CN102517029A - Soil conditioner for preventing and controlling konjac soft rot and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a soil conditioner for preventing and controlling konjac soft rot and a preparation method thereof. The soil conditioner comprises the ingredients in part by mass: 10-50 parts of calcium oxide, 5-40 parts of calcium cyanamide, 10-60 parts of sodium potassium silicate, 10-50 parts of sulphur, and 5-40 parts of atlapulgite. The preparation method comprises the following steps: smashing the ingredients respectively, weighing in proportion and uniformly mixing, and smashing through a jet mill to obtain a finished product. Repetitive tests carried out on main varieties such as amorphophallus kochck and amorphophallus albus show that: the soil conditioner has more than 80 percent of prevention efficiency for konjac soft rot, and has the advantages of economy, safety, remarkable preventing and controlling effect, and simplicity and convenience in use.

Description

A kind of soil conditioner of preventing and treating konjak soft rot and preparation method thereof

Technical field

The invention belongs to the soil conditioner preparing technical field, specifically relate to a kind of soil conditioner that can effectively prevent and treat konjak soft rot.The invention still further relates to the preparation method of this soil conditioner simultaneously.

Background technology

Konjaku is the general name of Araeceae (Araceae) Amorphophallus (Amorphophophallus Blume) plant.On cultivation, belong to tuber crops.About 163 kinds of whole world Amorphophallus plant, can be edible 20 surplus kind.In 21 kinds of state-owned Amorphophallus plants, Yunnan has 11 kinds, edible have 5 kinds.The konjaku kind of the main cultivation of China is elephant-foot yam (Akonjac) and white konjaku (Aalbus).In recent years cultivated area is about 300,000 mu.About 8～100,000 mu of the long-term cultivated area in Yunnan Province, wherein plant about 60,000 mu the Fuyuan County.In China, before the konjaku cultivation starts from more than 1700 year, since the eighties in 20th century, begun establishing in large scale.2010, Yunnan Province's commodity were planted 15～30 yuan of ball seed taro per kilograms with 3.5～4.5 yuan of fresh Amorphophallus rivieri per kilogram Renminbi, and every mu of konjaku output value reaches as high as 2.0～3.8 ten thousand yuan.It is konjac glucomanna that the konjaku stem tuber mainly contains effective constituent, is widely used in the industry such as food, medicine, weaving, makeup, oil, and the products export world is multinational.

The generation of konjak soft rot (Erwinia carotovora Var.Carotovora) and harm are the topmost factors that causes the konjaku low yield inferior in the land for growing field crops produces, and are insoluble technical barriers always.In world's konjaku industry,, be not applicable to the resistance article or the immunological species of production at present for konjak soft rot; Also less than efficient, low toxicity, economy, safety, control medicament easy to use and otherwise effective technique measure.Tens of kinds of agricultural chemicals such as China's also useful agricultural streptomycin in konjaku producing region, trichodermin, Bordeaux mixture, verditer, fenaminosulf, Tuzet, derosal, Sandofan, zinc manganese ethylenebisdithiocarbamate, bismerthiazol, Superlysoform, trichloronitromethane, the spirit of powder rust are prevented and treated test or field control application at present, but preventive effect is generally below 30%.And consumption is big, cost is high.Time-consuming taking a lot of work in using, operation inconvenience, and the residual of chemical pesticide brings influence also for environment and food safety with polluting.

Konjak soft rot is a kind of bacterial disease, and just the dip-dye source is main with germ-carrying kind of ball or germ-carrying soil, and it is the storehouse, bacterium source of complex carrier that germ-carrying kind of ball plantation back further forms kind of a taro, soil, compost, pathogenic agent, weeds and rhizome, insect etc.The optimal temperature that the konjak soft rot bacterium grows is 27～30C °, and the pH value is 5.0～6.5, and atmospheric moisture is 80%～90%.The continuous cropping time is long more, and soil humidity is big more, the sticking more weight of soil, and plant nitrogen nutrition is high more, and morbidity is just heavy more.Konjak soft rot bacterium host range is wide, can infect 10 sections, 20 various vegetables crops.Because of konjaku stem tuber water content reaches 80%～85%, quality is tender and crisp, in results, transportation, storage process, and as easy as rolling off a log damage, its stem tuber inclusion is oozed out and is combined with airborne oxygen from wound rapidly, oxidation and produce brown stain.Its konjac glucomanna is that bacterium is had a liking for especially, reaches the chemistry obstruction material to Bacteria erwinia because of konjaku itself lacks mechanical tissue simultaneously, in case after germ was invaded plant, breeding spread fast, brings great difficulty to control.

