CN1026057C - 用于受控加热的可使用微波的容器 - Google Patents

用于受控加热的可使用微波的容器 Download PDF

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CN1026057C
CN1026057C CN89107898A CN89107898A CN1026057C CN 1026057 C CN1026057 C CN 1026057C CN 89107898 A CN89107898 A CN 89107898A CN 89107898 A CN89107898 A CN 89107898A CN 1026057 C CN1026057 C CN 1026057C
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film
container
food
chamber
microwave
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CN1044394A (zh
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唐·格里芬
史蒂文·J·纳德尔
坦曾·L·范斯凯克
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Messer LLC
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24CDOMESTIC STOVES OR RANGES ; DETAILS OF DOMESTIC STOVES OR RANGES, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F24C7/00Stoves or ranges heated by electric energy
    • F24C7/02Stoves or ranges heated by electric energy using microwaves
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65DCONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D81/00Containers, packaging elements, or packages, for contents presenting particular transport or storage problems, or adapted to be used for non-packaging purposes after removal of contents
    • B65D81/34Containers, packaging elements, or packages, for contents presenting particular transport or storage problems, or adapted to be used for non-packaging purposes after removal of contents for packaging foodstuffs or other articles intended to be cooked or heated within the package
    • B65D81/3446Containers, packaging elements, or packages, for contents presenting particular transport or storage problems, or adapted to be used for non-packaging purposes after removal of contents for packaging foodstuffs or other articles intended to be cooked or heated within the package specially adapted to be heated by microwaves
    • B65D81/3453Rigid containers, e.g. trays, bottles, boxes, cups
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A47FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47JKITCHEN EQUIPMENT; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; APPARATUS FOR MAKING BEVERAGES
    • A47J36/00Parts, details or accessories of cooking-vessels
    • A47J36/02Selection of specific materials, e.g. heavy bottoms with copper inlay or with insulating inlay
    • A47J36/027Cooking- or baking-vessels specially adapted for use in microwave ovens; Accessories therefor
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65DCONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D2581/00Containers, packaging elements, or packages, for contents presenting particular transport or storage problems, or adapted to be used for non-packaging purposes after removal of contents
    • B65D2581/34Containers, packaging elements, or packages, for contents presenting particular transport or storage problems, or adapted to be used for non-packaging purposes after removal of contents for packaging foodstuffs or other articles intended to be cooked or heated within
    • B65D2581/3437Containers, packaging elements, or packages, for contents presenting particular transport or storage problems, or adapted to be used for non-packaging purposes after removal of contents for packaging foodstuffs or other articles intended to be cooked or heated within specially adapted to be heated by microwaves
    • B65D2581/3471Microwave reactive substances present in the packaging material
    • B65D2581/3474Titanium or compounds thereof
    • B65D2581/3475Titanium nitride
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65DCONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D2581/00Containers, packaging elements, or packages, for contents presenting particular transport or storage problems, or adapted to be used for non-packaging purposes after removal of contents
    • B65D2581/34Containers, packaging elements, or packages, for contents presenting particular transport or storage problems, or adapted to be used for non-packaging purposes after removal of contents for packaging foodstuffs or other articles intended to be cooked or heated within
    • B65D2581/3437Containers, packaging elements, or packages, for contents presenting particular transport or storage problems, or adapted to be used for non-packaging purposes after removal of contents for packaging foodstuffs or other articles intended to be cooked or heated within specially adapted to be heated by microwaves
    • B65D2581/3486Dielectric characteristics of microwave reactive packaging
    • B65D2581/3494Microwave susceptor
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10STECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S99/00Foods and beverages: apparatus
    • Y10S99/14Induction heating

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Cookers (AREA)
  • Constitution Of High-Frequency Heating (AREA)
  • Electric Ovens (AREA)
  • General Preparation And Processing Of Foods (AREA)
  • Package Specialized In Special Use (AREA)
  • Control Of High-Frequency Heating Circuits (AREA)
  • Surface Treatment Of Glass (AREA)
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Abstract

一种用于食品微波加热的容器,该容器包括一个基质并在该基质的至少一部分带有氮化钛膜。该基质上除涂有氮化钛膜的部位之外对于微波基本上是透明的。该膜是用于吸收微波能量,从而使该膜被加热并将热量传递给靠近该膜的食品。这种热传递导致将食品酥脆加热,如炸鸡、法国式炸食等等。

