CN102537386A - 高压调节阀 - Google Patents

高压调节阀 Download PDF

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CN102537386A
CN102537386A CN2011104625465A CN201110462546A CN102537386A CN 102537386 A CN102537386 A CN 102537386A CN 2011104625465 A CN2011104625465 A CN 2011104625465A CN 201110462546 A CN201110462546 A CN 201110462546A CN 102537386 A CN102537386 A CN 102537386A
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valve
bump
septum
hole
valve body
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CN102537386B (zh
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H·布尔卡特
W·迈瓦尔德
余威
F·策拉诺
R·海因格
S·格尔哈德
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Kendrion Binder Magnete GmbH
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M63/00—Other fuel-injection apparatus having pertinent characteristics not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00; Details, component parts, or accessories of fuel-injection apparatus, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M39/00 - F02M61/00 or F02M67/00; Combination of fuel pump with other devices, e.g. lubricating oil pump
    • F02M63/0012—Valves
    • F02M63/007—Details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of the groups F02M63/0014 - F02M63/0059
    • F02M63/0077—Valve seat details
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M63/00—Other fuel-injection apparatus having pertinent characteristics not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00; Details, component parts, or accessories of fuel-injection apparatus, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M39/00 - F02M61/00 or F02M67/00; Combination of fuel pump with other devices, e.g. lubricating oil pump
    • F02M63/0012—Valves
    • F02M63/0031—Valves characterized by the type of valves, e.g. special valve member details, valve seat details, valve housing details
    • F02M63/0033—Lift valves, i.e. having a valve member that moves perpendicularly to the plane of the valve seat
    • F02M63/0036—Lift valves, i.e. having a valve member that moves perpendicularly to the plane of the valve seat with spherical or partly spherical shaped valve member ends
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M63/00—Other fuel-injection apparatus having pertinent characteristics not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00; Details, component parts, or accessories of fuel-injection apparatus, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M39/00 - F02M61/00 or F02M67/00; Combination of fuel pump with other devices, e.g. lubricating oil pump
    • F02M63/0012—Valves
    • F02M63/0031—Valves characterized by the type of valves, e.g. special valve member details, valve seat details, valve housing details
    • F02M63/005—Pressure relief valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M63/00—Other fuel-injection apparatus having pertinent characteristics not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00; Details, component parts, or accessories of fuel-injection apparatus, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M39/00 - F02M61/00 or F02M67/00; Combination of fuel pump with other devices, e.g. lubricating oil pump
    • F02M63/0012—Valves
    • F02M63/0031—Valves characterized by the type of valves, e.g. special valve member details, valve seat details, valve housing details
    • F02M63/005—Pressure relief valves
    • F02M63/0052—Pressure relief valves with means for adjusting the opening pressure, e.g. electrically controlled
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M63/00—Other fuel-injection apparatus having pertinent characteristics not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00; Details, component parts, or accessories of fuel-injection apparatus, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M39/00 - F02M61/00 or F02M67/00; Combination of fuel pump with other devices, e.g. lubricating oil pump
    • F02M63/02—Fuel-injection apparatus having several injectors fed by a common pumping element, or having several pumping elements feeding a common injector; Fuel-injection apparatus having provisions for cutting-out pumps, pumping elements, or injectors; Fuel-injection apparatus having provisions for variably interconnecting pumping elements and injectors alternatively
    • F02M63/0225—Fuel-injection apparatus having a common rail feeding several injectors ; Means for varying pressure in common rails; Pumps feeding common rails
    • F02M63/023—Means for varying pressure in common rails
    • F02M63/0235—Means for varying pressure in common rails by bleeding fuel pressure
    • F02M63/025—Means for varying pressure in common rails by bleeding fuel pressure from the common rail
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K31/00—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices
    • F16K31/02—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices electric; magnetic
    • F16K31/06—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices electric; magnetic using a magnet, e.g. diaphragm valves, cutting off by means of a liquid
    • F16K31/0644—One-way valve
    • F16K31/0655—Lift valves
    • F16K31/0665—Lift valves with valve member being at least partially ball-shaped
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M2200/00—Details of fuel-injection apparatus, not otherwise provided for
    • F02M2200/02—Fuel-injection apparatus having means for reducing wear
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M2200/00—Details of fuel-injection apparatus, not otherwise provided for
    • F02M2200/04—Fuel-injection apparatus having means for avoiding effect of cavitation, e.g. erosion
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
    • Y10T137/7722—Line condition change responsive valves
    • Y10T137/7781—With separate connected fluid reactor surface
    • Y10T137/7793—With opening bias [e.g., pressure regulator]

