CN102590794B - Broadband coherent radar target simulator - Google Patents
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Abstract
A broadband coherent radar target simulator is composed of a receiving end, a transmitting end, a power divider, a lower mixer, an upper mixer, an instantaneous measurement receiver, a DSP processor, an interference modulator, a PC, a target echo delay compensation, a frequency modulation step frequency local oscillator and a high resolution radar signal simulation module. A shipborne radar transmits an X-wave band frequency modulation step frequency signal, a radar simulator receives the signal via a horn antenna, and the frequency modulation step frequency local oscillator generates a local oscillator signal; an intermediate frequency signal is generated after the dechirp processing of the lower mixer and is divided into two signals by the power divider, with one signal sent to the instantaneous measurement receiver to complete the measurements of radar carrier frequency signal, radar pulse repetition period, pulse width and pulse amplitude parameter, and with the other one sent to the high resolution radar signal simulation module to complete the simulation of a high resolution one dimensional object range image; the target echo delay compensation is used to solve the increase RMS attenuation problem of a dechirp time delay, and the compensated intermediate frequency signal is sent to the interference modulator. The broadband coherent radar target simulator of the invention is scientific in conception, less in use device number and low in cost.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of broadband coherent radar target simulator (abbreviation radar simulator), belong to wideband radar echo signal simulation calibration technology field, it is finished radar parameter verification and performance test after high-resolution radar is repaired or in the development process.
Background technology
Has instantaneous super bandwidth radar, the advantages such as strong, the outstanding Target detection and identification ability of range resolution, antijamming capability of Yin Qigao, be subject to the generally attention of countries in the world, ground imaging radar (GBR) such as U.S.'s deployment, its centre frequency is at x wave band, instant bandwidth 1GHz, detectable distance is 4000Km, and range resolution is 15cm; (Wen Shuliang, Yuan rise the active shipborne radar APAR of x wave band of Germany, Canada, Dutch joint research and development etc., Qin Zhongyu.The design criteria of wideband phased array radar and developing direction [J]. systems engineering and electronic technology, 2010,27 (6): 1007-1008).ULTRA-WIDEBAND RADAR has great strategic significance in space monitoring, missile defence and the aspect such as anti-stealthy.The domestic ULTRA-WIDEBAND RADAR research work of carrying out is relatively late, but obtained certain achievement in research, yet costly by field trial to the radar system Performance Evaluation in the development of ULTRA-WIDEBAND RADAR system and debug process, be difficult to comprehensive instrumentation radar performance parameter (Zhang Yanqing, the Qu Honggang of system under various complex environments.The design of hardware and software of certain radar simulator [J]. the fire control radar technology, 2004,33 (4): 61-62), so the people such as Liu Yi have developed a kind of wideband radar Echo Signal Simulator, this simulator has adopted the structure based on FPGA+A D9957, analyzed the characteristics of ISAR signal target echo as an example of the point of fixity target example, maximum output bandwidth is 200MHz, has satisfied engine request.(Liu Yi, Su Shaoying, Chen Cengping.A kind of wideband radar Echo Signal Simulator design [J].Radar science and technology, 2010,08 (2): 125-126).Along with the output bandwidth of modern high resolution radar is more and more higher, the target echo that radar receives no longer is point target, but along the Range Profile apart from expansion, signal imitation requires further study and proves to wideband echoes, so the superfine people of king has realized a kind of high resolution radar echo simulator based on wideband digital RF storer and digital image synthesizer, employing goes slope to process to reduce system's intermediate frequency process bandwidth, it is modulated rear reconstruction signal accordingly, thereby simulate various Moving Target Return signal (Wang Chao, Li Yi, Yuan Naichang.Design of high resolution radar echo simulator [J].Systems engineering and electronic technology, 2007,29 (2): 1268-1269), and the people such as Jiang Haiqing designed radar deception undesired signal modulator, simulated radar return undesired signal (Jiang Haiqing, Gao Meiguo, Li Yunjie, Wang Zongbo.Design [J] based on the radar deception undesired signal modulator of FPGA.Modern radar, 2008,30 (8): 31-32), yet modern broadband radar bandwidth reaches more than the 1GHz, the high-resolution radar simulator of Liu Yi, the superfine people's development of king can not satisfy super bandwidth requirement, radar signal Stretch processing meeting brings error to imaging in addition, need to compensate it.
Summary of the invention
1, purpose: the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of broadband coherent radar target simulator, realize the 1.3GHz bandwidth at the x wave band, it has solved problems of the prior art.This radar simulator take China at the sea base ultra broadband that grinds, high-resolution radar as applicable object; receive the frequency modulation stepped frequency signal of sea base radar emission by sky feedback mode; and reconstruct transmitted after it was carried out corresponding distance, speed, amplitude modulation(PAM); again by aerial radiation to the sea base radar, thereby the various fortune account of somebody's meritorious service of simulated target attitude.
