CN102496991B - Backup lithium ion battery pack management method and management system thereof - Google Patents
Backup lithium ion battery pack management method and management system thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN102496991B CN102496991B CN201110445810.4A CN201110445810A CN102496991B CN 102496991 B CN102496991 B CN 102496991B CN 201110445810 A CN201110445810 A CN 201110445810A CN 102496991 B CN102496991 B CN 102496991B
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Abstract
The invention provides a backup lithium ion battery pack management method and a management system thereof. The method comprises the following steps: real-time data sampling, running state identification and electric quantity estimation, intelligent charging management and discharging management, self-discharge power consumption management, heating management, alarm and security protection. The cell management system comprises a power supply unit, a data acquisition unit, a storage unit, a micro control unit (MCU), a state indication unit, an equalization unit, a heating unit, a switch unit and a communication unit. The method and the system are aimed at seamlessly connecting a lithium ion battery to various present backup power supply systems, and according to working condition characteristics of various backup power supplies, a lithium ion battery pack always maintains sufficient energy in a long time energy storage reserve supply period and maintains an enough long reserve supply time in reserve supply output.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to lithium battery management method and battery management system, relate in particular to a kind of accumulation energy type lithium ion battery group management method of the application of power of formula in support and the battery management system of use the method.
Background technology
Energy supply device in support, using battery pack such as all kinds of power supplies fields such as UPS, be known, especially lead-acid battery group is applied in all trades and professions extremely extensively and profoundly, and lithium ion battery is because its input-output power is large, operating temperature range is wide, memory-less effect, non-maintaining, long-life and the real features such as environmental protection, become the leading role of the secondary cells such as alternative NI-G, ni-mh, plumbic acid.
In traditional powersupply system with backup battery group, be mainly to manage for lead-acid battery group, its management method is quite ripe and be bordering on standardization, medelling, and its basic step is as follows:
The voltage of Real-Time Monitoring battery pack, electric current and temperature;
Just during standing electric standby, battery pack works in floating charge state all the time;
During battery pack standby electric discharge, when voltage cuts off electric discharge lower than lower electric protection value;
Battery pack, after deep discharge, is syllogic Charge Management pattern: constant current is all filled, constant voltage and current limiting fills, floating charge;
According to battery pack temperature, even charging voltage, float charge voltage are carried out to correction-compensation;
Can deposit in advance according to battery feature the management parameters such as electric protection voltage, even charging voltage, float charge voltage, constant current point, current-limiting points.
Applying the battery management system of above-mentioned lead-acid battery group management method, is not to be integrated in lead-acid battery group conventionally, but as the part in main power source system monitoring circuit.Because lithium ion battery and lead-acid battery are two kinds of diverse electrochemical systems, there is very large difference in application characteristic, therefore adopt above-mentioned management method optimization not use lithium ion battery, that is to say the formula battery pack application in support of lithium ion battery group, be not suitable for being directly linked in the main power source system of using lead-acid battery management mode.
Application management for lithium ion battery group, itself and different being of maximum of lead-acid battery, existing lithium-ion electric pool technology is also not enough to support it for a long time in floating charge state, and this is mainly the potential safety hazard that can cause the irreversible inefficacy of lithium ion battery and be difficult to expect due to overcharging of long period.Therefore, need in Power supply loop, increase charge switch, so that the charging to battery pack in charging termination in latter stage.Thus, also just make the Charge Management of backup type lithium ion battery group complicated more a lot than lead-acid battery, on the one hand requirement can guarantee that each joint cell of lithium ion battery group is all full of electricity, can supplement in time during requiring on the other hand energy storage in the long period for electricity electric.
In the lithium ion battery applications in various fields such as electric tool, electric bicycle and electric automobile, it is known conventionally all needing to configure corresponding battery management system.In the concrete application of different field, the method that lithium ion battery group is managed is also not quite similar, and this depends on the concrete applying working condition of battery pack in different application.Although; various lithium ion battery management system realization of functionss are additives for overcharge protection, over, overcurrent protection, over-temperature protection and short-circuit protection etc. nothing more than; further electric weight estimation, health degree judgement and monomer balanced management etc.; but the implementation pattern of these management functions only has with the actual applying working condition of battery pack and combines, and has just likely really given play to the optimum performance of lithium ion battery.
