CN102622569B - 具有边缘检测增强的条码读取器 - Google Patents
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Abstract
公开具有边缘检测增强的条码读取器。用于解码符号体系的编码符号字符的光读取器包含具有表示编码的符号字符的扫描数据信号编码信息作为输入的扫描数据信号处理器,其包括适于从扫描数据信号提供主要相位波形的第一时间延迟级,适于从扫描数据信号提供早期相位波形的第二时间延迟级,适于从扫描数据信号提供延迟相位波形的第三时间延迟级。早期相位波形具有小于主要相位波形的传播延迟,延迟相位波形具有大于主要相位波形的传播延迟。其还包括峰值窗口检测级,当主要相位波形的幅度大于或小于或等于早期相位波形和延迟相位波形的幅度二者时,生成峰值窗口时间帧。其还包括数字转换器电路,适于在峰值窗口时间帧内接受扫描数据信号处理器输出。
Description
对相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求申请号为12/948,394、提交于2011年11月17日、名称为“BarcodeReader with Edge Detection Enhancement(具有边缘检测增强的条码读取器)”的美国专利申请的优先权。要求上述申请的优先权,并其全部内容在此引入以供参考。
技术领域
本公开通常涉及处理从条码符号读取系统中生成的模拟扫描数据信号,并且更具体地,涉及增强的条码边缘检测的电路和方法。
背景技术
各种各样的光学扫描装置例如激光条码扫描仪被广泛地应用于以目标识别、数据输入等等为目的的各种环境中。扫描装置已经发展到用来读取和解码被附着、印刷或其他方法固定在要被识别的目标的光学标记,例如条码符号。在这类装置的操作期间,聚焦光束由例如可见激光二极管(VLD)的光源产生,并且反复地扫描跨过所述码符号的元素。在条码扫描应用的情况中,所述码符号的元素由一系列变化宽度的条和空白元素组成。为了辨别的目的,所述条和空白具有不同的光反射率(例如,所述空白是高的光反射性,而所述条是高的光吸收性)。当激光束扫描跨过条码元素时,所述条元素吸收相当大部分的激光束功率,而所述空白元素反射相当大部分的激光束功率。作为这个扫描过程的结果,根据在被扫描的条码符号内编码的信息结构调制激光束的强度。
当激光束扫描跨过条码符号时,反射光束的一部分被扫描器内的光学器件收集。被收集的光信号随后被聚焦到扫描器内的光电检测器上,在一个例子中,扫描器产生可被分解为许多信号分量的模拟电输出信号,即:数字扫描数据信号,具有与被扫描的码符号内的条和空白对应的第一和第二信号电平;由于该系统的光收集光学器件收集的环境光的结果产生的环境光噪声;由于信号检测和处理电路内的热活动性的结果产生的热噪声;“纸”或基底噪声,其可能由于基底的微观结构与聚焦激光扫描光束的横断面尺寸相关的结果而产生的,或者与条码的打印质量(例如,条码边缘粗糙,不需要的污点,无效的缺陷,和/或印刷差异)有关的噪声。
模拟扫描数据信号具有正向转变和负向转变,其表示被扫描的条码符号中的条与空白间的转变。然而,这样的噪声分量或在聚焦区域的操作极限附近操作扫描器的结果,从第一信号电平到第二信号电平的转变以及反之亦然不是完全鲜明,或者瞬时。因此,有时难以确定每个二进制信号电平转换在被检测的模拟扫描数据信号中发生的确切瞬间。
扫描器准确地扫描编码的符号字符和准确地产生代表在嘈杂环境中被扫描的条码符号的数字扫描数据信号的能力依赖激光扫描光束的调制深度。激光扫描光束的调制深度又依赖几个重要的因素。这些因素中(i)扫描平面上的激光束横断面尺寸与在正被扫描的条码符号的最小条码元素的宽度的比;(ii)扫描数据信号处理器在其中二进制级(1-比特)模拟到数字(A/D)信号转换发生的阶段上的信噪比(SNR);(iii)目标距离;和(iv)视野(FOV)角。
实际来看,在多数情况中不可能产生具有精确定义信号电平转变的模拟扫描数据信号。因此,模拟扫描数据信号必须被进一步处理,以精确地确定信号电平转变发生的点。一些电路已经被开发用来实现这种扫描数据信号处理操作。通常,能够执行这样的操作的信号处理电路包含滤波器,用于消除不需要的噪声分量,和信号门限设备,用于拒绝没有超过预定信号电平的信号分量。这些方法的一个缺陷是给予模拟扫描数据输入信号的热以及“纸”(或基底)噪声倾向在一阶导数信号中产生“假的”正向和负向转变,并且还可能在二阶导数信号产生零交叉。因此,电路逻辑允许“假的”一阶导数峰值信号和二阶导数零交叉信号通过,从而在信号处理器输出级上产生错误的二进制信号电平。接下来,满是错误(error-ridden)的数字数据扫描数据信号被传送到条码扫描器的数字扫描数据信号处理器,用于转换为代表数字扫描数据信号中的二进制信号电平的长度的数字字。这能够导致在条码符号解码操作期间的显著错误,导致目标被不正确识别和/或错误的数据被输入到主机系统中。
