CN102573682A - 固定系统,髓内固定组件及其使用方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
用于骨融合的髓内固定组件,其包含位于髓内固定组件近端的第一构件和位于髓内固定组件远端的第二构件。所述第一构件可滑动地结合到第二构件并提供与第二构件的过盈配合。所述髓内固定组件包含任选的中空螺纹构件,在螺纹构件的外表面具有众多螺纹。
Description
发明领域
本发明涉及骨科植入器械,并且更具体地,涉及用于融合成角度的关节、骨骼和畸形矫正如足的跖骨和趾骨的髓内固定组件。
发明背景
骨科植入器械,如髓内钉、板、杆和螺丝通常被用于修护或重建由外伤、变性、畸形和疾病损伤的骨骼和关节,如一些病人中由糖尿病引起的夏科氏关节病,外翻畸形,失败的Keller囊炎切除术,风湿性关节炎和严重畸形。夏科氏关节病(或夏科氏足)是损伤许多部位(包括糖尿病人的足踝关节)的破坏性过程。该症状引起骨破碎、脱臼和骨折,最终发展成足畸形、骨隆凸、足溃疡和不稳定。夏科氏关节病可以损伤人体的任何关节,但是最常见的是损伤足的跖骨、跗趾骨和跗关节,并且常常引起足失去其足弓或弯曲,因而导致中足部位的“扁平足”。
夏科氏足的早期治疗包括使用治疗鞋,足的固定和/或无承重治疗。外科治疗包括将骨骼固定从而将它们融合成稳定块的骨科固定器械。这些骨科植入器械重新排列骨段并压缩使它们扎结在一起,直到发生愈合,导致稳定的块。
为了使夏科氏足的足弓复位,医生必须估计足弓并手动排列骨骼并给予螺钉以使骨骼固定,同时减少持骨量(bone purchase)。髓内钉和/或具有拉力螺钉的板都有不足。这些髓内钉还不能重建由于夏科氏足病而失去的足弓。
此外,感染和创伤并发症是前述过程的主要问题。创伤缝合是外科医生的技术要求,而增加表面隆起的器械如板或露出的螺钉,由于切口重新邻近过程中需要更大的组织张力而增加难度。这增加手术后创伤感染和裂开的风险,最终可能导致截肢。
各种植入物包括骨螺钉已被用于这些骨骼和关节的外科手术治疗。植入物包括多种螺钉和板已被用于治疗跖骨和趾骨的严重畸形。这些多种螺钉和板植入物已普遍用于第一跖-趾融合过程,以在外翻畸形、失败的Keller囊炎切除术,风湿性关节炎,以及其它类型的跖骨和趾骨严重畸形中将第一跖骨融合到第一趾骨。虽然这些器械允许固定和促进融合,但是它们既不给予夏科氏足的足弓复位,在跖-趾(MTP)融合过程中也没有效果。
具体而言,MTP过程中的螺钉植入物不能给予足的骨骼充分压缩,防止螺钉头脱落或给予有效的抗弯曲性。此外,难以控制背屈和外翻角度,以及由于邻近皮肤产生的皮肤刺激使这些螺钉植入物不能容易地用于外科手术治疗。还有,与骨螺钉一起使用的板植入物在固定内翻和外翻角度时也具有同样的缺点,不能直接对MTP关节压缩和由于邻近皮肤产生的皮肤刺激减少了这些植入物的效力。
因此,存在对克服现有固定组件前述部分或全部缺点的髓内固定组件合及其使用方法的需要。
发明概述
本发明的目的是克服以前发明的缺点。
本发明的另一目的是提供新型且有用的髓内固定组件,其可以用于治疗中足和前足部位的骨骼。
本发明的另一目的是通过利用髓内组件复位足弓。
本发明的另一目的是提供治疗中足部位变坏骨骼的系统。
本发明的另一目的是提供通过给予能结合病人的足的固定件来复位足的足弓的方法。
本发明的另一目的是通过利用髓内组件来融合跖趾关节。
本发明的第一非限制性方面,提供的是包括两个构件的固定组件。第一构件,位于固定组件的近端,具有细长部和锥形的球形端。第二构件,位于固定组件的远端,具有内锥形开孔,其中所述细长部位于内锥形开孔之内。第一构件与第二构件形成固定的角度,从而将第一构件选择性地结合到第二构件。
本发明的第二非限制性方面,用于重建中足部位足弓的方法,其包括八个步骤。步骤一包括在病人足的中足部位切开切口。步骤二包括使足呈枪托状(gunstocking)以露出关节表面。步骤三包括扩髓内管并插入远端构件。步骤四包括将工具结合到远端构件。步骤五包括用导丝估计近端构件的位置。步骤六包括预先钻孔穿过为融合选择的关节。步骤七包括在导丝上插入近端构件,直到与锥形开孔进行刚性连接而压缩关节,并且其中所述近端构件与远端构件成角度。步骤八包括去除工具并缝合切口,从而使中足部位的足弓形成。
本发明的第三非限制性方面,工具与固定组件组合用于重建中足部位的足弓。所述工具具有把手、具有两边的“U-形”凹进处和锥形钻孔。髓内固定组件具有第一构件和第二构件。第一构件位于髓内固定组件的近端。第一构件具有细长部和球形部。第二构件位于髓内固定组件的远端。第二构件具有内锥形开孔,多个凹槽和螺纹部。细长部位于内锥形开孔之内,并且具有两边的“U-形”凹进处结合第一构件和第二构件,并且进一步将工具结合到髓内固定组件,用于重建中足部位的足弓。
本发明的第四非限制性方面,用于骨融合的髓内固定组件,其包含位于髓内固定组件近端的第一构件和位于髓内固定组件远端的第二构件。第一构件可滑动地结合到第二构件并提供与第二构件的过盈配合。
本发明的第五非限制性方面,用于融合跖趾关节的方法,其包括七个步骤。步骤一包括提供固定组件,其中固定组件包括用于连接跖骨的跖骨植入构件和用于连接趾骨的趾骨植入构件。步骤二包括将跖骨髓管钻孔和将趾骨髓管钻孔。步骤三包括将跖骨植入构件插到跖骨髓管。步骤四包括将趾骨植入构件插到跖骨植入构件的内开孔。步骤六包括将趾骨植入构件插到趾骨髓管。步骤七包括向趾骨植入构件施加压缩以将跖骨植入构件锁定到趾骨插入构件,从而融合跖趾关节。
本发明的第六非限制性方面,用于人足的跖-趾融合的固定组件,其包含用于连接跖骨的跖骨植入构件,其中跖骨植入构件位于固定组件的近端,以及用于连接趾骨的趾骨植入构件,其中趾骨植入构件位于固定组件的远端。趾骨植入构件可滑动地结合到跖骨植入构件并提供与跖骨植入构件的过盈配合。
