CN102590794A - Broadband coherent radar target simulator - Google Patents
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Abstract
A broadband coherent radar target simulator is composed of a receiving end, a transmitting end, a power divider, a lower mixer, an upper mixer, an instantaneous measurement receiver, a DSP processor, an interference modulator, a PC, a target echo delay compensation, a frequency modulation step frequency local oscillator and a high resolution radar signal simulation module. A shipborne radar transmits an X-wave band frequency modulation step frequency signal, a radar simulator receives the signal via a horn antenna, and the frequency modulation step frequency local oscillator generates a local oscillator signal; an intermediate frequency signal is generated after the dechirp processing of the lower mixer and is divided into two signals by the power divider, with one signal sent to the instantaneous measurement receiver to complete the measurements of radar carrier frequency signal, radar pulse repetition period, pulse width and pulse amplitude parameter, and with the other one sent to the high resolution radar signal simulation module to complete the simulation of a high resolution one dimensional object range image; the target echo delay compensation is used to solve the increase RMS attenuation problem of a dechirp time delay, and the compensated intermediate frequency signal is sent to the interference modulator. The broadband coherent radar target simulator of the invention is scientific in conception, less in use device number and low in cost.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of broadband coherent radar target simulator (abbreviation radar simulator), belong to wideband radar echo signal simulation calibration technology field, it is repaired in back or the development process at high-resolution radar and accomplishes radar parameter verification and performance test.
Background technology
Has instantaneous ultra bandwidth radar; Advantages such as strong, outstanding target detection of range resolution, the antijamming capability of Yin Qigao and recognition capability; Receive the generally attention of countries in the world, like the ground imaging radar (GBR) that the U.S. disposes, its centre frequency is at x wave band, instant bandwidth 1GHz; Detectable distance is 4000Km, and range resolution is 15cm; (Wen Shuliang, Yuan rise the active shipborne radar APAR of x wave band of Germany, Canada, Dutch joint research and development etc., Qin Zhongyu.The design criteria of wideband phased array radar and developing direction [J]. systems engineering and electronic technology, 2010,27 (6): 1007-1008).ULTRA-WIDEBAND RADAR has great strategic importance in space monitoring, missile defence and aspect such as anti-stealthy.The domestic ULTRA-WIDEBAND RADAR research work of carrying out is later relatively; But obtained certain achievement in research; Yet it is costly to the radar system Performance Evaluation in the development of ULTRA-WIDEBAND RADAR system and debug process through field trial; Be difficult to comprehensive instrumentation radar performance parameter (Zhang Yanqing, the Qu Honggang of system under various complex environments.The design of hardware and software of certain radar simulator [J]. the fire control radar technology; 2004,33 (4): 61-62), so people such as Liu Yi have developed a kind of wideband radar echoed signal simulator; This simulator has adopted the structure based on FPGA+A D9957; With the point of fixity target is the characteristics that example has been analyzed ISAR signal target echo, and maximum output bandwidth is 200MHz, has satisfied engine request.(Liu Yi, Su Shaoying, Chen Cengping.A kind of wideband radar echoed signal simulator design [J].Radar science and technology, 2010,08 (2): 125-126).Along with the output bandwidth of modern high resolution radar is increasingly high; The target echo that radar receives no longer is a point target, but along the distance images that distance is launched, wideband echoes signal imitation is needed further research and demonstration; So the superfine people of king has realized a kind of high resolution radar target echo simulator based on wideband digital RF storer and digital picture compositor; Employing goes slope to handle to reduce system's IF process bandwidth, it is carried out reconstruction signal after the corresponding modulation, thereby simulate various moving target echoed signal (Wang Chao; Li Yi, Yuan Naichang.High resolution radar target echo simulator design [J].Systems engineering and electronic technology, 2007,29 (2): 1268-1269), and people such as Jiang Haiqing designed radar deception undesired signal modulator, simulated radar return undesired signal (Jiang Haiqing, Gao Meiguo, Li Yunjie, Wang Zongbo.Design [J] based on the radar deception undesired signal modulator of FPGA.Modern radar, 2008,30 (8): 31-32); Yet modern broadband radar bandwidth reaches more than the 1GHz; The high-resolution radar simulator of Liu Yi, the superfine people's development of king can not satisfy ultra bandwidth requirement, and radar signal Stretch processing meeting brings error to imaging in addition, need compensate it.
Summary of the invention
1, purpose: the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of broadband coherent radar target simulator, on the x wave band, realize the 1.3GHz bandwidth, it has solved the problem that exists in the prior art.This radar simulator is applicable object with China at the sea base ultra broadband that grinds, high-resolution radar; Receive the frequency modulation stepped frequency signal of sea base radar emission through sky feedback mode; And reconstruct transmitted after it was carried out corresponding distance, speed, amplitude modulation(PAM); Give the sea base radar through aerial radiation again, thus the various fortune account of somebody's meritorious service of simulated target attitude.