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Lift Valve (AREA)
  • Magnetically Actuated Valves (AREA)
  • Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)
  • Safety Valves (AREA)
  • Control Of Fluid Pressure (AREA)

Abstract

一种高压调节阀，具有：具有入口和出口的阀体，其中出口通过在阀体中的至少一个径向延伸的孔构成；基本上盘形构造的阀座，所述阀座在阀体上设置在入口和出口之间并且具有阀孔，该阀孔使入口和出口连接；密封元件，所述密封元件适当地设置在操作元件上，用于关闭阀孔，和操作装置，所述操作装置适当地构造，用于移动操作元件，实现阀的打开和关闭，阀座在出口侧具有从底面开始轴向朝孔的方向上延伸的环形的凸出部。

Description

高压调节阀
技术领域
本发明涉及根据权利要求1的前序部分的高压调节阀。
背景技术
这种高压调节阀从现有技术中公知例如用于共轨发动机内的压力调节。
液体的高压调节一般通过球配合阀进行。它们通常以电磁方式控制。现有技术的以电磁方式操作的高压调节阀通常如下构造，一个例子在图3中表示。
阀1具有带入口20和出口21的阀体2。其中入口侧例如在共轨发动机的应用领域内当前存在直到2400巴的压力。在入口20和出口21之间设置阀座3，一个连接入口20和出口21的阀孔30导引穿过该阀座。阀孔30在出口侧可通过密封元件4密封，所述密封元件通常构造为密封球。为此密封球4可通过阀销5压在阀座3上。阀座3由于由密封球4作用的提高的负荷用淬火的钢制造。由于成本的原因，其余的阀体2用非硬化的材料制造。
阀座3在阀体2上如此设置，使得它连接入口侧和出口侧。阀座3在出口侧基本上构造为板形的，并且在阀孔30的区域内有一个凹槽，在该凹槽中放置密封球4。所述密封球在入口侧被压入阀体2内。
出口21通过径向孔23在阀体2的出口侧上构造。为了实现高压调节阀1的尽可能紧凑的结构形式，径向孔尽可能近地设置在阀座3的下方。通过这种构造方式在阀座3和出口孔23之间构成一个凸肩22，在阀旋入时，阀座3支撑在所述凸肩上。
阀销5在阀体2的纵向孔内支撑，并且能通过在出口侧设置的电磁操作单元6沿它的纵轴线运动。操作单元6在该图中未示出，它通常由在线圈架60上设置的可通电的线圈61和可通过产生的磁场操作的衔铁62构成。衔铁62和阀销5彼此焊接或者压接，这样彼此固定连接。此外，衔铁62在阀的关闭方向上借助压力弹簧68预张紧，使得该阀在线圈61的不通电的状态下关闭。
衔铁62和压力弹簧68在后侧支承在套管65内，该套管例如通过焊接环66固定在阀体上。阀销5在套管65内通过支撑部69定心地保持。
液体通流的调节通过从阀座3上提升密封球4实现。在当前的高压调节阀1中最大的行程(即在阀打开最大时所能达到的行程)为0.2-0.5mm。在阀打开时，由于从入口侧作用在密封球4上的压力，能够实现被调节的液体非常高的流动速度。该液体然后以该高的流动速度冲击在阀体2的出口侧的凸肩22上并且冲蚀该凸肩，亦即在该阀的使用寿命的过程中，凸肩22的越来越多的材料被带走，使得它的材料厚度变弱。
阀体2在该区域内的变弱意味着在阀的使用寿命方面严重的缺点，因为随着越来越严重的冲蚀，越来越小的螺栓紧固的力能够通过阀座3传递到阀体2上，使得该阀最终在压配合的区域内不密封。
冲蚀的另一个缺点在于随后的材料被带走。被带走的材料的颗粒能够到达燃料系统内，并且例如导致损坏燃料系统的高压泵。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于改进已知的高压调节阀，使得能够在目前2700-3000巴的高压下使用，并且同时减小材料冲蚀。
该目的通过具有权利要求1的特征的高压调节阀解决。有利的扩展结构是从属权利要求的主题。
本发明的高压调节阀具有带有入口和出口的阀体，其中出口通过在阀体中的至少一个径向延伸的孔构成。基本上盘形构造的阀座在阀体上设置在入口和出口之间并且具有阀孔，该阀孔使入口和出口相互连接。还设有密封元件，所述密封元件适当地设置在操作元件上，用于密封地关闭阀孔。此外操作元件通过操作装置这样地移动，从而能实现阀的打开和关闭。按本发明，阀座这样地构成，使得阀座在出口侧具有从阀座的底面开始轴向朝孔的方向上延伸的环形的凸出部。
以这种方式实现，在入口侧以高压存在的液体在打开阀时通过在打开过程中在第一时刻以非常小的流动横截面高速流动，并且沿凸出部引导，从而不以全速撞击到侧向延伸的阀体。因为阀座从而还有在该阀座上成形的凸出部用硬化的材料制成，能够显著减少阀体的迄今为止发生的冲蚀。