2, technical scheme: as shown in Figure 1, a kind of broadband coherent radar target simulator of the present invention is comprised of receiving end, transmitting terminal, power splitter, down-conversion mixer, upper frequency mixer, transient measurement receiver, dsp processor, jamming modulator, PC (Target Scatter Model), target echo delay compensation, frequency modulation Step Frequency local vibration source, high-resolution radar signal imitation module; Position annexation between them and signal trend are: shipborne radar emission x wave band frequency modulation stepped frequency signal, radar simulator receives this signal by electromagnetic horn, frequency modulation Step Frequency local vibration source produces the x wave band, bandwidth is the 1.3G local oscillation signal, after going tiltedly, lower mixing produces intermediate-freuqncy signal, this intermediate-freuqncy signal is divided into two-way through power splitter, one the tunnel gives the transient measurement receiver finishes to the radar carrier frequency signal measurement of radar pulse repetition period, pulsewidth, pulse amplitude parameter; One the tunnel gives the simulation that high-resolution radar signal imitation module is finished high resolving power one dimension target distance image.High-resolution radar signal imitation module is comprised of DRFM module (digital radiofrequency memory) and target echo signal analog module.The DRFM module is finished echo signal sampling, Serial No. storage, and the Serial No. that the target echo signal analog module is finished the DRFM storage carries out distance modulated, amplitude modulation(PAM) and Doppler modulation, and the result is sent back in the DRFM module.Because the target echo time delay is more serious than (RMS) impact on the pulse pressure major-minor that goes the slope processing, the present invention has added the target echo delay compensation, solves the increase of going the slope time delay, the RMS attenuation problem.Intermediate-freuqncy signal through compensation is sent to jamming modulator.The radar parameter that the transient measurement receiver is measured draws best cheating interference and gives jamming modulator with the result after being processed by dsp processor, and high resolving power one dimension target distance image modulates rear by jamming modulator and frequency modulation Step Frequency local vibration source uppermixing is gone out to shipboard radiation through the radio-frequency head loudspeaker.PC (Target Scatter Model) provides all types of target scattering model for radar simulator, control simultaneously target echo signal analog module and jamming modulator co-ordination, simulation has produced wideband radar echo target, cheating interference signal or the two composite signal.Because same local vibration source is adopted in uppermixing/lower mixing, the radar echo signal of playback and radar emission signal coherent satisfy the technical requirement of shipborne radar echo coherent.
The below briefly introduces one by one to radar simulator modules structure and functional relationship
Described receiving end is that model is the LB-80180 Broadband Horn Antenna, its function is the frequency modulation Step Frequency that radar simulator passes through the carrier-borne wideband radar emission of antenna reception, this broadband signal enters the simulation that radar simulator is finished range on target signal, speed, links to each other by low loss cable between simulator and the antenna.
Described transmitting terminal is that model is the LB-80180 Broadband Horn Antenna, and its function is that the radar simulator intermediate-freuqncy signal is gone out by the transmitting terminal aerial radiation behind uppermixing.
Described power splitter is that model is XTGP-A0234 broadband two road power splitters, and it carries out merit to the intermediate-freuqncy signal of lower mixing and divides, and is divided into two-way.One the tunnel gives the DRFM module, and one the tunnel gives the target echo signal analog module.
Described down-conversion mixer is that model is the WHSP105 broadband mixer.Frequency modulation stepping local vibration source goes oblique mixing with the carrier-borne wideband radar signal that receives, and the intermediate-freuqncy signal of exporting after the mixing is the narrow band signal of single-frequency.
Described upper frequency mixer is that model is the WHB52 broadband mixer.Include the intermediate-freuqncy signal of radar target distance and velocity information and frequency modulation stepping local vibration source carry out producing behind the uppermixing of broadband target echo signal via radar simulator transmitting terminal aerial radiation to carrier-borne broad-band high-resolution radar.
Described dsp processor model is TMS320VC33, described transient measurement receiver model is DIFM080120, described jamming modulator theory diagram is seen Fig. 2, the major function of these three kinds of parts is that the transient measurement receiver is finished the measurement to each parameter of radar target signal, comprise the CF signal measurement, the parameters such as radar repetition period, pulsewidth, frequency modulation stepping bandwidth.When shipborne radar work and radiation signal, calculate the relevant information of shipborne radar after the passive reception of radar simulator.After radar parameter is processed by dsp processor, to doing amplitude modulation(PAM) and phase-modulation after the digital pulse signal time-delay of storing in the DFRM module, draw the decision-making relevant with best cheating interference effect with the cheating interference mode, finish cheating interference task to radar according to the result of dsp processor control jamming modulator, modulation realizes by complex multiplication.
Described PC (Target Scatter Model) is the desktop PC that Target Scatter Model database and steering order interface are housed, it provides jamming modulator to open the interference instruction and for high-resolution radar signal imitation module provides Target Scatter Model, Target Scatter Model reads from the PC database.Jamming modulator is opened to disturb and is carried out manual control by PC.Target Scatter Model SwerlingI, II, III, IV Targets Four types.
Described target echo delay compensation is finished target echo signal and the frequency modulation Step Frequency local vibration source delay inequality of DRFM module simulation, delay inequality is along with the target echo signal time-delay changes and changes, the major-minor that removes oblique digital pulse compression is affected than (RMS), target echo delay compensation theory diagram is seen Fig. 3, mainly contain time discriminator, controller and trace pulse generator and waveform shaping circuit, time discriminator is that DRFM frequency pulse and the pulse of frequency modulation local vibration source are compared in time, identifies the time difference between them.When the DRFM frequency pulse overlaps in time with the pulse of frequency modulation local vibration source, output error voltage is zero.The effect of controller is through proper transformation with error voltage, with the input signal of its output as control trace pulse generator, delay inequality is changed to the direction that reduces, until system stability is followed the tracks of, thereby alignd as far as possible with the local oscillation signal center in the target echo signal center, frequency mixer is sent in trace pulse generator output pulse behind waveform shaping circuit.