2, technical scheme: as shown in Figure 1; A kind of broadband of the present invention coherent radar target simulator, local vibration source, high-resolution radar signal imitation module are formed frequently by receiving end, transmitting terminal, power splitter, down-conversion mixer, upper frequency mixer, transient measurement receiver, dsp processor, jamming modulator, PC (target scattering model), target echo delay compensation, frequency modulation stepping; Position annexation between them and signal trend are: shipborne radar emission x wave band frequency modulation stepped frequency signal; Radar simulator receives this signal through electromagnetic horn; Frequently local vibration source produces the x wave band, bandwidth is the 1.3G local oscillation signal in the frequency modulation stepping, after mixing is gone tiltedly down, produces intermediate-freuqncy signal, and this intermediate-freuqncy signal is divided into two-way through power splitter; One the tunnel gives the transient measurement receiver accomplishes to the radar CF signal measurement of radar pulse repetition period, pulsewidth, pulse amplitude parameter; One the tunnel gives the simulation that high-resolution radar signal imitation module is accomplished high resolving power one dimension target distance image.High-resolution radar signal imitation module is made up of DRFM module (digital radiofrequency memory) and target echo signal analog module.The DRFM module is accomplished echo signal sampling, Serial No. storage, and the target echo signal analog module is accomplished DRFM stored numbers sequence is carried out distance modulated, amplitude modulation(PAM) and Doppler's modulation, and the result is sent back in the DRFM module.Because the target echo time delay is more serious than (RMS) influence to the pulse pressure major-minor that goes the slope processing, the present invention has added the target echo delay compensation, solves the increase of going the slope time delay, the RMS attenuation problem.Intermediate-freuqncy signal through compensation is sent to jamming modulator.The radar parameter that the transient measurement receiver is measured draws best cheating interference and gives jamming modulator with the result after being handled by dsp processor, and high resolving power one dimension target distance image is gone out to shipboard radiation through the radio-frequency head loudspeaker by jamming modulator modulation back and frequency modulation stepping frequency local vibration source uppermixing.PC (target scattering model) provides all types of target scattering model for radar simulator; Controlled target echoed signal analog module and jamming modulator co-ordination simultaneously, simulation has produced wideband radar echo target, cheating interference signal or the two composite signal.Because same local vibration source is adopted in uppermixing/following mixing, the radar echo signal of playback and radar emission signal coherent satisfy the technical requirement of shipborne radar echo coherent.
Facing each modular structure of radar simulator and functional relationship down briefly introduces one by one
Described receiving end is that model is a LB-80180 broadband horn antenna; Its function is that radar simulator passes through the frequency modulation stepping frequency that antenna receives carrier-borne wideband radar emission; This broadband signal gets into the simulation that radar simulator is accomplished range on target signal, speed, links to each other through low loss cable between simulator and the antenna.
Described transmitting terminal is that model is a LB-80180 broadband horn antenna, and its function is that the radar simulator intermediate-freuqncy signal is gone out through the transmitting terminal aerial radiation behind uppermixing.
Described power splitter is that model is XTGP-A0234 broadband two road power splitters, and it carries out the merit branch to the intermediate-freuqncy signal of mixing down, is divided into two-way.One the tunnel gives DRFM module, and one the tunnel gives the target echo signal analog module.
Described down-conversion mixer is that model is the WHSP105 broadband mixer.Frequency modulation stepping local vibration source goes oblique mixing with the carrier-borne wideband radar signal that receives, and the intermediate-freuqncy signal of exporting after the mixing is the narrow band signal of single-frequency.
Described upper frequency mixer is that model is the WHB52 broadband mixer.Intermediate-freuqncy signal and the frequency modulation stepping local vibration source that includes radar target distance and velocity information carries out producing target echo signal behind the uppermixing of broadband and gives carrier-borne broad-band high-resolution radar via radar simulator transmitting terminal aerial radiation.
Described dsp processor model is TMS320VC33; Described transient measurement receiver model is DIFM080120; Described jamming modulator theory diagram is seen Fig. 2; The major function of these three kinds of parts is that the transient measurement receiver is accomplished the measurement to each parameter of radar target signal, comprises the CF signal measurement, parameters such as radar repetition period, pulsewidth, frequency modulation stepping bandwidth.When shipborne radar work and radiation signal, calculate the relevant information of shipborne radar after the passive reception of radar simulator.After radar parameter is handled by dsp processor; To doing amplitude modulation(PAM) and phase modulation (PM) after the time-delay of stored numbers pulse signal in the DFRM module; Draw and cheating interference mode and the relevant decision-making of best cheating interference effect; Result control jamming modulator according to dsp processor is accomplished the cheating interference task to radar, and modulation realizes through complex multiplication.
Described PC (target scattering model) is the desktop PC that target scattering model database and steering order interface are housed; It provides jamming modulator to open and disturbs instruction and for high-resolution radar signal imitation module the target scattering model is provided, and the target scattering model reads from the PC database.Jamming modulator is opened to disturb and is artificially controlled by PC.Four types of target scattering model SwerlingI, II, III, IV Targets.
Described target echo delay compensation is accomplished the target echo signal and the frequency modulation stepping frequency local vibration source delay inequality of DRFM module simulation; Delay inequality is along with the target echo signal time-delay changes and changes; Major-minor to removing oblique digital pulse compression influences than (RMS); Target echo delay compensation theory diagram is seen Fig. 3; Mainly contain time discriminator, controller and trace pulse generator and waveform shaping circuit, time discriminator is that DRFM frequency pulse and the pulse of frequency modulation local vibration source are compared in time, identifies the time difference between them.When the DRFM frequency pulse overlaps with the pulse of frequency modulation local vibration source in time, output error voltage is zero.The effect of controller is through proper transformation with error voltage; With the input signal of its output as control trace pulse generator; Delay inequality is changed to the direction that reduces; Follow the tracks of up to system stability, thereby alignd with the local oscillation signal center as far as possible in the target echo signal center, frequency mixer is sent in trace pulse generator output pulse behind waveform shaping circuit.