Description

本发明涉及可使用微波的容器,更具体讲是涉及使用具有反射及吸收性质控制元件的可使用微波的容器,应用于食品的酥脆加热。
非传导性材料,如纸、塑料和玻璃,对于微波是基本上透明的,因为它们对微波既不反射也不吸收。虽然当某些食品在微波炉中加热时可以应用这类“透明”材料制造的容器,但由于水蒸汽在这些食品表面的冷凝作用而使食品的表面粘湿。这对于要求酥脆的食品如炸鸡、法国式炸食、肉馅饼等是不合要求的。于是人们研制了金属化的聚酯薄膜作为感受材料(设计用于吸收微波能量的传导性材料薄膜),以利用传导和辐射作用加热靠近该金属化薄膜区域的食品。由于金属化区域的热容量很小,能迅速加热并将热量传递出去,将食品烤黄和酥脆。于是由这些感受材料帮助加热食品表面,防止水蒸汽冷凝和食品表面粘湿。
已知用作为此种感受材料的是在聚酯薄膜上覆一层铝,再将之层压粘结到纸或纸板上。但是,时间长了铝会氧化并失去其传导性,并且铝还继续吸收微波能量,于是有可能发生过热。控制淀积到聚酯上的金属量也是困难的。使用层压粘合方法也有问题,在加热时粘合剂会放出气体,产生气味和不良味道。
本发明的目的是制造在有机基质上能吸收和反射的微波感受膜,在正常微波加热时能保持其温度低于该有机基质的温度。
本发明的方案之一是一种用于食品微波加热的容器,其中包括一种基质和在该基质的至少一部分带有一层氮化钛薄膜。所述基质是基本上对微波透明的,而薄膜能吸收微波能量,于是这个膜被加热,将这些热量传递给邻近的食品。一种优选的基质是结晶聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯,其熔点约为198-218℃。在加上本发明的氮化钛膜之后,可将容器在常规微波炉(例如,入射功率约1600瓦,2450兆赫)中用于食品酥脆加热,同时不会发生盘子熔化。
图1是本发明一种方案的容器的透视图。
本发明的容器包括一种基质,该基质基本上对微波透明,并具有可测得的熔点或焦烧温度。例如由结晶聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(CPET)所制的基质其熔点或焦烧温度约为198-218℃,而纸板和塑料/纸复合基质一般耐热高达约205℃。这些塑料、纸和复合基质适用于作为本发明的基质,但CPET是特别优选的,因为其外观美观,适于直接拿上餐桌。但不言而喻的是,许多种具较高热稳定性的有机基质都是适用的。
如图1,用于微波加热食品的容器10包括基质12(如上所述),并且在12的至少一部分带有氮化钛膜14。如图示,基质12可以制成盘形,具有第一食品盛放腔16和第二食品盛放腔18。膜 14可以粘附到腔16的底部20,当把食品放在腔16之内时,膜14因吸收微波能量而加热,将热量传递给食品。
底20可以如图示是基本上平的,或可以制各种形状(例如瓦楞状),便于分离食品烹制时产生的液体,或为了美观等目的。若需要,膜14还可覆在食品盛放腔16的壁22上面(如图1所示)。
膜14是很薄的,优选在约75-400埃范围,最好是约100-200埃。如后文所详述,所选用的膜厚度可以显著不同,但具有相似的吸收或反射性质。
在选用的基质上淀积该氮化钛膜的方法最好是用磁控管溅涂法,将钛靶在含有至少一些氮气的气氛中进行溅射涂层。溅涂法是一种基质上形成一层材料的已知技术。反应性溅涂是在另一种成分的气体存在下将一种成分溅射涂上去。当要溅涂的物质是导电体时,使用直流电位。当要溅涂的物质是绝缘体时,最好采用射频电位,这样可以避免在该绝缘体表面积聚电荷,从而消除加速电位所带来的损耗。借助于将该等离子体流限制在邻近靶的区域,可以大大加快溅涂速率。这种限制使该等离子体流强化,并且增加气体原子-电子碰撞的机率,以及所形成的离子撞击阴极的机率。利用一个磁场,可将等离子体流限制在仅仅稍离开该阴极的区域。此类装置之一就是平面磁控管溅射阴极。
本发明所用氮化钛膜的化学计量比率可以变化。因此该膜可以用TiNx表示,其中x是在约0.8至约1.3之间。例如当钛靶是在完全是氮的气体中溅射时,x将大于1,通常约在1.1-1.3。当钛靶是在含氮量较少(例如含氮和一种惰性气体)的气体混合物中溅射时,x一般将小于1。例如,使用含70%(重量)氩和30%(重量)氮的混合气体时,x将为0.8左右。
本发明的薄膜的优选平面电阻率约为40-1000欧/平方,较好是约200-900欧/平方,最好(用于CPET基质)是约500-800欧/平方。表Ⅰ示出CEPT基质上不同厚度氮化钛膜的数据。
表Ⅰ中的最后温度是本发明的容器在1600瓦微波炉中以2450兆赫暴露6分钟后所测得温度,微波吸收率是在2450兆赫和0.1毫瓦入射功率时所测。从表Ⅰ的数据可以看到,在淀积过程中,改变膜厚度和气体组成而改变化学计量比率,得到的电阻率,吸收功率和最后温度都很相近。
由表Ⅱ所列数据表示平面电阻率、吸收功率、透射功率以及反射功率之间的关系,这些是从扁平玻璃板上的氮化钛膜所测得数据。
对于相同的膜化学计量比率而言,平面电阻率较低表示膜比较厚,而平面电阻率较高表示膜比较薄。从表Ⅱ的数据可知,对于不同的膜厚度可以达到相近的吸收率(由340和570欧/平方时的吸收率可以看到)。虽然表Ⅱ的数据是得自在玻璃平面上所涂的膜,但对本发明的基质也得到相似的结果和关系。
