CN102596843A - 包含能够捕获甲醛的试剂的矿物纤维垫和制造方法 - Google Patents
包含能够捕获甲醛的试剂的矿物纤维垫和制造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN102596843A CN102596843A CN2010800345416A CN201080034541A CN102596843A CN 102596843 A CN102596843 A CN 102596843A CN 2010800345416 A CN2010800345416 A CN 2010800345416A CN 201080034541 A CN201080034541 A CN 201080034541A CN 102596843 A CN102596843 A CN 102596843A
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- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011487 hemp Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004128 high performance liquid chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000019447 hydroxyethyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- ZXEKIIBDNHEJCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N isobutanol Chemical compound CC(C)CO ZXEKIIBDNHEJCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004811 liquid chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 125000001624 naphthyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
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- 235000013824 polyphenols Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012286 potassium permanganate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000750 progressive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 206010037833 rales Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000005060 rubber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960001866 silicon dioxide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000004513 sizing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 229920000638 styrene acrylonitrile Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- 230000008719 thickening Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003258 trimethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:2])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[*:1] 0.000 description 1
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Images
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Abstract
本发明涉及包含能够捕获甲醛的试剂的矿物纤维垫,特别地在住所和办公室建筑物中以及在运输交通工具中。所述能够捕获甲醛的试剂选自包含一个或多个活性亚甲基的化合物、酰肼、单宁、酰胺、氨基酸和亚硫酸盐。本发明还涉及制备所述矿物纤维垫的方法。
Description
本发明涉及包含能够捕获甲醛的试剂的矿物纤维垫(mat de fibres minérales)和涉及可以制备它的方法。
在建造和装备住所和办公室以及运输交通工具的领域中使用非常不同的复合材料。这些材料中一些,如隔音和/或隔热体、木板、家具和装饰部件使用包含基于甲醛的树脂的粘合剂、油漆和清漆。甲醛在这些材料中的比例已经是非常低的。
然而,关于防止不希望的产品排放(如甲醛,其可具有对个人的健康的危险)的规章变得越来越严格并且要求进一步减少游离甲醛或者能够随着时间由材料散发的甲醛的量。
降低建筑物内部的甲醛含量的方法是已知的。
已经提出在油漆或者由石膏制成的材料(US-A-2005/0226761)、纸张或者织物材料、塑料或者木材(EP-A-1437397)中包含光催化二氧化钛的颗粒。
还已知在基于石膏或者基于水泥的建筑材料中使用酰肼(US-A-2004/0101695和JP-A-2004115340)。
还已知在木纤维板中使用二肼羰以捕获并分解甲醛和乙醛(EP1905560)。
本发明的目的是降低存在于建筑物(特别地住所)和运输交通工具内部的甲醛量。
为了实现这个目的,本发明提供了包含能够捕获甲醛的试剂的矿物纤维垫。
本发明的另一主题是可以制备所述矿物纤维垫的方法。
术语“能够与甲醛反应的化合物”理解为表示经由共价键与甲醛键合的有机化合物。
优选地,能够与甲醛反应的化合物选自:
1- 包含一个或多个活性亚甲基的化合物,优选地对应于以下式:
>
式
(I)
其中:
- R1和R2,是相同的或者不同的,表示氢原子、C1-C20,优选地C1-C6烷基、氨基或者下式的基团
其中R4表示
或
基团,其中R5=H或-CH3,
和p是1-6的整数,
- R3表示氢原子、C1-C10烷基、苯基或者卤素原子,
- a等于0或1,
- b等于0或1,
- n等于1或2。
优选的式(I)化合物是:
- 2,4-戊二酮:
R1=-CH3;R2=-CH3;R3=H;a=0;b=0;n=1
- 2,4-己二酮:
R1=-CH2-CH3;R2=-CH3;R3=H;a=0;b=0;n=1
- 3,5-庚二酮:
R1=-CH2-CH3;R2=-CH2-CH3;R3=H;a=0;b=0;n=1
- 2,4-辛二酮:
R1=-CH3;R2=-(CH2)3-CH3;R3=H;a=0;b=0;n=1
- 乙酰乙酰胺:
R1=-CH3;R2=-NH2;R3=H;a=0;b=0;n=1
-乙酰乙酸
R1=-CH3;R2=H;R3=H;a=0;b=1;n=1
- 乙酰乙酸甲酯:
R1=-CH3;R2=-CH3;R3=H;a=0;b=1;n=1
- 乙酰乙酸乙酯
R1=-CH3;R2=-CH2-CH3;R3=H;a=0;b=1;n=1
- 乙酰乙酸正丙酯:
R1=-CH3;R2=-(CH2)2-CH3;R3=H;a=0;b=1;n=1
- 乙酰乙酸异丙酯:
R1=-CH3;R2=-CH(CH3)2;R3=H;a=0;b=1;n=1
- 乙酰乙酸异丁酯:
R1=-CH3;R2=-CH2-CH(CH3)2;R3=H;a=0;b=1;n=1
- 乙酰乙酸叔丁酯
R1=-CH3;R2=-C(CH3)3;R3=H;a=0;b=1;n=1
- 乙酰乙酸正己酯:
R1=-CH3;R2=-(CH2)5-CH3;R3=H;a=0;b=1;n=1