附图简要说明
对本发明的进一步理解可以通过参考附图示意阐述的优选实施方案获得。虽然示意的实施方案仅是用于实施本发明的示例性系统和方法,但是总的来说,实施本发明的组织和方法及其进一步的目的和优点,可以通过参考附图和下面的说明更容易地理解。附图并不意欲限制本发明的范围,其阐明所附或随后修改的权利要求的特征,但是仅仅是阐明和示例本发明。
为了更完全地理解本发明,现在参考以下附图,其中:
图1是根据本发明优选实施方案的固定系统的透视图。
图2是根据本发明优选实施方案的图1所示固定系统中使用的近端螺钉构件的透视图。
图3A是根据本发明优选实施方案的图1所示固定系统中使用的远端构件的透视图。
图3B是根据本发明优选实施方案的图3A所示远端构件的剖面透视图。
图4是根据本发明优选实施方案的图1所示固定系统中使用的工具构件的透视图。
图5是根据本发明优选实施方案的插到病人足的骨骼的组装的髓内固定组件的透视图。
图6是根据本发明优选实施方案的图5所示组装的髓内固定组件的侧视图。
图7是根据本发明优选实施方案图示出将图1-6所示的髓内固定组件结合到病人足的跗骨和跖骨的方法的流程图。
图8是根据本发明可选择的实施方案的插到病人足的跖骨和大多角骨的组装的髓内固定组件的透视图。
图9是根据本发明可选择的实施方案的髓内固定组件的剖面透视图。
图10A是根据本发明可选择的实施方案的图8所示髓内固定组件中使用的跖骨植入构件的透视图。
图10B是根据本发明可选择的实施方案的图10A所示髓内固定组件中使用的跖骨植入构件的剖面透视图。
图11是根据本发明可选择的实施方案的图8所示髓内固定组件中使用的趾骨植入构件的剖面透视图。
图12是根据本发明可选择的实施方案的图8所示髓内固定组件中使用的锁紧定位螺钉的剖面透视图。
图13是根据本发明可选择的实施方案图示出将图8-12所示的髓内固定组件结合到病人足的跖骨和趾骨的方法的流程图。
图14是根据本发明可选择的实施方案的插到病人足的骨骼的组装的髓内固定组件的透视图。
图15是根据本发明可选择的实施方案的图14所示髓内固定组件的透视图。
图16是根据本发明可选择的实施方案的图14和图15所示髓内固定组件中使用的跖骨植入构件的透视图。
图17是根据本发明可选择的实施方案的图14和图15所示髓内固定组件中使用的趾骨植入构件的透视图。
发明详述
可以通过参考以下本发明优选实施方案的详述更容易地理解本发明。然而,根据本发明的技术、系统和操作结构可以体现为各种各样的形式和方式,其中一些可能与所公开实施方案差别很大。因此,本文公开的具体结构和功能详述仅仅是代表性的,然而在这方面,它们被认为为了公开的目的提供最佳实施方案,并且为本文权利要求提供基础,所述权利要求限定了本发明的保护范围。应当注意的是,除非上下文另外清楚地指明,本说明书和所附权利要求书所使用的单数形式″a″,″an″和″the″包含复数指示物。
现在参考图1,给出根据本发明优选实施方案教导制造的固定系统100。如图所示,固定系统100包含髓内固定组件110,其包括近端螺钉构件130和远端构件140。提供的近端螺钉构件130位于组件110的近端135,并且结合到设置于固定组件110的远端145的远端构件140。此外,近端螺钉构件130与远端构件140形成固定的角度150,并且该角度150确定了足弓复位的角度。此外,固定系统100包含用于将髓内固定组件110结合到中足部位骨骼(未给出)的工具120。应当认识到在一个非限制性实施方案中,髓内固定组件110可以由钛材料制成,虽然在其它非限制性实施方案中,髓内固定组件110可以由SST、PEEK、NiTi、钴铬或其它类似类型的材料制成。
如图2所示,近端螺钉构件130大体是圆柱形形状,并且从第一球形部202延伸至第二锥形端204。端204具有的直径略小于球形部202的直径226。此外,球形部202具有锥形,如莫氏锥形,具有从端211至端212逐渐减小的宽度。如以下所示和所述,当锥形的球形部202与锥形开孔316结合时,锥形允许与锥形开孔316之间的锁定的过盈配合。此外,球形部202大体是圆形且具有贯穿球形部202的长度210的大体是六边形的扭矩传递开孔208。然而,可以利用星形开孔、方形开孔或其它任何形状的开孔而不背离本发明的范围。通过旋转球形部202,利用扭矩传递开孔208将扭矩从球形部202传送到锥形端204。
进一步地,近端螺钉构件130具有从球形部202的端212延伸的第一平滑外部部分206。部分206包括沿方向201纵向贯穿部分206的内开孔214。部分206终止于大体是管状的第二部分216。部分216可以包括纵向贯穿部分216内的内圆形开孔220。内圆形开孔220与开孔214和208沿着轴线203排列以从球形部202至端204形成连续的开口(即套管)。提供连续的开口或套管以通过在连续开口之内容纳导丝(未给出)而与导丝相互作用,从而安置和定位近端构件130。在其它非限制性实施方案中,可以提供没有开孔220和214的近端构件130(即近端构件是实心的)。
此外,管状部分216具有众多圆形螺纹(如螺纹218),其环绕布置在部分216的外表面,并且螺纹218具有外直径224。部分216还可以设置为具有自攻前缘222,以向部分216提供在将近端螺钉构件130插到骨骼的过程中去除骨材料能力。应当理解的是,为允许外科医生融合足的不同关节(未给出),可以将近端构件130的长度选择为各种长度。
