CN102588656A - 高压调节阀 - Google Patents

高压调节阀 Download PDF

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CN102588656A
CN102588656A CN2011104625446A CN201110462544A CN102588656A CN 102588656 A CN102588656 A CN 102588656A CN 2011104625446 A CN2011104625446 A CN 2011104625446A CN 201110462544 A CN201110462544 A CN 201110462544A CN 102588656 A CN102588656 A CN 102588656A
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valve
armature
operating element
valve body
septum
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H·布尔卡特
W·迈瓦尔德
R·赫尔曼
F·策拉诺
R·海因格
K·席斯
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Kendrion Binder Magnete GmbH
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M63/00—Other fuel-injection apparatus having pertinent characteristics not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00; Details, component parts, or accessories of fuel-injection apparatus, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M39/00 - F02M61/00 or F02M67/00; Combination of fuel pump with other devices, e.g. lubricating oil pump
    • F02M63/0012—Valves
    • F02M63/0014—Valves characterised by the valve actuating means
    • F02M63/0015—Valves characterised by the valve actuating means electrical, e.g. using solenoid
    • F02M63/0017—Valves characterised by the valve actuating means electrical, e.g. using solenoid using electromagnetic operating means
    • F02M63/0021—Valves characterised by the valve actuating means electrical, e.g. using solenoid using electromagnetic operating means characterised by the arrangement of mobile armatures
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M63/00—Other fuel-injection apparatus having pertinent characteristics not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00; Details, component parts, or accessories of fuel-injection apparatus, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M39/00 - F02M61/00 or F02M67/00; Combination of fuel pump with other devices, e.g. lubricating oil pump
    • F02M63/0012—Valves
    • F02M63/0031—Valves characterized by the type of valves, e.g. special valve member details, valve seat details, valve housing details
    • F02M63/0033—Lift valves, i.e. having a valve member that moves perpendicularly to the plane of the valve seat
    • F02M63/0036—Lift valves, i.e. having a valve member that moves perpendicularly to the plane of the valve seat with spherical or partly spherical shaped valve member ends
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M63/00—Other fuel-injection apparatus having pertinent characteristics not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00; Details, component parts, or accessories of fuel-injection apparatus, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M39/00 - F02M61/00 or F02M67/00; Combination of fuel pump with other devices, e.g. lubricating oil pump
    • F02M63/0012—Valves
    • F02M63/0031—Valves characterized by the type of valves, e.g. special valve member details, valve seat details, valve housing details
    • F02M63/005—Pressure relief valves
    • F02M63/0052—Pressure relief valves with means for adjusting the opening pressure, e.g. electrically controlled
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M63/00—Other fuel-injection apparatus having pertinent characteristics not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00; Details, component parts, or accessories of fuel-injection apparatus, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M39/00 - F02M61/00 or F02M67/00; Combination of fuel pump with other devices, e.g. lubricating oil pump
    • F02M63/0012—Valves
    • F02M63/007—Details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of the groups F02M63/0014 - F02M63/0059
    • F02M63/0071—Details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of the groups F02M63/0014 - F02M63/0059 characterised by guiding or centering means in valves including the absence of any guiding means, e.g. "flying arrangements"
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M63/00—Other fuel-injection apparatus having pertinent characteristics not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00; Details, component parts, or accessories of fuel-injection apparatus, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M39/00 - F02M61/00 or F02M67/00; Combination of fuel pump with other devices, e.g. lubricating oil pump
    • F02M63/0012—Valves
    • F02M63/007—Details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of the groups F02M63/0014 - F02M63/0059
    • F02M63/0077—Valve seat details
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M63/00—Other fuel-injection apparatus having pertinent characteristics not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00; Details, component parts, or accessories of fuel-injection apparatus, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M39/00 - F02M61/00 or F02M67/00; Combination of fuel pump with other devices, e.g. lubricating oil pump
    • F02M63/02—Fuel-injection apparatus having several injectors fed by a common pumping element, or having several pumping elements feeding a common injector; Fuel-injection apparatus having provisions for cutting-out pumps, pumping elements, or injectors; Fuel-injection apparatus having provisions for variably interconnecting pumping elements and injectors alternatively
    • F02M63/0225—Fuel-injection apparatus having a common rail feeding several injectors ; Means for varying pressure in common rails; Pumps feeding common rails
    • F02M63/023—Means for varying pressure in common rails
    • F02M63/0235—Means for varying pressure in common rails by bleeding fuel pressure
    • F02M63/025—Means for varying pressure in common rails by bleeding fuel pressure from the common rail
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K31/00—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices
    • F16K31/02—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices electric; magnetic
    • F16K31/06—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices electric; magnetic using a magnet, e.g. diaphragm valves, cutting off by means of a liquid
    • F16K31/0644—One-way valve
    • F16K31/0655—Lift valves
    • F16K31/0665—Lift valves with valve member being at least partially ball-shaped
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M2200/00—Details of fuel-injection apparatus, not otherwise provided for
    • F02M2200/02—Fuel-injection apparatus having means for reducing wear
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M2200/00—Details of fuel-injection apparatus, not otherwise provided for
    • F02M2200/04—Fuel-injection apparatus having means for avoiding effect of cavitation, e.g. erosion

