CN102625961B - 用于防止电池深度放电的系统 - Google Patents
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
- H01M10/482—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/382—Arrangements for monitoring battery or accumulator variables, e.g. SoC
- G01R31/3835—Arrangements for monitoring battery or accumulator variables, e.g. SoC involving only voltage measurements
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0029—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
- H02J7/00306—Overdischarge protection
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0029—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
- H02J7/0031—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits using battery or load disconnect circuits
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
- H01M2010/4271—Battery management systems including electronic circuits, e.g. control of current or voltage to keep battery in healthy state, cell balancing
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Abstract
本发明公开了一种用于管理诸如锂离子电池的电池单元的电压的电池管理系统。该电池管理系统包括半导体开关,其耦合到所述电池单元,其中当所述跨于电池单元的电压超过第一阈值电压时,所述半导体开关处于导通状态;和微处理器,其耦合到所述半导体开关;其中,当所述半导体开关导通时,所述微处理器监视跨于所述电池单元的电压,并且当所述监视的电压小于第二阈值电压时,将自身关断,由此防止从所述电池单元的进一步电流抽取。
Description
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求2009年6月10号提交的美国临时申请序列号为61/185809的利益,其全部内容以引用方式并入本文中。
技术领域
本申请涉及防止电池组的一个或多个电池单元深度放电(deepdischarge)的系统。
背景技术
已知诸如向电力驱动的设备提供电源的电池组;这些电力驱动设备包括诸如电动车辆,混合型车辆,轮椅,电动自行车和电力单脚滑行车。电池组通常包括多个串联和/或并联电连接的单个电池单元,以提供需要的输出电压和容量。通常提供电池管理系统以监视和控制电池组的操作。一般地,这些电池管理系统可能自身从电池组吸取电流,即使当车辆不从电池组吸取电力时也如此。随着时间的流失,这可使得电池组电流被抽取到所说的“深度放电”状态,这会限制电池组的使用寿命。
附图说明
图1是按照本发明的诸如可以并入在用于锂离子电池组的电池管理系统中用于防止深度电池放电的系统简图。
具体实施方式
尽管本发明可以有很多不同形式的实施例,在此将详细描述一个具体的实施例,且这样理解:本公开被认为是本发明原理的示例,而不打算将本发明限制到所示的具体实施例。
图1示出了按照本发明的用于防止深度电池放电的系统或低电压切断(cut-off)电路,并且一般地用10表示。低电压切断电路10是电池管理系统11的部分。所示的低电压切断电路10耦合到串联连接的两个锂离子电池单元12和14。典型地,电池组包括更多电池单元。但为了便于讨论,将只讨论两个电池单元12和14。电池单元12和14最好是磷酸铁锂电池单元,尽管它们可以是其他电池化学。
按照本说明书,当电池单元12,14处于满充电时,每个单元具有3.6-3.7伏的标称电压,但它们典型地工作在3.2-3.3伏。电池单元12,14向电力驱动设备(未示出)提供电源。
正如所知,电池管理系统11执行各种传统功能。这样的一种功能是单独或共同地监视电池单元两端的电压。当电池管理系统11确定所监视的电池单元的电压已经下降到低于需要的工作阈值诸如每个电池单元2.3伏时,电池管理系统11典型地关断给该设备的电池电力。即使该给该设备的电力已经关断,可能扔需要电池管理系统11继续工作,诸如提供由于低电池情况设备被关断的指示。然而,正如上面所示的,即使当设备关断时,电池管理系统11自身继续抽取电流。当横跨电池单元的电压下降到低于关断阈值诸如每个单元约2.1伏时,提供电力给低电压切断电路11,来关断电池管理系统11。这既可以通过一个个电池单元来完成,也可以通过串接在一连串的电池单元来集中完成。
低电压切断电路10包括齐纳二极管16,典型地具有100千欧姆至10兆欧范围的高阻抗的第一至第四电阻器18,分别包括第一和第二互补晶体管26,28的互补晶体管,和具有存储器及存储于其上的微处理器逻辑的微处理器32。第一晶体管26可以是N沟道MOSFET(金属氧化物半导体场效应晶体管),并且第二晶体管28可以是互补P沟道MOSFET。可选地,第一晶体管26可以是npn晶体管,及第二晶体管28可以是互补pnp晶体管,或互补晶体管设备的这些其他组合。微处理器可以是Microchip PIC16F690,Microchip PIC12F675,Microchip PIC16F684,Microchip PIC16F616,或者Atmel ATtiny13A系列,或这些其他传统微处理器。
按照本发明,当低电压切断电路10关断时,低电压切断电路10从电池单元12,14获得零电流抽取。
当电池电压下降到低于可使用电压水平(对于当前电池化学,典型地为每单元约2.1伏(±0.1v))时,低电压切断电路10关断,防止电流从电池单元12,14流出。