如图3A至图3B所示,优选实施方案的远端构件140大体是管状形状,且从第一端302至第二端304是锥形(即端302具有的直径306略微大于端304的直径308)。然而,在另一非限制性实施方案中,远端构件140具有从第一端302至第二端304的固定宽度。进一步地,第一端302大体是半球形形状,并且具有内圆形开孔316,其沿着方向301贯穿端302(即端302通常是“圆环”形)。此外,圆形开孔316发自表面322,使得部分310具有设置于部分310中的大体是锥形的开孔316。圆形开孔316包括从第一端302至部分310的端322的斜面320。进一步地,开孔316沿从远端构件140的水平轴线305偏移的轴线303排列。轴线303与水平轴线305形成角度150,该角度确定了足弓复位的角度,如图3A所示。角度150可以是大于90度且小于180度的任意角度。如图2所示,当与锥形球形部分202结合时,锥形开孔316形成近端构件130与远端构件140之间的锁定的过盈配合。第一端302具有多个基本相似的凹槽326和328,其与端302的表面330形成具有“L-形”。提供凹槽326和328以容纳固定系统100的工具120,其在后面描述。在其它非限制性实施方案中,可以提供被容纳于凹槽326和328之内的其它相似工具。
远端构件140还包括结合到端302的大体平滑的部分310。部分310具有大体是六边形的开孔312,其通向开孔316且沿方向301纵向贯穿部分310。在其它非限制性实施方案中,可以使用星形开孔、方形开孔或其它任何形状的开孔。圆形开孔316具有的直径314略微大于近端螺钉构件130的部分216和206的外直径224,并且部分216和206可滑动地容纳于部分310的开孔316之内。开孔316具有的直径小于球形部202的直径226。
远端构件140的部分310终止于具有众多螺纹324的大体是圆柱形的第二部分318,所述螺纹环绕布置在部分318的外表面。部分318具有内圆形开孔326,其与部分318沿方向301纵向同延。圆形开孔326与开孔312排列以形成从端302至304的连续开口。
如图4所示,图示出用于将近端螺钉构件130结合到远端构件140的工具120。具体地,工具120包含结合到杆部404的把手部402。杆部404发自把手部402的端406处并终止于矩形平面部分408的端410处。平面部分408沿轴线401排列且可固定地结合到大体是圆柱形的管状部分412(即瞄准件)。部分412从顶面414至底面416贯穿部分408。进一步地,管状部分412沿不同的轴线403排列,与轴线401形成角度405。此外,管状部分412具有沿着轴线403纵向贯穿部分412的开孔420。
平面部分408与平面部分422相结合,并且部分422具有的宽度略微小于部分408的宽度。部分422终止于大体是“U-形”的部分424,并且部分424与部分422垂直相交。进一步地,部分424具有多个基本相似的侧面426和428,其被设置以可滑动地结合到远端构件140的凹槽326和328。
操作时,工具120的侧面426和428被各自容纳于图3A至图3B的远端构件140的凹槽326和328,从而将远端构件140可滑动地结合到工具120。在该位置,开孔316的轴线303基本上沿与工具120的轴线403相同的轴线排列。近端螺钉构件130穿过管状部分412的开孔420,通过可滑动地结合部分206和216结合到远端构件140。管状部分412引导近端螺钉构件130穿过内开孔420并到达表面322的开孔316,并且还可以引导基尔希讷氏丝(Kirschner wire,K wire)或钻孔机。随着部分216和206进一步行进穿过端302处的开孔316,图2的近端螺钉构件130行进到骨骼,直到球形部202受限制于表面322和端302。沿轴线303成锥形的开孔316使近端螺钉构件130与远端构件140形成角度150,并且近端构件130沿轴线303排列,轴线303是与工具120的管状部分412的轴线403基本上相同的轴线。
操作时,如图5、图6和图7最佳显示,固定系统100利用髓内固定组件110治疗和固定人足500的变坏和受损伤或骨折的骨骼。这通过将髓内固定组件110结合到人左腿的足500而复位人足500的足弓。在非限制性实施例中,如图5所示,将髓内组件110结合到第一跖骨502、内侧楔骨504、舟状骨506和距骨508的髓管。距骨508组成部分踝关节,是髓内组件110的近端螺钉构件130的螺纹部216被螺纹结合的地方。内侧楔骨504和舟状骨506最易受糖尿病夏科氏足疾病侵袭,引起足500的足弓变坏和塌陷。应当认识到,髓内组件110可以用于五条趾线(ray)的每一条中,其中趾线代表从各个跖骨至距骨画出的线。更小趾线形成的角度将小于两条趾线(即从第一和第二跖骨至距骨的线)。此外,远端构件140的直径将从大趾线至小趾线减少。在非限制性实施例中,形成的角度可以是大于90度且小于180度的任意角度。例如,第一趾线的角度可以是150-170度,而其它趾线的角度可以是160-175度。
如图6和图7所示,髓内固定组件110可以用于重建人足500的中足部位的足弓。如所示,方法由步骤700开始进行到步骤702,为了达到接近关节,由此在足500切出背侧Lis Franc切口(即中足切口)(未示出)。步骤704中,通过沿方向601(即在中足弯曲足500)使足500“呈枪托状”露出关节表面602而分离关节囊并去除关节软骨。接着,步骤706中,将髓内管扩开并将远端构件140插到跖骨502的髓内管(未示出)。在其它非限制性实施方案中,远端构件140可以通过压紧、通过压入配合、通过在髓内管(未示出)扩孔或其它任何基本相似的方法或技术插入。