Described frequency modulation stepping local vibration source frequently is and the shipborne radar frequency modulation stepped frequency signal coherent that receives and the broadband signal of synchronising frequency hopping; Both stepping carrier frequency differ a fixed frequency; Its major function is to accomplish with the shipborne radar broadband signal that receives to go oblique mixing; Produce the intermediate-freuqncy signal of a fixed frequency, simultaneously can with comprise analogue echoes signal uppermixing by target velocity, distance, amplitude information to the x wave band after go out by the radar simulator aerial radiation.Frequency modulation stepping of the present invention local vibration source signal waveforms is frequently seen Fig. 4, T
rBe the pulse repetition time, T
pWide during for pulse, f
0Be the carrier frequency initial frequency, Δ f is a number of frequency steps, and N is the frequency step number, T
sBe the SI, produce at last to produce one with the shipborne radar emission signal frequency, time-sloped identical and the time wide local oscillation signal when being wider than transponder pulse.This frequency modulation stepping local vibration source realization frequently block diagram is seen Fig. 5; By FPGA module synchronized generation two path control signal; One tunnel control DDS chip produces the linear FM signal in cycle; One tunnel control phaselocked loop and the stepped frequency signal in comprehensive generation cycle, two paths of signals carries out the frequency modulation stepped frequency signal that mixing produces low frequency behind signal condition, and signal condition mainly is made up of signal filter circuit and IF amplifier circuit.The low frequency frequency modulation stepped frequency signal of output carries out uppermixing with x wave band spot-frequency local oscillation source and produces the radio-frequency range frequency modulation stepping frequency local vibration source that the present invention needs after Filtering Processing.Linear FM signal realization block diagram is seen Fig. 6, adopts the structure of FPGA+DDS chip, through the corresponding control register generation linear FM signal of FPGA block configuration DDS chip.At first the FPGA module generates baseband signal according to host command and by the DDS chip baseband signal is modulated to intermediate frequency again, amplifies through filtering and intermediate frequency after the output again, and whole signal production process is realized accomplishing at numeric field.Stepped frequency signal realization block diagram is seen Fig. 7, adopts the structure of FPGA+DDS chip equally, is designed to two signalling channels, and the utilization quadrature modulation method produces single sideband singal, and guarantees higher image frequency/carrier leak rejection ratio.Digital baseband circuit produces the I/Q two-way digital orthogonal baseband signal of 0～50MHz, and changes the stepped frequency signal that spot-frequency local oscillation can obtain high broadband through SS.This scheme implements simply, technology maturation, and used number of devices is few, and cost is low.
Said high-resolution radar signal imitation module is made up of DRFM module and target echo analog module; Interconnect therebetween; The DRFM module at first to the intermediate frequency analog signal sampling and with data storage in RAM; The target echo analog module extracts data among the RAM, it is carried out amplitude, distance modulated and Doppler modulate and data result is re-entered in the DRFM module, thereby accomplish the wideband echoes signal with high-resolution radar characteristic.DRFM module principle block diagram such as Fig. 8.The DRFM module to shipborne radar transmit with the frequency modulation stepping frequently the local vibration source intermediate-freuqncy signal of going to produce after the oblique mixing carry out the A/D sampling, the middle frequency sequence after the sampling is input to the FPGA module and carries out range on target signal, amplitude and Doppler's modulation.Clock control circuit provides DRFM module clock and sequential, makes circuit coordinates work.Target echo signal numeric field simulation realization block diagram is seen Fig. 9, and target echo signal numeric field simulation realization block diagram is made up of range unit, data latches and Doppler's modulating part of M polyphone.Shift register is realized the amplitude of echo cell signal is modulated among the figure; Postpone summitor k sampling time of delay after the signal of last range unit output and the addition of this range unit shift register output signal passed to next range unit; Doppler's modulating part by counter, table look-up, Hilbert transformer, two multipliers and a totalizer constitute; Radar simulator takes out target velocity from PC and after counter calculates digital delay, deposits in the ROM that tables look-up; Hilbert transformer produces the burst with range unit output signal in orthogonal, and reads quadrature I, Q two paths of signals and target echo signal through digital modulation with lookup table mode and multiply each other and carry out in the totalizer summation output frequency sequence again and send into the DRFM module.
3, advantage and effect: the advantage of a kind of broadband of the present invention coherent radar target simulator:
1) can simulate fixed range and high-speed moving object at the frequency modulation stepped frequency signal of x wave band generation 1.3GHz bandwidth, satisfy the requirement of broad-band high-resolution radar test;
2) to target echo signal and frequency modulation stepping frequency local vibration source delay inequality, this present invention has carried out time difference compensation to it, makes RMS output maximum;
3) the present invention adopts ripe circuit and device as far as possible aspect hardware circuit design, guarantees circuit symmetry as far as possible, has guaranteed the stability of circuit.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 broadband coherent radar target simulator structured flowchart
Fig. 2 jamming modulator theory diagram
Fig. 3 target echo delay compensation theory diagram
The stepping of Fig. 4 frequency modulation is the local vibration source signal waveforms frequently
Fig. 5 frequency modulation stepping local vibration source frequently realizes block diagram
Fig. 6 linear FM signal realizes block diagram
Fig. 7 stepped frequency signal is realized block diagram
Fig. 8 DRFM theory diagram
The simulation of Fig. 9 target echo signal numeric field realizes block diagram
Figure 10 target echo time delay changes synoptic diagram to RMS
Figure 11 linear FM signal hardware is realized block diagram
Figure 12 linear FM signal produces control flow chart
Figure 13 stepped frequency signal hardware realization block diagram is seen figure
Figure 14 stepped frequency signal produces control flow chart
Figure 15 DRFM circuit is realized block diagram
The simulation of Figure 16 target echo signal numeric field realizes block diagram
The practical implementation method
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, technical scheme of the present invention is done further explanation.
