CN102496991A - Backup lithium ion battery pack management method and management system thereof - Google Patents
Backup lithium ion battery pack management method and management system thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a backup lithium ion battery pack management method and a management system thereof. The method comprises the following steps: real-time data sampling, running state identification and electric quantity estimation, intelligent charging management and discharging management, self-discharge power consumption management, heating management, alarm and security protection. The cell management system comprises a power supply unit, a data acquisition unit, a storage unit, a micro control unit (MCU), a state indication unit, an equalization unit, a heating unit, a switch unit and a communication unit. The method and the system are aimed at seamlessly connecting a lithium ion battery to various present backup power supply systems, and according to working condition characteristics of various backup power supplies, a lithium ion battery pack always maintains sufficient energy in a long time energy storage reserve supply period and maintains an enough long reserve supply time in reserve supply output.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to lithium battery management method and battery management system, relate in particular to a kind of accumulation energy type lithium ion battery group management method of the application of power of formula in support and the battery management system of this method of use.
Background technology
Energy supply in support; Using battery pack such as all kinds of power supplies fields such as UPS is known; Especially the lead-acid battery group is applied in all trades and professions extremely extensively and profoundly; And lithium ion battery has become the leading role of secondary cells such as alternative NI-G, ni-mh, plumbic acid because its input and output power is big, operating temperature range is wide, memory-less effect, non-maintaining, long-life and real characteristics such as environmental protection.
In traditional powersupply system that has the backup battery group, mainly be to manage to the lead-acid battery group, its management method is quite ripe and be bordering on standardization, medelling, and its basic step is following:
Monitor voltage, electric current and the temperature of battery pack in real time;
During normal power backup standby, battery pack works in floating charge state all the time;
During battery pack reserve discharge, when voltage is lower than electric protection value cut-out discharge down;
Battery pack is behind deep discharge, and be syllogic Charge Management pattern: constant current is all filled, constant voltage and current limiting fills, floating charge;
According to battery pack temperature, even charging voltage, float charge voltage are carried out correction-compensation;
Can preset down management parameters such as electric protection voltage, even charging voltage, float charge voltage, constant current point, current-limiting points according to the battery characteristics.
Using the battery management system of above-mentioned lead-acid battery group management method, is not to be integrated in the lead-acid battery group usually, but as the part in the main power source system monitoring circuit.Because lithium ion battery and lead-acid battery are two kinds of diverse electrochemical systems; There is very big difference in application characteristic; Therefore adopt above-mentioned management method optimization not use lithium ion battery; That is to say the formula battery pack application in support of lithium ion battery group, suitable directly being linked in the main power source system that uses the lead-acid battery management mode.
Application management to the lithium ion battery group; Itself and maximum different being of lead-acid battery; Existing lithium-ion electric pool technology also is not enough to support it to be in floating charge state for a long time, and this mainly is because overcharge irreversible inefficacy that can cause lithium ion battery and the potential safety hazard that is difficult to expect of long period.Therefore, need in the power supply current supply circuit, increase charge switch, so that in the charging of charging termination in latter stage to battery pack.Thus; Also just make to the Charge Management of backup type lithium ion battery group complicated more a lot than lead-acid battery; Requirement can guarantee that each joint cell of lithium ion battery group all is full of electricity, requires during the energy storage power backup of long period, can in time replenish on the other hand on the one hand.
In various lithium ion battery applications such as fields such as electric tool, electric bicycle and electric automobiles, it is known all need disposing the corresponding battery management system usually.In the concrete application of different field, the method that the lithium ion battery group is managed also is not quite similar, and this depends on the concrete applying working condition of battery pack in the different application.Though; Function that various lithium ion battery management system realizes is additives for overcharge protection, over, overcurrent protection, over-temperature protection and short-circuit protection etc. nothing more than; Further be electric weight estimation, health degree judgement and monomer balanced management etc.; But the implementation pattern of these management functions has only with the actual applying working condition of battery pack and combines, and just might really give play to the optimum performance of lithium ion battery.
In traditional powersupply system that has the backup battery group; A large amount of applying working conditions that are directed against the lead-acid battery group of using maturely; To the lithium ion battery group seamlessly be substituted into, just must lithium ion battery management mode and existing lead-acid battery management mode organically be merged, according to the operating mode characteristics of existing various back-up sources; Make the lithium ion battery group during the energy storage power backup of long period, remain sufficient energy, and when power backup is exported, keep sufficiently long charging time.
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Summary of the invention
Main purpose of the present invention is exactly in order the lithium ion battery group seamlessly to be inserted in the existing various backup power systems; Lithium ion battery management mode and existing lead-acid battery management mode are organically merged; Operating mode characteristics according to existing various back-up sources; Make the lithium ion battery group during the energy storage power backup of long period, remain sufficient energy, and when power backup is exported, keep sufficiently long charging time.
For realizing above-mentioned purpose, the battery management system that the present invention proposes a kind of lithium ion battery group management method and uses this method is used for the operating state of backup type lithium ion battery group is managed.
Technical scheme of the present invention is:
A kind of backup type lithium ion battery group management method, this management method may further comprise the steps:
(a), the terminal voltage of series connection cell, assembled battery total voltage, charge/discharge current and sign battery temperature/ambient temperature in the real-time sampling battery pack;
(b), judge battery pack running status and estimating battery group electric weight through the real-time sampling value;
(c), through real-time sampling value and battery battery pack is carried out intelligent charge management and discharge management;
(d), carry out the self discharge power managed according to the battery pack running status;
(e), the sign battery temperature value through real-time sampling heats management to battery pack;
(f), when certain sampled value or battery surpass the upper limit that sets or lower limit alarm threshold, provide alarm signal;
(g), when certain sampled value surpasses the safeguard protection threshold value set, provide the protection alarm signal, control protection electric circuit action simultaneously is to being protected by administration battery pack; The scope of wherein, safeguard protection threshold value is greater than the scope of bound alarm threshold.