发明内容
在此公开的一个方面中,一种用于解码符号体系(symbology)的编码的符号字符的光读取器包括激光源,用于沿光学路径生成激光束;透镜组件,用于在聚焦平面上将激光束聚焦到编码的符号字符上。用于在预定频率上振荡激光束的扫描机构根据预先描述的扫描模式扫过编码的符号字符。该光读取器进一步包括光电检测器,具有与从扫描的编码符号字符散射的激光束相应的检测的光强度作为输入。光读取器输出表示编码的符号字符的扫描数据信号编码信息。
光读取器进一步包括具有输入和输出的扫描数据信号处理器。该扫描数据信号处理器包括适于从扫描数据信号中提供主要相位波形的第一时间延迟级,适于从扫描数据信号中提供早期相位波形的第二时间延迟级,以及适于从扫描数据信号中提供延迟相位波形的第三时间延迟级。该早期相位波形具有小于该主要相位波形的传播延迟,并且该延迟的相位波形具有大于主要相位波形的传播延迟。该扫描数据信号处理器进一步包括峰值窗口检测级,用于当主要相位波形的幅度大于或小于或等于早期相位波形和延迟的相位波形的幅度二者时,生成峰值窗口时间帧。光读取器进一步包括数字转换器电路,适于在峰值窗口时间帧内接受扫描数据信号处理器输出。
在本公开的另一方面中,公开了用于在光读取器中处理扫描数据的方法。该方法包括步骤:在外壳内提供用于沿光学路径生成激光束的激光源,用于将激光束聚焦到编码的符号字符上的透镜组件,用于检测与从扫描的编码符号字符散射的激光束相应的光强度并生成表示编码的符号字符的扫描数据信号编码信息的光电检测器。
该方法进一步包括步骤:从具有标称传播延迟的扫描数据信号中生成主要相位波形;从具有小于主要相位波形的标称传播延迟的波形传播延迟的扫描数据信号中生成早期相位波形;从具有大于主要相位波形的标称传播延迟的波形传播延迟的扫描数据信号中生成延迟的相位波形。将主要相位波形的幅度与早期相位波形的幅度以及延迟的相位波形的幅度相比较。如果主要相位波形的幅度大于、小于或等于早期相位波形和延迟的相位波形二者的幅度,该方法还包括生成峰值窗口时间帧的步骤。该方法还包括在峰值窗口时间帧期间,尝试解码编码的符号字符。
附图说明
这里描述的特征可参考以下描述的附图更好地进行理解。附图没有必要按比例,相反重点通常在于说明本发明的原理。在附图中,相似的数字用来指示遍及各种视图中的相似部分。
图1是依照本发明的一个实施例的光读取器的示意图;
图2是图1中的光读取器内的扫描数据信号处理器的方框示意图;
图3说明了依照本发明的一个实施例的由图1的光读取器产生的信号痕迹的图形表示;
图4说明了依照本发明的另一个实施例的由图1的光读取器产生的信号痕迹的图形表示;以及
图5是依照本发明的实施例的在光读取器中处理扫描数据的方法的方框图。
具体实施方式
本发明提供了用于解码例如条码的光学标记的设备和方法,其更有效地在实际条码元素和信号噪声之间进行区别。正如以下将被更详细解释的,由于光、环境和物理因素,被用来“读”标记的光读取器或成像器将不通常获得条码符号的清晰表示。失真信号的通常原因包含条码处在超出远景深限制的位置上(例如,离焦),条码可能被光照不充分因此黑与白之间的对比不明显,或信号包含纸或基底噪声。出现基底噪声是由于条码基底通常是纸,并且激光从具有随机空间结构的纤维反射。另外,孔径是激光束成形中的重要控制因素。然而,由光束成形引起的孔径截断导致光束失去它的高斯特性。结果,在一些光束剖面中观察到旁瓣。旁瓣可导致触发器或基于闭锁的二进制数字转换器产生不正确的波形。
使用传统的解码系统和方法,读取器将在多数情况下将光电检测器信号电压的上升或下降解释为条/空白图样的开始或结束的指示。这依次触发读取器逻辑内的其他行为,例如获得模拟信号的一阶和二阶导数,测量条/空白的宽度,数字化信息和将它传递给解码器。然而,如果光电检测器信号电压的上升或下降是由于基底噪声或上面提到的其他因素,则读取器仍将执行被触发的任务,例如求导和确定条/空白宽度,但是将最终不能提供合适的解码信号。这浪费了宝贵的处理器时间和功率。
“编码的符号字符”旨在指示消息中的信息单元的表示,例如单个数字字母符号的条码符号体系的表示。一个或多个编码的符号字符能被用来传送例如UPC条码中的信息,例如产品的来源和型号的标识,UPC条码包括代表数字位的12个编码的符号字符。同样,编码的符号字符可以是在常规意义上达成共识的非字母数字字符,例如包括条和空白的元素,用于指示UPC条码的开始、结束和中心。用来将字符编码为编码符号的条和空白通常被作为“元素”。例如,在UPC符号中的编码字符包括4个元素、2个条和2个空白。类似地,编码的符号字符可以针对其他条码符号系统,例如其他一维(“1-D”)条码系统,和二维(“2-D”)条码系统(例如,PDF417或Aztec)来定义。