In traditional powersupply system with backup battery group, applying maturely in a large number the applying working condition for lead-acid battery group, lithium ion battery group seamlessly to be substituted into, just lithium ion battery management mode and existing lead-acid battery management mode organically must be merged, according to the features of existing various back-up sources, make lithium ion battery group remain sufficient energy during the energy storage of long period is for electricity, and maintain sufficiently long charging time when standby electricity output.
Summary of the invention
Main purpose of the present invention is exactly for lithium ion battery group seamlessly being accessed in existing various backup power system, lithium ion battery management mode and existing lead-acid battery management mode are organically merged, according to the features of existing various back-up sources, make lithium ion battery group remain sufficient energy during the energy storage of long period is for electricity, and maintain sufficiently long charging time when standby electricity output.
For achieving the above object, the battery management system that the present invention proposes a kind of lithium ion battery group management method and uses the method, for managing the operating state of backup type lithium ion battery group.
Technical scheme of the present invention is:
A backup lithium ion battery pack management method, this management method comprises the following steps:
(a), in real-time sampling battery pack, connect cell terminal voltage, assembled battery total voltage, charge/discharge current and indicate battery temperature/ambient temperature;
(b), by real-time sampling value judgement battery pack running status estimating battery group electric weight;
(c), by real-time sampling value and battery electric quantity, battery pack is carried out to intelligent charge management and electric discharge management;
(d), according to battery pack running status, carry out self discharge power managed;
(e), the sign battery temperature value by real-time sampling heats management to battery pack;
(f), when certain sampled value or battery electric quantity surpass the upper limit that sets or lower limit alarm threshold, provide alarm signal;
(g), when certain sampled value surpasses the safeguard protection threshold value set, provide protection alarm signal, control protection electric circuit action simultaneously, to being managed battery pack protection; The scope of wherein, safeguard protection threshold value is greater than the scope of bound alarm threshold.
In the present invention, the step of estimating battery group electric weight comprises: it is 50% that initial quantity of electricity is set during electrification reset, during charge/discharge, by current integration, calculate electric weight instantaneous value, during standby, by self discharge correction setting cycle, regularly deduct self discharge set amount, latter stage is revised electric weight to 100% in charging, discharges and revises electric weight to 0% latter stage.
In the present invention, charging is revised electric weight to 100% and is latter stage: when there being monomer voltage sampled value to be greater than monomer voltage upscale protection set point, and assembled battery total voltage is while being greater than Full Charge Capacity voltage threshold set point, revises electric weight to 100%; Or when charging current sampled value is lower than cut-off current thresholding set point, and assembled battery total voltage is while being greater than Full Charge Capacity voltage threshold set point, revises electric weight to 100%.
In the present invention, electric discharge is revised electric weight to 0% and is latter stage: when having monomer voltage sampled value lower than monomer voltage downscale protection set point or assembled battery total voltage during lower than total voltage downscale protection set point, revise electric weight to 0%.
In the present invention, the step of battery pack being carried out to intelligent charge management comprises:
When all real-time sampling values do not exceed the safeguard protection threshold value setting, and current electric quantity is during lower than supplementary electric switch limit set point, allows battery pack to charge;
Cut-off charging when having monomer voltage sampled value to be greater than monomer voltage upscale protection set point; Or when charging current sampled value is lower than cut-off current thresholding set point, and assembled battery total voltage be greater than Full Charge Capacity voltage threshold set point time cut-off charging; Maybe when have arbitrary voltage, electric current, temperature sampling value to exceed to set safeguard protection threshold value time cut-off charging;
During charging cut-off, as electric weight is set to 100%, only has when electric weight is reduced to supplement after electric switch limits set point following and allow to recover charging; As electric weight is not set to 100%, when removing, cut-off trigger condition recovers charging;
In charging process, when there being monomer voltage sampled value to be greater than equalizing voltage thresholding set point, and when difference between minimum monomer voltage sampled value is greater than balanced pressure reduction thresholding set point, the charging current by controlling this monomer of bypass circuit difference is to reach equalizing charge.