Among the present invention; The step of estimating battery group electric weight comprises: it is 50% that initial electric weight is set during electrification reset; Calculate the electric weight instantaneous value through current integration during the charge/discharge; Regularly deduct the self discharge set amount by self discharge correction setting cycle during the standby, latter stage is revised electric weight to 100% in charging, discharges and revises electric weight to 0% latter stage.
Among the present invention, charging is revised electric weight to 100% and be latter stage: greater than monomer voltage upscale protection set point, and assembled battery total voltage is revised electric weight to 100% during greater than Full Charge Capacity voltage threshold set point as the monomer voltage sampled value; Or be lower than cut-off current thresholding set point when the charging current sampled value, and assembled battery total voltage is revised electric weight to 100% during greater than Full Charge Capacity voltage threshold set point.
Among the present invention, discharge is revised electric weight to 0% and be latter stage: when the monomer voltage sampled value is lower than monomer voltage downscale protection set point or assembled battery total voltage when being lower than total voltage downscale protection set point, revise electric weight to 0%.
Among the present invention, the step of battery pack being carried out the intelligent charge management comprises:
When all real-time sampling values do not exceed the safeguard protection threshold value that sets, and current electric quantity is lower than when replenishing electric switch limit set point, allows battery pack is charged;
As the monomer voltage sampled value during greater than monomer voltage upscale protection set point by charging; Or be lower than cut-off current thresholding set point when the charging current sampled value, and assembled battery total voltage during greater than Full Charge Capacity voltage threshold set point by charging; Or when arbitrary voltage, electric current, temperature sampling value exceed the safeguard protection threshold value that sets, end and charge;
When charging ends, be changed to 100%, then have only when electric weight is reduced to replenish to allow to recover to charge after electric switch is limit below the set point like electric weight; Be not changed to 100% like electric weight, then when trigger condition is removed, recovering charging;
In the charging process; As the monomer voltage sampled value greater than equalizing voltage thresholding set point; And and the difference between the minimum monomer voltage sampled value is during greater than balanced pressure reduction thresholding set point, and the charging current through this monomer of control bypass circuit difference is to reach equalizing charge.
Among the present invention; Through reasonable setting to dependent thresholds, threshold value or set point; Can make the battery pack energy that compensation self discharge is in time lost during long-time power backup standby, and allow to reduce external charge voltage or promote Full Charge Capacity voltage threshold set point to make battery pack under the safe float charge voltage of long period, realize the charging balance of all series connection cells.
Among the present invention, the step of battery pack being carried out intelligence discharge management comprises:
When all real-time sampling values do not exceed the safeguard protection threshold value that sets, and current electric quantity allowed battery pack to external load discharge greater than 0% o'clock;
When the monomer voltage sampled value is lower than monomer voltage downscale protection set point or assembled battery total voltage when being lower than total voltage downscale protection set point by discharge; Or when arbitrary voltage, electric current, temperature sampling value exceed the safeguard protection threshold value that sets, end and discharge;
Discharge by the time, be changed to 0% like electric weight, then have only through overcharge or re-power reset make electric weight greater than 0% allow to recover discharge in the back; Be not changed to 0% like electric weight, then when trigger condition is removed, recovering discharge.
The step that battery pack is carried out the self discharge power managed of the present invention comprises:
At no external charge voltage and do not have under the holding state of external discharge load, when accumulative total reached dormancy and waited for setting-up time continuous time, management circuit got into the dormancy off-mode of lowest power consumption automatically;
Electric weight reduces to 0% when battery power discharge finishes, and waits in the setting-up time as when not having external charging voltage always and inserting, management circuit gets into the dormancy off-mode of lowest power consumption automatically owing electricity shutdown;
When management circuit gets into the dormancy off-mode automatically; Be not less than additional electric switch limit set point like battery; Then battery is modified to additional electric switch limit set point and subtracts 1% income value, so that battery pack in time obtains replenishing after the long period, dormancy was shelved;
Be in the dormancy off-mode at management circuit, moment is activated management circuit and gets into battery charger and makes state when external charging voltage inserts, and gets into the power backup holding state until charging by the back;
Under the operating state that has external charging voltage to insert, management circuit is consuming cells group energy not.
Among the present invention, the step that battery pack is heated management comprises: as indicating the battery temperature sampled value less than starting the heating threshold temperature, and when external charge voltage is arranged, start battery pack is heated; Stop the battery pack heating when stopping to heat threshold temperature two greater than stopping to heat threshold temperature one or arbitrary sign battery temperature sampled value when all indicate battery temperature sampled values, the set point that stops to heat threshold temperature two is greater than the set point that stops to heat threshold temperature one; Power down then stops heating like external charge voltage between the period of heating.