按照本发明,当电池组电压升到可使用值时,低电压切断电路10自动重新激活。
参考图1,直到跨于第一和第二电池单元12,14二者的电池电压上升到齐纳二极管16的阈值电压以上,低电压切断电路10关断。齐纳二极管的阈值电压(即,齐纳二极管开始导通的电压)典型地稍微低于其名义额定齐纳电压。根据被测量的电池单元的数目,选择齐纳二极管16的额定电压。在针对二个电池单元的本公开中,齐纳二极管16的额定电压是4.7伏,但也可以是5.1伏或5.7伏,这取决于需要的电路操作,即何时需要电路导通。
一旦跨于第一和第二电池单元12,14的电压达到齐纳二极管16的阈值电压,“第一”阈值电压,齐纳二极管16开始导通,并且电流流过第一电阻器18。这样提高了第一晶体管26上的门极电压,使得第一晶体管26导通。当第一晶体管26导通时,电流流过第二电阻器20。这使得第二晶体管28的门极电压下降(即,在负方向上升高),并且电流开始流过第二晶体管28。于是,互补开关处于接通或导通状态。
第三电阻器22是反馈电阻器,其传导流过第二晶体管28的某些电流,以通过第一晶体管18流回。这帮助维持第一晶体管26,并且由此第二晶体管28导通,及提供第一晶体管26的导通电压的某些滞后。换言之,导通电压(“第一”阈值电压)稍微高于关断电压“第二电压”,防止由于电池单元12,14的电压波动引起的振荡。
微处理器32包括电池电压检测输入32a,接地参考输入32b和保持逻辑信号输出32c。
第四电阻器24耦合到保持逻辑信号输出32c,其由驻留在微处理器32的存储器中的微控制器逻辑控制。当第二晶体管28导通时,电池检测输入32a检测跨于第一和第二电池单元12,14的电压,允许微处理器32监视跨于第一和第二电池单元12,14的电压。只要检测的电池单元12,14的电池电压保持在第三阈值电压(该电压由微处理器32设定并且小于第二阈值电压)之上,来自保持逻辑输出32c的保持逻辑信号为高。这提供回到第一晶体管26的附加电流,保持低电压切断电路10处于激活状态。
当电池单元12,14的电压水平落到低于齐纳二极管16的阈值电压即第一阈值电压时,齐纳二极管16将停止导通。然而,流过第三电阻器22的电流和通过第四电阻器24的保持逻辑信号将使得第一和第二晶体管26,28继续导通,并且微处理器32将继续监视跨于电阻单元12,14的电压。当跨于第一和第二电池单元12,14的电压落到低于第二阈值电压时,流过第三电阻器的电流将不再足以使得第一和第二晶体管26,28继续导通,但是保持逻辑信号将使得第一和第二晶体管26,28继续导通,并且微处理器32将继续监视跨于电池单元12,14的电压。然而,当跨于第一和第二电池单元12,14的电压落到低于第三阈值电压时,保持输出信号将变低,使得第一晶体管26以及由此第二晶体管28停止导通。这使得到微处理器的电压检测输入32a的输入变为零。响应于微处理器的电压检查输入32a的输入变为零,微处理器32自身关断。这使得保持逻辑信号变低并且低电压切断电路10将完全关断。
因为第三阈值电压的值由微处理器23的微处理器逻辑设定,该值可以容易地被调节,并且切断电路10关断处的电压可以得到紧密地调节。
之后当电池单元13,14被替换或再充电,并且电压超过第一阈值电压(即,齐纳二极管16的阈值电压)时,齐纳二极管将再次开始导通,第一晶体管26将导通,使得第二晶体管28导通。然后,微处理器32将检测在电池电压检测输入32a处的电池电压,使得微处理器32导通,并且该过程自身重复。
从上述可以看到,可以实现各种变化和修改,而不脱离本发明的精神和范围。将理解,对所示的具体装置无意进行限制或应被推断。当然,意欲由所附的权利要求覆盖,所有这些修改落入权利要求的范围内。
Claims (4)
1.一种用于管理电池单元的电压的电池管理系统,该电池管理系统包括:
半导体开关,其耦合到所述电池单元,其中当跨于所述电池单元的电压超过第一阈值电压时,所述半导体开关处于导通状态,并且当电池单元的电压水平落到低于所述第一阈值电压时,所述半导体开关停止导通;和
微处理器,其通过电压检测输入耦合到所述半导体开关;
其中,当所述半导体开关导通时,所述微处理器监视跨于所述电池单元的电压,并且当所述监视的电压小于低电压切断阈值电压时,所述电压检测输入降至零,而所述微处理器响应于所述电压检测输入降至零将自身关断,由此防止从所述电池单元的进一步电流抽取,
其中,所述半导体开关包括两个互补晶体管和齐纳二极管。
2.如权利要求1所述的电池管理系统,其中,所述低电压切断阈值电压由所述微处理器确定。
3.如权利要求1所述的电池管理系统,其中,所述低电压切断阈值电压小于所述第一阈值电压。
4.如权利要求1所述的电池管理系统,其中,所述微处理器保持所述半导体开关处于导通状态一直到所述监视的电压小于所述低电压切断阈值电压。
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US18580909P | 2009-06-10 | 2009-06-10 | |
US61/185,809 | 2009-06-10 | ||
PCT/US2010/038153 WO2010144690A1 (en) | 2009-06-10 | 2010-06-10 | System for preventing deep battery discharge |
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CN102625961B true CN102625961B (zh) | 2015-05-13 |
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KR (1) | KR101687212B1 (zh) |
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KR102567041B1 (ko) * | 2023-01-25 | 2023-08-14 | 유한회사 승건 | 임시전원 공급을 통해 방전이 최소화된 탈착형 배터리팩의 제어회로 및 이의 관리 시스템 |
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US5898293A (en) * | 1996-07-30 | 1999-04-27 | Sanyo Electric Co., Ltd. | Method of preventing battery over-discharge and a battery pack with a battery over-discharge prevention circuit |