As shown in Figure 1; A kind of broadband of the present invention coherent radar target simulator, local vibration source, high-resolution radar signal imitation module are formed frequently by receiving end, transmitting terminal, power splitter, down-conversion mixer, upper frequency mixer, transient measurement receiver, dsp processor, jamming modulator, PC (target scattering model), target echo delay compensation, frequency modulation stepping; Position annexation between them and signal trend are: shipborne radar emission x wave band WBFM stepped frequency signal; The electromagnetic horn that connects through low loss cable on the radar simulator receives the WBFM stepped frequency signal of carrier-borne radar emission; Frequency modulation stepping local vibration source frequently produces the x wave band; Bandwidth is the 1.3G local oscillation signal, generation intermediate-freuqncy signal after mixing goes tiltedly to handle down.Because the target echo time delay is serious to the influence of removing slope processing major-minor ratio; The present invention has added the target echo delay compensation, has solved along with the increase of going the slope time delay, and pulse pressure output major-minor is than (RMS) attenuation problem; Intermediate-freuqncy signal is divided into two-way through power splitter after compensation; One the tunnel gives instantaneous frequency measurement receiver accomplishes the measurement to each parameter of radar signal, comprises the measurement of radar CF signal, parameters such as radar pulse repetition period, pulsewidth, pulse amplitude.When shipborne radar work and radiation broadband signal; Radar simulator receives the carrier frequency information that transmits and relevant this radar is provided; Draw the relevant analysis result of best cheating interference effect after radar parameter is handled by dsp processor and give jamming modulator, be used for forming echoed signal and carry out subordinate's processing with the modulation of radar target simulation signal; One the tunnel gives high-resolution radar signal imitation module.This module is divided into DRFM module (digital radiofrequency memory) and target echo signal analog module.The DRFM module is mainly accomplished echo signal A/D sampling, the storage of if sampling sequence; The target echo signal analog module is mainly accomplished the if sampling sequence of DRFM module stores is carried out distance modulated, amplitude modulation(PAM) and Doppler's modulation; Realize the simulation of radar target signal one-dimensional range profile at numeric field, and the result re-entered in the DRFM module revert to analog if signal through D/A.High resolving power one dimension target distance image has just obtained having the broadband signal of echo signal characteristic through disturbing modulation and frequency modulation stepping frequency local vibration source uppermixing after the amplitude adjustment.This signal is gone out to shipboard radiation on the radio-frequency head loudspeaker.PC (target scattering model) provides various Radar Target Scatter models; Controlled target echoed signal simulated templates and jamming modulator co-ordination can be simulated and produced complete wideband radar target, cheating interference signal and the two composite signal simultaneously.Fig. 2 is the jamming modulator theory diagram.
To describe in detail the radar simulator main modular below
Described receiving end is that model is a LB-80180 broadband horn antenna; Its function is that radar simulator passes through the frequency modulation stepping frequency that antenna receives carrier-borne wideband radar emission; This broadband signal gets into the simulation that radar simulator is accomplished range on target signal, speed, links to each other through low loss cable between simulator and the antenna.The work of broadband horn antenna frequencies is 8～18GHz, gain representative value 10dB, and linear polarization, standing wave 1.5, joint are SMA-50K.
Described transmitting terminal is that model is a LB-80180 broadband horn antenna, and its function is that the radar simulator intermediate-freuqncy signal is gone out through the transmitting terminal aerial radiation behind uppermixing.The work of broadband horn antenna frequencies is 8～18GHz, gain representative value 10dB, and linear polarization, standing wave 1.5, joint are SMA-50K.
Described power splitter is that model is XTGP-A0234 broadband two road power splitters, and it carries out the merit branch to the intermediate-freuqncy signal of mixing down, is divided into two-way.One the tunnel gives DRFM module, and one the tunnel gives the target echo signal analog module.The power splitter index is frequency of operation: 6～18GHz; Isolation>=18dB between two-way; Insert loss≤0.7dB; Voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) :≤1.50 (inputs) ,≤1.40 (outputs); Input signal power: 0dBm; The average degree of coupling≤3.7dB; Phase equilibrium degree≤10 °; Amplitude balance degree≤0.8dB; Common port bears power>=30W; Distribution end is born power>=1W.
Described down-conversion mixer is that model is the WHSP105 broadband mixer.Frequency modulation stepping local vibration source goes oblique mixing with the carrier-borne wideband radar signal that receives, and the intermediate-freuqncy signal of exporting after the mixing is the narrow band signal of single-frequency.Frequency mixer frequency of operation: Lo.RF:5～10GHz; IF:DC～2GHz; Isolation>=18Db; Conversion loss≤10dB; 1dB compression point>=2dBm; Local oscillator level: 6～8dBm.
Described upper frequency mixer is that model is the WHB52 broadband mixer.Intermediate-freuqncy signal and the frequency modulation stepping local vibration source that includes radar target distance and velocity information carries out producing target echo signal behind the uppermixing of broadband and gives carrier-borne broad-band high-resolution radar via radar simulator transmitting terminal aerial radiation.Frequency mixer frequency of operation: Lo:8～12GHz; Isolation >=30dB; Output power >=10mW.
Described dsp processor model is TMS320VC33, and described transient measurement receiver model is DIFM080120, operating frequency range 8～12GHz; Blurred bandwidth 5119MHz not, average frequency resolving power 1.25MHz surveys volume error 3.0MHz; Dynamic range 60dB is through time 200ns.Described jamming modulator theory diagram is seen Fig. 2, and the major function of these three kinds of parts is that the transient measurement receiver is accomplished the measurement to each parameter of radar target signal, comprises the CF signal measurement, parameters such as radar repetition period, pulsewidth, frequency modulation stepping bandwidth.When shipborne radar work and radiation signal, calculate the relevant information of shipborne radar after the passive reception of radar simulator.After radar parameter is handled by dsp processor; To doing amplitude modulation(PAM) and phase modulation (PM) after the time-delay of stored numbers pulse signal in the DFRM module; Draw and cheating interference mode and the relevant decision-making of best cheating interference effect; Result control jamming modulator according to dsp processor is accomplished the cheating interference task to radar, and modulation realizes through complex multiplication.