A kind of backup type lithium ion battery group management system, described battery management system comprises:
Power supply unit is used to said battery management system each several part element circuit working power is provided, and discerns whether the access of external charge voltage is arranged, and when having external charging voltage to insert, the power supply energy is taken from external power supply; When no external charging voltage inserted, the power supply energy was taken from battery pack self;
Data acquisition unit is used for terminal voltage, assembled battery total voltage, the charge/discharge current of real-time sampling battery pack series connection cell and indicates battery pack service data such as battery temperature/ambient temperature;
Memory cell is used for storage battery management preset parameter when the management system power down, comprises like the described each item threshold value of claim 1～5, threshold value and set point;
CPU MCU; The battery management preset parameter that is used for reading cells, the external charging voltage identification signal of detection power supply unit receives the real time data that data acquisition unit sends; Carry out identification of battery pack running status and battery estimation; Step of going forward side by side is carried out the computing of battery pack operational management control logic, outputs signal to other cell mesh of battery management system, realizes battery pack operation early warning and safeguard protection; Realization realizes self discharge power managed, heating management and telecommunication management to the intelligent charge management and the discharge management of battery pack;
The state indicating member; Be used to indicate current running status of battery pack and battery pack current electric quantity, the current running status of said battery pack comprises charged state, discharge condition, power backup holding state, unloaded holding state, alarm status, guard mode and dormancy off-mode;
Balanced unit is used for the charged state of each series connection cell is carried out balance, through the charging current of control bypass circuit difference cell;
Heating unit is used for battery pack is heated management;
Switch element is used for the charge circuit and the discharge loop of battery pack are carried out switch control, and the switching device of switch element is connected in the battery pack;
Communication unit, be used for and other smart machine between carry out data communication, can receive the operation that battery pack real-time running data and state information, down loading updating battery management preset parameter and remote control intervention battery pack are uploaded in host computer instruction.
Among the present invention; CPU is carried out the battery estimation: it is 50% that initial electric weight is set during electrification reset; Calculate the electric weight instantaneous value through current integration during the charge/discharge; Regularly deduct the self discharge set amount by self discharge correction setting cycle during the standby, latter stage is revised electric weight to 100% in charging, discharges and revises electric weight to 0% latter stage;
Wherein, described charging is revised electric weight to 100% and be latter stage: greater than monomer voltage upscale protection set point, and assembled battery total voltage is revised electric weight to 100% during greater than Full Charge Capacity voltage threshold set point as the monomer voltage sampled value; Or be lower than cut-off current thresholding set point when the charging current sampled value, and assembled battery total voltage is revised electric weight to 100% during greater than Full Charge Capacity voltage threshold set point;
Described discharge is revised electric weight to 0% and be latter stage: when the monomer voltage sampled value is lower than monomer voltage downscale protection set point or assembled battery total voltage when being lower than total voltage downscale protection set point, revise electric weight to 0%.
Management system of the present invention realizes the intelligent charge management of battery pack may further comprise the steps:
When all real-time sampling values do not exceed the safeguard protection threshold value that sets, and current electric quantity is lower than when replenishing electric switch limit set point, allows battery pack is charged, and CPU outputs signal to switch element, makes charge circuit closed;
As the monomer voltage sampled value during greater than monomer voltage upscale protection set point by charging; Or be lower than cut-off current thresholding set point when the charging current sampled value, and assembled battery total voltage during greater than Full Charge Capacity voltage threshold set point by charging; Or when arbitrary voltage, electric current, temperature sampling value exceed the safeguard protection threshold value that sets, end and charge; When charging, CPU outputs signal to switch element, and charge circuit is broken off;
When charging ends, be changed to 100%, then have only when electric weight is reduced to replenish to allow to recover to charge after electric switch is limit below the set point like electric weight; Be not changed to 100% like electric weight, then when trigger condition is removed, recovering charging; When recovering charging, CPU outputs signal to switch element, makes charge circuit closed;
In the charging process; As the monomer voltage sampled value greater than equalizing voltage thresholding set point; And and the difference between the minimum monomer voltage sampled value is during greater than balanced pressure reduction thresholding set point; CPU outputs signal to balanced unit, and the charging current of the corresponding monomer of bypass circuit difference through controlling this unit is to reach equalizing charge.
The present invention is through the reasonable setting to dependent thresholds, threshold value or set point; Can make the battery pack energy that compensation self discharge is in time lost during long-time power backup standby, and allow to reduce external charge voltage or promote Full Charge Capacity voltage threshold set point to make battery pack under the safe float charge voltage of long period, realize the charging balance of all series connection cells.
Management system of the present invention realizes following steps are drawn together in the intelligent discharge tube package management of battery pack:
When all real-time sampling values do not exceed the safeguard protection threshold value that sets, and current electric quantity allowed battery pack to external load discharge greater than 0% o'clock, and CPU outputs signal to switch element, makes discharge loop closed;
When the monomer voltage sampled value is lower than monomer voltage downscale protection set point or assembled battery total voltage when being lower than total voltage downscale protection set point by discharge; Or when arbitrary voltage, electric current, temperature sampling value exceed the safeguard protection threshold value that sets, end and discharge; When discharge, CPU outputs signal to switch element, and discharge loop is broken off;
Discharge by the time, be changed to 0% like electric weight, then have only through overcharge or re-power reset make electric weight greater than 0% allow to recover discharge in the back; Be not changed to 0% like electric weight, then when trigger condition is removed, recovering discharge.When recovering discharge, CPU outputs signal to switch element, makes discharge loop closed.
Management system of the present invention realizes that the self discharge power managed may further comprise the steps:
At no external charge voltage and do not have under the holding state of external discharge load, when accumulative total reached dormancy and waited for setting-up time continuous time, each element circuit of central processing unit controls management system got into the dormancy off-mode of lowest power consumption;
Electric weight reduces to 0% when battery power discharge finishes, and waits in the setting-up time as when not having external charging voltage always and inserting, each element circuit of central processing unit controls management system gets into the dormancy off-mode of lowest power consumption owing electricity shutdown;
When the management system circuit gets into the dormancy off-mode; Be not less than additional electric switch limit set point like battery; Then battery is modified to additional electric switch limit set point and subtracts 1% income value, to guarantee that battery pack in time obtains replenishing after the long period, dormancy was shelved; And,
Central processing unit controls is turn-offed by power supply unit and is distributed to the working power of other each element circuit and charging and the discharge loop that turn-offs battery pack, and CPU gets into the dormancy mode of operation of lowest power consumption simultaneously;
At the dormancy off-mode, when power supply unit has recognized the access of external charging voltage, wake-up CPU immediately, thereby each element circuit of activation managing system, and the entering battery charger is made state, entering power backup holding state after charging ends.