Described frequency modulation Step Frequency local vibration source is and the shipborne radar frequency modulation stepped frequency signal coherent that receives and the broadband signal of synchronising frequency hopping, both stepping carrier frequency differ a fixed frequency, its major function is to finish oblique mixing with the shipborne radar broadband signal that receives, produce the intermediate-freuqncy signal of a fixed frequency, simultaneously can with comprise analogue echoes signal uppermixing by target velocity, distance, amplitude information to the x wave band by being gone out by the radar simulator aerial radiation.Frequency modulation Step Frequency local vibration source signal waveforms of the present invention is seen Fig. 4, T
rBe the pulse repetition time, T
pWide during for pulse, f
0Be the carrier frequency initial frequency, Δ f is number of frequency steps, and N is the frequency step number, T
sBe sampling interval, produce at last to produce one with the shipborne radar emission signal frequency, time-sloped identical and the time wide local oscillation signal when being wider than transponder pulse.This frequency modulation Step Frequency local vibration source realization block diagram is seen Fig. 5, produce synchronously two path control signal by the FPGA module, one tunnel control DDS chip produces the linear FM signal in cycle, one tunnel control phaselocked loop and the stepped frequency signal in comprehensive generation cycle, two paths of signals carries out the frequency modulation stepped frequency signal that mixing produces low frequency behind signal condition, signal condition mainly is comprised of signal filter circuit and intermediate frequency amplifier circuit.The low frequency frequency modulation stepped frequency signal of output carries out uppermixing with x wave band spot-frequency local oscillation source and produces the radio-frequency range frequency modulation Step Frequency local vibration source that the present invention needs after filtering is processed.Linear FM signal realization block diagram is seen Fig. 6, adopts the structure of FPGA+DDS chip, by the corresponding control register generation linear FM signal of FPGA block configuration DDS chip.At first the FPGA module generates baseband signal according to host command and by the DDS chip baseband signal is modulated to intermediate frequency again, involves after filtration intermediate frequency after the output again and amplifies, and whole signal production process is realized finishing at numeric field.Stepped frequency signal realization block diagram is seen Fig. 7, adopts equally the structure of FPGA+DDS chip, is designed to two signalling channels, uses quadrature modulation method to produce single sideband singal, and guarantees higher image frequency/carrier leak rejection ratio.Digital baseband circuit produces the I/Q two-way digital orthogonal baseband signal of 0～50MHz, and changes the stepped frequency signal that spot-frequency local oscillation can obtain high broadband by selector switch.This scheme implements simply, technology maturation, and used number of devices is few, and cost is low.
Described high-resolution radar signal imitation module is comprised of DRFM module and target echo analog module, interconnect therebetween, the DRFM module at first stores among the RAM to the intermediate frequency analog signal sampling and with data, the target echo analog module extracts data among the RAM, it is carried out amplitude, distance modulated and Doppler modulation and data result is re-entered in the DRFM module, thereby finish the wideband echoes signal with high-resolution radar characteristic.DRFM module principle block diagram such as Fig. 8.The DRFM module is carried out the A/D sampling to the shipborne radar intermediate-freuqncy signal of going to produce after the oblique mixing with frequency modulation Step Frequency local vibration source that transmits, and the middle frequency sequence after the sampling is input to the FPGA module and carries out range on target signal, amplitude and Doppler modulation.Clock control circuit provides DRFM module clock and sequential, so that circuit coordinates work.Target echo signal numeric field simulation realization block diagram is seen Fig. 9, and the simulation of target echo signal numeric field realizes that block diagram partly is comprised of range unit, data latches and the Doppler modulation of M series winding.Shift register is realized the amplitude of echo cell signal is modulated among the figure, postpone summitor k sampling time of delay after the signal of upper range unit output and the addition of this range unit shift register output signal passed to next range unit, the Doppler modulation part is by counter, table look-up, Hilbert transformer, two multipliers and a totalizer consist of, radar simulator takes out target velocity from PC and deposits in after counter calculates digital delay the ROM that tables look-up, Hilbert transformer produces the burst with range unit output signal quadrature, and reads quadrature I with lookup table mode, the Q two paths of signals carries out in the totalizer summation output frequency sequence again and sends into the DRFM module with multiplying each other through the target echo signal of Digital Modulation.
3, advantage and effect: the advantage of a kind of broadband coherent radar target simulator of the present invention:
1) can simulate fixed range and high-speed moving object at the frequency modulation stepped frequency signal of x wave band generation 1.3GHz bandwidth, satisfy the requirement of broad-band high-resolution radar test;
2) for target echo signal and frequency modulation Step Frequency local vibration source delay inequality, this present invention has carried out time difference compensation to it, makes RMS output maximum;
3) the present invention adopts ripe circuit and device as far as possible aspect hardware circuit design, guarantees circuit symmetry as far as possible, has guaranteed the stability of circuit.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 broadband coherent radar target simulator structured flowchart
Fig. 2 jamming modulator theory diagram
Fig. 3 target echo delay compensation theory diagram
Fig. 4 frequency modulation Step Frequency local vibration source signal waveforms
Fig. 5 frequency modulation Step Frequency local vibration source is realized block diagram
Fig. 6 linear FM signal realizes block diagram
Fig. 7 stepped frequency signal is realized block diagram
Fig. 8 DRFM theory diagram
The simulation of Fig. 9 target echo signal numeric field realizes block diagram
Figure 10 target echo time delay changes synoptic diagram to RMS
Figure 11 linear FM signal hardware is realized block diagram
Figure 12 linear FM signal produces control flow chart
Figure 13 stepped frequency signal hardware realization block diagram is seen figure
Figure 14 stepped frequency signal produces control flow chart
Figure 15 DRFM circuit is realized block diagram
The simulation of Figure 16 target echo signal numeric field realizes block diagram
Specific implementation method
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, technical scheme of the present invention is described further.