参考图1,提供了光读取器100,在一个实施例中,其包括激光扫描系统。光读取器100可能包括含有多个子部件的外壳101,包括被实现为编程微控制器的系统控制器102、被对准以便沿着光学路径或轴105产生足够功率的激光束104以照亮目标106的激光源103。激光源103可被实现为例如可见激光二极管(VLD)。激光束104可通过准直透镜107,透镜组件108传输并且从扫描机构109反射。准直透镜107产生聚集光束。在公开的例子中,准直透镜107被放置在激光源103和扫描机构109之间,但是透镜可以被放置在沿着轴105的任意有利位置上。在一个实施例中,准直透镜107被包含作为激光源103的组件的一部分。准直透镜107由光读取器100的制造商依照设计的特定需要被选择。在一个实施例中,透镜组件108是可变聚焦透镜组件,其可使用相对彼此平移的可移动光学部件响应于系统控制器102产生的控制信号以实时的方式实现,以便在激光器扫描操作期间改变在该系统内的不同焦平面(例如,聚焦区)上激光束104的焦距。在一个例子中,取决于所施加的电压或机械激励,改变透镜的曲率。
扫描机构109反射入射于其上的所发射的激光束104,并将它对准目标106。此外,扫描机构109在预定的频率上振荡以根据预先描述的扫描模式将光束104扫过目标106。扫描模式可沿着线横跨目标平面,例如,边到边运动。在一些实例中,增加正交扫描机构允许光栅扫描。在某些实施例中,扫描机构109的振荡运动可以被马达110驱动。
光读取器100进一步包含光电检测器111,用来检测从例如条码符号的扫描的编码符号字符112散射的激光的强度,同时产生与扫描的编码符号字符结构对应的电模拟扫描数据信号113。在公开的实施例中,聚光系统(collection optics)包含非反向的光学装置,其中扫描镜109是一种微机电系统(MEMS),并且光电检测器111包含光滤波器和聚光系统。其他配置是可能的,例如包括振荡反射镜(oscillating mirror)的反向光学装置,来偏转出射激光束到目标16并且还偏转反射的光到光电检测器111上。
光读取器100进一步包含前置放大电路114,用来前置放大光电检测器111产生的模拟扫描数据信号。前置放大电路114的功能是增加与编码符号字符112中的条和空白对应的输入模拟扫描数据信号113的两种电平之间的电压隔离。被前置放大的模拟扫描数据信号115被扫描数据信号处理器116处理,扫描数据信号处理器116可以产生与作为输入提供到那里的模拟扫描数据信号对应的数字扫描数据信号117。正如以下将详细解释的,扫描数据信号处理器116可以执行调节,例如获取信号的一阶和二阶导数,和输出给数字转换器电路118。数字转换器电路118产生数字字119,表示数字扫描数据信号117中的第一和第二信号电平的持续时间。为了解码数字扫描数据信号和产生表示相应激光扫描的编码符号字符的符号字符数据串,解码处理器120使用解码表或最大似然解码器算法处理从数字转换器电路118产生的数字字119。成功解码的信号121输出到读出设备122,在一个示例中,读出设备122是扫描器外壳101上的显示窗。
光读取器100可包含实时条码元素宽度测量处理器(例如,编程微处理器)123。在编码的符号字符在系统内不同的焦平面(或区域)上被扫描的时候,元素宽度测量处理器123提供出现在数字扫描数据信号117中的第一和第二二进制信号电平的实时测量。然后,处理器123提供与存储在例如使用可擦可编程只读存储器(EPROM)或类似存储器结构124实现的光束点速度查找表中的预定持续时间测量的实时比较,以便确定对应激光束点速度,其对于在系统中特定焦平面上扫描的特定分辨率的编码符号字符产生这种测量的持续时间。通带滤波器控制信号发生器(例如编程微处理器)125可被用来基于确定的激光扫描光束(及时在每个特定时刻)的光束点速度产生可变通带控制信号,以及提供这种控制信号给前置放大电路114和在扫描数据信号处理器116中使用的一阶和二阶导数信号通带滤波器和放大器。
图2更详细地示出了依照本发明的一个实施例的扫描数据信号处理器116的功能方框图。信号处理器116被设计和配置用来更加准确地检测有效条码符号的边缘。信号处理器116包含一阶导数信号产生级126,一阶导数信号产生级126有作为输入的前置放大模拟扫描数据信号115。一阶导数输出信号127作为自动增益控制(AGC)和滤波器电路128的输入,其运转使不同的输入信号的峰值电平正规化到相同的基准幅度。根据诸如条/空白元素之间的对比度、条码到读取器的距离等此类因素,输入峰值电平变化。在一个实施例中,AGC电路128可以被实现为具有无论何种输入幅度而产生5伏峰值输出的三级运放的六极修正巴特沃斯电路。