Described PC (target scattering model) is the desktop PC that target scattering model database and steering order interface are housed; It provides jamming modulator to open and disturbs instruction and for high-resolution radar signal imitation module the target scattering model is provided, and the target scattering model reads from the PC database.Jamming modulator is opened to disturb and is artificially controlled by PC.Four types of target scattering model SwerlingI, II, III, IV Targets.
Described target echo delay compensation is accomplished the target echo signal and the frequency modulation stepping frequency local vibration source delay inequality of DRFM module simulation; Delay inequality is along with the target echo signal time-delay changes and changes; Major-minor to removing oblique digital pulse compression influences than (RMS); Target echo delay compensation theory diagram is seen Fig. 3; Mainly contain time discriminator, controller and trace pulse generator and waveform shaping circuit, time discriminator is that DRFM frequency pulse and the pulse of frequency modulation local vibration source are compared in time, identifies the time difference between them.When the DRFM frequency pulse overlaps with the pulse of frequency modulation local vibration source in time, output error voltage is zero.The effect of controller is through proper transformation with error voltage; With the input signal of its output as control trace pulse generator; Delay inequality is changed to the direction that reduces; Follow the tracks of up to system stability, thereby alignd with the local oscillation signal center as far as possible in the target echo signal center, frequency mixer is sent in trace pulse generator output pulse behind waveform shaping circuit.
Described frequency modulation stepping local vibration source frequently is and the shipborne radar frequency modulation stepped frequency signal coherent that receives and the broadband signal of synchronising frequency hopping; Both stepping carrier frequency differ a fixed frequency; Its major function is to accomplish with the shipborne radar broadband signal that receives to go oblique mixing; Produce the intermediate-freuqncy signal of a fixed frequency, simultaneously can with comprise analogue echoes signal uppermixing by target velocity, distance, amplitude information to the x wave band after go out by the radar simulator aerial radiation.Frequency modulation stepping of the present invention local vibration source signal waveforms is frequently seen Fig. 4, T
rBe the pulse repetition time, Y
pWide during for pulse, f
0Be the carrier frequency initial frequency, Δ f is a number of frequency steps, and N is the frequency step number, T
sBe the SI, produce at last to produce one with the shipborne radar emission signal frequency, time-sloped identical and the time wide local oscillation signal when being wider than transponder pulse.This frequency modulation stepping local vibration source realization frequently block diagram is seen Fig. 5; By FPGA module synchronized generation two path control signal; One tunnel control DDS chip produces the linear FM signal in cycle; One tunnel control phaselocked loop and the stepped frequency signal in comprehensive generation cycle, two paths of signals carries out the frequency modulation stepped frequency signal that mixing produces low frequency behind signal condition, and signal condition mainly is made up of signal filter circuit and IF amplifier circuit.The low frequency frequency modulation stepped frequency signal of output carries out uppermixing with x wave band spot-frequency local oscillation source and produces the radio-frequency range frequency modulation stepping frequency local vibration source that the present invention needs after Filtering Processing.Linear FM signal realization block diagram is seen Fig. 6, adopts the structure of FPGA+DDS chip, through the corresponding control register generation linear FM signal of FPGA block configuration DDS chip.At first the FPGA module generates baseband signal according to host command and by the DDS chip baseband signal is modulated to intermediate frequency again, amplifies through filtering and intermediate frequency after the output again, and whole signal production process is realized accomplishing at numeric field.Stepped frequency signal realization block diagram is seen Fig. 7, adopts the structure of FPGA+DDS chip equally, is designed to two signalling channels, and the utilization quadrature modulation method produces single sideband singal, and guarantees higher image frequency/carrier leak rejection ratio.Digital baseband circuit produces the I/Q two-way digital orthogonal baseband signal of 0～50MHz, and changes the stepped frequency signal that spot-frequency local oscillation can obtain high broadband through SS.This scheme implements simply, technology maturation, and used number of devices is few, and cost is low.
Said high-resolution radar signal imitation module is made up of DRFM module and target echo analog module; Interconnect therebetween; The DRFM module at first to the intermediate frequency analog signal sampling and with data storage in RAM; The target echo analog module extracts data among the RAM, it is carried out amplitude, distance modulated and Doppler modulate and data result is re-entered in the DRFM module, thereby accomplish the wideband echoes signal with high-resolution radar characteristic.DRFM module principle block diagram such as Fig. 8.
PC (target scattering model) provides jamming modulator to open the interference instruction and for the high-resolution radar analog module provides the target scattering model, the radar scattering model reads from the PC database.Jamming modulator is opened to disturb and is artificially controlled by PC.Simultaneously the speed of radar target is by reading in the PC database, and can artificially change settings through the PC interface.
The target echo delay compensation mainly is target echo signal and a frequency modulation stepping frequency local vibration source delay inequality of accomplishing the DRFM module simulation.If R
0The radial distance that arrives radar for the range gate center is certain, because of time-delay τ
0=2R
0/ c τ
0=2R
0/ c is certain, and radar target actual range R is uncertain, i.e. τ=2R/c is uncertain in target echo signal time-delay, and delay inequality is along with the target echo signal time-delay changes and changes.
If certain radar emission LFM signal pulse broadband T=30us, signal bandwidth B=200MHz.Work as sample rate f
sDuring=10MHz, T
s=1/10us.Target Doppler shift f
d=0kHz when delay inequality changes, obtains the target echo time delay RMS variation synoptic diagram is seen Figure 10.Can be known that by Fig. 8 target echo signal and frequency modulation stepping local vibration source delay inequality frequently are zero, go oblique demodulation effect best, RMS is maximum; Along with delay inequality increases, RMS obviously descends.When delay inequality during greater than 3us, therefore RMS about 10dB that descends, must carry out necessary repair to target echo signal and frequency modulation stepping frequency local vibration source delay inequality when going rake to press to handle.Fig. 9 is that the simulation of target echo signal numeric field realizes block diagram.