接着,步骤708中,通过将工具120的侧面426和428结合至各自的凹槽326和328而将工具120结合到远端构件140。步骤710中,使用导丝贯穿部分412(即瞄准件)来估计近端构件130的初始位置。接着,步骤712中,将埋头钻穿过部分412插入并且穿透近端皮层。该步骤中,使用管状钻或导丝穿过所选择用于融合的关节预先钻孔。步骤714中,将近端螺钉构件130插到导丝上并插入远端构件140。具体地,将近端构件130穿过管状部分412(即瞄准件)插入,致使近端构件130穿过纵向内开孔420行进至远端构件140并进一步到达骨骼504、506和508,直到与锥形开孔316形成刚性连接,从而压缩关节。在一个非限制性实施方案中,将锁定部件(未示出)如板或垫圈结合到髓内固定组件110的端302,以进一步将近端螺纹构件130牢固到远端构件140。接着,步骤716中,将工具120移走并缝合背侧Lis Franc(即中足)切口。步骤718方法结束。
应当认识到,为了复位足500的足弓的自然解剖形状,可以将多个髓内固定组件如髓内固定组件110插到足500的任何骨骼,例如但不限于跖骨、楔骨、跟骨、骰骨、距骨和舟骨。因而,在非限制性实施方案中,利用固定系统100使髓内固定组件110与足500结合,其在足500内组装时使跖骨504、内侧楔骨504、舟骨506和距骨508排列成足弓的适当解剖形状。应当认识到,将髓内固定组件110穿过中足背侧切口给予,从而减少对足底组织和/或跖骨头的破坏,与此同时使皮肤张力最小。这允许改善创伤缝合,减少手术室时间,减少所需要的切口数量以及减小切口的总长度。还应当认识到在其它非限制性的实施方案中,髓内组件110可以与移植材料(即自体移植物、同种异体移植物或其它生物制剂)一起使用。
如图8所示,在可选择的实施方案中,髓内固定组件800可以包括三个相互连接的构件,用于将人足840的第一跖骨845内部固定到第一近端趾骨850或用于将人足840的其它骨骼内部固定的其它任何适当应用。为了使人足840的趾的角度复位,可以将髓内固定组件800的相互连接的构件插到第一跖骨845和第一近端趾骨850的髓管。具体地,髓内固定组件800可以包括跖骨植入构件810,趾骨植入构件820,以及任选的锁紧定位螺钉830。
如图9所示,髓内固定组件800包括被设置在髓内固定组件800的远端935的跖骨植入构件810,设置在近端940的趾骨植入构件820,以及任选的锁紧定位螺钉830,锁紧定位螺钉830被设置为螺纹地结合到跖骨植入构件810,从而压迫跖骨植入构件810与趾骨植入构件820相结合。任选的锁紧定位螺钉830因而将跖骨植入构件810锁定到趾骨植入构件820,并且允许递增调整趾骨植入构件820在跖骨植入构件810之内的位置,如以下所示和所述。
在其植入位置,跖骨植入构件810与趾骨植入构件820成固定的角度945,并且为了设置复位的角度可以调整该角度945。应当认识到在一个非限制性实施方案中,髓内固定组件800可以由钛材料制成,尽管在其它非限制性实施方案中,髓内固定组件800可以由SST、PEEK、NiTi、钴铬或其它相似类型的材料制成。
如图10A至图10B所示,实施方案的跖骨植入构件810大体是管状的形状,并且从第一端1002至第二端1004成锥形(即端1002具有的直径1006略微大于端1004的直径1008)。然而,在另一非限制性实施方案中,跖骨植入构件810具有从第一端1002至第二端1004的固定宽度。进一步地,第一端1002大体是半球形的形状,并且具有内圆形开孔1016,其沿方向1001贯穿端1002(即端1002大体是“圆环”形)。此外,圆形开孔1016沿从水平轴线1005偏移一定角度的轴线1003排列。角度1050致使圆形开孔1016发自表面1022,使得圆柱形部分1010的圆形开孔1016大体成锥形,并具有略微小于直径1032的直径1030。
应当认识到,角度1050初步确定了复位的角度,如图10A所示。角度1050可以是大于90度且小于180度的任意角度。圆形开孔1016还包含众多基本相似的螺纹1028,其设置在跖骨植入构件810的内表面1026。如图11所示,当与趾骨植入构件820的头部1105相结合时,众多基本相似的螺纹1028在跖骨植入构件810与趾骨植入构件820之间形成锁定的过盈配合。圆形开孔1016具有被设置以容纳趾骨植入构件820的头部1105的直径1014,如图11所示。
同样,跖骨植入构件810还包括结合到端1002的大体平滑的部分1010。部分1010具有沿轴线1005排列的大体是六边形的开孔1012。
在其它非限制性实施方案中,可以利用星形开孔、方形开孔或其它任何形状的开孔。开孔1012发自圆形开孔1016,沿方向1001贯穿部分1010,并且终止于大体是圆柱形的部分1018。在其它非限制性实施方案中,开孔1012与部分1018沿方向1001纵向同延且发自第二端1004。以这种方式,可以形成从端1002至端1004的连续开口来容纳基尔希讷氏丝(K wire)或钻孔机。
进一步地,部分1018具有众多基本相似的圆周螺纹,如螺纹1024,其环绕布置在部分1018的外表面。应当认识到,众多基本相似的圆周螺纹如螺纹1024被设置使得旋转跖骨植入构件810致使众多圆周螺纹1024抓住或钩住第一跖骨845的髓管(如图8所示),致使跖骨植入构件810行进至第一跖骨845。应当认识到,跖骨植入构件810可以使用于任何跖骨中用于人足的角度复位。还应当认识到,跖骨植入构件可以用于融合人足的其它关节。
如图11所示,趾骨植入构件820大体是圆柱形的形状,具有大体是实心的主体且从球形头部1105延伸至锥形端1104。球形头部1105大体是球形的形状,并且具有大体是六边形的贯穿头部1105的长度1110的扭矩传递开孔1108。在其它非限制性实施方案中,可以利用任意长度的星形开孔、方形开孔或其它任何形状的开孔而不背离本发明的范围。当旋转头部1105时,利用扭矩传递开孔1108将扭矩从头部1105传递至锥形端1104。头部1105的最大直径1126略微大于跖骨植入构件810的圆形开孔1016的直径1032,如前面的图10A至图10B所示。