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of broadband coherent radar target simulator of the present invention is comprised of receiving end, transmitting terminal, power splitter, down-conversion mixer, upper frequency mixer, transient measurement receiver, dsp processor, jamming modulator, PC (Target Scatter Model), target echo delay compensation, frequency modulation Step Frequency local vibration source, high-resolution radar signal imitation module; Position annexation between them and signal trend are: shipborne radar emission x band broadband frequency modulation stepped frequency signal, the electromagnetic horn that connects by low loss cable on the radar simulator receives the wideband frequency modulation stepped frequency signal of carrier-borne radar emission, frequency modulation Step Frequency local vibration source produces the x wave band, bandwidth is the 1.3G local oscillation signal, produces intermediate-freuqncy signal after lower mixing goes tiltedly to process.Because the target echo time delay is serious on the impact of removing slope processing major-minor ratio, the present invention has added the target echo delay compensation, solved along with the increase of going the slope time delay, pulse pressure output major-minor is than (RMS) attenuation problem, intermediate-freuqncy signal is divided into two-way through power splitter after compensation, one the tunnel gives instantaneous frequency measurement receiver finishes measurement to each parameter of radar signal, comprises the measurement of radar carrier frequency signal, the parameters such as radar pulse repetition period, pulsewidth, pulse amplitude.When shipborne radar work and radiation broadband signal, radar simulator receives the carrier frequency information that transmits and relevant this radar is provided, draw the relevant analysis result of best cheating interference effect after radar parameter is processed by dsp processor and give jamming modulator, be used for forming echoed signal with the modulation of radar target simulation signal and carry out subordinate's processing; One the tunnel gives high-resolution radar signal imitation module.This module is divided into DRFM module (digital radiofrequency memory) and target echo signal analog module.The DRFM module is mainly finished echo signal A/D sampling, the storage of if sampling sequence, the target echo signal analog module is mainly finished the if sampling sequence of DRFM module stores is carried out distance modulated, amplitude modulation(PAM) and Doppler modulation, realize the simulation of radar target signal one-dimensional range profile at numeric field, and the result re-entered in the DRFM module revert to analog if signal through D/A.High resolving power one dimension target distance image has just obtained having the broadband signal of echo signal feature through disturbing modulation and frequency modulation Step Frequency local vibration source uppermixing after amplitude is adjusted.This signal is gone out to shipboard radiation on the radio-frequency head loudspeaker.PC (Target Scatter Model) provides various Radar Target Scatter models, control simultaneously target echo signal simulated templates and jamming modulator co-ordination, can simulate and produce complete wideband radar target, cheating interference signal and the two composite signal.Fig. 2 is the jamming modulator theory diagram.
The below will describe in detail the radar simulator main modular
Described receiving end is that model is the LB-80180 Broadband Horn Antenna, its function is the frequency modulation Step Frequency that radar simulator passes through the carrier-borne wideband radar emission of antenna reception, this broadband signal enters the simulation that radar simulator is finished range on target signal, speed, links to each other by low loss cable between simulator and the antenna.The work of Broadband Horn Antenna frequency is 8～18GHz, gain representative value 10dB, and linear polarization, standing wave 1.5, joint are SMA-50K.
Described transmitting terminal is that model is the LB-80180 Broadband Horn Antenna, and its function is that the radar simulator intermediate-freuqncy signal is gone out by the transmitting terminal aerial radiation behind uppermixing.The work of Broadband Horn Antenna frequency is 8～18GHz, gain representative value 10dB, and linear polarization, standing wave 1.5, joint are SMA-50K.
Described power splitter is that model is XTGP-A0234 broadband two road power splitters, and it carries out merit to the intermediate-freuqncy signal of lower mixing and divides, and is divided into two-way.One the tunnel gives the DRFM module, and one the tunnel gives the target echo signal analog module.The power splitter index is frequency of operation: 6～18GHz; Isolation 〉=18dB between two-way; Insertion loss≤0.7dB; Voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) :≤1.50 (inputs) ,≤1.40 (outputs); Input signal power: 0dBm; The average degree of coupling≤3.7dB; Phase balance≤10 °; Amplitude balance≤0.8dB; Common port bears power 〉=30W; Distribution end is born power 〉=1W.
Described down-conversion mixer is that model is the WHSP105 broadband mixer.Frequency modulation stepping local vibration source goes oblique mixing with the carrier-borne wideband radar signal that receives, and the intermediate-freuqncy signal of exporting after the mixing is the narrow band signal of single-frequency.Frequency mixer frequency of operation: Lo.RF:5～10GHz; IF:DC～2GHz; Isolation 〉=18Db; Conversion loss≤10dB; 1dB compression point 〉=2dBm; Local oscillator level: 6～8dBm.
Described upper frequency mixer is that model is the WHB52 broadband mixer.Include the intermediate-freuqncy signal of radar target distance and velocity information and frequency modulation stepping local vibration source carry out producing behind the uppermixing of broadband target echo signal via radar simulator transmitting terminal aerial radiation to carrier-borne broad-band high-resolution radar.Frequency mixer frequency of operation: Lo:8～12GHz; Isolation 〉=30dB; Output power 〉=10mW.
Described dsp processor model is TMS320VC33, and described transient measurement receiver model is DIFM080120, operating frequency range 8～12GHz, blurred bandwidth 5119MHz not, average frequency resolving power 1.25MHz surveys volume error 3.0MHz, dynamic range 60dB is by time 200ns.Described jamming modulator theory diagram is seen Fig. 2, and the major function of these three kinds of parts is that the transient measurement receiver is finished the measurement to each parameter of radar target signal, comprises the CF signal measurement, the parameters such as radar repetition period, pulsewidth, frequency modulation stepping bandwidth.When shipborne radar work and radiation signal, calculate the relevant information of shipborne radar after the passive reception of radar simulator.After radar parameter is processed by dsp processor, to doing amplitude modulation(PAM) and phase-modulation after the digital pulse signal time-delay of storing in the DFRM module, draw the decision-making relevant with best cheating interference effect with the cheating interference mode, finish cheating interference task to radar according to the result of dsp processor control jamming modulator, modulation realizes by complex multiplication.
Described PC (Target Scatter Model) is the desktop PC that Target Scatter Model database and steering order interface are housed, it provides jamming modulator to open the interference instruction and for high-resolution radar signal imitation module provides Target Scatter Model, Target Scatter Model reads from the PC database.Jamming modulator is opened to disturb and is carried out manual control by PC.Target Scatter Model SwerlingI, II, III, IV Targets Four types.