Konjaku after the plantation, went up with temperature at the beginning of 5 months in 4 months, and soil humidity increases, and the pathogeny bacterium germinates, and thereupon from the physical abuse position of konjaku, the wound due to insect is caused harm is invaded, and germ also can be invaded from plant stomata, water hole, hole skin.Severe patient causes mashed kind or Zhan Yeqian to rot and falls seedling, konjak soft rot often in 7 months to getting into onset peak by the end of August, be 10～15 days generally from plant reveal any symptoms to death.Planting field piece sickness rate generally reaches about 10%, and continuous cropping field is 20～40%, and severe patient has no harvest.During the konjaku big area is produced at present, because the planting site total crop failure of the general loss 20～30%, 5～10% of soft rot harm.Therefore, develop and seek new control product and utilisation technology measure, become pressing in the konjaku production.How preparing and have the product of well preventing and treating performance, is this area technical barrier anxious to be solved.

Summary of the invention

The objective of the invention is to the deficiency to prior art, the soil conditioner of a kind of economy, safety, control effect control konjak soft rot remarkable, easy to use is provided.

The present invention also aims to provide a kind of method for preparing said soil conditioner.

The object of the invention is achieved through following technical proposals.

Except as otherwise noted, the percentage ratio that the present invention adopted is mass percent.

A kind of soil conditioner of preventing and treating konjak soft rot is processed behind the raw material blending by following mass parts: 10～50 parts in quicklime, 5～40 parts of hydrogen ammonification calcium, 10～60 parts of sodium-potassium silicates, 5～20 parts of 5～50 parts in sulphur and atlapulgites.

Wherein, described quicklime, atlapulgite are technical grade product, and hydrogen ammonification calcium and sulphur are industrial agricultural level product, and sodium-potassium silicate is a technical grade product, and outward appearance is yellow-green colour or faint yellow viscous liquid.

Prepare the method for the soil conditioner of said control konjak soft rot, may further comprise the steps:

(1) aqueous sodium-potassium silicate is pulverized after through the high-temperature hot-air cyclic drying, through 100 above sieve meshes, subsequent use;

(2) take by weighing 10～50 parts in quicklime by mass parts, 5～40 parts of hydrogen ammonification calcium, 10～60 parts in sodium-potassium silicate dry powder, 5～20 parts of 5～50 parts in sulphur and atlapulgites, subsequent use;

(3) start the acid and alkali-resistance Agravicmixer, treat that machine works well after, quicklime, hydrogen ammonification calcium, sodium-potassium silicate, sulphur, atlapulgite are added mixing machine in order successively, be 5～8 minutes the pitch time that every kind of raw material adds; Raw material added the back remix 15～20 minutes, and mixture is the soil conditioner of required control konjak soft rot more after crushed.

With present compared with techniques, the present invention has following distinguishing feature:

1, the present invention uses soil conditioner initiatively and prevents and treats konjak soft rot, and products obtained therefrom economy, safety, control effect are remarkable, for the control of konjak soft rot provides new solution route.

2, this product has good synergy and significant synergism.Konjaku kind ball through handling, has control and repellent and diet effect to grub, cutworm, ant, cricket, mole cricket, ground beetle, pillworm, an eye fungus gnat when storage period and sowing, effectively pest control endangers, and reduces the infection process source.After using, under the effect of soil moisture, can produce the intensive quaternization.The pH value is 11～12 during 600 times of aqueous solution, can regulate the pH value react basic on every side of konjaku stem tuber rhizosphere, is unfavorable for that germ is immersed and breeding.The konjac glucomanna generation quaternization that the alkaline matter and the konjaku stem tuber surface of a wound ooze out loses activity aldehydes matter and oxydase, stops konjaku to organize inclusion to exosmose; Reduce the Enzymatic browning effect; Make wound healing, can form layer protecting film, stop pathogenic bacteria to be invaded at the surface of a wound.Can also increase nutritive elements such as calcium, silicon, sulphur, potassium after using, and with soil in nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and in trace element produce synergy, strengthen plant nutrition, improve the plant resistance.