头部1105还具有多个大体是平的边缘1111(即头部1105具有多个阶梯状突起),其被设置以啮合圆形开孔1016。平的边缘1111允许趾骨植入构件820以多个角度被结合到跖骨植入构件810。如图10A至图10B所示,随着趾骨植入构件820的头部1105被放置在跖骨植入构件810的圆形开孔1016内,多个边缘1111的每一个允许由圆形开孔1016内的头部1105形成锁定的过盈配合的独特角度,如以下所示和所述。
进一步地,趾骨植入构件820具有从头部1105延伸的第一平滑的外部部分1106。部分1106大体是圆柱形且终止于大体是圆柱形的第二部分1116,外部部分1106和圆柱1116具有相同的直径。此外,圆柱形部分1116具有众多圆形螺纹如螺纹1118,其环绕布置在部分1116的外表面。圆柱形部分1116还可以被设置为具有自攻前缘1122,以向部分1116提供在趾骨植入构件820插到骨骼或其它物质的过程中具有去除骨材料能力。应当认识到,可以将趾骨植入构件820的长度选择为不同的长度,以允许外科医生融合不同的关节(未示出)。在其它非限制性实施方案中,趾骨植入构件820可以具有从扭矩传递开孔1108至锥形端1104的连续开口(即套管)。连续开口或套管可以被设置为通过容纳连续开口之内的导丝(未示出)如基尔希讷氏丝而与导丝相互作用,从而安置和定位趾骨植入物820。
如图12所示,髓内固定组件800可以包括任选的锁紧定位螺钉830来将跖骨植入构件810结合到趾骨植入构件820。锁紧定位螺钉830大体是管状的形状,并且从开口第一端1202延伸至开口第二端1204。第一端1202具有大体是平的表面,而第二端1204具有半球形凹槽1206。半球形凹槽1206被设置以容纳组装的髓内固定组件800的趾骨植入构件820的头部1105。进一步地,锁紧定位螺钉830具有大体是六边形的扭矩传递开孔1208,其从第一端1202贯穿至第二端1204。在其它非限制性实施方案中,可以利用任意长度的星形开孔、方形开孔或其它任何形状的开孔而不背离本发明。
为了将锁紧定位螺钉830结合到第一跖骨植入构件810(未示出)并旋转,利用扭矩传递开孔1208来容纳扭矩形工具。为了啮合跖骨植入构件810内表面1026的众多螺纹1028(图10A和图10B示出)并且使锁紧定位螺钉830被螺纹结合(即机械结合)到跖骨植入构件810,锁紧定位螺钉830还被设置具有众多基本相似的圆周螺纹1210,从而防止趾骨植入构件820从跖骨植入构件810的圆形开孔1016返回和失去压缩。
操作时,如图8和图13所示,可以利用髓内固定组件800重建人足840的跖趾关节的足弓和/或角度。如所示,方法从步骤1300开始并进行到步骤1302,为了达到接近MTP关节855,由此在足840的跖趾(MTP)关节855切出背侧切口。步骤1304中,通过使足840“呈枪托状”(即在MTP关节855处弯曲足840)来露出跖骨845和第一近端趾骨850的关节表面而分离关节囊。通过剥下MTP关节855的软骨而去除关节软骨。接着,步骤1306中,通过打钻跖骨髓内管扩开跖骨845的髓内管并插入跖骨植入构件810。首先将跖骨植入构件810的圆柱形部分1018插到跖骨845的髓内管至预定深度,直到使端1002朝向MTP关节855的开口。在其它非限制性实施方案中,跖骨植入构件810可以通过压紧、通过压入配合、通过在髓内管(未示出)扩孔或其它任何基本相似的方法或技术插入。
接着,步骤1308中,将跖背皮层(未示出)钻孔和扩开以允许从前方分级入路接近跖骨植入构件810。步骤1310中,使用管状钻或导丝预先钻出穿过趾骨850关节表面的定位孔。步骤1312中,通过将锥形端1104(如图11所示)插到表面1022处的圆形开孔1016(如图10A至图10B所示)并且直到锥形端1104发自圆形开孔1016,从而将趾骨植入构件820插到跖骨植入构件810并插入预先钻出的定位孔。进一步地,将趾骨植入构件820插到趾骨850(如图8所示)。接着步骤1314中,排列趾骨植入构件820并形成角度845(如图9所示),并且通过旋转趾骨植入构件820而施加压缩到髓内固定组件800。将趾骨植入构件820以角度845固定(如图9所示)。在任选的步骤1316中,将锁紧定位螺钉830插到跖骨植入构件810以在适当位置锁定角度845(如图9所示)。接着,步骤1318中,缝合背侧切口。方法于步骤1320结束。
在可选择的实施方案中,如图14和图15所示,髓内固定组件1400被设置使得跖骨植入构件1410与趾骨植入构件1420以不变且固定的角度1425存在。固定角度1425可以在15至30度之间改变,并且在一个例子中,可以由外科医生来选择以提供人足骨骼的内部固定。
如图16所示,跖骨植入构件1410与前面实施方案图3A和图3B所示和所述的远端构件140基本上相似,并且大体是管状的形状且从第一端1602至第二端1604成锥形(即端1602具有的直径略微大于端1604的直径)。然而,在其它非限制性实施方案中,跖骨植入构件1410具有从第一端1602至第二端1604的固定宽度。进一步地,第一端1602具有沿方向301部分地贯穿跖骨植入构件1410的内圆形开孔1606。此外,跖骨植入构件1410具有发自表面1610的纵向开孔1612,使得开孔1612从部分1620形成斜面1614。当趾骨植入构件1420(未示出)结合到跖骨植入构件1410并且以固定角度锁定趾骨植入构件时,斜面1614确定了足的骨骼复位的角度。
