-pending
Bulb separation, is used for homogenizing the monochromatic light that described monochromator (11) sends.
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| CN108036856B (en) * | 2017-12-11 | 2021-04-13 | 中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所 | Real-time calibration system for airborne imaging spectrometer of multi-rotor unmanned aerial vehicle |
| CN109186759B (en) * | 2018-09-19 | 2020-11-20 | 北京空间机电研究所 | Grating spectrometer image quality measuring method and device |
| CN110146457A (en) * | 2019-06-21 | 2019-08-20 | 江苏新海石化有限公司 | The measuring method of chlorinity in a kind of crude oil |
| CN113639965B (en) * | 2021-07-30 | 2023-01-17 | 中国科学院空天信息创新研究院 | Spectral resolution acquisition method for single-lens spectrum device |
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