EP0512340B1 (en) * | 1991-04-26 | 1999-07-14 | Sony Corporation | Overcharge/overdischarge preventing device for a secondary battery |
US6888468B2 (en) * | 2003-01-22 | 2005-05-03 | Midtronics, Inc. | Apparatus and method for protecting a battery from overdischarge |
CN1677788A (zh) * | 2003-11-14 | 2005-10-05 | 索尼株式会社 | 电池组、电池保护处理装置及其控制方法 |
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JP2925241B2 (ja) * | 1990-05-28 | 1999-07-28 | 旭化成工業株式会社 | 充電式電池装置 |
KR19980041194U (ko) * | 1996-12-23 | 1998-09-15 | 배순훈 | 자동차의 배터리 과방전 방지장치 |
KR19990070581A (ko) * | 1998-02-21 | 1999-09-15 | 윤종용 | 전원 제어시스템의 과방전 방지장치 및 방법 |
JP2008029156A (ja) * | 2006-07-24 | 2008-02-07 | Matsushita Electric Works Ltd | 充電式ライト |
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2010
- 2010-06-10 CN CN201080025684.0A patent/CN102625961B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2010-06-10 US US12/813,269 patent/US8847554B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2010-06-10 WO PCT/US2010/038153 patent/WO2010144690A1/en active Application Filing
- 2010-06-10 KR KR1020117030176A patent/KR101687212B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2010-06-10 EP EP10725943.4A patent/EP2441113B1/en not_active Not-in-force
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US3526787A (en) * | 1966-11-17 | 1970-09-01 | Hughes Aircraft Co | Complementary transistor pair switching circuit |
GB1271497A (en) * | 1968-05-17 | 1972-04-19 | Sevcon Eng Ltd | Improvements in or relating to battery discharge indicators |
DE2340878A1 (de) * | 1973-08-13 | 1975-02-27 | Wilhelm Werner Fa | Elektronischer zeitschalter |
US4052003A (en) * | 1976-08-06 | 1977-10-04 | Dickey-John Corporation | Liquid spreader control system |
EP0512340B1 (en) * | 1991-04-26 | 1999-07-14 | Sony Corporation | Overcharge/overdischarge preventing device for a secondary battery |
US5898293A (en) * | 1996-07-30 | 1999-04-27 | Sanyo Electric Co., Ltd. | Method of preventing battery over-discharge and a battery pack with a battery over-discharge prevention circuit |
US6888468B2 (en) * | 2003-01-22 | 2005-05-03 | Midtronics, Inc. | Apparatus and method for protecting a battery from overdischarge |
CN1677788A (zh) * | 2003-11-14 | 2005-10-05 | 索尼株式会社 | 电池组、电池保护处理装置及其控制方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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KR20120036859A (ko) | 2012-04-18 |
US8847554B2 (en) | 2014-09-30 |
CN102625961A (zh) | 2012-08-01 |
EP2441113A1 (en) | 2012-04-18 |
EP2441113B1 (en) | 2015-01-28 |
WO2010144690A1 (en) | 2010-12-16 |
KR101687212B1 (ko) | 2016-12-16 |
US20100315044A1 (en) | 2010-12-16 |
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