CN104280120A - Spectral bandwidth measuring method and device - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides a spectral bandwidth measuring method and device. The invention comprises the steps that S1, a monochromator outputs monochromatic light with the wavelength of lambda; S2, a detector of an imaging spectrometer receives a light spot of the monochromatic light with the wavelength of lambda, and reads the light intensity of a first pixel at the position of the light spot; S3, the monochromator changes the output wavelength, and outputs a plurality of monochromatic light beams with the wavelength interval of theta lambda, and n intensity sampling points on the distribution curve of the monochromatic light are obtained through calculation according to the light intensity variation of a second pixel and/or the first pixel; S4, the n intensity sampling points are fitted so that intensity distribution of the whole light spot of the monochromatic light can be obtained, and spectral bandwidth is obtained. According to the measuring method, spectral bandwidth is measured according to a set of monochromatic light beams with different wavelengths, measuring accuracy is related to the wavelength interval of the input monochromatic light, and the smaller the wavelength interval is, the higher the accuracy of the measured spectral bandwidth is. Compared with an existing method, the measuring accuracy of the spectral bandwidth is greatly improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of optical measuring technologies, particularly relate to a kind of the spectral bandwidth measuring method and the device that are applied to imaging spectrometer.
Background technology
Along with the development of national economy and remote sensing technology, spectral measurement methods is at elemental analysis, environmental monitoring, the aspect such as geologic survey and military surveillance obtains application and development, especially spaceborne or airborne optical spectrum imagers is widely used in space exploration, and imaging spectrometer can obtain two-dimensional space image and the one dimension spectral information of target simultaneously, intuitively can reflect the geometrical morphology of measured target, can provide again the physics and chemistry attribute of target, be the detection means that a kind of collection of illustrative plates combines.
Since eighties of last century the eighties, spectral imaging technology starts to be widely used in astronautics and airborne remote sensing imaging, is carried by aircraft, detects, the field such as water quality and air monitoring, precision agriculture and forestry achieves to attract attention and achieve at mineral products and petroleum resources.At present, this technology has progressively penetrated into the civil areas such as biomedicine, artwork authentication, food safety monitoring, the control of disease and treatment, obtains research more and more widely and uses.
Imaging spectrometer is being debug in process, needs to carry out various test to its system performance, as spatial resolution, spectral resolution, radiation calibration etc.And spectral resolution is generally adopted to spectral bandwidth to evaluate, therefore need high-precision spectral bandwidth measuring method.For imaging spectrometer, general spectral bandwidth measuring method utilizes the line sources such as Hg lamp or monochromator to export monochromatic light, tested spectrometer system obtains the intensity distribution of light source, the shape of analysis spectral line, spectral bandwidth is obtained by the method for numerical evaluation, intensity distributions as shown in Figure 1, the little Fang Dian of each black represents the light intensity value that a pixel exports, monochromatic hot spot is distributed on 10-20 pixel, according to intensity distribution, Gauss formula matching is utilized to obtain the spectral bandwidth of imaging spectrometer, the pixel number of the measuring accuracy of spectral bandwidth and hot spot distribution is directly related, namely within the scope of hot spot, sampling spot is more, the measuring accuracy of spectral bandwidth is higher.
But due to the restriction of detector technology and version, the spectral bandwidth of general imaging spectrometer is suitable with the size of Pixel size.When using conventional methods measure spectrum bandwidth, because hot spot is only distributed on 2-3 pixel, major part concentration of energy is in a pixel, sampling spot is few, therefore can not the spectral bandwidth of Measurement accuracy system, spectral bandwidth can only be analyzed qualitatively be less than a pixel or be greater than a pixel, the high precision measurement requirement of system cannot be met.And spectral bandwidth is an important indicator of imaging spectrometer, can the spectral resolution of direct influential system, reach instrument and identify that the object of target is most important, therefore need a kind of measuring method of high-precision spectral bandwidth.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is: can only analyze spectral bandwidth in existing spectral bandwidth measuring method is qualitatively be less than or greater than a pixel, and sampling spot is few, and the precision of measure spectrum bandwidth is lower.