Frequency modulation stepping local vibration source frequently is and the shipborne radar frequency modulation stepped frequency signal coherent that receives and the broadband signal of synchronising frequency hopping; Both stepping carrier frequency differ a fixed frequency; Major function is to accomplish with the shipborne radar broadband signal that receives to go oblique mixing; Produce the intermediate-freuqncy signal of a fixed frequency, simultaneously can with comprise analogue echoes signal uppermixing by target velocity, distance, amplitude information to the x wave band after go out by the radar simulator aerial radiation.Frequency modulation stepping of the present invention local vibration source realization frequently block diagram is seen Fig. 5; By FPGA module synchronized generation two path control signal; One tunnel control DDS chip produces the linear FM signal in cycle; One tunnel control phaselocked loop and the stepped frequency signal in comprehensive generation cycle, two paths of signals carries out the frequency modulation stepped frequency signal that mixing produces low frequency behind signal condition, and signal condition mainly is made up of signal filter circuit and IF amplifier circuit.Fig. 6 realizes block diagram for linear FM signal.
Linear FM signal hardware is realized block diagram spare Figure 11; Utilize computer-aided design (CAD); Produce signal sampling value accurately; Deposit among the PC with binary form, be loaded into the I/Q data of storing in the PC respectively in two SRAM dynamic storagies, send among the DDS9957 with the data stream of 60MHz again through B4013E FPGA control.FPGA enables through address wire, data line, degree/write and the frequency update signal is controlled DDS9957 mode of operation and parameter setting, and DDS9957 of the present invention is operated in the linear frequency modulation pattern, the chirp string of output designated parameter.Linear FM signal produces control flow chart and sees Figure 12; When DDS9957 is carried out initialization, at first utilize reset signal that the DDS chip is carried out initialization, make AD9957 internal register resuming default value; Under writing enable signal control, write the linear frequency modulation control word in the relevant register buffer zone then through the parallel port; Provide one tunnel frequency update signal by FPGA after treating all to have write, the control word in the buffer zone is sent among the DDS synchronously at this moment, and AD9957 begins to export signal.Realize FM signal pulse output, need be with periodically zero setting of phase accumulator.When pulse began, existing to the reset of phase place zero clearing control bit, DDS began to export FM signal; When pulse need stop, giving the set of phase place zero clearing control bit, when the rising edge of update signal arrives, remove phase accumulator synchronously, stop linear FM signal output.When treating that next pulse begins, repeat the output that said process just can be realized the FM signal train of impulses, and the start-phase of each pulse starts from scratch all, thereby guaranteed the consistance of phase place.
Stepped frequency signal hardware realization block diagram is seen Figure 13; Utilize computer-aided design (CAD) equally; Produce signal sampling value accurately; Deposit among the PC with binary form, be loaded into the I/Q data of storing in the PC respectively in two SRAM dynamic storagies, respectively two-way I/Q data are sent in the DDS9954 chip with the data stream of 100MHz again through B4013E FPGA control.Through FPGA DDS9954 chip configuration RAM control model; And the frequency word that baseband signal DC～50MHz is corresponding writes the RAM district; Enable continuous circulating working mode; The DDS9954 output stepped frequency signal that just can circulate continuously, this signal through AD8001, AD8132 and SMU304A carry out that difference is amplified and intermediate frequency filtering after carry out orthogonal modulation with HMC497LP4.Special-purpose combining frequently produces 0～1200MHz, stepping 75MHz broadband signal, and warp SS PL015 output in 16: 1 is as HMC497LP4 quadrature modulator carrier wave.The switching of control local oscillation signal, the local oscillator of change quadrature modulator can make the bandwidth of output signal reach 1.3GHz.Stepped frequency signal produces control flow chart and sees Figure 14, and details are as follows with this process flow diagram:
Behind 1 electrification reset, the DDS9954 initialization, FPGA configuration DDS9954 is the RAM segment register;
2 will export the stepped frequency signal of designated parameter data write the RAM district and activate;
3 select suitable R AM mode of operation;
4 start DDS9954, circulation output stepped frequency signal.
X wave band point is the source frequently: FSS-27, this local frequency stepping: 1MHz are adopted in x wave band spot-frequency local oscillation of the present invention source; Spuious inhibition degree>=60dBc; Monolateral band phase noise :≤-90dBc/Hz10kHz; Output power>=13dBm; Harmonic wave inhibition degree>=30dBc can satisfy the designing requirement of frequency modulation stepping local vibration source of the present invention.
High-resolution radar signal imitation module is divided into DRFM module and target echo analog module, and major function is to accomplish radar target communication distance, the velocity information simulation that receives.DRFM digital RF storage accomplish to intermediate-freuqncy signal sample, Serial No. storage and waveform reconstruction and be transformed into analog form, the DRFM circuit is realized block diagram such as Figure 15, mainly comprises bandpass filtering, A/D converter, data-carrier store, D/A converter.DRFM to shipborne radar transmit with the frequency modulation stepping frequently the local vibration source intermediate-freuqncy signal of going to produce after the oblique mixing carry out the A/D sampling, the middle frequency sequence after the sampling is input to the FPGA module and carries out range on target signal, amplitude and Doppler's modulation.Clock control circuit provides DRFM clock and sequential, makes its circuit coordinates work.AD and D/A converter are respectively SAD948 8 bit A/D converters and 8 DA converters of SDA9713RH at a high speed.RAM storer model is SM7C1041 SRAM, this memory construction form: 256k * 16bit; Maximum access time≤20ns; Supply voltage: 5V; Small letter cycling time>=20ns; Maximum source current≤230mA; Maximum power dissipation: 1430mW; Input high level: 2.2～V
CC+ 0.5V; Input low level :-0.5～0.8V.