本发明的氮化钛膜具耐久性并提供快速而均匀的加热效果。表Ⅲ所示数据是薄膜受微波加热与时间的函数关系。测定所产生热量是应用红外温度记录法。
表Ⅲ
温度(℃)    时间(秒)
140    10
157    20
158    30
156    40
155    50
156    60
155    70
156    80
152    90
155    100
154    110
155    120
表Ⅲ的数据表明,这种膜可以在20秒内达到约150-160℃,并且基本上均匀地保持在该温度。表Ⅲ中所用基质是CPET盘。为了进行对比,将CPET盘涂覆不锈钢。用不锈钢涂覆的盘在加热2分钟后只升温到约85℃。
如果本发明的容器设计型式是有两个盛物腔并且其中一个食品盛放腔具有本发明的膜,另一个腔对于微波是基本上透明的,则在淀积该膜时应将那个透明腔遮蔽住。
在制造这种双腔容器时,一个腔用氮化钛溅涂,另一个腔是把一个共形的CPET件窝入该不涂覆的腔内,把它遮住。用这种遮蔽方法进行淀积是很均匀的,并且具有重现性。然后将本发明的容 器进行试验,办法是将之放在微波炉中的3毫米玻璃板上,以大功率加热45秒。在容器的靠近未涂覆盛物腔的那一个侧边尽量靠盘底的部位测量。表Ⅳ中的数据是45秒后的温度,膜的厚度和平面电阻率。在容器的上边沿有一些熔化迹象,在淀积时将容器上边沿遮蔽起来,可以避免这种轻微熔化现象。
表Ⅳ
温度(℃)    厚度(埃)    欧/平方
93    100    738
127    154    670
143    162    586
实例Ⅰ
在实例Ⅰ中具体描述优选方案的容器的制造过程。在CPET盘上淀积氮化钛所用的真空系统是一种Airco    Coating    Technology的G系列系统(G-6),是单端头式,有两个淀积区,每个有两平面式磁控管阴极。
这种单端头式系统具有机械泵抽空的进口和出口锁闭装置,可以抽空到50微米压力。接着是淀积区,这里用扩散泵抽空至1×10-6乇。在淀积时,向淀积区充入惰性或反应活性气体,使之达到1×10-3乇。将基质在该阴极之下前后往复运动。使之发生淀积,直至达到所要的膜厚度。应用Airco Coating Technology的HRC-3000型阴极能够均匀涂覆的最大基质尺寸为40×60英寸。
在一个涂覆区使用两个钛靶。Ti是在100%氮中溅射涂层,使用MKS气体流量控制系统将N2流量调节至888标准立方厘米/分钟,溅射压力为1.5×10-3乇。两个Ti阴极均以恒定功率操作,每个20千瓦。传送带速率为200英寸/分钟。在阴极之下走两个行程进行淀积涂层。每一次淀积操作加工载于2×3英尺玻璃载器上的5个盘。四角各放一个盘,中央放一个。将其中两个盘作为测试样品,并在盘内放一块显微镜用的载片玻璃。该载片玻璃是用于测量膜厚度和平面电阻率。
在盘上有两个食品盛放腔。其中一个腔准备放下需要酥脆烹制的食品(如各种蔬菜)。另一个食品盛放腔是瓦楞状的,并在瓦楞状底和周围壁上涂覆氮化钛膜。准备盛放蔬菜的那个腔要遮蔽起来,办法是把另一个CPET盘的蔬菜盛放腔“窝”入这一个腔之内。
从表Ⅴ的数据可以看到,在每次操作所涂覆容器都显示极优的平面电阻率均一性,并且各次操作互比也显示优良的重现性。
表Ⅴ
操作编号    容器    欧/平方
1    a    650
b    645
c    645
2    a    645
b    637
c    637
3    a    703
b    695
c    695
4    a    690
b    682
c    682
5    a    679
b    671
c    671
6    a    648
b    641
c    641
7    a    658
b    650
c    650
8    a    608
b    601
c    601
9    a    550
b    544
c    544
10    a    564
b    558
c    558
11    a    589
b    583
c    583
12    a    615
b    608
c    608
虽然本发明是参照具体实例加以说明,不言而 喻的是本技术领域的技术人员可在不背离本发明精神实质的条件下作出各种修改和变动。因此前面所揭示的内容仅为对本发明的阐明,而非限定。
表Ⅰ
溅涂时    平面电阻率    膜厚度    吸收功率    最后温度
气体组成    (欧/平方)    (埃)    百分率    (℃)
100%N2586 162 15 200
100%N2635 104 9 207
70%Ar/30%N2565 109 16 218
70%Ar/30%N2640 93 14 201
表Ⅱ
溅涂时    平面电阻率    吸收功率    透射功率    反射功率
气体组成    (欧/平方)    百分率    百分率    百分率
100%N2340 36 34 30
100%N2390 41 36 23
100%N2445 42 36 22
100%N2570 34 43 23
100%N2960 21 56 22
对照
基质
(未涂覆)    1    79    20