Described target echo delay compensation is finished target echo signal and the frequency modulation Step Frequency local vibration source delay inequality of DRFM module simulation, delay inequality is along with the target echo signal time-delay changes and changes, the major-minor that removes oblique digital pulse compression is affected than (RMS), target echo delay compensation theory diagram is seen Fig. 3, mainly contain time discriminator, controller and trace pulse generator and waveform shaping circuit, time discriminator is that DRFM frequency pulse and the pulse of frequency modulation local vibration source are compared in time, identifies the time difference between them.When the DRFM frequency pulse overlaps in time with the pulse of frequency modulation local vibration source, output error voltage is zero.The effect of controller is through proper transformation with error voltage, with the input signal of its output as control trace pulse generator, delay inequality is changed to the direction that reduces, until system stability is followed the tracks of, thereby alignd as far as possible with the local oscillation signal center in the target echo signal center, frequency mixer is sent in trace pulse generator output pulse behind waveform shaping circuit.
Described frequency modulation Step Frequency local vibration source is and the shipborne radar frequency modulation stepped frequency signal coherent that receives and the broadband signal of synchronising frequency hopping, both stepping carrier frequency differ a fixed frequency, its major function is to finish oblique mixing with the shipborne radar broadband signal that receives, produce the intermediate-freuqncy signal of a fixed frequency, simultaneously can with comprise analogue echoes signal uppermixing by target velocity, distance, amplitude information to the x wave band by being gone out by the radar simulator aerial radiation.Frequency modulation Step Frequency local vibration source signal waveforms of the present invention is seen Fig. 4, T
rBe the pulse repetition time, Y
pWide during for pulse, f
0Be the carrier frequency initial frequency, Δ f is number of frequency steps, and N is the frequency step number, T
sBe sampling interval, produce at last to produce one with the shipborne radar emission signal frequency, time-sloped identical and the time wide local oscillation signal when being wider than transponder pulse.This frequency modulation Step Frequency local vibration source realization block diagram is seen Fig. 5, produce synchronously two path control signal by the FPGA module, one tunnel control DDS chip produces the linear FM signal in cycle, one tunnel control phaselocked loop and the stepped frequency signal in comprehensive generation cycle, two paths of signals carries out the frequency modulation stepped frequency signal that mixing produces low frequency behind signal condition, signal condition mainly is comprised of signal filter circuit and intermediate frequency amplifier circuit.The low frequency frequency modulation stepped frequency signal of output carries out uppermixing with x wave band spot-frequency local oscillation source and produces the radio-frequency range frequency modulation Step Frequency local vibration source that the present invention needs after filtering is processed.Linear FM signal realization block diagram is seen Fig. 6, adopts the structure of FPGA+DDS chip, by the corresponding control register generation linear FM signal of FPGA block configuration DDS chip.At first the FPGA module generates baseband signal according to host command and by the DDS chip baseband signal is modulated to intermediate frequency again, involves after filtration intermediate frequency after the output again and amplifies, and whole signal production process is realized finishing at numeric field.Stepped frequency signal realization block diagram is seen Fig. 7, adopts equally the structure of FPGA+DDS chip, is designed to two signalling channels, uses quadrature modulation method to produce single sideband singal, and guarantees higher image frequency/carrier leak rejection ratio.Digital baseband circuit produces the I/Q two-way digital orthogonal baseband signal of 0～50MHz, and changes the stepped frequency signal that spot-frequency local oscillation can obtain high broadband by selector switch.This scheme implements simply, technology maturation, and used number of devices is few, and cost is low.
Described high-resolution radar signal imitation module is comprised of DRFM module and target echo analog module, interconnect therebetween, the DRFM module at first stores among the RAM to the intermediate frequency analog signal sampling and with data, the target echo analog module extracts data among the RAM, it is carried out amplitude, distance modulated and Doppler modulation and data result is re-entered in the DRFM module, thereby finish the wideband echoes signal with high-resolution radar characteristic.DRFM module principle block diagram such as Fig. 8.
PC (Target Scatter Model) provides jamming modulator to open the interference instruction and for the high-resolution radar analog module provides Target Scatter Model, radar scattering model reads from the PC database.Jamming modulator is opened to disturb and is carried out manual control by PC.Simultaneously the speed of radar target is by reading in the PC database, and can artificially change settings by the PC interface.
The target echo delay compensation mainly is target echo signal and the frequency modulation Step Frequency local vibration source delay inequality of finishing the DRFM module simulation.If R
0The radial distance that arrives radar for the range gate center is certain, because of time-delay τ
0=2R
0/ c τ
0=2R
0/ c is certain, and radar target actual range R is uncertain, i.e. τ=2R/c is uncertain in target echo signal time-delay, and delay inequality is along with the target echo signal time-delay changes and changes.
If certain radar emission LFM signal pulse broadband T=30us, signal bandwidth B=200MHz.Work as sample rate f
sDuring=10MHz, T
s=1/10us.Target Doppler shift f
d=0kHz when delay inequality changes, obtains the target echo time delay RMS variation synoptic diagram is seen Figure 10.As shown in Figure 8, target echo signal and frequency modulation Step Frequency local vibration source delay inequality are zero, go oblique demodulation effect best, and RMS is maximum; Along with delay inequality increases, RMS obviously descends.When delay inequality during greater than 3us, therefore RMS about 10dB that descends, must carry out necessary repair to target echo signal and frequency modulation Step Frequency local vibration source delay inequality when going rake to press to process.Fig. 9 is that the simulation of target echo signal numeric field realizes block diagram.