来自AGC电路128的输出129分成三条路径,差别仅在于相移。在一个例子中,相移通过经由三个唯一的滤波级而传递输出129来实现,导致仅仅相位不同的三个同样信号。第一个时间延迟级130是典型的现有技术电路,并且输出主要相位或有基线传播延迟的标称波形。在一个示例中,第一个时间延迟级130提供大约0.004毫秒的传播延迟。第二时间延迟级131延迟AGC输出129少于来自第一次时间延迟级130的主要相位或标称延迟。因此,第二次时间延迟级131包含最短的延迟,并且可被表征为相对标称或主要相位信号的“早期相位级”。传播延迟可以被修整以适应特定的应用,但是在公开的实施例中,传播延迟大约比主要相位波形的延迟小0.002毫秒。第三时间延迟级132延迟AGC输出129多于来自第一时间延迟级130的主要相位或标称延迟。因此,第三时间延迟级132包含最长的延迟,并且可被表征为相对标称或主要相位信号的“延迟相位级”。在公开的实施例中,延迟相位波形135的传播延迟大约比主要相位波形的延迟大0.002毫秒。在一个示例中,每个时间延迟级130、131、132可通过单独的贝塞尔滤波器来实现,其对通过从扫描的编码符号字符散射的激光频率范围的带宽提供均匀传播延迟。实际延迟时间可能有些变化,依赖具体条码扫描器设计和应用。影响实际延迟时间的因素包含波形上升和下降的斜率,其是扫描角度(例如,视场);扫描频率;条码距离;条码元素宽度;以及系统(例如,光学设备、检测器,和电路)带宽的结果。
可以参考图2和图3更好地理解来自第一时间延迟级130、第二时间延迟级131、第三时间延迟级132的各个输出。有标称时间延迟的主要相位波形133在图3中被表示为实线。在示出的例子中,在非常短的持续时间内,大约0.08毫秒示出波形133。波形133表示响应于激光束104扫描跨过编码的符号字符112(图1)的来自光电检测器111的经滤波和放大的模拟信号输出的一阶导数。波形133的正向峰值指示在明和暗条/空白条码元素之间转换的增长率,并且负向谷值指示在明和暗条/空白条码元素之间转换的减小率。因此,波形的正向峰值可以表示条形元素的开始或上升边缘,并且负向谷值可以表示元素的结束或下降边缘。波形133呈现正弦曲线,由于可能是这种情况,当从扫描的编码符号字符112散射的激光的频率范围接近用于光读取器100的高频操作限制。在完美的扫描条件下,一阶导数波形将呈现为方形波。因此,实际上,主要相位波形133可呈现在正弦曲线和方波之间的频谱中的任意地方的形状。
还是参照图3,早期相位波形134由短虚线表示。早期相位波形134与主要相位波形133相同,除了第二时间延迟级131设置的传播延迟更短。相似的,延迟相位波形135由长虚线表示,并且与主要相位波形133相同,除了第三时间延迟级132设置的传播延迟更长。
参照图2-3,扫描数据信号处理器116可能另外包含峰值窗口检测级136,用来确定主要相位波形133的峰和谷幅度。峰值窗口检测级136生成峰值窗口137时间帧,在其期间边缘检测和其他解码功能可被执行。在峰值窗口137时间帧之外,信号最不可能表示条码边缘,因此光读取器100抑制边缘检测和其他解码功能,从而节省宝贵的处理功率。在一个实施例中,峰值窗口检测级136被实现为含有配置成检测到波形峰(或谷)的开始和结束的级联比较器的模拟电路。
当在任意给定时间段上主要相位波形133的幅度大于或等于早期相位波形134和延迟相位波形135二者的幅度时,峰值窗口137可以针对主要相位波形133“打开”。参考图3,在时间点138,峰值窗口没有满足“打开”的标准,因为主要相位波形133的幅度小于早期相位波形134的幅度。然而,在时间点139,峰值窗口打开,因为主要相位波形133的幅度等于早期相位波形134,并且大于延迟的相位波形135。在直到时间点140前的任意时间段,峰值窗口条件满足。在时间点140,主要相位波形133的幅度降低到低于延迟相位波形135的幅度,并且峰值窗口“关闭”。
当在任意给定时间段上主要相位波形133的幅度小于或等于早期相位波形134和延迟相位波形135二者的幅度时,峰值窗口137也针对主要相位波形133“打开”。同样参考图3,在时间点141,峰值窗口没有满足“打开”标准,因为主要相位波形133的幅度不小于或等于早期相位波形134的幅度。然而,在时间点142,峰值窗口打开因为主要相位波形133的幅度等于早期相位波形134的幅度和小于延迟相位波形135的幅度。在直到时间点143的任意时间段上,峰值窗口条件满足。在时间点143,主要相位波形133的幅度增长超过延迟相位波形135的幅度,并且峰值窗口“关闭”。