- 丙二酰胺:
R1=-NH2;R2=-NH2;R3=H;a=0;b=0;n=1
- 丙二酸:
R1=H;R2=H;R3=H;a=1;b=1;n=1
- 丙二酸二甲酯:
R1=-CH3;R2=-CH3;R3=H;a=1;b=1;n=1
- 丙二酸二乙酯:
R1=-CH2-CH3;R2=-CH2-CH3;R3=H;a=1;b=1;n=1
- 丙二酸二(正丙基)酯:
R1=-(CH2)2-CH3;R2=-(CH2)2-CH3;R3=H;a=1;b=1;n=1
- 丙二酸二异丙酯:
R1=-CH(CH3)2;R2=-CH(CH3)2;R3=H;a=1;b=1;n=1
- 丙二酸二(正丁基)酯:
R1=-(CH2)3-CH3;R2=-(CH2)3-CH3;R3=H;a=1;b=1;n=1
- 丙酮二甲酸:
R1=H;R2=H;R3=H;a=1;b=1;n=2
- 丙酮二甲酸二甲酯:
R1=-CH3;R2=-CH3;R3=H;a=1;b=1;n=2
- 1,4-丁二醇二乙酸酯:
R1=-CH3;R2=-(CH2)4-O-CO-CH2-CO-CH3;R3=H;a=0;b=1;n=1
- 1,6-己二醇二乙酸酯:
R1=-CH3;R2=-(CH2)6-O-CO-CH2-CO-CH3;R3=H;a=0;b=1;n=1
- 乙酰乙酸甲基丙烯酰氧乙酯:
R1=-CH3;R2=-(CH2)2-O-CO-C(CH3)=CH2;R3=H;a=0;b=1;n=1。
式
(II)
其中:
- R6表示氰基或者
其中:
- R8表示氢原子、C1-C20,优选地C1-C6烷基或者氨基
- c等于0或者1
- R7表示氢原子、C1-C10烷基、苯基或者卤素原子,
优选的式(II)化合物是:
- 2-氰基乙酸甲酯:
R6=-CO-O-CH3;R7=H
- 2-氰基乙酸乙酯:
R6=-CO-O-CH2-CH3;R7=H
- 2-氰基乙酸正丙酯:
R6=-CO-O-(CH2)2-CH3;R7=H
- 2-氰基乙酸异丙酯:
R6=-CO-O-CH(CH3)2;R7=H
- 2-氰基乙酸正丁酯:
R6=-CO-O-(CH2)3CH3;R7=H
- 2-氰基乙酸异丁酯:
R6=-CO-O-CH2-CH(CH3)2;R7=H
- 2-氰基乙酸叔丁酯:
R6=-CO-O-C(CH3)3;R7=H
- 2-氰基乙酰胺:
R6=-CO-NH2;R5=H
- 丙二腈:
R6=-C≡N;R5=H。
式
(III)
其中:
- R9表示-CN或-CO-CH3基团
- q是1-4的整数。
优选的式(III)化合物是:
- 三羟甲基丙烷三乙酰乙酸酯:
R9=-CO-CH3;q=1
- 三羟甲基丙烷三氰基乙酸酯:
R9=-C≡N;q=1。
式
(IV)
其中:
- A表示-(CH2)3-或-C(CH3)2-基团
- r等于0或1。
优选的式(IV)化合物是:
- 1,3-环己烷二酮:
A=-(CH2)3;r=0
- 麦德鲁姆酸(acide de Meldrum):
A=-C(CH3)2-;r=1。
2- 酰肼,例如:
a)式R1CONHNH2的单酰肼,其中R1表示烷基,例如甲基、乙基、正-丙基、异丙基、正丁基、仲丁基或者叔丁基,或者芳基,例如苯基、联苯基或者萘基,理解的是所述烷基或者芳基的氢原子可以被羟基或者卤素原子代替和所述芳基可以被烷基,例如甲基、乙基或者正-丙基取代,
b)式H2NHN-X-NHNH2的二酰肼,其中X表示-CO-或者-CO-Y-CO基团,和Y是亚烷基,例如亚甲基、亚乙基或者三亚甲基,或者亚芳基,例如亚苯基、亚联苯基或者亚萘基,理解的是所述亚烷基或者亚芳基的氢原子可以被羟基或者卤素原子代替,和所述芳基可以被烷基,例如甲基、乙基或者正丙基取代。举例来说,可以提到草酸二酰肼、丙二酸二酰肼、琥珀酸二酰肼、己二酸二酰肼、癸二酸二酰肼、马来酸二酰肼、富马酸二酰肼、二甘醇酸二酰肼、酒石酸二酰肼、苹果酸二酰肼、间苯二酸二酰肼、对苯二酸二酰肼和碳酰肼,
c)聚酰肼,如三酰肼,特别地柠檬酸三酰肼、苯均四酸三酰肼、1,2,4-苯三酰肼、次氮基乙酸三酰肼(acidenitriloacétique)和环己烷三甲酸三酰肼,四酰肼,特别地乙二胺四乙酸四酰肼或者1,4,5,8-萘甲酸四酰肼,和由包含可聚合基团的酰肼单体形成的聚酰肼,例如聚(丙烯酸酰肼)或者聚(甲基丙烯酸酰肼)。