Frequency modulation Step Frequency local vibration source is and the shipborne radar frequency modulation stepped frequency signal coherent that receives and the broadband signal of synchronising frequency hopping, both stepping carrier frequency differ a fixed frequency, major function is to finish oblique mixing with the shipborne radar broadband signal that receives, produce the intermediate-freuqncy signal of a fixed frequency, simultaneously can with comprise analogue echoes signal uppermixing by target velocity, distance, amplitude information to the x wave band by being gone out by the radar simulator aerial radiation.Frequency modulation Step Frequency local vibration source realization block diagram of the present invention is seen Fig. 5, produce synchronously two path control signal by the FPGA module, one tunnel control DDS chip produces the linear FM signal in cycle, one tunnel control phaselocked loop and the stepped frequency signal in comprehensive generation cycle, two paths of signals carries out the frequency modulation stepped frequency signal that mixing produces low frequency behind signal condition, signal condition mainly is comprised of signal filter circuit and intermediate frequency amplifier circuit.Fig. 6 is that linear FM signal realizes block diagram.
Linear FM signal hardware is realized block diagram spare Figure 11, utilize computer-aided design (CAD), produce accurately signal sampling value, deposit among the PC with binary form, by B4013E FPGA control the I/Q data of storing in the PC are loaded into respectively in two SRAM dynamic storagies, send among the DDS9957 with the data stream of 60MHz again.FPGA enables by address wire, data line, degree/write and the frequency update signal is controlled DDS9957 mode of operation and parameter setting, and DDS9957 of the present invention is operated in the linear frequency modulation pattern, the chirp string of output designated parameter.Linear FM signal produces control flow chart and sees Figure 12, when DDS9957 is carried out initialization, at first utilize reset signal that the DDS chip is carried out initialization, make the AD9957 internal register recover default value, then under writing enable signal control, the linear frequency modulation control word is write in the corresponding register buffer zone by the parallel port, provide one tunnel frequency update signal by FPGA after treating all to write, the control word in the buffer zone is sent among the DDS synchronously at this moment, and AD9957 begins output signal.Realize FM signal pulse output, need to be with periodically zero setting of phase accumulator.When pulse began, existing to the reset of phase place zero clearing control bit, DDS began to export FM signal; When pulse need to stop, giving the set of phase place zero clearing control bit, when the rising edge of update signal arrives, remove synchronously phase accumulator, stop linear FM signal output.When treating that next pulse begins, repeat the output that said process just can be realized the FM signal train of impulses, and the start-phase of each pulse is to start from scratch, thereby guaranteed the consistance of phase place.
Stepped frequency signal hardware realization block diagram is seen Figure 13, utilize equally computer-aided design (CAD), produce accurately signal sampling value, deposit among the PC with binary form, by B4013E FPGA control the I/Q data of storing in the PC are loaded into respectively in two SRAM dynamic storagies, respectively two-way I/Q data are sent in the DDS9954 chip with the data stream of 100MHz again.By FPGA DDS9954 chip configuration RAM control model, and the frequency word that baseband signal DC～50MHz is corresponding writes the RAM district, enable the continuous circulation mode of operation, but DDS9954 is continuous circulation output stepped frequency signal just, and this signal carries out orthogonal modulation with HMC497LP4 after AD8001, AD8132 and SMU304A carry out differential amplification and intermediate frequency filtering.Special-purpose frequently combining produces 0～1200MHz, and stepping 75MHz broadband signal is exported as HMC497LP4 quadrature modulator carrier wave through 16: 1 selector switch PL015.The switching of control local oscillation signal, the local oscillator of change quadrature modulator can make the bandwidth of output signal reach 1.3GHz.Stepped frequency signal produces control flow chart and sees Figure 14, and details are as follows with this process flow diagram:
Behind 1 electrification reset, the DDS9954 initialization, FPGA configuration DDS9954 is the RAM segment register;
2 data that will export the stepped frequency signal of designated parameter write the RAM district and activate;
3 select suitable RAM mode of operation;
4 start DDS9954, circulation output stepped frequency signal.
X wave band point is the source frequently: FSS-27, this local frequency stepping: 1MHz are adopted in x wave band spot-frequency local oscillation of the present invention source; Noise restraint 〉=60dBc; The single-side belt phase noise :≤-90dBc/Hz@10kHz; Output power 〉=13dBm; Harmonic wave inhibition degree 〉=30dBc can satisfy the designing requirement of frequency modulation stepping local vibration source of the present invention.
High-resolution radar signal imitation module is divided into DRFM module and target echo analog module, and major function is to finish the radar target communication distance of reception, velocity information simulation.DRFM digital RF storage finish to intermediate-freuqncy signal sample, Serial No. storage and waveform reconstruction and be transformed into analog form, the DRFM circuit is realized block diagram such as Figure 15, mainly comprises bandpass filtering, A/D converter, data-carrier store, D/A converter.DRFM carries out the A/D sampling to the shipborne radar intermediate-freuqncy signal of going to produce after the oblique mixing with frequency modulation Step Frequency local vibration source that transmits, and the middle frequency sequence after the sampling is input to the FPGA module and carries out range on target signal, amplitude and Doppler modulation.Clock control circuit provides DRFM clock and sequential, makes its circuit coordinates work.AD and D/A converter are respectively SAD948 8-bit High-Speed AD converter and 8 DA converters of SDA9713RH.RAM storer model is SM7C1041 SRAM, this memory construction form: 256k * 16bit; Maximum access time≤20ns; Supply voltage: 5V; Small letter cycling time 〉=20ns; Maximum source current≤230mA; Maximum power dissipation: 1430mW; Input high level: 2.2～V
CC+ 0.5V; Input low level :-0.5～0.8V.