同样,如图17所示,趾骨植入构件1420与前面实施方案所示的近端螺钉构件130基本上相似,然而趾骨植入构件1420包含具有固定直径的球形部1430。在其它非限制性实施方案中,球形部1430可以包含莫氏锥形(即直径从端1440沿方向1445减小)。球形部1430被设置以被容纳在内开孔1606,使得趾骨植入构件1420相对于跖骨植入构件1410以固定角度存在。
应当认识到,为了复位足840的自然解剖形状,可以将多个髓内固定组件如髓内固定组件800插到足840的任何跖骨和趾骨。还应当认识到,髓内固定组件800通过背侧切口给予,由此减少对足底组织和/或跖骨头的破坏,与此同时使皮肤张力最小。这允许改善创伤缝合,减少手术室的时间,减少所需的切口数量以及减小切口总长度。还应当认识到,还可以利用髓内固定组件800来复位人体的其它任何骨骼。还应当认识到在其它非限制性实施方案中,髓内组件800可以与移植材料(即自体移植物、同种异体移植物或其它生物试剂)一起使用。
还应当理解的是,本发明并不限于所公开的特征,并且在不背离本发明的精神和范围的前提下,可以利用其它相似的方法和系统。
虽然本发明参考优选实施方案和可选择的实施方案描述,为了完全公开本发明的目的相当详细地阐述这些实施方案,这样的实施方案仅仅是示例并且并不意欲限制或代表本发明各方面的详尽列举。因而,本发明的范围应当完全由以下权利要求所限制。进一步地,在不背离本发明的精神和原理的前提下,在这些详述中可以进行本领域技术人员显而易见的多种变化。应当认识到本发明能够以其它形式表现而不背离其基本特征。
Claims (109)
1.用于骨融合的髓内固定组件,其包括:
位于髓内固定组件近端的第一构件;和
位于髓内固定组件远端的第二构件,
其中第一构件可滑动地结合到第二构件并提供与第二构件的过盈配合。
2.如权利要求1所述的髓内固定组件,其中所述第一构件包括第一细长主体,其中所述第一细长主体包含位于第一端的第一螺纹部和位于第二端的不完全球形部。
3.如权利要求2所述的髓内固定组件,其中所述不完全球形部包含环绕布置在不完全球形外表面的多个平的边缘。
4.如权利要求3所述的髓内固定组件,其中所述多个平的边缘提供与第二构件的过盈锁合。
5.如权利要求4所述的髓内固定组件,其中所述不完全球形部包含与不完全球形部的长度纵向同延的孔。
6.如权利要求5所述的髓内固定组件,其中所述孔具有六边形、星形或方形。
7.如权利要求6所述的髓内固定组件,其中所述孔被设置以容纳工具的互补形状端。
8.如权利要求7所述的髓内固定组件,其中所述第一螺纹部含有环绕布置在第一螺纹部外表面的众多骨螺纹。
9.如权利要求8所述的髓内固定组件,其中所述第一螺纹部含有位于第一螺纹部外表面的众多骨螺纹。
10.如权利要求9所述的髓内固定组件,其中所述第一螺纹部包含自攻边缘,其中所述自攻边缘设置用于在插入第一构件的过程中去除骨材料。
11.如权利要求10所述的髓内固定组件,其中所述第二构件包含第二细长主体,其中所述第二细长主体含有位于第三端的第二螺纹部和位于第四端的开口。
12.如权利要求11所述的髓内固定组件,其中所述第二螺纹部含有位于第二螺纹部外表面的众多骨螺纹。
13.如权利要求12所述的髓内固定组件,其中所述第二螺纹部包含自攻边缘,其中所述自攻边缘设置用于在插入第二构件的过程中去除骨材料。
14.如权利要求13所述的髓内固定组件,其中所述第二构件还包含布置在第二细长主体的多个开孔。
15.如权利要求14所述的髓内固定组件,其中所述多个开孔包括第一内开孔和第二内开孔。
16.如权利要求15所述的髓内固定组件,其中所述第一内开孔沿着与第二细长主体的纵轴线平行的轴线部分地贯穿第二细长主体。
17.如权利要求16所述的髓内固定组件,其中所述第一内开孔还包含部分地布置在第二细长主体的六边形开口、星形开口或方形开口。
18.如权利要求17所述的髓内固定组件,其中所述开口被设置以容纳互补形状的构件。
19.如权利要求18所述的髓内固定组件,其中所述第二内开孔从第四端至第二细长主体的外表面贯穿第二细长主体。
20.如权利要求19所述的髓内固定组件,其中所述第二内开孔是锥形的。
21.如权利要求20所述的髓内固定组件,其中所述第二内开孔与所述第一内开孔形成预定的角度。
22.如权利要求21所述的髓内固定组件,其中所述第二内开孔还包含部分地布置在第四端内表面的众多螺纹。
23.如权利要求22所述的髓内固定组件,其中所述预定的角度确定了复位的角度。
24.如权利要求23所述的髓内固定组件,其中所述第二内开孔被设置以容纳第一构件的第一细长主体,其中所述不完全球形部被包含于第二内开孔中,并且进一步地,其中所述不完全球形部邻接第四端处的开口。
25.如权利要求24所述的髓内固定组件,其还包括中空的第三构件,在第三构件的外表面具有众多螺纹。
26.如权利要求25所述的髓内固定组件,其中所述众多螺纹被设置以被螺纹结合到第二构件的第二内开孔。
27.如权利要求26所述的髓内固定组件,其中其中所述中空的第三构件还包含六边形开孔、星形开孔或方形开孔。
28.如权利要求27所述的髓内固定组件,其中所述六边形开孔、星形开孔或方形开孔中的每个被设置以容纳互补形状的构件。
29.用于融合跖趾关节的方法,其包括:
提供固定组件,其中所述固定组件还包括:
将跖骨植入构件连接到跖骨;以及
将趾骨植入构件连接到趾骨;
将跖骨髓管钻孔和将趾骨髓管钻孔;
将所述跖骨植入构件插到所述跖骨髓管;
将所述趾骨植入构件插到所述跖骨植入构件;
将所述趾骨植入构件插到所述趾骨髓管;
向所述趾骨植入构件施加压缩以提供跖骨植入构件与趾骨插入构件之间的过盈配合,从而融合跖趾关节。
30.如权利要求29所述的方法,其中所述趾骨植入构件包括第一细长主体,所述第一细长主体在第一端处具有第一螺纹部,并且在第二端处具有不完全球形部。