3- 单宁,特别地缩合单宁,如含羞草、白坚木、松木、山核桃坚果、铁杉木和漆树的单宁。
4- 酰胺,例如脲、1,3-二甲基脲、亚乙基脲和它的衍生物、如N-羟基亚乙基脲、N-氨基乙基亚乙基脲、N-(3-烯丙氧基-2-羟基丙基)氨基乙基亚乙基脲、N-乙酰氧基乙基亚乙基脲、N-甲基丙烯酰氧基乙基亚乙基脲、N-丙烯酰氨基乙基亚乙基脲、N-甲基丙烯酰氨基乙基亚乙基脲、N-甲基丙烯酰氧基乙酰氧基亚乙基脲、N-甲基丙烯酰氧基乙酰氨基乙基亚乙基脲和N-二(3-烯丙氧基-2-羟丙基)氨基乙基亚乙基脲、联二脲(biurée)、缩二脲、二缩三脲、丙烯酰胺、甲基丙烯酰胺、聚丙烯酰胺和聚甲基丙烯酰胺。
5- 氨基酸,特别地甘氨酸。
6- 亚硫酸盐,例如亚硫酸氢铵、钾或钠,和碱金属(特别地钠)或碱土金属的偏亚硫酸氢盐。
能够捕获甲醛的试剂的使用量可以在很大范围内改变,例如为0.1-500g/m2垫,优选0.5-100g/m2垫,有利地1-50g/m2垫。
必要时,能够捕获甲醛的试剂可与至少一种吸附挥发性有机化合物(特别地芳族化合物,如二甲苯、苯和甲苯)的多孔材料组合进行使用。
这种多孔材料以具有10nm-100μm,优选地500nm-50μm,有利地1-10μm的尺寸的颗粒形式进行提供。优选地,颗粒具有1-5000m2/g,有利地5-2000m2/g,特别地大于100m2/g的比表面积和1-50nm,优选地1-20nm的平均孔径。
该多孔材料可以是:
- 热解或非热解的,沉淀或非沉积的和微孔性或中孔性的二氧化硅,其可以包含氧化物、氢氧化物、水合物或多金属氧酸盐的金属络合物的纳米颗粒,
- 炭黑,其可以包含氧化物、氢氧化物、水合物或多金属氧酸盐的金属络合物的纳米颗粒,
- 活性氧化铝和高锰酸钾,
- 天然或合成的沸石,
- 聚合物,例如聚酰胺。
根据本发明的垫基于矿物纤维并且可以任选地包含由有机材料(例如烯烃,如聚乙烯和聚丙烯,或聚对苯二酸亚烷基酯,如聚对苯二酸亚乙基酯)组成的纤维。
术语“纤维”理解为表示长丝和由多个长丝粘合一起(特别地通过胶料)组成的纱和这种纱的集合体。
构成上述纤维的矿物材料优选地是玻璃或岩石,特别地玄武岩。
因此,根据第一实施方案,矿物纤维垫由不连续矿物长丝组成,该长丝具有可以达到150mm,优选地20-100mm,有利地50-70mm的长度和具有可以在宽范围内变化(例如5-30μm)的直径。
根据第二实施方案,矿物纤维垫由矿物纱组成。
矿物纱可以是由多个矿物长丝(基础纱)组成的纱或呈粗纱(英文为“rovings”)形式的这些基础纱的组合体,由被亲密混合的矿物长丝和上述有机材料的长丝组成的“混合(comêlés)”纱,或包含至少一种由多个矿物长丝组成的纱和至少一种由多个上述有机热塑性材料的长丝组成的纱的混合纱。
上述的纱可以是非捻纱(fils sans torsion)或加捻纱(或纺织纱),优选地非捻纱。
矿物纱,特别地玻璃纱,通常被切成可以最高为100mm,优选地6-30mm,有利地8-20mm,更好地10-18mm的长度。
构成纱的玻璃长丝的直径可以在很大程度上改变,例如5-30μm。同样地,纱的线密度可以广泛地变化,其可以为34-1500特。
参与该长丝的构造的玻璃可以是任何类型,例如E、C、R、AR(耐碱的)。E玻璃是优选的。
根据任一个实施方案的矿物纤维垫具有为10-1100g/m2,优选地20-300g/m2的单位面积质量。
矿物纤维垫通常包含使所述纤维粘合并且为该垫赋予适于希望用途的机械性质(特别地,足以能容易地进行处理的硬度)的粘合剂。
粘合剂通常包含至少一种能够粘合矿物纤维的聚合物。这种聚合物可以是热塑性聚合物,例如苯乙烯-丙烯腈、丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯、纤维素(三)乙酸酯、膨胀型聚苯乙烯,聚烯烃,如聚乙烯和聚丙烯,聚(甲基)丙烯酸酯,聚乙酸乙烯酯或聚甲醛;热固性聚合物,例如不饱和聚酯、环氧化物,酚醛树脂,如酚醛清漆或可熔酚醛树脂,其特别地具有低于0.05%的游离醛(一种或多种)比率,聚酰亚胺,聚氨酯,酚醛塑料或生物聚合物,例如多糖或蛋白;弹性聚合物,例如含氟聚合物,特别地基于偏氟乙烯的含氟聚合物,氯丁橡胶,聚丙烯酸,聚丁二烯,聚醚酰胺,硅酮,天然的或苯乙烯-丁二烯(SBR)橡胶,或生物聚合物,例如多糖或蛋白。