The intermediate frequency Serial No. that the target echo analog module is mainly finished sampling carries out amplitude, distance modulated and Doppler modulation, and data result re-entered among the DRFM, thereby finish the wideband echoes signal with high-resolution radar characteristic, target echo signal numeric field simulation realization block diagram is seen Figure 16, and the simulation of target echo signal numeric field realizes that block diagram partly is comprised of range unit, data latches and the Doppler modulation of M series winding.Shift register is realized the amplitude of echo cell signal is modulated among the figure, postpones summitor with k the sampling time of delay after the signal of upper range unit output and the addition of this range unit shift register output signal and passes to next range unit; Doppler modulation part by counter, table look-up, Hilbert transformer, two multipliers and a totalizer consist of, Hilbert transformer produces the burst with range unit output signal quadrature, with counter with table look-up that to produce frequency be f
dThe quadrature two paths of signals rear phase Calais of multiplying each other respectively realize the Doppler modulation function, the target velocity that will simulate (numeral) at first is stored in the ROM storer, then data are read with I/Q two-way orthogonal signal in program is tabled look-up ROM, delay addition in the target echo analog module and hilbert transform circuit adopt a slice FPGA programming to realize, after the target echo signal Digital Modulation is finished in the output frequency sequence send into DRFM.The present invention realizes that by the FPGA programming split-second precision postpones, and can reach the time delay of 400ns～1ms, thereby can simulate 120m～150km target range, and target velocity can be simulated 6000m/s.
The ROM storer of tabling look-up is HWD27C040, maximum the standby current :≤1mA (TTL) of this chip ,≤100 μ A (CMOS); Version: 512k * 8bit; Maximum access time≤120ns; Source voltage: 4.5～5.5V; Maximum source current≤80mA; Input high level 〉=2.4V; Input low level≤0.8V; Output high level 〉=2.4V; Output low level≤0.4V.
Claims (1)
1. broadband coherent radar target simulator is characterized in that: it is that Target Scatter Model, target echo delay compensation, frequency modulation Step Frequency local vibration source, high-resolution radar signal imitation module form by receiving end, transmitting terminal, power splitter, down-conversion mixer, upper frequency mixer, transient measurement receiver, dsp processor, jamming modulator, PC; Shipborne radar emission x wave band frequency modulation stepped frequency signal, radar simulator receives this frequency modulation stepped frequency signal by electromagnetic horn, frequency modulation Step Frequency local vibration source produces the x wave band, bandwidth is the 1.3G local oscillation signal, after going tiltedly, lower mixing produces intermediate-freuqncy signal, this intermediate-freuqncy signal is divided into two-way through power splitter, and one the tunnel gives the transient measurement receiver finishes measurement to radar carrier frequency signal, radar pulse repetition period, pulsewidth, pulse amplitude parameter; One the tunnel gives the simulation that high-resolution radar signal imitation module is finished high resolving power one dimension target distance image; High-resolution radar signal imitation module is comprised of DRFM module and target echo signal analog module, the DRFM module is finished echo signal sampling, Serial No. storage, the Serial No. that the target echo signal analog module is finished the DRFM module stores carries out distance modulated, amplitude modulation(PAM) and Doppler modulation, and the result is sent back in the DRFM module; The target echo delay compensation solves the increase of going the slope time delay, pulse pressure major-minor specific damping problem, and the intermediate-freuqncy signal through compensating is sent to jamming modulator; The radar parameter that the transient measurement receiver is measured draws best cheating interference and gives jamming modulator with the result after being processed by dsp processor, and high resolving power one dimension target distance image modulates rear by jamming modulator and frequency modulation Step Frequency local vibration source uppermixing is gone out to shipboard radiation through the radio-frequency head loudspeaker; PC is that Target Scatter Model provides all types of target scattering model for radar simulator, control simultaneously target echo signal analog module and jamming modulator co-ordination, simulation has produced wideband radar echo target, cheating interference signal or the two composite signal, because same local vibration source is adopted in uppermixing/lower mixing, the radar echo signal of playback and radar emission signal coherent satisfy the technical requirement of shipborne radar echo coherent;
Described receiving end is that model is the LB-80180 Broadband Horn Antenna, its function is the frequency modulation stepped frequency signal that radar simulator passes through the carrier-borne wideband radar emission of antenna reception, the frequency modulation stepped frequency signal enters the simulation that radar simulator is finished range on target signal, speed, links to each other by low loss cable between simulator and the antenna;
Described transmitting terminal is that model is the LB-80180 Broadband Horn Antenna, and its function is that the radar simulator intermediate-freuqncy signal is gone out by the transmitting terminal aerial radiation behind uppermixing;
Described power splitter is that model is XTGP-A0234 broadband two road power splitters, and it divides two-way with the intermediate-freuqncy signal merit of lower mixing, and one the tunnel is sent to the transient measurement receiver finishes measurement to radar carrier frequency signal, radar pulse repetition period, pulsewidth, pulse amplitude parameter; One the tunnel gives the simulation that high-resolution radar signal imitation module is finished high resolving power one dimension target distance image;
Described down-conversion mixer is that model is the WHSP105 broadband mixer, and frequency modulation Step Frequency local vibration source goes oblique mixing with the carrier-borne wideband radar signal that receives, and the intermediate-freuqncy signal of exporting after the mixing is the narrow band signal of single-frequency;
Described upper frequency mixer is that model is the WHB52 broadband mixer, include the intermediate-freuqncy signal of radar target distance and velocity information and frequency modulation Step Frequency local vibration source carry out producing behind the uppermixing of broadband target echo signal via radar simulator transmitting terminal aerial radiation to carrier-borne broad-band high-resolution radar;
