CN102564062A - 一种高纯液氖的提取方法 - Google Patents

一种高纯液氖的提取方法 Download PDF

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CN102564062A
CN102564062A CN2011102771518A CN201110277151A CN102564062A CN 102564062 A CN102564062 A CN 102564062A CN 2011102771518 A CN2011102771518 A CN 2011102771518A CN 201110277151 A CN201110277151 A CN 201110277151A CN 102564062 A CN102564062 A CN 102564062A
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heat exchanger
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gas
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CN102564062B (zh
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俞建
曹月丛
严寿鹏
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SHANGHAI QIYUAN GAS DEVELOPMENT Co.,Ltd.
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Abstract

本发明一种高纯液氖的提取方法,其采用双氦透平膨胀机组成的封闭制冷循环系统从而实现冷量供给。本方法的具体过程为,将原料气加压并冷却,采用低温冷凝法和吸附法脱除原料气中的氮和氧等杂质后获得氖氦混合气,氖氦混合气继续被冷却并采用低温精馏法使氖、氦分离,获得高纯液氖。而且本发明中,采用双氦透平膨胀机的封闭制冷循环系统,实现液氖提取过程中的冷量需求。

Description

一种高纯液氖的提取方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种气体分离的方法,具体地说,本发明涉及一种由氦氖混合气体中提取高纯液氖的方法。尤其涉及由一种微型高转速气体轴承氦透平膨胀机组成的低压制冷循环,为分离过程提供需要的冷量的方法。
背景技术
氖气,是一种惰性气体,其在空气中含量仅为18.18×10-6,然而随着科技的发展,其已作为重要的能源大量用于工业各个领域。如在电子工业,氖气可用作霓虹灯及高压氖灯、计数管等的填充介质;其可用于激光技术;因液氖具有沸点低等优点,其可作为26~40K之间的低温冷源使用;氖气还可用于高能物理研究。
在氖气的制备工艺中,大多采用空分法制备氖气,包括采用粗氖氦塔连续提取少量的粗氖氦混合气。此时粗氖氦混合气中含有氢的体积分数为2~5%;之后,在粗氖氦混合气中加入一定量的氧,使氧与氢完全进行化学反应生成水,进行脱氢处理,而脱氢后的粗氖氦混合气中各组分的体积分数一般为氖51%、氦15%、氮32.5%、氧1.5%。而之后,脱氢后的粗氖氦混合气积累一定数量后集中进行除氮。当除氮设备的温度在65K(用真空泵使液氮的蒸发压力达到0.12bar)和粗氖氦混合气的冷凝压力为30bar时,粗氖氦混合气中的氮和氧被冷凝,未被冷凝的气相中剩余的微量氮和氧在相同温度下进行吸附脱除。从而获得氖的体积分数约78%、氦约22%的氖氦混合气体。之后再进行氖氦分离。