Under the operating state that has external charging voltage to insert, the management system circuit is consuming cells group energy not.
Following steps are drawn together in management system realization heating tube of the present invention package management: as indicating the battery temperature sampled value less than starting the heating threshold temperature; And when external charge voltage is arranged; CPU outputs signal to heating unit, connects heater block battery pack is heated; When all indicate battery temperature sampled values greater than stopping to heat threshold temperature one or arbitrary sign battery temperature sampled value when stopping to heat threshold temperature two, CPU outputs signal to heating unit, breaks off heater block and stops battery pack being heated.The set point that stops to heat threshold temperature two is greater than the set point that stops to heat threshold temperature one; Heater block in the heating unit is by the external charge power voltage supply, and power down is then heated and stopped like external charge voltage.
Beneficial effect of the present invention:
The present invention is intended to lithium ion battery is seamlessly inserted in the existing various backup power systems; Operating mode characteristics according to various back-up sources; Make the lithium ion battery group during the energy storage power backup of long period, remain sufficient energy, and when power backup is exported, keep sufficiently long charging time.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 representes a kind of lithium ion backup power system typical application sketch map;
Fig. 2 representes that one embodiment of the present of invention battery management system constitutes sketch map;
Fig. 3 representes the battery management main flow chart of one embodiment of the present of invention;
Fig. 4 representes the Charge Management flow chart of one embodiment of the present of invention;
Fig. 5 representes the discharge management flow chart of one embodiment of the present of invention.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and embodiment the present invention is further described.
Fig. 1 schematically show a kind of adopt the lithium ion battery group in support-48V dc power supply system.This power-supply system comprises battery management system 1, battery pack 2, rectification module 3, load 4, discharge switch 10, charge switch 11 and current sensor 12.
Battery pack 2 comprises a plurality of cells that are cascaded, and voltage measurement signal line and sensor for measuring temperature.Discharge switch 10, charge switch 11 and current sensor 12 are connected in the current circuit of battery module.
The original real-time data signal that will reflect the battery pack running status of voltage measurement signal line in the battery pack 2 and sensor for measuring temperature and current sensor 12 is sent to battery management system 1; After the battery management system 1 further Treatment Analysis; Output control signals to discharge switch 10 and charge switch 11, battery pack 2 is carried out the charge/discharge operation.
Electric main when input arranged, and after electric main was handled through AC/DC rectification module 3, output-48VDC (nominal value) provided load 4 desired power, when battery pack 2 is under-voltage, charged for battery pack 2 simultaneously; Under the situation of electric main outage, then provide electric energy to load 4 by the output of battery pack 2 power backups, continue operation to keep it.When battery pack 2 was lower than the piezoelectric voltage set point, 1 control of battery management system discharge switch 10 stopped the discharge of battery pack 2.
In the formation of meaning power-supply system shown in Figure 1; Use the maximum of lead-acid battery group not to be both with tradition, the lithium ion battery group need increase charge switch 11 in the loop, the lead-acid battery group is being full of electric continued and is being articulated in-48VDC (nominal value) bus on; Normally be in floating charge state for a long time; Then after being full of electricity, charge switch 11 is turn-offed in battery management system 1 control to battery pack 2 in Fig. 1, if battery management system 1 can not be estimated electric weight effectively and take effectively charging strategy; 2 of battery pack maybe be under the long-term situation that breaks away from bus power shortage, thereby can not guarantee enough power backup output times.
Fig. 2 schematically shows one embodiment of the present of invention battery management system and constitutes, and comprises power supply unit 201, data acquisition unit 202; Memory cell 203, CPU (MCU) 204, state indicating member 205; Balanced unit 206, heating unit 207, switch element 208 and communication unit 209.
CPU (MCU) 204 can be used universal microcontroller, like the AVR series monolithic of atmel corp; Be the core parts of battery management system; Intelligence software through being solidificated in wherein reaches following function: the battery management preset parameter in the reading cells 203, and the external charging voltage identification signal of detection power supply unit 201 receives the real time data that data acquisition unit 202 sends; Carry out identification of battery pack running status and battery estimation; Step of going forward side by side is carried out the computing of battery pack operational management control logic, outputs signal to other cell mesh of battery management system, realizes battery pack operation early warning and safeguard protection; Realization realizes self discharge power managed, heating management and telecommunication management etc. to the intelligent charge management and the discharge management of battery pack.The realization of crucial management function combines Fig. 3, Fig. 4 and Fig. 5 to do further description.
Fig. 3 schematically shows the battery management main flow of one embodiment of the present of invention.
Step S301 is that said battery management system takes place at the beginning of powering on or when being reset.Why illustrate step S301; Be for distinguishing with step S316, said battery management system is that step S316 will be activated again when inserting external voltage after the dormancy shutdown; Said battery management main flow skips steps S302, and begin to carry out from step S303.This be because; The schematic said battery management system of Fig. 2 is when dormancy is shut down; Its said power supply unit 201 still provides the lowest power consumption electric energy for said CPU 204; The operational factor of battery pack and state information still are kept among the RAM of said CPU 204, need not reinitialize.
At step S302; The initialization that is reset of said battery management system; It mainly acts on: the one, and the IO mouth and the program running sign of the said CPU 204 of correct configuration, the 2nd, each item management preset parameter that is stored in the said memory cell 203 is read in the program internal memory of said CPU 204.