Technical scheme of the present invention is: a kind of spectral bandwidth measuring method, comprises, S1, and monochromator output wavelength is the monochromatic light of λ; S2, the detector of imaging spectrometer accepts the monochromatic hot spot that wavelength is λ, reads the light intensity on the first pixel on hot spot; S3, monochromator changes output wavelength, exports the monochromatic light that multiple wavelength interval is Δ λ; Read the light intensity on the first pixel on hot spot and/or the second pixel; By the light intensity variable quantity on the second pixel and/or the first pixel, calculate n intensity sampling spot on monochromatic distribution curve; Wherein, n is the natural number of more than 1; S4, is simulated the intensity distributions of whole monochromatic light hot spot, and draws the spectral bandwidth of imaging spectrometer by n intensity sampling spot.
Further, S3 comprises: S31, and monochromator output wavelength is changed to the monochromatic light of λ+Δ λ; S32, the detector of imaging spectrometer accepts the monochromatic light that wavelength is λ+Δ λ, reads the light intensity on the first pixel and the second pixel; S33, by the light intensity that the second pixel increases, draws the first intensity sampling spot on monochromatic distribution curve.
Further, S3 comprises: S34, and monochromator output wavelength is changed to the monochromatic light of λ+2 × Δ λ; S35, the detector of imaging spectrometer accepts the monochromatic light that wavelength is λ+2 × Δ λ, reads the light intensity on the first pixel and the second pixel; S36, deducts the light intensity of the first intensity sampling spot by the light intensity on the second pixel, draw the second intensity sampling spot on monochromatic distribution curve.
Further, S3 comprises: S37, and monochromator changes output wavelength, exports the monochromatic light that n wavelength interval is Δ λ; S38, the detector of imaging spectrometer accepts the monochromatic light that wavelength is λ+n Δ λ, reads the light intensity on the first pixel and the second pixel; S39, by calculating the light intensity value of each increase in n time on the second pixel, draws n intensity sampling spot on monochromatic distribution curve.。
Further, the spectral width representated by each pixel length of spectrometer is Δ λ 0, then Δ λ in wavelength interval meets: m × Δ λ=Δ λ 0, wherein, m is the natural number of more than 1.
Further, S3 comprises: S321, and monochromator output wavelength is changed to the monochromatic light of λ+Δ λ; S322, the detector of imaging spectrometer accepts the monochromatic light that wavelength is λ+Δ λ, reads the light intensity of the first pixel; S323, by the light intensity that the first pixel reduces, draws the first intensity sampling spot on monochromatic distribution curve.
Further, S3 comprises: S324, and monochromator output wavelength is changed to the monochromatic light of λ+2 × Δ λ; S325, the detector of imaging spectrometer accepts the monochromatic light that wavelength is λ+2 × Δ λ, reads the light intensity on the first pixel; S326, deducts the light intensity of the first intensity sampling spot by the light intensity of the minimizing on the first pixel, draw the second intensity sampling spot on monochromatic distribution curve.
Further, described S3 comprises: S327, and monochromator changes output wavelength, exports the monochromatic light that n wavelength interval is Δ λ; S328, the detector of imaging spectrometer accepts the monochromatic light that wavelength is λ+n Δ λ, reads the light intensity on the first pixel and the second pixel; S329, by calculating the light intensity value of each minimizing in n time on the first pixel, draws n intensity sampling spot on monochromatic distribution curve.
Another aspect of the present invention, provides a kind of spectral bandwidth measurement mechanism, applies the spectral bandwidth measuring method of above-mentioned any one, also comprises, monochromator, is the monochromatic light of λ for output wavelength; Imaging spectrometer, accepts the monochromatic hot spot that wavelength is λ on the detector, and the light intensity on the first pixel on output facula; Data acquisition system (DAS), accepts the data of imaging spectrometer; Wherein, monochromator repeatedly changes output wavelength, exports the monochromatic light that multiple wavelength variations is λ+n Δ λ; Light intensity on first pixel of the detector of imaging spectrometer and the second pixel exports to data acquisition system (DAS); Data acquisition system (DAS) is calculated by the light intensity on the second pixel and/or the first pixel, draws n intensity sampling spot on monochromatic distribution curve; Wherein, n is the natural number of more than 1.
Further, also comprise, integrating sphere, for the monochromatic light that homogenize monochromator sends.