The intermediate frequency Serial No. that the target echo analog module is mainly accomplished sampling carries out amplitude, distance modulated and Doppler's modulation; And data result re-entered among the DRFM; Thereby accomplish wideband echoes signal with high-resolution radar characteristic; Target echo signal numeric field simulation realization block diagram is seen Figure 16, and target echo signal numeric field simulation realization block diagram is made up of range unit, data latches and Doppler's modulating part of M polyphone.Shift register is realized the amplitude of echo cell signal is modulated among the figure, postpones summitor with k the sampling time of delay after the signal of last range unit output and the addition of this range unit shift register output signal and pass to next range unit; Doppler's modulating part by counter, table look-up, Hilbert transformer, two multipliers and a totalizer constitute, Hilbert transformer produces the burst with range unit output signal in orthogonal, with counter with table look-up that to produce frequency be f
dThe quadrature two paths of signals phase Calais, back of multiplying each other respectively realize Doppler's modulation function; The target velocity that will simulate (numeral) at first is stored in the ROM storer; Data are read with I/Q two-way orthogonal signal in program is tabled look-up ROM then; Delay addition in the target echo analog module and hilbert transform circuit adopt a slice FPGA programming to realize, frequency sequence is sent into DRFM in exporting after the target echo signal digital modulation is accomplished.The present invention realizes that through the FPGA programming split-second precision postpones, and can reach the time delay of 400ns～1ms, thereby can simulate 120m～150km target range, and target velocity can be simulated 6000m/s.
The ROM storer of tabling look-up is HWD27C040, maximum the standby current :≤1mA (TTL) of this chip ,≤100 μ A (CMOS); Version: 512k * 8bit; Maximum access time≤120ns; Source voltage: 4.5～5.5V; Maximum source current≤80mA; Input high level>=2.4V; Input low level≤0.8V; Output high level>=2.4V; Output low level≤0.4V.
Claims (1)
1. broadband coherent radar target simulator is characterized in that: it is that local vibration source, high-resolution radar signal imitation module are formed frequently for target scattering model, target echo delay compensation, frequency modulation stepping by receiving end, transmitting terminal, power splitter, down-conversion mixer, upper frequency mixer, transient measurement receiver, dsp processor, jamming modulator, PC; Shipborne radar emission x wave band frequency modulation stepped frequency signal; Radar simulator receives this signal through electromagnetic horn; Frequently local vibration source produces the x wave band, bandwidth is the 1.3G local oscillation signal in the frequency modulation stepping; Generation intermediate-freuqncy signal after mixing is gone tiltedly down, this intermediate-freuqncy signal is divided into two-way through power splitter, and one the tunnel gives the transient measurement receiver accomplishes the measurement to radar CF signal, radar pulse repetition period, pulsewidth, pulse amplitude parameter; One the tunnel gives the simulation that high-resolution radar signal imitation module is accomplished high resolving power one dimension target distance image; High-resolution radar signal imitation module is made up of DRFM module and target echo signal analog module; The DRFM module is accomplished echo signal sampling, Serial No. storage; The target echo signal analog module is accomplished DRFM stored numbers sequence is carried out distance modulated, amplitude modulation(PAM) and Doppler's modulation, and the result is sent back in the DRFM module; The target echo delay compensation solves the increase of going the slope time delay, and pulse pressure major-minor specific damping problem is sent to jamming modulator through the intermediate-freuqncy signal that compensates; The radar parameter that the transient measurement receiver is measured draws best cheating interference and gives jamming modulator with the result after being handled by dsp processor, and high resolving power one dimension target distance image is gone out to shipboard radiation through the radio-frequency head loudspeaker by jamming modulator modulation back and frequency modulation stepping frequency local vibration source uppermixing; PC is that the target scattering model is that radar simulator provides all types of target scattering model; Controlled target echoed signal analog module and jamming modulator co-ordination simultaneously; Simulation has produced wideband radar echo target, cheating interference signal or the two composite signal; Because same local vibration source is adopted in uppermixing/following mixing, the radar echo signal of playback and radar emission signal coherent satisfy the technical requirement of shipborne radar echo coherent;
Described receiving end is that model is a LB-80180 broadband horn antenna; Its function is that radar simulator passes through the frequency modulation stepping frequency that antenna receives carrier-borne wideband radar emission; This broadband signal gets into the simulation that radar simulator is accomplished range on target signal, speed, links to each other through low loss cable between simulator and the antenna;
Described transmitting terminal is that model is a LB-80180 broadband horn antenna, and its function is that the radar simulator intermediate-freuqncy signal is gone out through the transmitting terminal aerial radiation behind uppermixing;
Described power splitter is that model is XTGP-A0234 broadband two road power splitters, and it carries out the merit branch to the intermediate-freuqncy signal of mixing down, is divided into two-way; One the tunnel gives DRFM module, and one the tunnel gives the target echo signal analog module;
Described down-conversion mixer is that model is the WHSP105 broadband mixer, and frequency modulation stepping local vibration source goes oblique mixing with the carrier-borne wideband radar signal that receives, and the intermediate-freuqncy signal of exporting after the mixing is the narrow band signal of single-frequency;
Described upper frequency mixer is that model is the WHB52 broadband mixer, and intermediate-freuqncy signal and the frequency modulation stepping local vibration source that includes radar target distance and velocity information carries out producing target echo signal behind the uppermixing of broadband and give carrier-borne broad-band high-resolution radar via radar simulator transmitting terminal aerial radiation;
Described dsp processor model is TMS320VC33; Described transient measurement receiver model is DIFM080120; These three kinds of functions of components of described jamming modulator are that the transient measurement receiver is accomplished the measurement to each parameter of radar target signal; Comprise the CF signal measurement, radar repetition period, pulsewidth, frequency modulation stepping bandwidth parameter; When shipborne radar work and radiation signal, calculate the relevant information of shipborne radar after the passive reception of radar simulator; After radar parameter is handled by dsp processor; To doing amplitude modulation(PAM) and phase modulation (PM) after the time-delay of stored numbers pulse signal in the DFRM module; Draw and cheating interference mode and the relevant decision-making of best cheating interference effect; Result control jamming modulator according to dsp processor is accomplished the cheating interference task to radar, and modulation realizes through complex multiplication;