31.如权利要求30所述的方法,其中所述不完全球形部包含环绕布置在不完全球形部外表面的多个平的边缘。
32.如权利要求31所述的方法,其中所述多个平的边缘提供与跖骨植入构件的过盈锁合。
33.如权利要求32所述的方法,其中所述不完全球形部包含与不完全球形部的长度纵向同延的孔。
34.如权利要求33所述的方法,其中所述孔具有六边形、星形或方形。
35.如权利要求34所述的方法,其中所述孔被设置以容纳工具的互补形状端。
36.如权利要求35所述的方法,其中所述第一螺纹部含有环绕布置在第一螺纹部外表面的众多骨螺纹。
37.如权利要求36所述的方法,其中所述第一螺纹部含有位于第一螺纹部外表面的众多骨螺纹。
38.如权利要求37所述的方法,其中所述第一螺纹部包含自攻边缘,其中所述自攻边缘设置用于在插入趾骨植入构件的过程中去除骨材料。
39.如权利要求38所述的方法,其中所述跖骨植入构件包含第二细长主体,其中所述第二细长主体含有位于第三端的第二螺纹部和位于第四端的开口。
40.如权利要求39所述的方法,其中所述第二螺纹部含有位于第二螺纹部外表面的众多骨螺纹。
41.如权利要求40所述的方法,其中所述第二螺纹部包含自攻边缘,其中所述自攻边缘设置用于在插入跖骨植入构件的过程中去除骨材料。
42.如权利要求41所述的方法,其中所述跖骨植入构件还包括位于第二细长主体中的多个开孔。
43.如权利要求42所述的方法,其中所述多个开孔包括第一内开孔和第二内开孔。
44.如权利要求43所述的方法,其中所述第一内开孔沿着与第二细长主体的纵轴线平行的轴线部分地贯穿第二细长主体。
45.如权利要求44所述的方法,其中所述第一内开孔还包括部分地布置在第二细长主体的六边形开口、星形开口或方形开口。
46.如权利要求45所述的方法,其中所述开口被设置以容纳互补形状的工具。
47.如权利要求46所述的方法,其中所述第二内开孔从第四端至第二细长主体的外表面贯穿第二细长主体。
48.如权利要求47所述的方法,其中所述第二内开孔是锥形的。
49.如权利要求48所述的方法,其中所述第二内开孔与第一内开孔形成预定的角度。
50.如权利要求49所述的方法,其中所述第二内开孔还包含部分地布置在第四端内表面的众多螺纹。
51.如权利要求50所述的方法,其中所述预定的角度确定了复位的角度。
52.如权利要求51所述的方法,其中所述第二内开孔被设置以容纳趾骨植入构件的第一细长主体,其中所述不完全球形部被包含于第二内开孔中,并且进一步地,其中所述不完全球形部邻接第四端处的开口。
53.如权利要求52所述的方法,其还包括中空的螺纹构件,在螺纹构件的外表面具有众多螺纹。
54.如权利要求53所述的方法,其中所述众多螺纹被设置以被螺纹结合到跖骨植入构件的第二内开孔。
55.如权利要求54所述的方法,其中所述中空的螺纹构件还包含六边形开孔、星形开孔或方形开孔。
56.如权利要求55所述的方法,其中所述六边形开孔、星形开孔或方形开孔中的每个被设置以容纳互补形状的构件。
57.用于人足中跖趾融合的固定组件,其包括:
用于连接跖骨的跖骨植入构件,其中所述跖骨植入构件位于所述固定组件的近端;
用于连接趾骨的趾骨植入构件,其中所述趾骨植入构件位于所述固定组件的远端;
其中所述趾骨植入构件可滑动地结合到所述跖骨植入构件并提供与所述跖骨植入构件的过盈配合。
58.如权利要求57所述的固定组件,其中所述趾骨植入构件包含第一细长主体,其中所述第一细长主体包含位于第一端的第一螺纹部和位于第二端的不完全球形部。
59.如权利要求58所述的固定组件,其中所述不完全球形部包含环绕布置在不完全球形部外表面的多个平的边缘。
60.如权利要求59所述的固定组件,其中所述多个平的边缘提供与跖骨植入构件的过盈锁合。
61.如权利要求60所述的固定组件,其中所述不完全球形部包含与不完全球形部的长度纵向同延的孔。
62.如权利要求61所述的固定组件,其中所述孔具有六边形、星形或方形。
63.如权利要求62所述的固定组件,其中所述孔被设置以容纳工具的互补形状端。
64.如权利要求63所述的固定组件,其中所述第一螺纹部含有环绕布置在第一螺纹部外表面的众多骨螺纹。
65.如权利要求64所述的固定组件,其中所述第一螺纹部含有位于第一螺纹部外表面的众多骨螺纹。
66.如权利要求65所述的固定组件,其中所述第一螺纹部包含自攻边缘,其中所述自攻边缘设置用于在插入趾骨植入构件的过程中去除骨材料。
67.如权利要求66所述的固定组件,其中所述跖骨植入构件包含第二细长主体,其中所述第二细长主体含有第三端处的第二螺纹部和第四端处的开口。
68.如权利要求67所述的固定组件,其中所述第二螺纹部含有位于第二螺纹部外表面的众多骨螺纹。
69.如权利要求68所述的固定组件,其中所述第二螺纹部包含自攻边缘,其中所述自攻边缘设置用于在插入跖骨植入构件的过程中去除骨材料。
70.如权利要求69所述的固定组件,其中所述跖骨植入构件还包含布置在第二细长主体的多个开孔。
71.如权利要求70所述的固定组件,其中所述多个开孔包括第一内开孔和第二内开孔。
72.如权利要求71所述的固定组件,其中所述第一内开孔沿着与第二细长主体的纵轴线平行的轴线部分地贯穿第二细长主体。
73.如权利要求72所述的固定组件,其中所述第一内开孔还包含部分地布置在第二细长主体的六边形开口、星形开口或方形开口。
74.如权利要求73所述的固定组件,其中所述开口被设置以容纳互补形状的工具。
75.如权利要求74所述的固定组件,其中所述第二内开孔从第四端至第二细长主体的外表面贯穿第二细长主体。
76.如权利要求75所述的固定组件,其中所述第二内开孔是锥形的。