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Magnetically Actuated Valves (AREA)

Abstract

一种高压调节阀(1)，包括：带有入口(20)和出口(21)的阀体(2)；密封元件(4)，其作用在阀座(3)上，阀座(3)在阀体(2)上设置在入口(20)和出口(21)之间并且具有阀孔(30)；操作元件(5)，其沿纵轴线可运动地支承并且可由适当构造的电磁铁(6)操作，其中电磁铁(6)的衔铁(62)和操作元件(5)构造为不连接的分开的结构元件。

Description

高压调节阀
技术领域
本发明涉及一种根据权利要求1的前序部分的高压调节阀。
背景技术
这种高压调节阀从现有技术中公知例如用于共轨发动机内的压力调节。
液体的高压调节一般通过球配合阀进行。它们通常以电磁方式控制。现有技术的以电磁方式操作的高压调节阀通常如下构造，一个例子在图3中表示。
高压调节阀1具有带入口20和出口21的阀体2。其中在入口侧例如在共轨发动机的应用领域内当前存在直到2400巴的压力。在入口20和出口21之间设置阀座3，一个使入口20和出口21连接的阀孔30导引穿过该阀座。阀孔30在出口侧可通过密封元件4密封，所述密封元件通常构造为密封球。为此密封球4可通过阀销5压在阀座3上。阀座3由于由密封球4作用的提高的负荷用淬火的钢制造。由于成本的原因，其余的阀体2用非硬化的材料制造。
出口21通过径向孔23在阀体2的出口侧形成。为实现阀1的尽可能紧凑的结构形式，径向孔23尽可能近地设置在阀座3的下方。通过这种构造方式，在阀座3和出口孔23之间构成一个凸肩22，其在安装阀1时传递用于张紧阀座3所需要的力。
阀销5通过在出口侧设置的电磁操作单元6可沿它的纵轴线运动。操作单元6通常由一个在线圈架60上设置的可通电的线圈61和一个可通过产生的磁场操作的衔铁62构成。衔铁62和阀销5彼此焊接或者压接，并且这样彼此固定连接。此外，衔铁62在阀1的关闭方向上借助压力弹簧68预张紧，使得阀1在线圈61不通电的状态下关闭。
衔铁62和压力弹簧68在后侧支承在套管77内，所述套管例如通过焊接环66固定在阀体2上。阀销5在套管77内通过支承套管69相对于套管77定心地保持。阀销5容纳在阀体2的纵向孔内。
在该纵向孔内，阀销在前侧通过一个通过阀体2的环绕的突起构成的支承部73定中心。全部支承元件必须高精度地加工并且与应视为另一个支承的阀孔30的出口侧的孔对准。通过总共三个支承彼此排成一列，由衔铁62、阀销5、阀体2和阀座3组成的系统在静力学上过定位(überbestimmt)，使得一旦不保持对准，就出现作用在密封球4上的径向力，其导致阀1的泄漏或者阀销5或者衔铁62被夹住。
另外的从现有技术知晓的高压调节阀1例如具有一个不对称的衔铁62，其由于它的几何形状结构已经将倾覆力矩引入到由衔铁62和阀销5组成的系统中。也就是说在这种已知的阀中本身在精确的支承方面产生问题，例如夹住衔铁62或者阀销5。