相应的,公开的步骤描述了一种在有大精确度的导数波形中精确地标识峰值(正向的或负向的)的方法,其可能是编码符号字符的上升或下降边缘的指示。描述的生成早期和延迟相位波形,接着将它们与主要相位波形比较以识别在主要相位波形中的峰值的步骤也可与原始模拟信号、放大/滤波的信号、或二阶导数信号一起使用。所属领域技术人员能选择适当的模拟电路,例如比较器,以实现用于其它波形的步骤。此外,在上文描述的方法和装置可以适于与数字电路一起使用而没有偏离本发明的范围。
在一个实施例中,扫描数据信号处理器116可以产生数字信号144,或当峰值窗口137的打开和关闭时触发。在一个示例中,如图3中示出的,数字信号144是单比特输出。114a图示的轨迹描述负向峰值窗口,当峰值窗口137关闭的时候其呈现逻辑低电平,并且当峰值窗口打开的时候其呈现逻辑高电平。当峰值窗口137关闭的时候信号144a重置到逻辑低电平。类似地,144b图示的轨迹描述正向峰值窗口,当峰值窗口137关闭的时候其呈现逻辑低电平,并且当峰值窗口打开的时候其呈现逻辑高电平。当峰值窗口137关闭的时候信号144b重置到逻辑低电平。
峰值窗口检测级136检测信号中每个单独的峰和谷,该信号包含噪声(虽然是很短的时间期间)。虽然检测级136限制边缘检测和其他解码功能执行的时间帧,依然可能有大量数据要处理,因为在每一个峰或谷产生的大量触发信号144。回来参考图2,扫描数据信号处理器116可以进一步包含包络检测级145,用来当波形峰或谷实际上是条码边缘,或仅仅是信号噪声时协助译解。包络检测级145创建时间帧或包络,主要相位波形133可以在其内被分析。与峰值窗口不同,峰值窗口隔离波形的峰或谷,包络窗口包含标准时间帧内的整个波形。在一个实施例中,标准时间帧是导数信号幅度超过阈值的时间段。通常,较高幅度的峰和谷指示实际的条码,而较低幅度可能指示反射噪声(specular noise)或电噪声。因此,阈值信号幅度可能被定义,在其以下触发信号144将被忽略。声明另一种方式,阈值信号幅度可以定义以振荡波形的标称或平均幅度为中心的频带。阈值信号幅度定义上下限,使得当波形的幅度超过上限或下限的时候包络窗口打开。在一个示例中,阈值信号幅度可能是预期峰值幅度值的一半。在另一个示例中,阈值信号幅度可能是略高于在特定种类光读取器中预期的计算的测量噪声。在依然另一个示例中,阈值确定是基于波形样本的柱状图分析。阈值在柱状图上高幅度样本分布和低幅度样本分布之间的最小值上拾取。
导数信号或主要相位波形133在与多种因素相关的频率上从峰振荡到谷,该因素例如激光器类型,条码与光学扫描器的距离。结果,每次幅度降低低于阈值时,峰值检测包络打开和关闭。发明人已经确定一旦峰值检测包络打开,意味着峰值窗口是打开的以及阈值标准已经被满足,如果波形振荡可以被最小化,因此峰值检测包络保持打开直到光读取器完全通过条码元素,触发器级153将会更好地执行。为了解决这个问题,发明人把波形平滑元件合并到包络检测级145。在一个示例中,波形平滑元件包含二极管和电容器布置。模拟主要相位波形133在一个方向上通过二极管,并且给电容器充电。来自电容器的电荷以预定的速率衰减,例如,比主要相位波形133振荡的频率慢很多,因此保持幅度足够长以满足主要相位波形中的下一个峰。以此方式,信号可以被用来触发峰值检测包络的开和关,正如下面将要解释的。峰值检测包络保持打开,即使实际信号133的幅度降低低于阈值,以及保持打开直到幅度下降大于衰减率的一段时间。
图4是综合图表146,依据本发明的一个实例说明上文描述的原理,其在大约9毫秒时间段上被观察。图表146包含用光读取器100(图1)从扫描的编码符号字符112生成的一阶导数早期相位波形134的图形表示。覆盖在波形134上的是从包络检测级145输出的正包络输入信号147和负包络输入信号148。信号147、148被用在确定是否包络窗口149应该被打开或关闭。正如以上在一个实施例中描述的,早期相位波形134穿过二极管和电容器,以用示出的方式保持它们各自的峰值。信号147、148分别与上峰阈值150和下峰阈值151比较。如果正包络输入信号147的幅度超过上阈值150,上包络窗口149a打开,正如实线所指示的。如果负包络输入信号148的幅度超过下阈值151,下包络窗口149b打开,正如虚线所指示的。在一个实施例中,产生1比特数字信号152,当包络窗口关闭的时候其呈现逻辑低电平,并且当包络窗口打开(例如,如果上包络窗口149a或下包络窗口149b打开)的时候其呈现逻辑高电平。
