CN102576771B - 染料敏化太阳能电池模块制造方法及染料敏化太阳能电池 - Google Patents
染料敏化太阳能电池模块制造方法及染料敏化太阳能电池 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及利用了箔的染料敏化太阳能电池模块的制造方法及由此制造的染料敏化太阳能电池,涉及在将包括相对配置的作用极基板和催化极基板以及填充于这些基板之间的电解质的染料敏化太阳能电池集成而形成染料敏化太阳能电池模块的制造方法中其特征如下的、利用了箔的染料敏化太阳能电池模块的制造方法及由此制造的染料敏化太阳能电池。该特征为,作用极基板与催化极基板的电极之间的电连接,通过在两基板电极的相对部分之间插入金属箔,并将两基板相互接触地挤压之后,对金属箔进行通电熔化而实现两基板电极之间的结合。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及利用了箔的染料敏化太阳能电池模块的制造方法及由此制造的染料敏化太阳能电池,涉及在集成染料敏化太阳能电池时能够使电极之间的电接触均匀且优良,因而阻止染料敏化太阳能电池的集成时产生的电极之间的接触电阻增加从而改进太阳能电池的效率的、利用了箔的染料敏化太阳能电池模块的制造方法及由此制造的染料敏化太阳能电池。
背景技术
1991年瑞士国立洛桑高等技术学院(EPFL)的迈克尔格莱才尔(MichaelGratzel)的研究小组开发了染料敏化纳米粒子氧化钛太阳能电池后,进行了很多关于该领域的研究。染料敏化太阳能电池与现有的硅系太阳能电池相比制造成本显著低,因而具有能够代替现有的非晶质硅系太阳能电池的可能性,且不同于硅系太阳能电池,染料敏化太阳能电池是以能够通过吸收可见光而生成电子-空穴对的染料分子和传递所生成的电子的过渡金属氧化物为主要组成材料的光电化学太阳能电池。
通常的染料敏化太阳能电池的单位电池构造基本地具备上、下部透明的基板(通常为玻璃)和分别在该透明基板的表面形成的由透明导电性氧化物(TCO)构成的导电性透明电极,具有在相当于第一电极(作用极)的一侧的导电性透明电极上在其表面形成吸附有染料的过渡金属氧化物多孔质层,在相当于第二电极(催化极)的另一侧导电性透明电极上形成催化薄膜电极(主要为Pt),并在上述过渡金属氧化物例如TiO2多孔质电极与催化薄膜电极之间填充有电解质的构造。即、染料敏化太阳能电池基本地由向在涂覆了附着有受光而产生电子的染料的光电极(TiO2)材料的作用极基板与供给电子的催化极基板之间氧化的染料供给电子的电解质构成。
但在具有这种构造的染料敏化太阳能电池中,为了生产工业上可利用的电,需要进行相互连接各个电池而形成一个组装体(对此的具体的例子如在图1所图示),并相互连接这些由多个电池构成的组装体的模块化。
因此,为了实现这种各电池间的电连接以及组装体之间的电连接,需要在上述作用极基板与催化极基板的电极之间实现电连接,为此,如在图2所图示,通常使用的方法是在电极之间涂布银(Ag)糊剂,并将糊剂相互连接。
但如在图2所图示,这种方法在银糊剂的涂布不均匀或者接合不紧密的情况下,存在因产生接触电阻而降低染料敏化太阳能电池模块的效率的问题。
因此,现状是切实要求开发在这些电连接部位的电连接中能够使接触电阻最小化并能够实现均匀的接触的制造方法。
发明内容
技术课题
为了解决如上所述的问题,本发明的目的是提供一种利用了箔的染料敏化太阳能电池模块的制造方法及由此制造的染料敏化太阳能电池,在集成染料敏化太阳能电池时能够使电极之间的电接触均匀且优良,因而阻止染料敏化太阳能电池的集成时产生的电极之间的接触电阻增加从而改进太阳能电池的效率。
课题解决手段