在传统的由粗氖氦混合气体氖氦分离工艺中,早期采用液氢为冷源,在液氢温度下,将氖氦混合气的温度降低至接近氖的三相点温度,使氖液化。从而达到氖氦分离的目的。鉴于液氢生产的复杂性和危险性。现代技术是采用带液氮预冷器的氖氦混合气高压(200bar)二次节流制冷使氖液化,从而克服液氢为冷源存在的缺陷。如,美国专利公开号US2010/0221168A1;中国公开号CN101530717A均采用液氮为冷源制备氖气。然而这种采用液氮为冷源制备氖气的方法首先需要消耗外界提供的液氮冷量,其次氖氦分离设备属高压设备,给设备的制造和运行带来不安全的隐患。
发明内容
本发明提供了一种高纯液氖的提取方法,其针对上述采用液氢或是液氮为冷源的不足,其采用透平膨胀机的封闭制冷循环系统实现液氖提取过程中的冷量需求,从而提取高纯度液氖。
本发明高纯液氖的提取方法,通过以下技术方案实现其目的:
一种高纯液氖的提取方法,其中,步骤如下:
步骤1,将经过脱氢处理后的氖氦混合气体增压至27~33bar,干燥后通过Ⅰ级换热器冷却至63~67K,进行Ⅰ级气液分离; 
步骤2,将步骤1中由Ⅰ级气液分离得到的气体经低温吸附除去杂质气体后,获得纯净的氖氦混合气体;
步骤3,将获得的氖氦混合气体经Ⅱ级换热器冷却至23~28K后,进行Ⅱ级气液分离;并在将得到的液体节流至1~2bar后,送入精馏塔中精馏,提取高纯度液氖;
并且,所述高纯液氖的提取方法中采用封闭制冷循环系统为高纯液氖提取过程中提供冷量;其具体方法包括:
纯氦气先经氦压缩机加压,并将经过压缩后的纯氦依次通入所述Ⅰ级换热器和Ⅱ级换热器进行换热;其中,经过Ⅰ级换热器后,进入Ⅰ级氦透平膨胀机膨胀冷却,然后再通入所述Ⅱ级换热器;之后再进入Ⅱ级氦透平膨胀机,膨胀冷却后的氦气返流通过Ⅱ级换热器和Ⅰ级换热器复热,为Ⅱ级换热器和Ⅰ级换热器提供冷量;最后将氦气重新送入所述氦压缩机中,从而实现氦气循环。
上述的方法,其中,将经过步骤1中Ⅰ级气液分离得到的液体降压至1~2bar后,进行Ⅲ级气液分离,液相组分经换热器复热后排入大气,并将得到的气体重新返回步骤1的氖氦混合气体中,循环利用。
上述的方法,其中,在所述步骤3中,Ⅱ级气液分离得到的气相组分经所述Ⅱ级换热器和Ⅰ级换热器复热后排入大气或作为生产纯氦的原料气。
上述的方法,其中,在所述步骤3中,在精馏塔中氖、氦分离,并将塔顶得到的气相组分返回步骤1的氖氦混合气中,循环使用。
上述的方法,其中,所述高纯液氖的提取过程中,氖氦混合气体冷凝、气液分离、提纯操作均在多层绝热真空容器中进行。
上述的方法,其中,在所述封闭制冷循环系统中,将压缩后的氦气通过Ⅰ级换热器冷却后,进入Ⅰ级氦透平膨胀机,并将氦气被膨胀至3~5bar,温度降至60~64K,之后,再依次通入所述Ⅱ级换热器和Ⅱ级氦透平膨胀机,并将氦气膨胀至1~2bar,温度降至22~26K;经冷却膨胀后的氦气返流依次通入Ⅱ级和Ⅰ级换热器复热后返回氦压缩机循环利用。
上述的方法,其中,氦气在经所述氦压缩机增压至9~11bar后,依次通过所述Ⅰ级换热器、Ⅰ级透平膨胀机、Ⅱ级换热器和Ⅱ级透平膨胀机;之后再依次通过Ⅱ级换热器和Ⅰ级换热器换热,并最终回到所述氦压缩机,实现循环。
本发明高纯液氖的提取方法中,全程采用分散控制系统 (DCS系统),可根据具体需要进行调节。
通过上述设计,本发明和传统技术相比具有以下优点:
1)本发明采用双氦透平膨胀机的封闭制冷循环系统,从而实现液氖提取过程中的冷量需求。
2)本发明在提取高纯度液氖的同时,可以回收粗氦气。
3)采用本发明工艺过程简单,易控制,适用于工业大规模化生产需求。
附图说明
图1为本发明的工艺流程图,
图中,1为粗氖氦混合气压缩机、2为4A分子筛干燥器、3和8均为热交换器、4、6和9均为气液分离器、5和10均为节流阀、7为吸附器、11为精馏塔、12为氦透平膨胀机的冷却水供给装置、13为氦气压缩机、14和15均为氦透平膨胀机、16为真空泵、17为多层绝热真空容器。
具体实施方式