Described dsp processor model is TMS320VC33, described transient measurement receiver model is DIFM080120, the function of described dsp processor, transient measurement receiver, these three kinds of parts of jamming modulator is that the transient measurement receiver is finished the measurement to each parameter of radar target signal, comprise the CF signal measurement, radar repetition period, pulsewidth, frequency modulation stepping bandwidth parameter; When shipborne radar work and radiation signal, calculate the relevant information of shipborne radar after the passive reception of radar simulator; After radar parameter is processed by dsp processor, to doing amplitude modulation(PAM) and phase-modulation after the digital pulse signal time-delay of storing in the DRFM module, draw the decision-making relevant with best cheating interference effect with the cheating interference mode, finish cheating interference task to radar according to the result of dsp processor control jamming modulator, modulation realizes by complex multiplication;
Described PC is that Target Scatter Model is the desktop PC that Target Scatter Model database and steering order interface are housed, it provides jamming modulator to open the interference instruction and for high-resolution radar signal imitation module provides Target Scatter Model, Target Scatter Model reads from the PC database; Jamming modulator is opened to disturb and is carried out manual control by PC, and Target Scatter Model is Swerling I, II, III, IV Targets Four types;
Described target echo delay compensation is finished target echo signal and the frequency modulation Step Frequency local vibration source delay inequality of DRFM module simulation, delay inequality is along with the target echo signal time-delay changes and changes, on going the major-minor ratio impact of oblique digital pulse compression, the target echo time delay is made of time discriminator, controller and trace pulse generator and waveform shaping circuit, time discriminator is that DRFM frequency pulse and the pulse of frequency modulation local vibration source are compared in time, identifies the time difference between them; When the DRFM frequency pulse overlaps in time with the pulse of frequency modulation local vibration source, output error voltage is zero; The effect of controller is through conversion with error voltage, with the input signal of its output as control trace pulse generator, delay inequality is changed to the direction that reduces, until system stability is followed the tracks of, thereby alignd as far as possible with the local oscillation signal center in the target echo signal center, frequency mixer is sent in trace pulse generator output pulse behind waveform shaping circuit;
Described frequency modulation Step Frequency local vibration source is and the shipborne radar frequency modulation stepped frequency signal coherent that receives and the broadband signal of synchronising frequency hopping, both stepping carrier frequency differ a fixed frequency, its function is to finish oblique mixing with the shipborne radar broadband signal that receives, produce the intermediate-freuqncy signal of a fixed frequency, to comprise by target velocity simultaneously, distance, the analogue echoes signal uppermixing of amplitude information by being gone out by the radar simulator aerial radiation, will produce one and shipborne radar emission signal frequency to the x wave band at last, time-sloped identical and the time wide local oscillation signal when being wider than transponder pulse; This frequency modulation Step Frequency local vibration source produces two path control signal synchronously by the FPGA module, one tunnel control DDS chip produces the linear FM signal in cycle, one tunnel control DDS chip and the stepped frequency signal in frequently comprehensive generation cycle, two paths of signals carries out the frequency modulation stepped frequency signal that mixing produces low frequency behind signal condition, signal condition is comprised of signal filter circuit and intermediate frequency amplifier circuit, and the low frequency frequency modulation stepped frequency signal of output carries out the radio-frequency range frequency modulation Step Frequency local vibration source that uppermixing produces to be needed with x wave band spot-frequency local oscillation source after filtering is processed; Linear FM signal realizes adopting the structure of FPGA+DDS chip, by the corresponding control register generation linear FM signal of FPGA block configuration DDS chip; At first the FPGA module generates baseband signal according to host command and by the DDS chip baseband signal is modulated to intermediate frequency again, involves after filtration intermediate frequency after the output again and amplifies, and whole signal production process is realized finishing at numeric field; Stepped frequency signal is realized the structure of the same FPGA+DDS of employing chip, is designed to two signalling channels, uses quadrature modulation method to produce single sideband singal, and guarantees higher image frequency/carrier leak rejection ratio; Digital baseband circuit produces the I/Q two-way digital orthogonal baseband signal of 0～50MHz, and changes the stepped frequency signal that spot-frequency local oscillation obtains high broadband by selector switch;
Described high-resolution radar signal imitation module is comprised of DRFM module and target echo signal analog module, interconnect therebetween, the DRFM module at first stores among the RAM to the intermediate frequency analog signal sampling and with data, the target echo signal analog module extracts data among the RAM, it is carried out amplitude, distance modulated and Doppler modulation and data result is re-entered in the DRFM module, thereby finish the wideband echoes signal with high-resolution radar characteristic; The DRFM module is carried out the A/D sampling to the shipborne radar intermediate-freuqncy signal of going to produce after the oblique mixing with frequency modulation Step Frequency local vibration source that transmits, and the middle frequency sequence after the sampling is input to the FPGA module and carries out range on target signal, amplitude and Doppler modulation; Clock control circuit provides DRFM module clock and sequential, so that circuit coordinates work; The simulation of target echo signal numeric field is by the range unit of M series winding, data latches, shift register, postponing summitor and Doppler modulation partly realizes, shift register is realized the amplitude of echo cell signal is modulated, postpone summitor k sampling time of delay after the signal of upper range unit output and the addition of this range unit shift register output signal passed to next range unit again, the Doppler modulation part is by counter, table look-up, Hilbert transformer, two multipliers and a totalizer consist of, radar simulator takes out target velocity from PC and deposits in after counter calculates digital delay the ROM that tables look-up, Hilbert transformer produces the burst with range unit output signal quadrature, and reads quadrature I with lookup table mode, the Q two paths of signals carries out in the totalizer summation output frequency sequence again and sends into the DRFM module with multiplying each other through the target echo signal of Digital Modulation.
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| JP2667637B2 (en) * | 1994-05-16 | 1997-10-27 | 防衛庁技術研究本部長 | Radar / target wave simulator |
| CN102183742B (en) * | 2011-01-12 | 2013-05-29 | 中国人民解放军海军航空工程学院青岛分院 | Coherent radar target echo signal simulating method and device |
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| DE102016121296A1 (en) * | 2016-11-08 | 2018-05-09 | HELLA GmbH & Co. KGaA | Apparatus and method for simulating radar targets |
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