当凸出部构造为漏斗状扩宽的凸缘时，能够得到凸出部的流动技术方面特别适宜的结构。以这种方式能够减少流动涡流。此外，根据漏斗状的凸缘以何角度扩宽，能够建立流动横截面的与行程相关的特征曲线。
当凸出部覆盖底面和孔之间的距离的至少一半时，已经能够显著减少阀体在出口孔的区域内的冲蚀。
有利的是，凸出部覆盖底面和孔之间的距离的至少9/10，其中理想的是，在底面和孔之间的整个距离被凸出部覆盖。
以这种方式实现，特别是位于阀座的底面和出口孔之间的凸肩防止位于那里的材料的同时出现伴的变弱部的材料冲蚀。这因此是尤其重要的，因为位于阀座和出口孔之间的凸肩支撑在压入阀体内的阀座。
此外凸出部可以如此构造，使得在打开阀时完全避免了阀体的直接迎流。
以这种方式能够实现，在阀体的其他区域也不发生材料去除，使得避免颗粒进入动力燃料循环内。
此外凸出部可以具有与密封元件匹配的凹槽，使得构造用于密封阀座和密封元件之间的最优的接触面。
优选密封元件构造为密封球。它的优点是，通过球的旋转对称的结构，能够实现关于孔的特别好的密封。
当操作元件构造为操作销时，能够特别简单地进行密封元件的操作。操作元件的杆状结构具有下面的优点，能够以这种方式特别简单地通过阀体朝例如作为电磁铁构造的操作装置的方向引导。
在流动技术方面特别有利的是，在操作元件和凸出部之间的流动横截面如此构造，使得能够减少流动中的涡流。以这种方式能够实现特别有规律的液体流动，并且能够减少通过涡流在液体循环中感生的力。
附图说明
下面参照附图详细说明本发明。
图1示出本发明的高压调节阀的横截面图；
图2示出图1的高压调节阀的阀座的放大视图；
图3示出按照现有技术的高压调节阀(已详述)。
具体实施方式
图1示出本发明的高压调节阀1的横截面图。高压调节阀1具有基本上圆柱形构成的阀体2，它具有轴向延伸的入口20以及径向延伸的出口21。出口21在这里通过径向延伸的孔23构成。在入口侧，在阀体2上设置盘状的阀座3，它通过阀孔30连接入口20和出口21。阀座3在阀体2上通过压配合保持，在安装阀1时在阀体2的方向上被拉紧。
阀孔30在出口侧可通过构造为密封球的密封元件4关闭。密封球4为了关闭阀孔30通过一个成形为操作销的操作元件5压在阀座3上，所述操作元件5支承在阀体2的轴向延伸的孔中。阀销5可通过操作装置6轴向移动，操作装置6在本实施例中构造为电磁铁。电磁铁6基本上由相对于阀体2在圆周上并且在线圈架60上设置的线圈61以及可在线圈61内部轴向可移动地支承的衔铁62构成，并且通过外壳63与阀体2连接。衔铁62沿轴向方向的运动通过阀销5传递到密封球4上，使得能够打开和关闭高压调节阀1。衔铁62还支承在套管65内，并且朝阀销5的方向借助压力弹簧68预张紧。高压调节阀1由此在线圈61的未通电的状态下直到通过压力弹簧68的弹簧力决定的压力关闭。在压力超过该力的情况下需要另外给线圈61通电，以便克服在入口20处存在的压力使高压调节阀1保持关闭。
线圈61的通电可通过侧向向外引导的接线触点64实现。
图2放大示出图1的高压调节阀的阀座。
在该图中明显看出，阀座3从该阀座的底面31开始朝出口21的径向延伸的孔23的方向延长。该凸出部32构造为环形的凸缘状的凸出部32，它从阀30开始漏斗状地扩宽。凸出部32导引直到径向延伸的孔23的附近，使得在径向延伸的孔23和阀座31的底面之间构成的凸肩22的约9/10由凸出部32覆盖。以这种方式实现，在入口侧以高压存在的并且在阀打开时以非常高的速度从密封球4流过的液体不直接转向到凸肩22。以这种方式，避免阀体2在这一区域内的冲蚀。密封球4可通过阀销5压向容纳部36，该容纳部36设置在阀孔30的出口侧的末端。通过与密封球4配合的容纳部36能够改进阀座3的密封性能。
通过凸出部32从阀孔30的出口侧末端开始成漏斗状的扩宽，可以得到一条打开的流动横截面与行程有关的特征曲线，使得能够实现优化的流量调节和压力调节。
此外，通过凸出部32的漏斗状扩宽的相应的构造，能够减少高压调节阀1的出口侧的流动涡流。
附图标记列表
1     高压调节阀
2     阀体
3     阀座
4     密封元件
5     操作元件
6     操作装置
20    入口
21    出口
22    凸肩/距离
23    开孔/孔
30    阀孔
31    底面
32    凸出部
36    容纳部
60    线圈架
61    线圈
62    衔铁
63    外壳
64    接线触点
65    套管
66    焊接
68    压力弹簧
69    支承部