在当前发明的一个实施例中,当包络窗口数字信号152呈现逻辑高电平时,峰值窗口数字信号144被传递到下一级。否则,峰值窗口数字信号144被假定为报告噪声并被抑制。抑制不太可能是实际条码的数据节约解码处理功率和时间。通过图表,这个概念被示出在图4的底部上,其中当包络窗口149关闭的时候数字信号144呈现逻辑低电平。
回来参考图2,从峰值窗口检测级136输出的数字信号144,和从包络检测级145输出的包络数字信号152,可以作为边缘检测和模拟到数字(A/D)触发级153的输入。边缘检测信息可以从二阶导数级154获取,在一个示例中其处理一阶导数主要相位波形133以获得二阶导数波形(没有示出)。在二阶导数波形穿过虚零的时间点可能形成零交叉指示器155的基础,其指示条码条或空白的边缘。此外,二阶导数波形的强度或幅度可以被包含在传递给触发器级153的信号155中。在一个例子中强度信息可以以8比特数字信号被传递,并且可以充当可能性解码器的输入,其中更强的信号指示实际条码边缘的更大可能性。
两个输入144、152和零交叉指示器155可以一起形成触发信号156的输入或数字转换器电路118的锁存器。在本发明的一个实施例中,触发信号156只有在包络窗口149呈现逻辑高电平(例如,一阶导数信号的幅度在峰阈值之上)时激活。触发信号156促使数字扫描数据信号117被传递给数字转换器电路118,然而仅给传递的数据符合于峰值窗口144的时间帧内的数据。以此方式,只有一小部分导数信号被传递用于数字转换,并且这一小部分包含仅在波形峰值上的数据。
图5示出了依照本发明的一种实施例处理扫描数据的方法500。方法500包含步骤502,检测从扫描的编码符号字符112反射的激光的强度,并且产生对应扫描的编码符号字符结构的扫描数据信号113。步骤502可由参照图1描述的生成电模拟信号的光电检测器111实现。方法500进一步包含步骤504,前置放大从光电检测器111输出的信号。使用在光读取器中的典型光电检测器输出毫伏特范围的模拟信号,并且可利用放大步骤504来在将输出增加若干数量级。前置放大步骤504可由参照图1公开的前置放大电路114实现。
处理模拟扫描数据的方法500进一步包含获取扫描数据信号115的一阶导数的步骤506。导数信号的幅度(其表示信号的斜率)提供原始信号中转变的指示。一阶导数信号的正向峰可提供信号正从条码的较明亮区域转变到较黑暗区域的强指示,同时负向峰可提供信号正从条码的较黑暗区域转变到较明亮区域的最强指示。然而,由于以上阐述的因素,例如基底、环境或光噪声,不是所有一阶导数信号中的峰都代表条-空白的转变或空白-条的转变。出现在信号中的噪声可提供条-空白转变的错误指示。
方法500可进一步包含步骤508,给一阶导数信号提供增益和滤波器。在一个示例中,增益和滤波器由自动增益控制(AGC)和滤波器电路提供,例如参考元件128所公开的。方法500进一步包含将信号分离为同样的波形和将不同的相位延迟应用于选择的波形。在步骤510,短延迟被应用到原始波形来产生早期相位波形。在步骤512,较长时间延迟被应用到原始波形来产生主要相位(或基线)波形。早期相位波形的延迟少于主要相位波形的延迟。在步骤514,甚至更长时间的延迟被应用到原始波形来产生延迟的相位波形。延迟相位波形的延迟大于主要波形的延迟。
方法500进一步包含峰值比较器步骤516,其可通过峰值窗口检测级136实现,其中主要相位(或基线)波形的幅度与早期相位波形和延迟相位波形比较。如果主要相位波形的幅度大于或等于早期相位波形和延迟相位波形两者的幅度,如步骤516a所示,在步骤518正向峰值窗口打开。如果主要相位波形的幅度小于或等于早期相位波形和延迟相位波形两者的幅度,如步骤516b所示,负向峰值窗口在步骤520打开。如果两个条件都不能满足,在步骤522,峰值窗口关闭或保持关闭。
方法500也进一步包含阈值比较器步骤524,其可通过于此描述的包络检测级145实现,其中正包络输入信号147和负包络输入信号148的幅度与阈值比较,如果幅度大于上阈值150或小于下峰阈值151,包络窗口149在步骤526打开。包络窗口149可以通过利用二极管、电容器等操作波形来保持打开大于超过阈值的波形幅度的持续时间。如果阈值条件没有满足,在步骤528包络窗口关闭或保持关闭。
在本发明的一个实施例中,方法500包含步骤530,如果正向或负向峰值窗口是打开的,发送模拟信息到数字转换器用于解码。此外,在本发明的另一个实施例中,如果另外包络窗口是打开的,执行发送模拟信息到数字转换器用于解码的步骤530。如图5所示,如果正向峰值窗口或负向峰值窗口是打开的(分别如步骤518和520指示的),以及阈值包络窗口是打开的(如步骤526所示),则边缘检测窗口在步骤532打开并且在步骤536边缘检测触发信号被送到数字转换器电路。如果比较标准不满足,则在步骤534边缘检测窗口关闭或保持关闭。在一个示例中,比较器步骤530可通过此处描述的触发级153实现。