At step S303, start the service datas such as voltage, electric current and temperature of said data acquisition unit 202 real-time sampling battery pack, sampled result is read by said CPU 204.
At step S304; Said CPU 204 is pressed preset time sheet integral and calculating charge value according to the current value that step S303 obtains, and when determining the self discharge correction setting cycle that satisfies in the said management preset parameter, deducts the self discharge set amount in the said management preset parameter.
At step S305, said CPU 204 is judged the current running status of battery pack according to the current value that step S303 obtains: when said current value greater than 0, then be charged state; When said current value less than 0, then be discharge condition; As equal 0 for holding state.Replenish a bit at this, because known detection error problem, said current value is 0 to be relative, comes down in a less undulating value scope, all to be defaulted as 0 value.
When at holding state, the external charging voltages that 204 of said CPU further detect said power supply units 201 insert identification signals, insert if any external charging voltage and then are judged as the power backup holding state, otherwise be judged as unloaded holding state.
At step S305, judge that when said CPU 204 battery pack runs on non-unloaded holding state, then said CPU 204 is waited for timing with dormancy described in the step S311 and is owed the electricity shutdown and wait for the timing zero clearing.
At step S305, said CPU 204 further according to all sampled datas of step S303 acquisition and the electric weight calculated value of step S304, compares with the upper limit or lower limit alarm threshold corresponding in the said management preset parameter,
And give alarm code with the comparative result assignment.If all data are all normal, then alarming code value is 0.
At step S306; Said CPU 204 is according to the current running status of the determined battery pack of step S305, charge value, warning information sign indicating number; And prohibit and fill protective emblem and firework control protective emblem; The output corresponding signal makes the user judge the current ruuning situation of battery pack intuitively to said state indicating member 205 through light or sound.
At step S307, the battery temperature value that said CPU 204 obtains according to step S303 and the external charging voltage of said power supply unit 201 insert identification signal, judge whether battery pack is heated or cancels heating.Less than the startup in said management preset parameter heating threshold temperature, and when external charge voltage was arranged, said CPU 204 outputed signal to said heating unit 207, connects heating as the battery temperature value; When all battery temperature values greater than stopping in the said management preset parameter heat threshold temperature 1 or arbitrary battery temperature value greater than in the said management preset parameter stop to heat threshold temperature 2 time; Perhaps during the power down of external charge voltage; Said CPU 204 outputs signal to said heating unit 207, breaks off heating.Stopping in the said management preset parameter heated the set point of threshold temperature 2 greater than the set point that stops to heat threshold temperature 1.
Step S308～step S310 is said CPU 204 next step redirect direction according to the determined four kinds of running statuses control of step S305 main flow: when being the charge operation state, then jump to step S313, will combine Fig. 4 to remake detailed description; When for the discharge running status, then jump to step S314, will combine Fig. 5 to remake detailed description; When being power backup standby running status, then jump to step S315; When being unloaded standby running status, then jump to step S311.
At step S311, be unloaded standby running status, said CPU 204 is carried out the continuous timing of dormancy stand-by period; After the circulation of several times main flow;, and when reaching dormancy in the said management preset parameter and waiting for setting-up time, that is to say not by step S305 zero clearing like this clocking value; In setting-up time is waited in said dormancy; Battery pack remains unloaded standby running status, so each element circuit of said CPU 204 control management system gets into the dormancy off-mode of lowest power consumption, i.e. step S312;
Or get into unloaded standby running status when electric weight reduces to 0% when battery power discharge finishes, at step S311, said CPU 204 is owed electricity shutdown continuous timing of stand-by period; After the circulation of several times main flow;, and reach and owe electricity shutdown when waiting for setting-up time in the said management preset parameter not by step S305 zero clearing like this clocking value, that is to say; Owe in the electricity shutdown wait setting-up time said; Battery pack remains unloaded standby running status, so each element circuit of said CPU 204 control management system gets into the dormancy off-mode of lowest power consumption, i.e. step S312.
Dormancy in the said management preset parameter waits for that setting-up time is greater than the electric shutdown wait setting-up time of owing in the said management preset parameter.
At step S312; When said battery management system circuit gets into the dormancy off-mode; Be not less than the additional electric switch limit set point in the said management preset parameter like battery; Then battery is modified to this additional electric switch limit set point and subtracts 1% income value, can guarantee that like this battery pack in time obtains replenishing after the long period, dormancy was shelved; And,
Said CPU 204 outputs signal to said power supply unit 201; The working power of distributing to other each element circuit is turn-offed in control; Said switch element 208 also turn-offs charging and discharge switch naturally, and simultaneously said CPU 204 gets into the dormancy mode of operation of lowest power consumption;
At step S311, do not arrive the dormancy cut-off condition when said CPU 204 judgements, then jump to step S315.
At step S315; Said CPU 204 is further according to all sampled datas of step S303 acquisition and the electric weight calculated value of step S304; Compare with safeguard protection threshold value corresponding in the said management preset parameter, and fill identity code and firework control identity code for corresponding the taboo comparative result assignment.Fill identity code or firework control identity code when non-vanishing when taboo, said CPU 204 outputs signal to said switch element 208, controls corresponding charge switch or discharge switch and breaks off; When taboo was filled identity code or firework control identity code and is zero, said CPU 204 outputed signal to said switch element 208, and it is closed to control corresponding charge switch or discharge switch.
At the dormancy off-mode; When said power supply unit 201 has recognized the access of external charging voltage; Be step S316, the said CPU 204 of wake-up immediately, thereby each element circuit of activation managing system; Accomplish the back of once circulating at main flow shown in Figure 3 under the normal condition and just can get into the charging operating state, end back entering power backup holding state until charging.