3, raw material sources is sufficient, and cost is low, and production technique is simple, and energy consumption is low.There are not waste water, waste residue, exhaust gas emission in the production.Set noise is little.Free from environmental pollution, to crop, environment and food safety.

4, low, the odorless of finished product toxicity, tasteless, not combustion-supporting, do not explode, not oxidation.

5, during practical application, easy to use, save time, saving of labor, preventive effect be remarkable, is applicable to the production of drought-resistant agriculture konjaku.

Embodiment

Through specific embodiment given below and typically used embodiment, can further be well understood to the present invention.But they are not the qualification to protection domain of the present invention.

Embodiment 1

Aqueous sodium-potassium silicate is pulverized after through the high-temperature hot-air cyclic drying, through 100 above sieve meshes, subsequent use; Take by weighing by mass parts: quicklime 10, hydrogen ammonification calcium 5, sodium-potassium silicate (dry powder) 60, sulphur 15, atlapulgite 10.Start agravic acid and alkali-resistance mixing machine; After treating that machine works well; Quicklime, hydrogen ammonification calcium, sodium-potassium silicate, sulphur, atlapulgite are added mixing machine in order successively, and the adding of every kind of raw material must be carried out in machine operation procedure, and be 5-8 minute pitch time.After the raw material adding finished, after remix 15-20 minute, after the shutdown, mixture was subsequent use.Restart micronizer mill, treat to add mixture after machine works well, mixture is crushed to fineness 200 above sieve meshes, pass through weighing, packing again, case, be up to the standards, promptly obtain preventing and treating the soil conditioner product of konjak soft rot through micronizer mill.Product appearance is a dusty blue loose powder shape solids.

Embodiment 2

Repeat embodiment 1, following difference is arranged: take by weighing: quicklime 50, hydrogen ammonification calcium 5, sodium-potassium silicate 10, sulphur 30, atlapulgite 5 by mass parts.

Embodiment 3

Repeat embodiment 1, following difference is arranged: take by weighing: quicklime 15, hydrogen ammonification calcium 10, sodium-potassium silicate 60, sulphur 5, atlapulgite 10 by mass parts.

Embodiment 4

Repeat embodiment 1, following difference is arranged: take by weighing: quicklime 20, hydrogen ammonification calcium 40, sodium-potassium silicate 20, sulphur 15, atlapulgite 5 by mass parts.

Embodiment 5

Repeat embodiment 1, following difference is arranged: take by weighing: quicklime 25, hydrogen ammonification calcium 5, sodium-potassium silicate 15, sulphur 50, atlapulgite 5 by mass parts.

Embodiment 6

Repeat embodiment 1, following difference is arranged: take by weighing: quicklime 15, hydrogen ammonification calcium 20, sodium-potassium silicate 20, sulphur 25, atlapulgite 20 by mass parts.

Embodiment 7

Repeat embodiment 1, following difference is arranged: take by weighing: quicklime 40, hydrogen ammonification calcium 30, sodium-potassium silicate 20, sulphur 5, atlapulgite 5 by mass parts.

Embodiment 8

Repeat embodiment 1, following difference is arranged: take by weighing: quicklime 20, hydrogen ammonification calcium 50, sodium-potassium silicate 10, sulphur 10, atlapulgite 10 by mass parts.