方法500也进一步包含步骤538,其中二阶导数级处理主要相位波形以获得二阶导数波形。来自二阶导数波形的数据例如零交叉,在步骤536也被传递到数字转换器用于随后的解码。
尽管已参照许多具体实施例描述了本发明时,应理解的是本发明的真正精神和范围应仅仅关于本说明书能够支持的权利要求来确定。进一步地,尽管在这里的许多情况中系统、设备和方法被描述为具有一定数量的元件,但是将理解的是这样的系统、设备和方法能以少于所述的一定数量的元件来实践。而且,尽管许多特定实施例已被描述,但是将理解的是已参照每个特定实施例描述的特征和方面可用在每个剩余的具体描述的实施例中。
在这里列出的装置和方法中,下面列出了:
A1.一种用于解码符号体系的编码的符号字符的光读取器,该光读取器包括:
激光源,用于沿光学路径生成激光束;
透镜组件,用于在聚焦平面上将激光束聚焦到编码的符号字符上;
扫描机构,用于在预定频率上振荡激光束以根据预先描述的扫描模式扫过编码的符号字符;
光电检测器,具有与从扫描的编码符号字符散射的激光束相应的检测的光强度作为输入,以及具有表示编码的符号字符的扫描数据信号编码信息作为输出;以及
具有输入和输出的扫描数据信号处理器,该扫描数据信号处理器包括适于从扫描数据信号中提供主要相位波形的第一时间延迟级,适于从扫描数据信号中提供早期相位波形的第二时间延迟级,该早期相位波形具有小于该主要相位波形的传播延迟,以及适于从扫描数据信号中提供延迟相位波形的第三时间延迟级,该延迟的相位波形具有大于主要相位波形的传播延迟,该扫描数据信号处理器进一步包括峰值窗口检测级,用于当主要相位波形的幅度大于或等于早期相位波形和延迟的相位波形的幅度二者时,生成峰值窗口时间帧;以及
数字转换器电路,适于在峰值窗口时间帧内接受扫描数据信号处理器输出。
A2.根据A1的光读取器,其中扫描数据信号处理器的输入是电模拟扫描数据信号,并且所述输出是数字扫描数据信号。
A3.根据A2的光读取器,其中模拟扫描数据信号被前置放大。
A4.根据A2的光读取器,其中模拟扫描数据信号是一阶导数输出信号。
A5.根据A1的光读取器,进一步包括定义标准时间帧的包络检测级,在该标准时间帧内,将该扫描数据信号处理器的输出传递给该数字转换器。
A6.根据A5的光读取器,其中该标准时间帧是波形的幅度超过阈值信号幅度的时间周期。
A7.根据A6的光读取器,其中阈值信号幅度近似为所期待的峰值幅度的值的一半。
A8.根据A6的光读取器,其中阈值信号幅度大于与光读取器的操作相关联的所期待的噪声的幅度。
A9.根据A1的光读取器,其中第一时间延迟级、第二时间延迟级和第三时间延迟级的至少一个是贝塞尔滤波器。
A10.根据A1的光读取器,其中早期相位波形传播延迟比主要相位波形传播延迟小近似0.002毫秒。
A11.根据A1的光读取器,其中延迟的相位波形传播延迟比主要相位波形传播延迟大近似0.002毫秒。
A12.根据A1的光读取器,进一步包括用于将零交叉指示器提供给数字转换器电路的二阶导数级。
A13.根据A1的光读取器,其中用数字电路实现扫描数据信号处理器。
B1.一种用于在光读取器中处理扫描数据的方法,包括步骤:
在外壳内提供用于沿光学路径生成激光束的激光源,用于将激光束聚焦到编码的符号字符上的透镜组件,用于检测与从扫描的编码符号字符散射的激光束相应的光强度并生成表示编码的符号字符的扫描数据信号编码信息的光电检测器;
从具有标称传播延迟的扫描数据信号中生成主要相位波形;
从具有小于主要相位波形的标称传播延迟的波形传播延迟的扫描数据信号中生成早期相位波形;
从具有大于主要相位波形的标称传播延迟的波形传播延迟的扫描数据信号中生成延迟的相位波形;
将主要相位波形的幅度与早期相位波形的幅度以及延迟的相位波形的幅度相比较;
如果主要相位波形的幅度大于、小于或等于早期相位波形和延迟的相位波形二者的幅度,生成峰值窗口时间帧;以及
在峰值窗口时间帧期间,尝试解码编码的符号字符。
B2.根据B1的方法,进一步包括步骤:
提供一阶导数信号生成级,用于从扫描数据信号中生成一阶导数输出信号,以及从一阶导数输出信号中生成主要相位波形、早期相位波形和延迟的相位波形。
B3.根据B1的方法,其中尝试解码扫描数据信号的步骤仅发生于峰值窗口时间帧期间。
B4.根据B1的方法,进一步包括步骤:
将主要相位波形的幅度与峰值阈值相比较,以及,如果幅度超过了峰值阈值,生成包络窗口时间帧。
B5.根据B4的方法,其中该峰值阈值是上限。