Claims (10)

1.高压调节阀(1)，具有：
具有入口(20)和出口(21)的阀体(2)，其中出口(21)通过在阀体(2)中的至少一个径向延伸的孔(23)构成；
基本上盘形构造的阀座(3)，所述阀座在阀体(2)上设置在入口(20)和出口(21)之间并且具有阀孔(30)，该阀孔使入口(20)和出口(21)连接；
密封元件(4)，所述密封元件适当地设置在操作元件(5)上，用于关闭阀孔(30)，和
操作装置(6)，所述操作装置适当地构造，用于移动操作元件(5)，实现阀的打开和关闭，
其特征在于，
阀座(3)在出口侧具有从底面(31)开始轴向朝孔(23)的方向上延伸的环形的凸出部(32)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的高压调节阀(1)，其特征在于，
凸出部(32)构造为漏斗状扩宽的凸缘。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的高压调节阀(1)，其特征在于，
凸出部(32)覆盖底面(31)和孔(23)之间的距离(22)的至少一半。
4.根据权利要求3所述的高压调节阀(1)，其特征在于，
凸出部(32)覆盖底面和孔之间的距离(22)的至少9/10。
5.根据权利要求4所述的高压调节阀(1)，其特征在于，
凸出部(32)覆盖底面(31)和孔(23)之间的整个距离。
6.根据上述权利要求之一所述的高压调节阀(1)，其特征在于，
凸出部(32)如此构造，使得在打开阀(1)时避免了阀体(2)的直接迎流。
7.根据上述权利要求之一所述的高压调节阀(1)，其特征在于，
凸出部(32)具有用于容纳密封元件(4)的凹槽(36)。
8.根据上述权利要求之一所述的高压调节阀(1)，其特征在于，
密封元件(4)构造为密封球。
9.根据上述权利要求之一所述的高压调节阀(1)，其特征在于，
操作元件(5)构造为操作销。
10.根据上述权利要求之一所述的高压调节阀(1)，其特征在于，
在密封元件(4)和凸出部(32)之间的流动横截面如此构造，使得流动中的涡流减少。
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