The application implementation example

The inventor has carried out the screening of control medicament and the research and development of control medicament when konjak soft rot is studied.Through TE and improvement, ripe to the present invention and supporting utilisation technology thereof.Replicated field tests through in a plurality of test points, konjaku producing region shows: preventive effect can reach more than 80%, receives praises from customers.Field of the present invention utilisation technology instance is sketched in the back at present:

One, the present invention prevents and treats the principle summary:

Result of study shows, everyly helps the envrionment conditions that konjaku grows, and helps the generation of konjak soft rot bacterium equally and spreads.Therefore, it is particularly important for the control of konjak soft rot artificially to implement prophylactico-therapeutic measures.Konjak soft rot is a bacterial disease, and the optimal temperature that pathogenic bacteria grows is 27-30C °, and P in soil H value is 5.0-6.5, and atmospheric moisture is 80%-90%, and soil humidity is 20-40%.The first of konjak soft rot dyes former to be main with germ-carrying kind of ball and soil, to plant ball in spite of illness and plant behind the field that further a taro is planted in formation, soil, compost, invalid body, weeds and rhizome thereof, and insect, nematode etc. is the storehouse, bacterium source of complex carrier.Generally speaking, the breakage of konjaku kind ball is many more, and it is also many more to carry disease germs, the soil pH value meta-acid, and the continuous cropping time is long more, and soil humidity is big more, the sticking more weight of the soil texture, Sheng is crossed in the konjaku nitrogen nutrition, and morbidity is more early and fall ill serious more.Therefore, reducing or stop kind of spherical zone bacterium is one of major measure of konjak soft rot control.

The konjak soft rot bacterium is the heterotrophism life to konjaku, and growth that bacterium is former and breeding need the external world to provide the CHO material as energy derive.When konjaku flesh tissue, particularly stem tuber receive the insect pest wound, when physical abuse forms wound, are that main plant tissue's inclusion is exosmosed from wound rapidly with the konjac glucomanna; Contact with aerial oxygen, under the katalysis of polyphenoloxidase, the aldehydes matter generation oxidation in the konjaku tissue and present brown and change; The pathogeny bacterium utilizes the konjaku tissue to ooze out resolvent as energy matter simultaneously, under the effect of Enzymatic browning, produces the strong acid yeast-like fungi of carbonaceousmaterial; And then be glucose with nutrition in the konjaku tissue and CHO material decomposition; Disaccharide and monobasic sugar, amino acid and lipid, for germ provides nutrition, the intrusion breeding that has increased the weight of germ with spread.The sufficient more germ reproduction power of nutrition and pathogenic strong more spreads soon more, and harm is also just serious more.Konjaku kind ball water content reaches 80-90% in addition; Quality is tender and crisp, gathers at kind of a ball, transports, in the storage, planting process, very easily sustains damage to hinder with insect pest and catch an illness; Konjac glucomanna and resolvent thereof are that bacterium is had a liking for especially; Konjaku lacks mechanical tissue and soft rot germ chemistry obstruction material simultaneously, in case morbidity brings great difficulty to preventing and controlling.The sickness rate of konjak soft rot is equal to rate of loss in the land for growing field crops produces.Therefore, prevent that kind of coccidia hinders or physical abuse, promote kind of a ball wound healing, reduce kind of a ball and organize inclusion to blend oxidation outward, also seem very important.

Result of study also shows: within the specific limits; Soil pH value becomes positive correlation with validity sulphur, calcium, silicon, potassium element content in the edatope with pH value at the occurring degree of 7 konjak soft rots when above; Be P in soil H value 7 when above; Effectively sulphur, calcium, silicon, potassium content are high more, and sickness rate is low more, and germ reproduction is also slow more.

The present invention has fine synergy and significant synergism.Konjaku kind ball through handling, has control and repellent and diet effect to grub, cutworm, ant, cricket, mole cricket, ground beetle, pillworm, an eye fungus gnat when storage period and sowing, effectively pest control endangers, and reduces the infection process source.

Sulphur is in soil under oxidation and the alkalinization, and effective constituent can slow down effectively and stop because of wound causes the konjaku tissue and includes the enzymatic browning effect that sweat produces, and decomposes thereby reduce konjac glucomanna.Can strengthen sterilization, killing ability under the sulphur alkaline condition simultaneously.

After the present invention uses, under the effect of soil moisture, can produce the intensive quaternization.PH value is 11-12 during 600 times of aqueous solution, can regulate the pH value react basic on every side of konjaku stem tuber rhizosphere, is unfavorable for that germ is immersed and breeding.