At meaning step S313 shown in Figure 3,, further describe below in conjunction with Fig. 4 for battery pack is carried out Charge Management.
At step S401; Monomer voltage value, total voltage value and charging current value that said CPU 204 obtains according to meaning step S303 shown in Figure 3; Judge whether that satisfying electric weight is full of cut-off condition: the monomer voltage value is arranged greater than the monomer voltage upscale protection set point in the said management preset parameter, and assembled battery total voltage is during greater than the Full Charge Capacity voltage threshold set point in the said management preset parameter; Or charging current value is lower than the cut-off current thresholding set point in the said management preset parameter, and assembled battery total voltage is during greater than the Full Charge Capacity voltage threshold set point in the said management preset parameter.
Reach electric weight and be full of cut-off condition when step S401 defines, then at step S402, said CPU 204 directly is changed to 100% with the current electric quantity value, and fills protective emblem in the step S404 value of putting to taboo.
At step S403; All sampled values that said CPU 204 obtains according to meaning step S303 shown in Figure 3; Compare with safeguard protection threshold value corresponding in the said management preset parameter; When exceeding the charging safeguard protection threshold value that sets, fill protective emblem to taboo in the step S404 value of putting.
At step S405, said CPU 204 outputs signal to said switch element 208, and charge circuit is broken off.
Two kinds of trigger conditions to step S401 and step S403 by charging; It is also different that corresponding taboo is filled the condition subsequent of protective emblem; The former is at step S314 and step S315, and the back is removed taboo and filled below electric weight is reduced to the additional electric switch limit set point in the said management preset parameter; The latter removes to prohibit when the corresponding sampled value of step S303 acquisition satisfies safeguard protection release set point condition corresponding in the said management preset parameter and fills at step S315;
Through step S401 and step S403; Allow battery pack to continue charging; At step S406; All monomer voltages that said CPU 204 obtains according to step S303, as monomer voltage greater than the equalizing voltage thresholding set point in the said management preset parameter, and and minimum monomer voltage between difference during greater than the balanced pressure reduction thresholding set point in the said management preset parameter; Said CPU 204 outputs signal to balanced unit 206, and the charging current of the corresponding cell of bypass circuit difference of controlling this unit is to reach equalizing charge.
At meaning step S314 shown in Figure 3,, further describe below in conjunction with Fig. 5 for management that battery pack is discharged.
At step S501; Said CPU 204 judges whether to satisfy the under-voltage cut-off condition of discharge: when having monomer voltage to be lower than the monomer voltage downscale protection set point in the said management preset parameter according to monomer voltage value and total voltage value that meaning step S303 shown in Figure 3 obtains; Or assembled battery total voltage is when being lower than the total voltage downscale protection set point in the said management preset parameter.
Reach the under-voltage cut-off condition of discharge when step S501 defines, then at step S502, said CPU 204 directly is changed to 0% with the current electric quantity value, and gives the firework control protective emblem in the step S504 value of putting.
At step S503; All sampled values that said CPU 204 obtains according to meaning step S303 shown in Figure 3; Compare with safeguard protection threshold value corresponding in the said management preset parameter; When exceeding the discharge safeguard protection threshold value that sets, give the firework control protective emblem in the step S504 value of putting.
At step S505, said CPU 204 outputs signal to said switch element 208, and discharge loop is broken off.
To two kinds of trigger conditions by discharge of step S501 and step S503, the condition subsequent of corresponding firework control protective emblem is also different, and the former only removes firework control after converting charged state into; The latter removes firework control then at step S315 when the corresponding sampled value of step S303 acquisition satisfies safeguard protection release set point condition corresponding in the said management preset parameter.
Though the present invention has combined exemplary embodiment to be described; But be understood that; The present invention is not limited to the disclosed embodiments, and in contrast, the present invention is intended to contain spirit and the various modifications in the scope that are contained in appended claims and is equal to setting.
The present invention does not relate to all identical with the prior art prior art that maybe can adopt of part and realizes.
Claims (10)
1. backup type lithium ion battery group management method is characterized in that this management method may further comprise the steps:
(a), the terminal voltage of series connection cell, assembled battery total voltage, charge/discharge current and sign battery temperature/ambient temperature in the real-time sampling battery pack;
(b), judge battery pack running status and estimating battery group electric weight through the real-time sampling value;
(c), through real-time sampling value and battery battery pack is carried out intelligent charge management and discharge management;
(d), carry out the self discharge power managed according to the battery pack running status;
(e), the sign battery temperature value through real-time sampling heats management to battery pack;
(f), when certain sampled value or battery surpass the upper limit that sets or lower limit alarm threshold, provide alarm signal;
(g), when certain sampled value surpasses the safeguard protection threshold value set, provide the protection alarm signal, control protection electric circuit action simultaneously is to being protected by administration battery pack; The scope of wherein, safeguard protection threshold value is greater than the scope of bound alarm threshold.
2. the described backup type lithium ion battery of root a tree name claim 1 group management method; The step that it is characterized in that described estimating battery group electric weight comprises: it is 50% that initial electric weight is set during electrification reset; Calculate the electric weight instantaneous value through current integration during the charge/discharge; Regularly deduct the self discharge set amount by self discharge correction setting cycle during the standby, latter stage is revised electric weight to 100% in charging, discharges and revises electric weight to 0% latter stage;
Wherein: described charging is revised electric weight to 100% and be latter stage: greater than monomer voltage upscale protection set point, and assembled battery total voltage is revised electric weight to 100% during greater than Full Charge Capacity voltage threshold set point as the monomer voltage sampled value; Or be lower than cut-off current thresholding set point when the charging current sampled value, and assembled battery total voltage is revised electric weight to 100% during greater than Full Charge Capacity voltage threshold set point;
Described discharge is revised electric weight to 0% and be latter stage: when the monomer voltage sampled value is lower than monomer voltage downscale protection set point or assembled battery total voltage when being lower than total voltage downscale protection set point, revise electric weight to 0%.