B6.根据B5的方法,进一步包括步骤:从主要相位波形的幅度中生成正包络输入信号,以及如果正包络输入信号的幅度超过了该上限峰值阈值,生成包络窗口时间帧。
B7.根据B4的方法,其中该峰值阈值是下限。
B8.根据B7的方法,进一步包括步骤:从主要相位波形的幅度中生成负包络输入信号,以及如果负包络输入信号的幅度小于上限峰值阈值,生成包络窗口时间帧。
B9.根据B4的方法,其中尝试解码扫描数据信号的步骤在峰值窗口时间帧和包络窗口时间帧期间发生。
Claims (15)
1.一种用于解码符号体系的编码的符号字符的光读取器,该光读取器包括:
激光源,用于沿光学路径生成激光束;
透镜组件,用于在聚焦平面上将激光束聚焦到编码的符号字符上;
扫描机构,用于在预定频率上振荡激光束以根据预先描述的扫描模式扫过编码的符号字符;
光电检测器,具有与从扫描的编码符号字符散射的激光束相应的检测的光强度作为输入,以及具有表示编码的符号字符的扫描数据信号编码信息作为输出;以及
具有输入和输出的扫描数据信号处理器,该扫描数据信号处理器包括适于从扫描数据信号中提供主要相位波形的第一时间延迟级,适于从扫描数据信号中提供早期相位波形的第二时间延迟级,该早期相位波形具有小于该主要相位波形的传播延迟,以及适于从扫描数据信号中提供延迟相位波形的第三时间延迟级,该延迟的相位波形具有大于主要相位波形的传播延迟,该扫描数据信号处理器进一步包括峰值窗口检测级,用于当主要相位波形的幅度大于或等于或小于或等于早期相位波形和延迟的相位波形的幅度二者时,生成峰值窗口时间帧;以及
数字转换器电路,适于在峰值窗口时间帧内接受扫描数据信号处理器输出。
2.根据权利要求1的光读取器,其中扫描数据信号处理器的输入是电模拟扫描数据信号,并且所述输出是数字扫描数据信号。
3.根据权利要求2的光读取器,其中模拟扫描数据信号是一阶导数输出信号。
4.根据权利要求1的光读取器,进一步包括定义标准时间帧的包络检测级,在该标准时间帧内,将该扫描数据信号处理器的输出传递给该数字转换器。
5.根据权利要求4的光读取器,其中该标准时间帧是波形的幅度超过阈值信号幅度的时间周期。
6.根据权利要求1的光读取器,其中早期相位波形传播延迟比主要相位波形传播延迟小0.002毫秒。
7.根据权利要求1的光读取器,其中延迟的相位波形传播延迟比主要相位波形传播延迟大0.002毫秒。
8.根据权利要求1的光读取器,进一步包括用于将零交叉指示器提供给数字转换器电路的二阶导数级。
9.一种用于在光读取器中处理扫描数据的方法,包括步骤:
在外壳内提供用于沿光学路径生成激光束的激光源,用于将激光束聚焦到编码的符号字符上的透镜组件,用于检测与从扫描的编码符号字符散射的激光束相应的光强度并生成表示编码的符号字符的扫描数据信号编码信息的光电检测器;
从具有标称传播延迟的扫描数据信号中生成主要相位波形;
从具有小于主要相位波形的标称传播延迟的波形传播延迟的扫描数据信号中生成早期相位波形;
从具有大于主要相位波形的标称传播延迟的波形传播延迟的扫描数据信号中生成延迟的相位波形;
将主要相位波形的幅度与早期相位波形的幅度以及延迟的相位波形的幅度相比较;
如果主要相位波形的幅度大于、小于或等于早期相位波形和延迟的相位波形二者的幅度,生成峰值窗口时间帧;以及
在峰值窗口时间帧期间,尝试解码编码的符号字符。
10.根据权利要求9的方法,进一步包括步骤:
提供一阶导数信号生成级,用于从扫描数据信号中生成一阶导数输出信号,以及从一阶导数输出信号中生成主要相位波形、早期相位波形和延迟的相位波形。
11.根据权利要求9的方法,其中尝试解码扫描数据信号的步骤仅发生于峰值窗口时间帧期间。
12.根据权利要求9的方法,进一步包括步骤:
将主要相位波形的幅度与峰值阈值相比较,以及,如果幅度超过了峰值阈值,生成包络窗口时间帧。
13.根据权利要求12的方法,其中该峰值阈值是上限。
14.根据权利要求13的方法,进一步包括步骤:从主要相位波形的幅度中生成正包络输入信号,以及如果正包络输入信号的幅度超过了该上限峰值阈值,生成包络窗口时间帧。
15.根据权利要求12的方法,其中该峰值阈值是下限。
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CN107092850A (zh) | 2017-08-25 |
CN107092850B (zh) | 2020-07-28 |
EP2455889A1 (en) | 2012-05-23 |
CN102622569A (zh) | 2012-08-01 |
US20120118974A1 (en) | 2012-05-17 |
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