The konjac glucomanna generation quaternization that the alkaline matter and the konjaku stem tuber surface of a wound oozed out after the present invention used loses activity aldehydes matter and oxydase, stops konjaku to organize inclusion to exosmose; Reduce the Enzymatic browning effect; Make wound healing, can form layer protecting film, stop pathogenic bacteria to be invaded at the surface of a wound.

Can increase nutritive elements such as calcium, silicon, sulphur, potassium after the present invention uses, and with soil in nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and in trace element produce synergy, strengthen plant nutrition, improve the plant resistance.

Using the present invention and in the konjaku planting process, prevent and treat soft rot, after the enforcement, is a kind of organic synergy and synergism in the presence of environmental factor.According to ecology, the biological characteristics of konjak soft rot nosophyte, occurrence regularity and ecological condition and the production level of contaminating circulation, konjaku growing area, the technology of development effectively preventing product and easy supporting application is the object of the invention.

1. planting taro handles: plant after the taro results through planting taro after cold solarization, classification, the seed selection and pack in the case, between kind of taro, be sprinkled into the finished product of the present invention of seed weight 3～5%, can put storage in storage.The kind ball of treated mistake, the mashed kind of more untreated minimizing of rate 15-20%.

Action characteristic: can impel kind of a taro wound healing.Stop kind of a taro to be exosmosed, reduce the enzymatic browning reaction, slow down kind of taro respiration and moisture content and scatter and disappear because of the inclusion of organizing that damage causes.Be alkaline environment on kind of a taro surface, reduce kind of a taro content of molds, prevent that germ from invading from wound, prevent insect pest.

2. the kind ball managed of end, through after selected, per 100 kilograms of kind balls are sprinkled into finished product 3-5 kilogram of the present invention before allocation and transportation, can the entrucking allocation and transportation.

3. when konjaku is sowed, directly konjaku kind ball is put into finished product of the present invention and carry out can sowing after the surface coatings, preventive effect can reach more than 80%, and can doublely control insect.

4. 10-15 days behind konjaku sowing exhibition leaf, every mu on planting ground are with 5 kilograms of these article, continuous cropping 10 kilograms of every mu of usefulness spread fertilizer over the fields or mix fine sand, dry fine earth spreads fertilizer over the fields for 10 kilograms.Must be when using at fine day, dew is done back noon or use afternoon.Preventive effect can reach more than 80%.

5. when finding diseased plant in the field, spread fertilizer over the fields, prevent that the primary infection focus germ from spreading with an amount of these article ring-type between diseased plant and healthy tree.

The present invention should suit measures to local conditions according to particular case and production level such as konjaku planting sites in production practice, selects suitable control period and method, reaches the purpose of giving full play to control effect of the present invention.

It is pointed out that the above is merely most preferred embodiment of the present invention, or not allly within spirit of the present invention and principle, do not change, be equal to and replace and improvement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention in order to restriction the present invention.

Claims (2)

1. a soil conditioner of preventing and treating konjak soft rot is processed behind the raw material blending by following mass parts: 10～50 parts in quicklime, 5～40 parts of hydrogen ammonification calcium, 10～60 parts of sodium-potassium silicates, 5～20 parts of 5～50 parts in sulphur and atlapulgites.

2. prepare the method for the soil conditioner of the said control konjak soft rot of claim 1, may further comprise the steps:

(1) aqueous sodium-potassium silicate is pulverized after through the high-temperature hot-air cyclic drying, through 100 above sieve meshes, subsequent use;

(2) take by weighing 10～50 parts in quicklime by mass parts, 5～40 parts of hydrogen ammonification calcium, 10～60 parts in sodium-potassium silicate dry powder, 5～20 parts of 5～50 parts in sulphur and atlapulgites, subsequent use;

(3) start the acid and alkali-resistance Agravicmixer, treat that machine works well after, quicklime, hydrogen ammonification calcium, sodium-potassium silicate, sulphur, atlapulgite are added mixing machine in order successively, be 5～8 minutes the pitch time that every kind of raw material adds; Raw material added the back remix 15～20 minutes, and mixture is the soil conditioner of required control konjak soft rot more after crushed.