3. the described backup type lithium ion battery of root a tree name claim 1 group management method is characterized in that the described step that battery pack is carried out the intelligent charge management comprises:
When all real-time sampling values do not exceed the safeguard protection threshold value that sets, and current electric quantity is lower than when replenishing electric switch limit set point, allows battery pack is charged;
As the monomer voltage sampled value during greater than monomer voltage upscale protection set point by charging; Or be lower than cut-off current thresholding set point when the charging current sampled value, and assembled battery total voltage during greater than Full Charge Capacity voltage threshold set point by charging; Or when arbitrary voltage, electric current, temperature sampling value exceed the safeguard protection threshold value that sets, end and charge;
When charging ends, be changed to 100%, then have only when electric weight is reduced to replenish to allow to recover to charge after electric switch is limit below the set point like electric weight; Be not changed to 100% like electric weight, then when trigger condition is removed, recovering charging;
In the charging process; As the monomer voltage sampled value greater than equalizing voltage thresholding set point; And and the difference between the minimum monomer voltage sampled value is during greater than balanced pressure reduction thresholding set point, and the charging current through this monomer of control bypass circuit difference is to reach equalizing charge;
The described step that battery pack is carried out intelligence discharge management comprises:
When all real-time sampling values do not exceed the safeguard protection threshold value that sets, and current electric quantity allowed battery pack to external load discharge greater than 0% o'clock;
When the monomer voltage sampled value is lower than monomer voltage downscale protection set point or assembled battery total voltage when being lower than total voltage downscale protection set point by discharge; Or when arbitrary voltage, electric current, temperature sampling value exceed the safeguard protection threshold value that sets, end and discharge;
Discharge by the time, be changed to 0% like electric weight, then have only through overcharge or re-power reset make electric weight greater than 0% allow to recover discharge in the back; Be not changed to 0% like electric weight, then when trigger condition is removed, recovering discharge.
4. the described backup type lithium ion battery of root a tree name claim 1 group management method is characterized in that the described step that battery pack is carried out the self discharge power managed comprises:
At no external charge voltage and do not have under the holding state of external discharge load, when accumulative total reached dormancy and waited for setting-up time continuous time, management circuit got into the dormancy off-mode of lowest power consumption automatically;
Electric weight reduces to 0% when battery power discharge finishes, and waits in the setting-up time as when not having external charging voltage always and inserting, management circuit gets into the dormancy off-mode of lowest power consumption automatically owing electricity shutdown;
When management circuit gets into the dormancy off-mode automatically; Be not less than additional electric switch limit set point like battery; Then battery is modified to additional electric switch limit set point and subtracts 1% income value, so that battery pack in time obtains replenishing after the long period, dormancy was shelved;
Be in the dormancy off-mode at management circuit, moment is activated management circuit and gets into battery charger and makes state when external charging voltage inserts, and gets into the power backup holding state until charging by the back;
Under the operating state that has external charging voltage to insert, management circuit is consuming cells group energy not.
5. the described backup type lithium ion battery of root a tree name claim 1 group management method; It is characterized in that the described step that battery pack is heated management comprises: as indicating the battery temperature sampled value less than starting the heating threshold temperature; And when external charge voltage is arranged, start battery pack is heated; Stop the battery pack heating when stopping to heat threshold temperature two greater than stopping to heat threshold temperature one or arbitrary sign battery temperature sampled value when all indicate battery temperature sampled values, the set point that stops to heat threshold temperature two is greater than the set point that stops to heat threshold temperature one; Power down then stops heating like external charge voltage between the period of heating.
6. backup type lithium ion battery group management system is characterized in that described battery management system comprises:
Power supply unit is used to said battery management system each several part element circuit working power is provided, and discerns whether the access of external charge voltage is arranged, and when having external charging voltage to insert, the power supply energy is taken from external power supply; When no external charging voltage inserted, the power supply energy was taken from battery pack self;
Data acquisition unit is used for terminal voltage, assembled battery total voltage, the charge/discharge current of real-time sampling battery pack series connection cell and indicates battery pack service data such as battery temperature/ambient temperature;
Memory cell is used for storage battery management preset parameter when the management system power down, comprises like the described each item threshold value of claim 1～5, threshold value and set point;
CPU MCU; The battery management preset parameter that is used for reading cells, the external charging voltage identification signal of detection power supply unit receives the real time data that data acquisition unit sends; Carry out identification of battery pack running status and battery estimation; Step of going forward side by side is carried out the computing of battery pack operational management control logic, outputs signal to other cell mesh of battery management system, realizes battery pack operation early warning and safeguard protection; Realization realizes self discharge power managed, heating management and telecommunication management to the intelligent charge management and the discharge management of battery pack;
The state indicating member; Be used to indicate current running status of battery pack and battery pack current electric quantity, the current running status of said battery pack comprises charged state, discharge condition, power backup holding state, unloaded holding state, alarm status, guard mode and dormancy off-mode;
Balanced unit is used for the charged state of each series connection cell is carried out balance, through the charging current of control bypass circuit difference cell;
Heating unit is used for battery pack is heated management;
Switch element is used for the charge circuit and the discharge loop of battery pack are carried out switch control, and the switching device of switch element is connected in the battery pack;
Communication unit, be used for and other smart machine between carry out data communication, can receive the operation that battery pack real-time running data and state information, down loading updating battery management preset parameter and remote control intervention battery pack are uploaded in host computer instruction.