Described PC is that the target scattering model is the desktop PC that target scattering model database and steering order interface are housed; It provides jamming modulator to open and disturbs instruction and for high-resolution radar signal imitation module the target scattering model is provided, and the target scattering model reads from the PC database; Jamming modulator open to disturb artificially to be controlled by PC, four types of target scattering model SwerlingI, II, III, IV Targets;
Described target echo delay compensation is accomplished the target echo signal and the frequency modulation stepping frequency local vibration source delay inequality of DRFM module simulation; Delay inequality is along with the target echo signal time-delay changes and changes; To going the major-minor ratio influence of oblique digital pulse compression; The target echo time delay is made up of time discriminator, controller and trace pulse generator and waveform shaping circuit, and time discriminator is that DRFM frequency pulse and the pulse of frequency modulation local vibration source are compared in time, identifies the time difference between them; When the DRFM frequency pulse overlaps with the pulse of frequency modulation local vibration source in time, output error voltage is zero; The effect of controller is through conversion with error voltage; With the input signal of its output as control trace pulse generator; Delay inequality is changed to the direction that reduces; Follow the tracks of up to system stability, thereby alignd with the local oscillation signal center as far as possible in the target echo signal center, frequency mixer is sent in trace pulse generator output pulse behind waveform shaping circuit;
Described frequency modulation stepping local vibration source frequently is and the shipborne radar frequency modulation stepped frequency signal coherent that receives and the broadband signal of synchronising frequency hopping; Both stepping carrier frequency differ a fixed frequency; Its function is to accomplish with the shipborne radar broadband signal that receives to go oblique mixing; Produce the intermediate-freuqncy signal of a fixed frequency; Simultaneously can with comprise analogue echoes signal uppermixing by target velocity, distance, amplitude information to the x wave band after go out by the radar simulator aerial radiation, to produce at last one with the shipborne radar emission signal frequency, time-sloped identical and the time wide local oscillation signal when being wider than transponder pulse; This frequency modulation stepping frequency local vibration source is by FPGA module synchronized generation two path control signal; One tunnel control DDS chip produces the linear FM signal in cycle; One tunnel control phaselocked loop and the stepped frequency signal in comprehensive generation cycle; Two paths of signals carries out the frequency modulation stepped frequency signal that mixing produces low frequency behind signal condition; Signal condition is made up of signal filter circuit and IF amplifier circuit, and the low frequency frequency modulation stepped frequency signal of output carries out uppermixing with x wave band spot-frequency local oscillation source and produces the radio-frequency range frequency modulation stepping frequency local vibration source that the present invention needs after Filtering Processing; Linear FM signal realizes adopting the structure of FPGA+DDS chip, through the corresponding control register generation linear FM signal of FPGA block configuration DDS chip; At first the FPGA module generates baseband signal according to host command and by the DDS chip baseband signal is modulated to intermediate frequency again, amplifies through filtering and intermediate frequency after the output again, and whole signal production process is realized accomplishing at numeric field; Stepped frequency signal is realized the structure of the same FPGA+DDS of employing chip, is designed to two signalling channels, and the utilization quadrature modulation method produces single sideband singal, and guarantees higher image frequency/carrier leak rejection ratio; Digital baseband circuit produces the I/Q two-way digital orthogonal baseband signal of 0～50MHz, and changes the stepped frequency signal that spot-frequency local oscillation obtains high broadband through SS;
Said high-resolution radar signal imitation module is made up of DRFM module and target echo analog module; Interconnect therebetween; The DRFM module at first to the intermediate frequency analog signal sampling and with data storage in RAM; The target echo analog module extracts data among the RAM, it is carried out amplitude, distance modulated and Doppler modulate and data result is re-entered in the DRFM module, thereby accomplish the wideband echoes signal with high-resolution radar characteristic; The DRFM module to shipborne radar transmit with the frequency modulation stepping frequently the local vibration source intermediate-freuqncy signal of going to produce after the oblique mixing carry out the A/D sampling, the middle frequency sequence after the sampling is input to the FPGA module and carries out range on target signal, amplitude and Doppler's modulation; Clock control circuit provides DRFM module clock and sequential, makes circuit coordinates work; The simulation of target echo signal numeric field realizes being made up of range unit, data latches and Doppler's modulating part of M polyphone; Shift register is realized the amplitude of echo cell signal is modulated; Postpone summitor k sampling time of delay after the signal of last range unit output and the addition of this range unit shift register output signal passed to next range unit; Doppler's modulating part by counter, table look-up, Hilbert transformer, two multipliers and a totalizer constitute; Radar simulator takes out target velocity from PC and after counter calculates digital delay, deposits in the ROM that tables look-up; Hilbert transformer produces the burst with range unit output signal in orthogonal, and reads quadrature I, Q two paths of signals and target echo signal through digital modulation with lookup table mode and multiply each other and carry out in the totalizer summation output frequency sequence again and send into the DRFM module.
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| CN116718996A (en) * | 2023-08-10 | 2023-09-08 | 南京航天工业科技有限公司 | DRFM-based one-dimensional HRRP target simulation method and system |
| CN116718996B (en) * | 2023-08-10 | 2023-11-03 | 南京航天工业科技有限公司 | DRFM-based one-dimensional HRRP target simulation method and system |
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| CN102590794B (en) | 2013-10-30 |
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