此外已知一种高压调节阀1，其中由衔铁62和阀销5组成的固定连接的系统的支承仅通过阀销5在阀体2的纵向孔中的引导实现。在这种已知的阀1中，通过在衔铁62上不对称的力作用(例如由于在衔铁和阀销5之间有缺陷的正交性引起)而产生倾覆力矩，该倾覆力矩然后作用到阀销5上。此外，不能够精确地支承衔铁62并且由此不能调节系统的阻尼。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于：提供不具有上述问题的高压调节阀供使用。
该目的通过具有权利要求1的特征的高压调节阀实现。有利的扩展结构是从属权利要求的主题。
本发明的高压调节阀具有带入口和出口的阀体，其中密封元件作用在阀座上，阀座在阀体上设置在入口和出口之间并且具有阀孔。设有操作元件，其沿其纵轴线可运动地支承并且可由适当构造的电磁铁操作。根据本发明，电磁铁的衔铁和操作元件构造为不连接的分开的结构元件。
通过这种结构，能够实现操作元件和电磁铁之间的脱接，使得在电磁铁的区域内或者在电磁铁和阀体之间的连接区域内的加工技术的误差不传递到操作元件上。此外实现，仅在操作元件的支承和阀孔之间的高精确的对准是必需的，以便特别在衔铁和阀体之间的对准能够具有提高的容差。因为带有阀孔的阀座以及阀体中的用于操作元件的滑动轴承的纵向孔在一道加工工序中制造，所以该系统能够用小的公差加工，使得在系统的在静力学上的过定位的情况下也不会出现负面的影响。
当操作元件构造为阀销时，能够在阀体的纵向孔中实现操作元件的特别简单的支承。
此外，当衔铁和操作元件构造为不连接的分开的元件时，还能够单独地支承衔铁和操作元件。以这种方式能够实现，一方面衔铁在套管内高精度地且例如被阻尼地支撑，同时把操作元件亦即阀销关于阀座和阀孔精确地支撑。在套管与阀体连接时存在的偏差或者加工公差以这种方式不传递到密封元件和阀座上，使得能够实现阀的提高的可靠性和密封性。
优选阀销支承在阀体的构造为滑动轴承的纵向孔内，使得尤其是避免关于在阀座内设置的孔的径向偏差。
此外，以这种方式能够把衔铁支承在构造为滑动轴承的套管内，其同时可以如此构造，使得可调节衔铁的阻尼。能够以这种方式将操作元件在衔铁的方向上作用的压力冲击在衔铁套管内减震，并且由此避免系统发生振动。
附图说明
下面参照附图详细说明本发明。
图1示出本发明的高压调节阀的横截面图；
图2示出在图1的阀的衔铁和阀销之间的接口的放大视图；
图3表示按照现有技术的高压调节阀的截面图(已详述)。
具体实施方式
图1表示本发明的高压调节阀1的横截面。高压调节阀1基本上由围绕纵轴线旋转对称构造的带有入口20以及出口21的阀体2构成。在入口20和出口21之间在阀体2内压入一个用淬火的钢制造的阀座3，其具有使入口20与出口21连接的阀孔30。出口21在本实施例中通过径向延伸的孔23在阀体2内构成。
阀孔30的出口侧末端可通过密封元件4关闭，其在本实施例中构造为密封球。作用在密封球4上的关闭力通过在本实施例中构造为阀销的操作元件5从后侧传递到在阀体2上设置的操作单元6，所述操作单元在本实施例中构造为电磁铁。阀销5容纳和支承在沿阀体2的纵轴线延伸的并且构造成滑动轴承75的孔中。阀销5的长度如此确定，使得它在后侧伸入到套管77内，在套管77内支承电磁铁68的衔铁62。套管77通过焊接环66与阀体2环绕地连接。此外，衔铁62通过压力弹簧68在阀的关闭方向上被施加弹簧力，使得阀1在电磁铁6的未通电的状态下直至通过压力弹簧68的弹簧力决定的压力被关闭。