为了达到上述目的,本发明在将包括相对配置的作用极基板和催化极基板以及填充于这些基板之间的电解质的染料敏化太阳能电池集成而形成染料敏化太阳能电池模块的制造方法中,提供一种其特征如下的利用了箔的染料敏化太阳能电池模块的制造方法,该特征为,上述作用极基板与催化极基板的电极之间的电连接,通过在上述两基板电极的相对部分之间插入金属箔,并将上述两基板相互接触地挤压之后,对上述金属箔进行通电熔化而实现上述两基板电极之间的结合。
另外,本发明在将包括相对配置的作用极基板和催化极基板以及填充于这些基板之间的电解质的染料敏化太阳能电池集成而形成染料敏化太阳能电池模块中,提供一种其特征如下的利用了箔的染料敏化太阳能电池模块,该特征为,上述作用极基板与催化极基板的电极之间的电连接包括接触于上述电极之间而配置的金属箔的通电熔化物的凝固体。
发明效果
根据本发明的利用了箔的染料敏化太阳能电池模块的制造方法及由此制造的染料敏化太阳能电池,在集成染料敏化太阳能电池时能够使电极之间的电接触均匀且优良,因而阻止染料敏化太阳能电池的集成时产生的电极之间的接触电阻增加从而能够得到改进太阳能电池的效果。
附图说明
图1是概略地图示了对于集成有多个通常的染料敏化太阳能电池的组装体的一实施例的剖面的图。
图2是以剖面为基准概略地图示了现有的染料敏化太阳能电池组装体之间的电连接方法的图。
图3是以剖面为基准概略地图示了对于本发明的利用了箔的染料敏化太阳能电池模块的制造方法的一实施例的图。
图4是以剖面为基准概略地图示了对于本发明的利用了箔的染料敏化太阳能电池模块的制造方法的另一实施例的图。
符号说明
10a—上表面玻璃基板(催化极),10b—下表面玻璃基板(作用极),20a—上表面TCO层(催化极),20b—下表面TCO层(作用极),30—催化层(催化电极,主要为Pt),40—电解质,50—染料+过渡金属氧化物层,60—密封部,70—电池间电连接,80—电池间密封部,100—金属箔,110—金属箔的通电凝固体,200—导电体(金属糊剂)。
具体实施方式
下面参照附图详细说明本发明。
本发明涉及利用了箔的染料敏化太阳能电池模块的制造方法,在将包括相对配置的作用极基板10b、20b、50和催化极基板10a、20a、30以及填充于这些基板之间的电解质40的染料敏化太阳能电池集成而形成的染料敏化太阳能电池模块的制造方法中,上述作用极基板与催化极基板的电极之间(20b与20a之间或20b与30之间)的电连接具有如下构成,即、在上述两基板电极的相对部分之间插入金属箔100,并将上述两基板相互接触地挤压之后,对上述金属箔100通电而使该金属箔100熔化从而能够实现上述两基板电极之间的结合。
即、如在图3中所图示的其具体的例,为了将由多个包括相对配置的作用极基板10b、20b、50和催化极基板10a、20a、30以及填充于这些基板之间的电解质40的电池构成的染料敏化太阳能电池模块相互电连接,在相向的电极之间插入金属箔(foil)100,并将上述两基板相互接触地挤压之后,使较强的电流流过上述金属箔100,由于因电阻而引起的金属的加热,瞬间引起金属箔的熔化使得熔化金属均匀地分布在电极之间并凝固,从而能够实现均匀的接合。
如所图示,上述电极之间的接合可以是上下基板的TCO层之间的电连接,在催化层形成到电池之外时还可以是催化层与TCO层(作用极)之间的电连接。而且,如所图示,上述电连接可以是多个电池的组装体之间的电连接,还可以是电池与电池之间的连接。
虽然在图3所图示的情况下薄膜箔图示得较厚,但这是属于便于说明而夸张地图示的情况,实质上插入厚度与箔相当的薄膜,上述金属箔的熔化最好是通过通电的整体箔的瞬间熔化。