粘合剂通常按重量计占该矿物纤维垫的1-1000%,优选地5-350%,有利地10-100%。
制备矿物纤维垫和矿物纱垫的方法构成本发明的其它主题。
图1是可以根据"干途径"操作法制备矿物长丝垫的传统设备的示意图。
存在于炉(2)中的熔融矿物材料(1)被引导向一组多个拉丝模(3a-d),从该拉丝模所述长丝(4)靠重力流出并且由气态流体拉制。将长丝(4)收集于在由箭头指出的方向上移动的传送带(5)上,在那里它们进行缠绕或形成垫(6)。
使用通过喷雾进行操作的装置(8)将粘合剂(7)施加于垫(6),然后垫进入热风干燥装置(9),调整其温度以便除去水并且任选地交联该粘合剂。
可以使用其它干燥装置,例如通过红外辐射进行操作或包含一个或多个加热辊的装置。
在干燥装置(9)的出口,以卷绕(10)形式收集垫(6)。
根据本发明,在这种传统装置中加入使用能够捕获甲醛的试剂的处理步骤。
根据第一实施方案,将能够捕获甲醛的试剂引入到粘合剂(7)中。因为这种实施方案不需要任何用于施用能够捕获甲醛的试剂的附加装置(这从经济的观点看是有利的),其是优选的。
根据第二实施方案,在将粘合剂(7)沉积在垫(6)上之后并且在该垫进入干燥装置(9)之前施用能够捕获甲醛的试剂。
所述试剂可以通过任何已知的方法,优选地使用通过喷雾进行操作的装置进行施用。
例如,这种装置可以由多个用能够捕获甲醛的试剂的水溶液进料的喷嘴组成,该喷嘴产生在紧接与垫(6)的上表面接触之前互相贯通的分支流。
在收集该呈卷绕形式的垫(10)后的步骤中还可以通过吸收来施用能够捕获甲醛的试剂,例如通过使该垫经过包含所述试剂的浴中。然而,这种操作方法是比前述方法更昂贵的,因为它需要展开该垫的附加步骤和用于施加呈水溶液形式的能够俘获甲醛的试剂和用于除去水的特定手段。
图2是可以根据“湿途径”操作法制备矿物纤维垫的传统设备的示意图。
切断的矿物纱在水中的分散体(11)借助于成形头(12)被沉积在提供有孔眼的传送带(13)上。一经与传送带(13)接触,分散体(11)中包含的水通过吸气箱(14)被提取。在传送带上,切断的矿物纱形成垫(15),粘合剂(16)借助于喷雾装置(17)被沉积在垫上。垫(15)随后进入热风干燥装置(18)中,调节其温度以便除去残余水并且任选地获得粘合剂的交联。
如在“干途径”操作法中一样,干燥装置(18)可以用通过红外辐射操作的或包含一个或多个加热辊的装置替代。
垫(15)随后以卷绕(19)形式进行收集。
必要时,该垫可以用在该垫的前进的方向上设置的并且在该垫的全部或部分宽度上分布的连续丝(20)进行增强。这些纤维(20)通常在施用粘合剂(16)之前被沉积在垫(15)上。
纤维(20)可以是合成或天然纤维。
作为合成纤维的实例,可以提到无机纤维,特别地玻璃或岩石(如玄武岩)纤维,和有机纤维,特别地聚酰胺纤维、聚酯纤维或聚烯烃纤维(如聚乙烯和聚丙烯)。玻璃是优选的。
作为天然纤维的实例,可以提到植物纤维,特别地棉花、椰子、剑麻、大麻或亚麻纤维,和动物纤维,特别地丝或羊毛。
根据本发明,在这种传统装置中加入使用能够俘获甲醛的试剂的处理步骤。
处理步骤可以在已经用于“干途径”操作法的条件下进行,即通过在粘合剂(16)中引入能够捕获甲醛的试剂,通过在粘合剂已经沉积在垫(15)上之后并且在该垫进入干燥装置(18)之前施用试剂,还或在以卷绕(19)的形式收集该垫之后的步骤中通过吸收。
虽然本发明关于甲醛进行了描述,很可能的是,上述能够捕获这种化合物的试剂还能够捕获乙醛。
根据本发明的矿物纤维垫可被用于许多应用中,例如作为可以施用于墙壁和/或天花板的覆盖层(上漆或不上漆)、可用于石膏板或水泥板的表面或接头覆盖层、用于隔热和/或隔声产品的表面覆盖层,如更特别地用于屋顶隔离的矿棉或泡沫,或用于制备地板覆盖层,如机织割绒地毯或乙烯基材料。
以下实施例可以举例说明本发明然而不限制本发明。
实施例
1
和
2
a)制备玻璃垫