Claims (9)

1、一种用于微波加热食品的容器,其中包括:
(a)一种对于微波基本上透明的基质,并且该基质具有可调到的熔点或焦烧温度;其特征在于,该容器还包括:
(b)在该基质的至少一部分所涂覆的氮化钛膜,该膜是用于吸收微波能量,使该膜被加热并将热量传递给靠近该膜的食品。
2、按权利要求1的容器,其特征还在于,当该容器暴露于2450兆赫的高达约1600瓦微波能量时,在不超过约6分钟时间使其中的膜被加热到低于该基质的熔点或焦烧温度。
3、按权利要求1的容器,其特征中所述膜的平面电阻率为约40至约1000欧/平方。
4、按权利要求1的容器,其中所述基质是结晶聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯。
5、按权利要求1的容器,其特征中所述膜是实质上由TiNx所组成,其中的x在约0.8至约1.3之间。
6、按权利要求1的容器,其特征中所述膜的厚度在约75至约400埃之间。
7、一种可使用微波的容器,所述容器包括一个食品盛放腔的盘,其特征在于,该腔中涂覆有一层薄膜,该膜的平面电阻率为约200至约900欧/平方之间,并且该膜实质上由一种氮化钛所组成。
8、按权利要求7的容器,其中所述食品盛放腔是由结晶聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯所制成。
9、按权利要求7的容器,所述容器包括两个食品盛放腔,其特征中在第一个腔上涂覆有该种薄膜,用于向放在该处的食品传递热量,而第二个腔对于微波基本上是透明的。
CN89107898A 1989-01-24 1989-10-11 用于受控加热的可使用微波的容器 Expired - Fee Related CN1026057C (zh)

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EP0380306A3 (en) 1992-01-15
DE69023360T2 (de) 1996-07-11
AU595151B1 (en) 1990-03-22
ES2078938T3 (es) 1996-01-01
EP0380306B1 (en) 1995-11-08
NO893538D0 (no) 1989-09-04
JPH02203121A (ja) 1990-08-13
EP0380306A2 (en) 1990-08-01
DK0380306T3 (da) 1995-12-11
NO175582B (no) 1994-07-25
NO175582C (no) 1994-11-02
MX171517B (es) 1993-11-03
RU2018250C1 (ru) 1994-08-30
DK18490D0 (da) 1990-01-23
ZA896296B (en) 1990-05-30
CA1326792C (en) 1994-02-08
DE69023360D1 (de) 1995-12-14
CN1044394A (zh) 1990-08-08
ATE129979T1 (de) 1995-11-15
DK18490A (da) 1990-07-25
NO893538L (no) 1990-07-25
US4866235A (en) 1989-09-12
KR900011649A (ko) 1990-08-01

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