而且,为了使上述金属箔的熔化更加容易,最好使箔的厚度更薄,由此使得箔的熔化物更均匀地配置并能够改进wetting特性,为此,在将包括相对配置的作用极基板和催化极基板以及填充于这些基板之间的电解质的染料敏化太阳能电池集成而形成的染料敏化太阳能电池模块的制造方法中,上述作用极基板与催化极基板的电极之间的电连接,可通过在上述两基板电极的相对部分涂覆导电体200,并在上述导电体200之间插入金属箔100且将上述两基板相互接触地挤压之后,对上述金属箔100进行通电熔化以与上述导电体200结合,从而能够实现上述两基板电极之间的结合。
上述导电体可以是通过溅镀等的金属涂覆层,从利于涂布工序的容易性角度来讲最好是金属糊剂。对于上述制造方法的具体的例如在图4所图示。即、在电极的各面涂布银糊剂,并在这些之间插入具有200nm厚度的锡(Sn)金属箔之后将这些挤压并在以2MPa的压强按压结合的在的状态下,对此使9V的电流过,使得金属箔在几毫秒之间瞬间加热到1000℃以上的温度而熔化,如此熔化的熔化物填充导电体各自的微细空隙而使导电体结合,从而减少因导电体之间的接触而引起的接触电阻地结合。
这在前面所说明的制造方法中具有附加导电体的差异,由此使用更薄的箔就能得到紧密的接触。
使用于如上所述的电连接形成方法的金属箔可使用通常的多种导电性金属,从工序的容易性和剩余元件的损伤最小化以及接触电阻的最小化角度来讲,最好是熔点低且对于电极或导电体来讲wetting特性优良的金属。更为理想的是,最好为满足这种条件的锡或锡合金或者铟或铟合金。
如图示,为了上述金属箔的熔化,可以使大量的电瞬间流过金属箔以能够瞬间引起箔整体的熔化。理想的是,通电使用对作业安全且对导电体等其它构成要件不带来影响的范围即1-100V,最好使用5-15V。在为上述范围内的情况下,不仅良好地进行金属箔的熔化还可减少对元件薄膜的损伤。
如上所述,为了利用通电而瞬间熔化箔,箔的厚度约薄越好,但若过薄则无法造出旨在减少接触电阻的足够的量的熔化物,因而最好具有10nm至30μm的厚度。在上述金属箔的厚度过厚的情况下,焊接时间变长且需要施加较大的压力,从而发热量过大且高温持续,因而对电解液也会产生损害,且存在玻璃破损的危险,因此,更为理想的是,上述箔的厚度最好为10nm至2000nm。
而且,为了使金属箔的熔化物均匀地分布在电极面上,需要以一定的压力按压结合体,为此在挤压后引起熔化,为了使向外部挤出的熔化物的量最小化并得到均匀的熔化物的分布,上述用于挤压的压强最好为0.01-10MPa。
而且,上述导电体200在上述金属箔的熔化过程中维持稳定的形态为宜,为此,上述导电体的熔点高于上述金属箔为宜,这在上述导电体为金属糊剂的情况下指包含在其中的金属的熔点,在为银糊剂的情况下指银的熔点高于锡或铟。因此,为了维持稳定性并在结合过程以及结合之后得到电稳定性和较高的电导率,上述导电体最好使用银(Ag)糊剂。
而且,本发明提供由这种制造方法而制造的染料敏化太阳能电池模块,这种染料敏化太阳能电池模块的构造具有:i)在将包括相对配置的作用极基板和催化极基板以及填充于这些基板之间的电解质的染料敏化太阳能电池集成而形成的染料敏化太阳能电池模块中,上述作用极基板与催化极基板的电极之间的电连接包括接触于上述电极之间而配置的金属箔100的通电熔化物的凝固体110;或者,ii)在将包括相对配置的作用极基板和催化极基板以及填充于这些基板之间的电解质的染料敏化太阳能电池集成而形成的染料敏化太阳能电池模块中,上述作用极基板与催化极基板的电极之间的电连接包括分别配置于上述电极之间的接触面上的导电体200以及接触于上述导电体200之间而配置的金属箔的通电熔化物的凝固体110,上述各染料敏化太阳能电池模块的上述金属箔的熔化物的凝固体110各自可由上面所述的制造方法制造。
以上所述的本发明并不限定于前面所述的实施例以及附图,当然,在不超出下述的权利要求书中所记载的本发明的思想和领域的范围内,本领域技术人员所进行的各种修改和变更均包含在本发明的范围内。