The present invention's advantage is compared with prior art:
Measuring method of the present invention takes one of wavelength variations group of monochromatic light to carry out measure spectrum bandwidth, and measuring accuracy is relevant with the monochromatic wavelength interval of input, and wavelength interval is less, and the spectral bandwidth precision recorded is higher.Compared to existing method, substantially increase the measuring accuracy of spectral bandwidth.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 shows the principle schematic of imaging spectrometer spectral bandwidth measuring method;
Fig. 2 shows the schematic diagram of high precision spectral bandwidth measurement mechanism of the present invention;
Fig. 3 a shows the data processing principle schematic diagram of high precision spectral bandwidth measuring method of the present invention;
Fig. 3 b shows the data processing principle schematic diagram of high precision spectral bandwidth measuring method of the present invention;
Fig. 3 c shows the data processing principle schematic diagram of high precision spectral bandwidth measuring method of the present invention;
Fig. 3 d shows the data processing principle schematic diagram of high precision spectral bandwidth measuring method of the present invention;
Fig. 4 a shows the measurement result schematic diagram of the spectral bandwidth measuring method of prior art;
Fig. 4 b shows the measurement result schematic diagram of high precision spectral bandwidth measuring method of the present invention.
Embodiment
The present invention is directed to the measurement mechanism of the spectral bandwidth of spectrometer, comprising: a high-resolution standard monochromator, an integrating sphere to monochromatic light homogenize, a tested imaging spectrometer and a real-time data acquisition and analytic system.Standard monochromator exports the monochromatic light at equiwavelength interval, is received, calculate spectral bandwidth by real-time data acquisition and analytic system after integrating sphere homogenize by imaging spectrometer.
The measuring method of a kind of imaging spectrometer spectral bandwidth of the present invention, when monochromator organizes monochromatic light with the output of known fixed wave length interval more, and after being received by data acquisition system (DAS), by analyzing the corresponding relation of the Strength Changes of each pixel on input wavelength and detector, draw the intensity level of each segmentation section of tested hot spot, and simulate hot spot distribution plan, calculate the spectral bandwidth of imaging spectrometer.
Shown in figure 2, the measurement mechanism of native system is made up of four parts, is respectively standard monochromator 11, integrating sphere 12, imaging spectrometer 13 and data acquisition system (DAS) 14.Standard monochromator 11 can export monochromatic light, and spectral range covers whole measurement range, and its spectral bandwidth will meet the requirement of test imaging spectrometer, is specially and is generally less than 1/10 of tested imaging spectrometer spectral bandwidth.The light that monochromator 11 sends is uneven in space distribution, the effect of integrating sphere 12 is the light uniformizations sent by monochromator 11, be radiated on imaging spectrometer 13 to be measured afterwards, imaging spectrometer 13 is tested systems, imaging spectrometer 13 is made up of optical system and planar array detector, planar array detector can irradiate the hot spot entered on imaging spectrometer 13 by real-time reception through integrating sphere 12, and is analyzed the intensity distributions of hot spot by data analysis system 14.In the process of test, standard monochromator 11 can export the monochromatic light of specific wavelength as requested, each measurement can export the monochromatic light of 10 ~ 20 wavelength, data acquisition system (DAS) 14 records the intensity distributions of all wavelengths automatically, and according to the corresponding relation in output wavelength and detector between picture element intensities change, automatically calculate the spectral bandwidth of imaging spectrometer 13.
Shown in figure 3a to Fig. 3 d, the present invention is in order to solve the problem of existing spectral bandwidth metering system precision deficiency, and native system no longer only inputs a kind of monochromatic light, but the monochromatic mode adopting input one group of wavelength different, improve measuring accuracy.One group of monochromatic light is collected by the aforesaid measurement mechanism of the present invention, and to it through row data processing.
Concrete computation process is, during the monochromatic light of standard monochromator 11 output wavelength λ, this monochromatic hot spot light intensity has distribution curve 25.As shown in Figure 3 a, hot spot is distributed on the detector of imaging spectrometer 13, and image patch covers on pixel 23 and pixel 24, at this moment, detection only have pixel 23 and pixel 24 have light intensity to export, the light intensity that pixel 23 exports and image patch 211 correspondence, the light intensity that pixel 24 exports and image patch 212 correspondence.Now, change the output wavelength of standard monochromator 11, each increase wavelength Δ λ, the distribution of recording light intensity values.According to theoretical model, the spectral width representated by each pixel length of known imaging spectrometer 13, is assumed to Δ λ 0.Then Δ λ in wavelength interval need meet formula: m × Δ λ=Δ λ 0, wherein m=1,2,3 ..., this mode can reduced data processing procedure.Each output wavelength increases Δ λ, and when pixel 22 has light intensity to export, record wavelength value is now λ+n Δ λ, wherein n=1,2,3 ...