77.如权利要求76所述的固定组件,其中所述第二内开孔与第一内开孔形成预定的角度。
78.如权利要求77所述的固定组件,其中所述第二内开孔还包含部分地布置在第四端内表面的众多螺纹。
79.如权利要求78所述的固定组件,其中所述预定的角度确定了足弓复位的角度。
80.如权利要求79所述的固定组件,其中所述第二内开孔被设置以容纳趾骨植入构件的第一细长主体,其中所述不完全球形部被包含于第二内开孔中,并且进一步地,其中所述不完全球形部邻接第四端处的开口。
81.如权利要求80所述的固定组件,其还包括螺纹构件,其是中空的并且在螺纹构件的外表面具有众多螺纹。
82.如权利要求81所述的固定组件,其中所述众多螺纹被设置以被螺纹结合到跖骨植入构件的第二内开孔。
83.如权利要求82所述的固定组件,其中所述螺纹构件还包含六边形开孔、星形开孔或方形开孔。
84.如权利要求83所述的固定组件,其中所述六边形开孔、星形开孔或方形开孔中的每个被设置以容纳互补形状的构件。
85.如权利要求23所述的髓内固定组件,其中所述预定的角度是固定的。
86.如权利要求48所述的方法,其中所述第二内开孔与第一内开孔形成预定的固定角度。
87.如权利要求76所述的固定组件,其中所述第二内开孔与第一内开孔形成预定的固定角度。
88.用于骨融合的髓内固定组件,其包括:
位于髓内固定组件近端的第一构件,其中所述第一构件包含莫氏锥形;以及
位于髓内固定组件远端的第二构件,
其中所述第一构件可滑动地结合到第二构件并提供与第二构件的过盈配合。
89.如权利要求88所述的髓内固定组件,其中所述第一构件还包括第一细长主体,其中所述第一细长主体包含第一端处的第一螺纹部和第二端处的不完全球形部。
90.如权利要求89所述的髓内固定组件,其中所述不完全球形部包含用于提供与第二构件过盈锁合的莫氏锥形。
91.如权利要求90所述的髓内固定组件,其中所述不完全球形部包含与不完全球形部的长度纵向同延的孔。
92.如权利要求91所述的髓内固定组件,其中所述孔具有六边形、星形或方形。
93.如权利要求92所述的髓内固定组件,其中所述孔被设置以容纳互补形状端的工具。
94.如权利要求93所述的髓内固定组件,其中所述第一螺纹部含有环绕布置在第一螺纹部外表面的众多骨螺纹。
95.如权利要求94所述的髓内固定组件,其中所述第一螺纹部含有位于第一螺纹部外表面的众多骨螺纹。
96.如权利要求95所述的髓内固定组件,其中所述第一螺纹部包含自攻边缘,其中所述自攻边缘设置用于在插入第一构件的过程中去除骨材料。
97.如权利要求96所述的髓内固定组件,其中所述第二构件包含第二细长主体,其中所述第二细长主体含有第三端处的第二螺纹部和第四端处的开口。
98.如权利要求97所述的髓内固定组件,其中所述第二螺纹部含有位于第二螺纹部外表面的众多骨螺纹。
99.如权利要求98所述的髓内固定组件,其中所述第二螺纹部包含自攻边缘,其中所述自攻边缘设置用于在插入第二构件的过程中去除骨材料。
100.如权利要求99所述的髓内固定组件,其中所述第二构件还包含布置在第二细长主体的多个开孔。
101.如权利要求100所述的髓内固定组件,其中所述多个开孔包括第一内开孔和第二内开孔。
102.如权利要求101所述的髓内固定组件,其中所述第一内开孔沿着与第二细长主体的纵轴线平行的轴线部分地贯穿第二细长主体。
103.如权利要求102所述的髓内固定组件,其中所述第一内开孔还包含部分地布置在第二细长主体的六边形开口、星形开口或方形开口。
104.如权利要求103所述的髓内固定组件,其中所述开口被设置以容纳互补形状的构件。
105.如权利要求104所述的髓内固定组件,其中所述第二内开孔从第四端至第二细长主体的外表面贯穿第二细长主体。
106.如权利要求105所述的髓内固定组件,其中所述第二内开孔是锥形的。
107.如权利要求106所述的髓内固定组件,其中所述第二内开孔与第一内开孔形成固定角度。
108.如权利要求107所述的髓内固定组件,其中所述固定角度确定了复位的角度。
109.如权利要求108所述的髓内固定组件,其中所述第二内开孔被设置以容纳第一构件的第一细长主体,其中所述不完全球形部被包含于第二内开孔中,并且进一步地,其中所述不完全球形部邻接第四端处的开口。
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US20130172889A1 (en) | 2013-07-04 |
EP2453819A4 (en) | 2014-07-02 |
EP2708197B1 (en) | 2017-06-14 |
BR112012000921A2 (pt) | 2016-03-01 |
AU2010273215B2 (en) | 2014-04-17 |
US20100324556A1 (en) | 2010-12-23 |
AU2010273215A1 (en) | 2012-03-08 |
EP2708197A1 (en) | 2014-03-19 |
WO2011008255A1 (en) | 2011-01-20 |
US8920453B2 (en) | 2014-12-30 |
EP2453819B1 (en) | 2017-03-15 |
ES2627058T3 (es) | 2017-07-26 |
CN102573682B (zh) | 2015-11-25 |
ES2639948T3 (es) | 2017-10-30 |
EP2453819A1 (en) | 2012-05-23 |
US8328806B2 (en) | 2012-12-11 |
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