制备两升包含250g羟乙基纤维素(增稠剂;以商标Natrosol® 250 HHR由Hercules销售)和0.3g乙氧基化十八烷基胺-十八烷基胍络合物(表面活性剂;以商标Aerosol® C-61由Cytec销售;固体含量:70%)的水溶液。
将2.54g切断(长度8mm)的E玻璃纱(...特;长丝直径:13μm)加入到上述溶液中。
获得的玻璃纱的悬浮液用于可以制备垫的装置中。该装置包括筛(在其上方装有对液体密闭的箱)和位于该筛下方的吸气箱。
将该悬浮液沉积在密封箱中并且通过强烈搅拌进行均匀化,然后启动该吸气箱以便除去水。在筛上回收具有等于28.2g/m2的单位表面积质量的30cm×30cm尺寸的玻璃纤维垫。
将该垫浸入在包含丙烯酸树脂(Acrodur® 950L,由BASF销售)的粘合剂和能够捕获甲醛的试剂(即乙酰乙酰胺(实施例1)或己二酸二酰肼(实施例2))的水溶液中1分钟。
在该垫中的过量粘合剂通过吸入被除去然后在210℃加热该垫1分钟以便固结它。
最后,该垫包含5g/m2丙烯酸树脂和2.5g/m2能够捕获甲醛的试剂。它显示出优良的尺寸稳定性和优良的机械强度。
b)捕获甲醛的能力
将该垫的样品放置于在根据标准ISO 16000-9的装置中,改变在于,该特定的换气流速等于1.48m3/(m2.h)和载重率(taux de charge)等于0.27m2/m3。
1- 在第一步中,该装置的试验腔室用包含大约50μg/m3甲醛的连续空气流进料7天。在7天时间内测量在进入和离开该腔室的空气中的甲醛量并且计算每单位体积空气的甲醛量的降低。
甲醛通过液相色谱(HPLC)在标准ISO 16000-3的条件下进行测量。
使用包含能够捕获甲醛的试剂的垫(实施例1和2)获得的甲醛量的降低显示在表1中,其与不包含能够捕获甲醛的试剂的在部分a)中描述的条件下制备的垫(参考)进行比较。
表1
。
2- 在第二步骤中,腔室用不包含甲醛的空气进料该腔室7天并且测量存在于在腔室出口处的空气中的甲醛量。
甲醛在与在部分1中相同的条件下进行测量。
由根据实施例1和2的垫散发的甲醛量相当于当该腔室不包含任何垫时测量的甲醛量。由此可以做出结论,该甲醛与能够捕获甲醛的试剂强烈并持久地结合。
Claims (24)
1.矿物纤维垫,尤其玻璃纤维垫或岩石纤维垫,特征在于它包含能捕获甲醛的试剂。
2.根据权利要求1的垫,特征在于所述能够捕获甲醛的试剂选自包含一个或多个活性亚甲基的化合物、酰肼、单宁、酰胺、氨基酸和亚硫酸盐。
3.根据权利要求2的垫,特征在于所述包含一个或多个活性亚甲基的化合物对应于以下式(I)至(IV)之一:
式
(I)
其中:
- R1和R2,是相同的或者不同的,表示氢原子、C1-C20,优选地C1-C6烷基、氨基或者下式的基团
其中R4表示
或
和p是1-6的整数,
- R3表示氢原子、C1-C10烷基、苯基或者卤素原子,
- a等于0或1,
- b等于0或1,
- n等于1或2;
式
(II)
其中:
- R6表示氰基或者
基团
其中:
- R8表示氢原子、C1-C20,优选地C1-C6烷基或者氨基
- c等于0或者1
- R7表示氢原子、C1-C10烷基、苯基或者卤素原子,
式
(III)
其中:
- R9表示-CN或-CO-CH3基团
- q是1-4的整数;
式
(IV)
其中:
- A表示-(CH2)3-或-C(CH3)2-基团
- r等于0或1。
4.根据权利要求3的垫,特征在于式(I)化合物是2,4-戊二酮、2,4-己二酮、3,5-庚二酮、2,4-辛二酮、乙酰乙酰胺、乙酰乙酸、乙酰乙酸甲酯、乙酰乙酸乙酯、乙酰乙酸正丙酯、乙酰乙酸异丙酯、乙酰乙酸异丁酯、乙酰乙酸叔丁酯、乙酰乙酸正己酯、丙二酰胺、丙二酸、丙二酸二甲酯、丙二酸二乙酯、丙二酸二(正丙基)酯、丙二酸二异丙酯、丙二酸二(正丁基)酯、丙酮二甲酸、丙酮二甲酸二甲酯。
5.根据权利要求3的垫,特征在于式(II)化合物是2-氰基乙酸甲酯、2-氰基乙酸乙酯、2-氰基乙酸正丙酯、2-氰基乙酸异丙酯、2-氰基乙酸正丁酯、2-氰基乙酸异丁酯、2-氰基乙酸叔丁酯、2-氰基乙酰胺、丙二腈。
6.根据权利要求3的垫,特征在于式(III)化合物是三羟甲基丙烷三乙酰乙酸酯和三羟甲基丙烷三氰基乙酸酯。
7.根据权利要求3的垫,特征在于式(IV)化合物是1,3-环己烷二酮、麦德鲁姆酸。
8.根据权利要求2的垫,特征在于酰肼选自:
a) 式R1CONHNH2的单酰肼,其中R1表示烷基或者芳基,所述烷基或者芳基的氢原子可以被羟基或者卤素原子代替和所述芳基可以被烷基取代,
b) 式H2NHN-X-NHNH2的二酰肼,其中X表示-CO-或者-CO-Y-CO基团,和Y是亚烷基或者亚芳基,所述亚烷基或者亚芳基的氢原子可以被羟基或者卤素原子代替,和所述芳基可以被烷基取代,
c) 聚酰肼,如三酰肼,四酰肼,和由包含可聚合基团的酰肼单体形成的聚酰肼。
9.根据权利要求8的垫,特征在于所述酰肼为草酸二酰肼、丙二酸二酰肼、琥珀酸二酰肼、己二酸二酰肼、癸二酸二酰肼、马来酸二酰肼、富马酸二酰肼、二甘醇酸二酰肼、酒石酸二酰肼、苹果酸二酰肼、间苯二酸二酰肼、对苯二酸二酰肼、碳酰肼、柠檬酸三酰肼、苯均四酸三酰肼、1,2,4-苯三酰肼、次氮基乙酸三酰肼、环己烷三甲酸三酰肼、乙二胺四乙酸四酰肼、1,4,5,8-萘甲酸四酰肼、聚(丙烯酸酰肼)或者聚(甲基丙烯酸酰肼)。
10.根据权利要求2的垫,特征在于所述单宁是含羞草、白坚木、松木、山核桃坚果、铁杉木和漆树的单宁。
11.根据权利要求2的垫,特征在于所述酰胺为脲、1,3-二甲基脲、亚乙基脲和它的衍生物、联二脲、缩二脲、二缩三脲、丙烯酰胺、甲基丙烯酰胺、聚丙烯酰胺和聚甲基丙烯酰胺。
12.根据权利要求1-11之一的垫,特征在于所述能够俘获甲醛的化合物的含量为0.1-500g/m2,优选0.5-100g/m2,有利地1-50g/m2。
13.根据权利要求1-11之一的垫,特征在于该垫基于矿物长丝或矿物纱,并且任选地基于由热塑性有机材料组成的纤维。
14.根据权利要求13的垫,特征在于所述矿物纱可以是由多个矿物长丝(或基础纱)组成的纱或呈粗纱形式的这些基础纱的组合体,由被亲密混合的矿物长丝和有机材料的长丝组成的“混合”纱,或包含至少一种由多个矿物长丝组成的纱和至少一种由多个热塑性有机材料的长丝组成的纱的混合纱。
15.根据权利要求13或14的垫,特征在于所述长丝或纱由玻璃制成,优选由E玻璃制成。
16.根据权利要求1-15之一的垫,特征在于该垫具有为10-1100g/m2,优选20-300g/m2的单位面积质量。
17.用于制备如在权利要求1-16之一所述的垫的方法,其中由熔融矿物材料(1)形成长丝(4),所述长丝以垫(6)的形式进行收获,将粘合剂(7)施用于所述垫上,使所述垫经过干燥装置(9)中并且收集它,特征在于它包括使用能够捕获甲醛的试剂的处理步骤。
18.根据权利要求17的方法,特征在于该处理在于将所述试剂引入到粘合剂(7)中。
19.根据权利要求17所述的方法,特征在于该处理在于在将粘合剂(7)沉积在垫上之后并且在该垫进入干燥装置(9)之前施用所述试剂。
20.根据权利要求19的方法,特征在于通过喷雾所述试剂的水溶液来进行所述施用。
21.用于制备如在权利要求1-16之一所述的垫的方法,其中切断的矿物纱在水中的分散体(11)借助于成形头(12)被沉积在提供有孔眼的传送带(13)上,水通过吸气箱(14)进行提取,所述纱以垫(15)的形式进行收获,将粘合剂(16)施用于所述垫上,使所述垫经过干燥装置(18)中并收集它,特征在于它包括使用能够捕获甲醛的试剂的处理步骤。
22.根据权利要求21所述的方法,特征在于该处理在于将所述试剂引入到粘合剂(16)中。
23.根据权利要求21所述的方法,特征在于该处理在于在将粘合剂(16)沉积在该垫上之后并且在该垫进入干燥装置(18)之前施用所述试剂。
24.根据权利要求23所述的方法,特征在于通过喷雾所述试剂的水溶液进行所述施用。
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US20120132851A1 (en) | 2012-05-31 |
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ZA201108874B (en) | 2012-08-29 |
MY165911A (en) | 2018-05-18 |
IL216622A (en) | 2017-02-28 |
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