Known see Fig. 3 b, light intensity and the image patch 213 of now pixel 22 output are corresponding, are the amount of movement of hot spot when wavelength changes to λ+n Δ λ from λ+(n-1) Δ λ, it can thus be appreciated that the intensity level of image patch 213 is the light intensity value that pixel 22 exports.Thus, the light intensity value recorded by pixel 22 obtains an intensity sampling spot on distribution curve 25.
Known see Fig. 3 c, when standard monochromator 11 output wavelength is λ+(n+1) Δ λ, the light intensity that known pixel 22 exports is the intensity of image patch 213 and image patch 214, since it is known the intensity level of image patch 213, so only need the intensity deducting image patch 213, the intensity level of image patch 214 both can be obtained.Thus, calculate by the light intensity of pixel 22 second the intensity sampling spot obtained on distribution curve 25 again.By that analogy, through movement repeatedly and calculating, a series of intensity level sampling spot can be obtained.
Shown in Fig. 3 d, when standard monochromator 11 output wavelength is λ+(n+m) Δ λ, now pixel 21 has light intensity to export, corresponding by the light intensity and image patch 213 of analyzing known now pixel 21, the light intensity that pixel 22 exports is then image patch 214,215 ... until the intensity sum of 220 cuts the intensity level of image patch 213 again, the intensity level of image patch 220 can be calculated thus.By that analogy, whole image patch can be divided into multiple segment, every section of corresponding step-length is Δ λ, according to the position corresponding to every section of light intensity, can simulate the intensity distributions of whole hot spot, can measure the spectral bandwidth of system according to intensity distributions.
The measuring accuracy of spectral bandwidth is relevant with the selection of Δ λ, if want the measuring accuracy improving spectral bandwidth, only needs to select less Δ λ.Adopt in said method be utilize pixel 21 and pixel 22 to go up light intensity recruitment to calculate spectral bandwidth, in like manner, spectral bandwidth can be calculated with pixel 23 and pixel 24, only need to calculate the light intensity reduction on pixel 23 or pixel 24.
Therefore, in same one-shot measurement, the mean value of two kinds of measuring methods can be got to improve measuring accuracy.Of the present invention method is simple, do not need to do special setting to imaging spectrometer, therefore improves the scope of application of this kind of measuring method and device, and this method substantially increases the measuring accuracy of imaging spectrometer 13 spectral bandwidth.
Shown in figure 4a, when adopting the method test imaging spectrometer 13 of traditional test spectral bandwidth, whole hot spot only accounts for two pixels on the detector, outputs two light intensity values, can not calculate spectral bandwidth with these two numerical value.And with reference to shown in figure 4b, adopt the inventive method and device, by changing the method for input monochromatic wavelength, 26 points have been collected in the scope of whole hot spot, the spectral bandwidth of imaging spectrometer 13 can be calculated accurately with 26 points, counting of collecting is relevant with arranging of wavelength interval Δ λ, in order to obtain higher precision, can select less Δ λ.Solve the test problem of spectral bandwidth.
The above; be only a kind of embodiment of the present invention, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, is anyly familiar with those skilled in the art in the technical scope that the present invention discloses; the change that can expect easily or replacement, all should be encompassed within protection scope of the present invention.Therefore, protection scope of the present invention should be as the criterion with the protection domain of claims.
Claims (10)
1. a spectral bandwidth measuring method, is characterized in that, comprises,
S1, monochromator (11) output wavelength is the monochromatic light of λ;
S2, the detector of imaging spectrometer (13) accepts the monochromatic hot spot that described wavelength is λ, reads the light intensity on the first pixel on described hot spot;
S3, monochromator (12) changes output wavelength, exports the monochromatic light that n wavelength interval is Δ λ; Read the light intensity on the first pixel on described hot spot and/or the second pixel; By the light intensity variable quantity on described second pixel and/or described first pixel, calculate n intensity sampling spot on described monochromatic distribution curve; Wherein, n is the natural number of more than 1;
S4, is simulated the intensity distributions of monochromatic light hot spot, and draws the spectral bandwidth of imaging spectrometer (13) by n intensity sampling spot.