本发明一种高纯液氖的提取方法,本发明采用脱氢后的氖氦混合气体(其中,粗氖氦混合气中各组分的体积分数为氖51%、氦15%、氮32.5%、氧1.5%)为原料气体,双氦透平膨胀机的封闭制冷循环系统,实现液氖提取过程中的冷量需求。将原料气加压并冷却,采用低温冷凝法和吸附法脱除原料气中的氮和氧等杂质后获得氖氦混合气,氖氦混合气继续被冷却并采用低温精馏法获得高纯液氖。采用本发明可以在提取高纯度液氖的同时,回收粗氦气。
下面我们通过具体实施例具体阐述本发明,但本发明的保护范围并不局限于下述的实施例。
如图1所示,原料气经粗氖氦混合气压缩机1增压至30bar。经过4A分子筛干燥器2干燥脱除水分后,沿管线18进入热交换器3中,并被却至65K左右。此时原料气中95%以上的氮和氧被冷凝;之后被送入气液分离器4,进行Ⅰ级气液分离,被分离成液相和气相组分。
其中,经Ⅰ级气液分离后的气相组分(其中氖体积分数约为76.8%,氦22%)沿管线21进入硅胶吸附器7后得到纯净的氖氦混合气,其氖体积分数为77.7%、氦22.3%。
而得到的液相组分通过阀5节流至1.5bar,并经气液分离器6,进行Ⅲ级气液分离后,分离成液相和气相组分,其中液相组分(氖体积分数约为0.5%,其余大部分为氮气)经管线19在热交换器3中被复热至常温后排入大气;而气相组分(其中氖体积分数约为89%)沿管线20返回粗氖氦混合气压缩机。
之后,将经过吸附器7得到的纯净的氖氦混合气经过气体交换器8被冷却至26K后(其中97%的氖被冷凝),并在气液分离器9中进行Ⅱ级气液分离;得到的气相组分(其中氦体积分数约为90%)沿管线22经过热交换器3和8复热后排出,收集粗氦气,其可待进一步提纯成高纯氦或作他用。而液相组分(氖体积分数为98%、氦1.9%)经过节流阀10节流膨胀至1.7bar左右后进入精馏塔11。
在精馏塔11中氖和氦精馏分离,塔顶得到的气相组分(其中氖体积分数为98.9%、氦1.1%)返回粗氖氦混合气压缩机1循环使用;而塔底得到的氖体积分数大于99.999%的高纯液氖从管线23排入液氖贮槽。
本发明采用双氦透平膨胀机的封闭制冷循环系统用以提供高纯液氖提取过程中的冷量。所述的双氦透平膨胀机的封闭制冷循环系统包括两台透平膨胀机,均为氦透平膨胀机14和15。如图,所述氦气压缩机13通过管道依次连接所述换热器3、氦透平膨胀机14、热交换器8和氦透平膨胀机15,之后所述氦透平膨胀机15的出口通过返流管道26又依次连接换热器8和3,而换热器3与氦气压缩机13连接,从而实现氦气循环。使用时,纯氦气经氦压缩机13加压至10bar,沿管线24通过热交换器3被冷却至83K后进入氦透平膨胀机14(这样有助于氦透平膨胀机14的冷却通入其中的氦气的压力),氦气被膨胀至3.5bar、温度降至62K,然后沿管线25进入热交换器8后,进行热量交换;之后通入氦透平膨胀机15,并在所述氦透平膨胀机15中,氦气膨胀至1.3bar左右,温度降至24K左右后,膨胀后的氦气沿返流管线26再次通入热交换器8和3复热后返回氦压缩机13,进行加压循环使用。而两台所述的氦透平膨胀机14和15均可通过外部的冷却水供给装置12从而实现冷量的交换。这样实现了氦气循环使用,而且所述的双氦透平膨胀机的封闭制冷循环系统克服了传统氖气制备工艺中,采用液氢或是液氮为冷源的不足。
如图所示,热交换器3和8、气液分离器4、6和9、吸附器7、精馏塔11、氦透平膨胀机14和15的低温端、以及各个阀门和管路均设置在一个多层绝热真空容器17内,使得在高纯液氖的提取过程中,氖氦混合气体冷凝、气液分离、提纯操作均在绝热真空容器中进行,从而降低了设备投资,也更节能。
下面是关于本实施例中,液氖提取过程中,所采用的数据参数。
实例1本发明所采用的条件及各组分数据表:
Figure 2011102771518100002DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
以上对本发明的具体实施例进行了详细描述,但其只是作为范例,本发明并不限制于以上描述的具体实施例。对于本领域技术人员而言,任何对本发明进行的等同修改和替代也都在本发明的范畴之中。因此,在不脱离本发明的精神和范围下所作的均等变换和修改,都应涵盖在本发明的范围内。