用于操作衔铁62的电磁铁6由在圆周上包围阀体2以及套管77的线圈61构成，所述线圈设置在线圈架60上。线圈架60和线圈61共同容纳在外壳63内，该外壳63与阀体2连接。如果液体的在入口侧存在的压力超过通过压力弹簧68的弹簧力预先设定的最大压力，则需要另外给线圈61通电，使得磁铁力支持弹簧力而保持阀1关闭。线圈的通电可通过侧向向外引导的接线触点64进行。
在制造高压调节阀1时，通常在一道处理工序中制造带有滑动轴承75的阀体2和带有阀孔30的阀座3，使得这些构件能够高精度对准并且以很小的加工公差制造。容纳在滑动轴承75内的阀销5因此关于阀孔能够非常精确地支承，使得为了关闭高压调节阀1能够几乎排除在密封球4上的径向施加的力分量。
图2放大示出衔铁62在套管77内的容纳部以及对于在容纳滑动轴承75内的阀销5的接口。图2中的视图与图1相比逆时针旋转90度。
在该图中能够特别清楚地看到，衔铁62在套管77内通过一个另外的支承衬套79支承。衔铁62的这种支承仅通过在衔铁62和阀销5之间的脱接才可能，因为否则例如在套管77和阀体2之间的可能通过在焊接环66上焊接产生的角度偏差传递到阀销5上。此外，能够通过支承衬套79调节支承件62的阻尼，使得减小整个系统的振动，该振动能够传递到液体循环。
附图标记列表
1    高压调节阀
2    阀体
3    阀座
4    密封元件
5    操作元件
6    操作装置
20   入口
21   出口
22   凸肩
23    开孔/孔
30    阀孔
60    线圈架
61    线圈
62    衔铁
63    外壳
64    接线触点
66    焊接
68    压力弹簧
69    支承套管
71    支承件
73    支承件
75    滑动轴承
77    套管
79    支承衬套

Claims (6)

1.高压调节阀(1)，包括：
具有入口(20)和出口(21)的阀体(2)，
密封元件(4)，所述密封元件作用在阀座(3)上，所述阀座在阀体(2)上设置在入口(20)和出口(21)之间并且具有阀孔(30)，
操作元件(5)，所述操作元件沿纵轴线可运动地支承并且能够由适当构造的电磁铁(6)操作，
其特征在于，
电磁铁(6)的衔铁(62)和操作元件(5)构造为不连接的分开的结构元件。
2.根据权利要求1所述的高压调节阀(1)，其特征在于，
操作元件(5)构造为阀销。
3.根据上述权利要求之一所述的高压调节阀(1)，其特征在于，
衔铁(62)和操作元件(5)单独地支承。
4.根据上述权利要求之一所述的高压调节阀(1)，其特征在于，
阀销(5)支承在阀体(2)的构造为滑动轴承(75)的纵向孔内。
5.根据上述权利要求之一所述的高压调节阀(1)，其特征在于，
衔铁(62)支承在构造有滑动轴承(79)的套管(77)内。
6.根据权利要求5所述的高压调节阀(1)，其特征在于，
滑动轴承(79)构造成使得能调节衔铁(62)的阻尼。
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