7. the described backup type lithium ion battery of root a tree name claim 6 group management system; It is characterized in that described CPU carries out battery estimation: it is 50% that initial electric weight is set during electrification reset; Calculate the electric weight instantaneous value through current integration during the charge/discharge; Regularly deduct the self discharge set amount by self discharge correction setting cycle during the standby, latter stage is revised electric weight to 100% in charging, discharges and revises electric weight to 0% latter stage;
Wherein, described charging is revised electric weight to 100% and be latter stage: greater than monomer voltage upscale protection set point, and assembled battery total voltage is revised electric weight to 100% during greater than Full Charge Capacity voltage threshold set point as the monomer voltage sampled value; Or be lower than cut-off current thresholding set point when the charging current sampled value, and assembled battery total voltage is revised electric weight to 100% during greater than Full Charge Capacity voltage threshold set point;
Described discharge is revised electric weight to 0% and be latter stage: when the monomer voltage sampled value is lower than monomer voltage downscale protection set point or assembled battery total voltage when being lower than total voltage downscale protection set point, revise electric weight to 0%.
8. the described backup type lithium ion battery of root a tree name claim 6 group management system is characterized in that this management system realizes the intelligent charge management of battery pack may further comprise the steps:
When all real-time sampling values do not exceed the safeguard protection threshold value that sets, and current electric quantity is lower than when replenishing electric switch limit set point, allows battery pack is charged, and CPU outputs signal to switch element, makes charge circuit closed;
As the monomer voltage sampled value during greater than monomer voltage upscale protection set point by charging; Or be lower than cut-off current thresholding set point when the charging current sampled value, and assembled battery total voltage during greater than Full Charge Capacity voltage threshold set point by charging; Or when arbitrary voltage, electric current, temperature sampling value exceed the safeguard protection threshold value that sets, end and charge; When charging, CPU outputs signal to switch element, and charge circuit is broken off;
When charging ends, be changed to 100%, then have only when electric weight is reduced to replenish to allow to recover to charge after electric switch is limit below the set point like electric weight; Be not changed to 100% like electric weight, then when trigger condition is removed, recovering charging; When recovering charging, CPU outputs signal to switch element, makes charge circuit closed;
In the charging process; As the monomer voltage sampled value greater than equalizing voltage thresholding set point; And and the difference between the minimum monomer voltage sampled value is during greater than balanced pressure reduction thresholding set point; CPU outputs signal to balanced unit, and the charging current of the corresponding monomer of bypass circuit difference through controlling this unit is to reach equalizing charge;
This management system realizes following steps are drawn together in the intelligent discharge tube package management of battery pack:
When all real-time sampling values do not exceed the safeguard protection threshold value that sets, and current electric quantity allowed battery pack to external load discharge greater than 0% o'clock, and CPU outputs signal to switch element, makes discharge loop closed;
When the monomer voltage sampled value is lower than monomer voltage downscale protection set point or assembled battery total voltage when being lower than total voltage downscale protection set point by discharge; Or when arbitrary voltage, electric current, temperature sampling value exceed the safeguard protection threshold value that sets, end and discharge; When discharge, CPU outputs signal to switch element, and discharge loop is broken off;
Discharge by the time, be changed to 0% like electric weight, then have only through overcharge or re-power reset make electric weight greater than 0% allow to recover discharge in the back; Be not changed to 0% like electric weight, then when trigger condition is removed, recovering discharge; When recovering discharge, CPU outputs signal to switch element, makes discharge loop closed.
9. the described backup type lithium ion battery of root a tree name claim 6 group management system is characterized in that this management system realizes that self discharge power managed may further comprise the steps:
At no external charge voltage and do not have under the holding state of external discharge load, when accumulative total reached dormancy and waited for setting-up time continuous time, each element circuit of central processing unit controls management system got into the dormancy off-mode of lowest power consumption;
Electric weight reduces to 0% when battery power discharge finishes, and waits in the setting-up time as when not having external charging voltage always and inserting, each element circuit of central processing unit controls management system gets into the dormancy off-mode of lowest power consumption owing electricity shutdown;
When the management system circuit gets into the dormancy off-mode; Be not less than additional electric switch limit set point like battery; Then battery is modified to additional electric switch limit set point and subtracts 1% income value, to guarantee that battery pack in time obtains replenishing after the long period, dormancy was shelved;
And central processing unit controls is turn-offed by power supply unit and is distributed to the working power of other each element circuit and charging and the discharge loop that turn-offs battery pack, and CPU gets into the dormancy mode of operation of lowest power consumption simultaneously;
At the dormancy off-mode, when power supply unit has recognized the access of external charging voltage, wake-up CPU immediately, thereby each element circuit of activation managing system, and the entering battery charger is made state, entering power backup holding state after charging ends;
Under the operating state that has external charging voltage to insert, the management system circuit is consuming cells group energy not.
10. the described backup type lithium ion battery of root a tree name claim 6 group management system; It is characterized in that this management system realizes that heating tube package management draws together following steps: as indicating the battery temperature sampled value less than starting the heating threshold temperature; And when external charge voltage is arranged; CPU outputs signal to heating unit, connects heater block battery pack is heated; When all indicate battery temperature sampled values greater than stopping to heat threshold temperature one or arbitrary sign battery temperature sampled value when stopping to heat threshold temperature two, CPU outputs signal to heating unit, breaks off heater block and stops battery pack being heated; The set point that stops to heat threshold temperature two is greater than the set point that stops to heat threshold temperature one; Heater block in the heating unit is by the external charge power voltage supply, and power down is then heated and stopped like external charge voltage.
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