产业上利用可能性
根据本发明的利用了箔的染料敏化太阳能电池模块的制造方法及由此制造的染料敏化太阳能电池,在集成染料敏化太阳能电池时能够使电极之间的电接触均匀且优良,因而阻止染料敏化太阳能电池的集成时产生的电极之间的接触电阻增加从而能够得到改进太阳能电池的效果。
Claims (11)
1.一种利用了箔的染料敏化太阳能电池模块的制造方法,该方法将包括相对配置的作用极基板和催化极基板以及填充于这些基板之间的电解质的染料敏化太阳能电池集成而形成染料敏化太阳能电池模块,其特征在于,
上述作用极基板与催化极基板的电极之间的电连接,通过在上述两基板电极的相对部分之间插入金属箔,并将上述两基板相互接触地挤压之后,对上述金属箔进行通电熔化而实现上述两基板电极之间的结合。
2.一种利用了箔的染料敏化太阳能电池模块的制造方法,该方法将包括相对配置的作用极基板和催化极基板以及填充于这些基板之间的电解质的染料敏化太阳能电池集成而形成染料敏化太阳能电池模块,其特征在于,
上述作用极基板与催化极基板的电极之间的电连接,通过在上述两基板电极的相对部分涂覆导电体并在上述导电体之间插入金属箔且将上述两基板相互接触地挤压之后,对上述金属箔进行通电熔化以与上述导电体结合,而实现上述两基板电极之间的结合。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的利用了箔的染料敏化太阳能电池模块的制造方法,其特征在于,
上述金属箔是锡或锡合金或者铟或铟合金的薄板。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的利用了箔的染料敏化太阳能电池模块的制造方法,其特征在于,
上述金属箔的厚度是10nm至30μm。
5.根据权利要求1或2所述的利用了箔的染料敏化太阳能电池模块的制造方法,其特征在于,
上述金属箔的厚度是10nm至2000nm。
6.根据权利要求1或2所述的利用了箔的染料敏化太阳能电池模块的制造方法,其特征在于,
上述通电中使用的电压的范围为1-100V。
7.根据权利要求1或2所述的利用了箔的染料敏化太阳能电池模块的制造方法,其特征在于,
上述挤压的压强为0.01-10MPa。
8.根据权利要求2所述的利用了箔的染料敏化太阳能电池模块的制造方法,其特征在于,
上述导电体是具有比上述金属箔的熔点高的熔点的金属糊剂。
9.根据权利要求8所述的利用了箔的染料敏化太阳能电池模块的制造方法,其特征在于,
上述导电体是银(Ag)糊剂。
10.一种利用了箔的染料敏化太阳能电池模块,该模块将包括相对配置的作用极基板和催化极基板以及填充于这些基板之间的电解质的染料敏化太阳能电池集成而形成,其特征在于,
上述作用极基板与催化极基板的电极之间的电连接的结构如下,
通过在上述两基板电极的相对部分之间插入金属箔,并将上述两基板相互接触地挤压之后,对上述金属箔进行通电熔化而制造金属箔的熔化物的凝固体,利用上述金属箔的熔化物的凝固体实现上述两基板电极之间的结合。
11.一种利用了箔的染料敏化太阳能电池模块,该模块将包括相对配置的作用极基板和催化极基板以及填充于这些基板之间的电解质的染料敏化太阳能电池集成而形成,其特征在于,
上述作用极基板与催化极基板的电极之间的电连接包括:在上述两基板电极的相对部分涂覆的导电体;在上述导电体之间插入金属箔且将上述两基板相互接触地挤压之后,对上述金属箔进行通电熔化而制造的金属箔的熔化物的凝固体,通过结合上述金属箔的熔化物的凝固体与上述导电体,实现上述两基板电极之间的结合。
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