2. spectral bandwidth measuring method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described S3 comprises: S31, and monochromator (12) output wavelength is changed to the monochromatic light of λ+Δ λ;
S32, the detector of imaging spectrometer (13) accepts the monochromatic light that wavelength is λ+Δ λ, reads the light intensity on described first pixel and described second pixel;
S33, by the light intensity that described second pixel increases, draws the first intensity sampling spot on described monochromatic distribution curve.
3. spectral bandwidth measuring method according to claim 2, is characterized in that, described S3 comprises: S34, and monochromator (12) output wavelength is changed to the monochromatic light of λ+2 × Δ λ;
S35, the detector of imaging spectrometer (13) accepts the monochromatic light that wavelength is λ+2 × Δ λ, reads the light intensity on described first pixel and described second pixel;
S36, deducts the light intensity of described first intensity sampling spot by the light intensity on described second pixel, draw the second intensity sampling spot on described monochromatic distribution curve.
4. spectral bandwidth measuring method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described S3 comprises:
S37, monochromator changes output wavelength, exports the monochromatic light that n wavelength interval is Δ λ;
S38, the detector of imaging spectrometer (13) accepts the monochromatic light that wavelength is λ+n Δ λ, reads the light intensity on described first pixel and described second pixel;
S39, by calculating the light intensity value of each increase in n time on described second pixel, draws n intensity sampling spot on described monochromatic distribution curve.
5. spectral bandwidth measuring method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, comprise,
The spectral width representated by each pixel length of described spectrometer (13) is Δ λ 0, then described wavelength interval Δ λ meets: m × Δ λ=Δ λ 0, wherein, m is the natural number of more than 1.
6. spectral bandwidth measuring method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described S3 comprises: S321, and monochromator (12) output wavelength is changed to the monochromatic light of λ+Δ λ;
S322, the detector of imaging spectrometer (13) accepts the monochromatic light that described wavelength is λ+Δ λ, reads the light intensity of described first pixel;
S323, by the light intensity that described first pixel reduces, draws the first intensity sampling spot on described monochromatic distribution curve.
7. spectral bandwidth measuring method according to claim 6, is characterized in that, described S3 comprises: S324, and monochromator (12) output wavelength is changed to the monochromatic light of λ+2 × Δ λ;
S325, the detector of imaging spectrometer (13) accepts the monochromatic light that described wavelength is λ+2 × Δ λ, reads the light intensity on described first pixel;
S326, deducts the light intensity of described first intensity sampling spot by the light intensity of the minimizing on described first pixel, draw the second intensity sampling spot on described monochromatic distribution curve.
8. the spectral bandwidth measuring method according to claim 1 or 4, is characterized in that, described S3 comprises:
S327, monochromator changes output wavelength, exports the monochromatic light that n wavelength interval is Δ λ;
S328, the detector of imaging spectrometer (13) accepts the monochromatic light that wavelength is λ+n Δ λ, reads the light intensity on described first pixel and described second pixel;
S329, by calculating the light intensity value of each minimizing in n time on described first pixel, draws n intensity sampling spot on described monochromatic distribution curve.
9. a spectral bandwidth measurement mechanism, application rights requires the spectral bandwidth measuring method in 1 to 8 described in any one, it is characterized in that, comprises,
Monochromator (11) is the monochromatic light of λ for output wavelength;
Imaging spectrometer (13), accepts the monochromatic hot spot that described wavelength is λ on the detector, and exports the light intensity on the first pixel on described hot spot;
Data acquisition system (DAS) (14), accepts the data of described imaging spectrometer (13);
Wherein, described monochromator (11) repeatedly changes output wavelength, exports the monochromatic light of multiple wavelength X+n Δ λ; Light intensity on first pixel of the detector of described imaging spectrometer (13) and the second pixel exports to described data acquisition system (DAS) (14); Described data acquisition system (DAS) (14), by the light intensity variable quantity on described second pixel and/or described first pixel, calculates n intensity sampling spot on described monochromatic distribution curve; Wherein, n is the natural number of more than 1.
10. spectral bandwidth measurement mechanism according to claim 9, is characterized in that, also comprise, integrating sphere, for the monochromatic light that monochromator described in homogenize (11) sends.
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| CN113639965A (en) * | 2021-07-30 | 2021-11-12 | 中国科学院空天信息创新研究院 | Spectral resolution acquisition method for single-lens spectrum device |
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