Claims (7)

1.一种高纯液氖的提取方法,其特征在于,步骤如下:
步骤1,将经过脱氢处理后的氖氦混合气体增压至27~33bar,干燥后通过Ⅰ级换热器冷却至63~67K,进行Ⅰ级气液分离; 
步骤2,将步骤1中由Ⅰ级气液分离得到的气体经低温吸附除去杂质气体后,获得纯净的氖氦混合气体;
步骤3,将获得的氖氦混合气体经Ⅱ级换热器冷却至23~28K后,进行Ⅱ级气液分离;并在将得到的液体节流至1~2bar后,送入精馏塔中精馏,提取高纯度液氖;
并且,所述高纯液氖的提取方法中采用封闭制冷循环系统为高纯液氖提取过程中提供冷量;其具体方法包括:
纯氦气先经氦压缩机加压,并将经过压缩后的纯氦依次通入所述Ⅰ级换热器和Ⅱ级换热器进行换热;其中,经过Ⅰ级换热器后,进入Ⅰ级氦透平膨胀机膨胀冷却,然后再通入所述Ⅱ级换热器;之后再进入Ⅱ级氦透平膨胀机,膨胀冷却后的氦气返流通过Ⅱ级换热器和Ⅰ级换热器复热,为Ⅱ级换热器和Ⅰ级换热器提供冷量;最后将氦气重新送入所述氦压缩机中,从而实现氦气循环。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,将经过步骤1中Ⅰ级气液分离得到的液体降压至1~2bar后,进行Ⅲ级气液分离,液相组分经换热器复热后排入大气,并将得到的气体重新返回步骤1的氖氦混合气体中,循环利用。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,在所述步骤3中,在精馏塔中氖、氦分离,并将塔顶得到的气相组分返回步骤1的氖氦混合气中,循环使用。
4.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,在所述步骤3中,Ⅱ级气液分离得到的气相组分经所述Ⅱ级换热器和Ⅰ级换热器复热后排入大气或作为生产纯氦的原料气。
5.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述高纯液氖的提取过程中,氖氦混合气体冷凝、气液分离、提纯操作均在多层绝热真空容器中进行。
6.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,在所述封闭制冷循环系统中,将压缩后的氦气通过Ⅰ级换热器冷却后,进入Ⅰ级氦透平膨胀机,并将氦气被膨胀至3~5bar,温度降至60~64K,之后,再依次通入所述Ⅱ级换热器和Ⅱ级氦透平膨胀机,并将氦气膨胀至1~2bar,温度降至22~26K;经冷却膨胀后的氦气返流依次通入Ⅱ级和Ⅰ级换热器复热后返回氦压缩机循环利用。
7.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,氦气在经所述氦压缩机增压至9~11bar后,依次通过所述Ⅰ级换热器、Ⅰ级透平膨胀机、Ⅱ级换热器和Ⅱ级透平膨胀机;之后再依次通过Ⅱ级换热器和Ⅰ级换热器换热,并最终回到所述氦压缩机,实现循环。
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