In the present invention, by the reasonable setting to dependent thresholds, threshold value or set point, can make battery pack for timely during electric standby, compensate the energy that self discharge is lost long-time, and permission reduce external charge voltage or lifting Full Charge Capacity voltage threshold set point makes battery pack under the safe float charge voltage of long period, realize the charging balance of all series connection cells.
In the present invention, the step of battery pack being carried out to Intelligent discharge management comprises:
When all real-time sampling values do not exceed the safeguard protection threshold value setting, and current electric quantity is while being greater than 0%, allows battery pack to external load discharge;
When having monomer voltage sampled value lower than monomer voltage downscale protection set point or assembled battery total voltage time cut-off electric discharge lower than total voltage downscale protection set point; Maybe when have arbitrary voltage, electric current, temperature sampling value to exceed to set safeguard protection threshold value time cut-off electric discharge;
During electric discharge cut-off, as electric weight is set to 0%, only has through overcharging or re-powering after reset makes electric weight be greater than 0% and allow to recover electric discharge; As electric weight is not set to 0%, when removing, cut-off trigger condition recovers electric discharge.
The step that battery pack is carried out to self discharge power managed of the present invention comprises:
Under without external charge voltage and the holding state without external discharge load, when continuous time, accumulative total reached dormancy wait setting-up time, management circuit enters the dormancy off-mode of lowest power consumption automatically;
When battery power discharge finishes, electric weight is down to 0%, and in owing electricity shutdown wait setting-up time as while accessing without external charging voltage, management circuit enters the dormancy off-mode of lowest power consumption automatically always;
When management circuit enters dormancy off-mode automatically, as being not less than, battery electric quantity supplements electric switch limit set point, battery electric quantity is modified to supplementary electric switch limit set point and subtracts 1% income value, so that battery pack obtains in time supplementing electricity after the long period, dormancy was shelved;
At management circuit, in dormancy off-mode, when having the access of external charging voltage, moment is activated management circuit and enters battery charger and makes state, until enter standby electric holding state after charging cut-off;
Having under the operating state of external charging voltage access, management circuit is consuming cells group energy not.
In the present invention, the step that battery pack is heated to management comprises: when having, indicate battery temperature sampled value and be less than and start heating threshold temperature, and while having external charge voltage, start battery pack is heated; When all sign battery temperature sampled values are greater than, stop heating threshold temperature one or arbitrary sign battery temperature sampled value and be greater than while stopping heating threshold temperature two and stop battery pack heating, the set point that stops heating threshold temperature two is greater than the set point that stops heating threshold temperature one; Between the period of heating, as external charge voltage, power down stops heating.
A backup type lithium-ion battery pack managing system, described battery management system comprises:
Power supply unit, is used to described battery management system each several part element circuit that working power is provided, and identifies whether there is the access of external charge voltage, when having the access of external charging voltage, for electric flux, is taken from external power supply; When accessing without external charging voltage, for electric flux, be taken from battery pack self;
Data acquisition unit, for real-time sampling battery pack connect cell terminal voltage, assembled battery total voltage, charge/discharge current and indicate the battery pack service datas such as battery temperature/ambient temperature;
Memory cell, for the management of storage battery when management system power down preset parameter, comprises every threshold value, threshold value and set point as described in claim 1～5;
CPU MCU, battery management preset parameter for reading cells, detect the external charging voltage identification signal of power supply unit, receive the real time data that data acquisition unit sends, carry out battery pack running state recognition and battery electric quantity estimation, and further carry out the computing of battery pack operational management control logic, output signal to other cell mesh of battery management system, realize battery pack operation early warning and safeguard protection, realization is to the intelligent charge management of battery pack and electric discharge management, realize self discharge power managed, heating management and telecommunication management,
State indication unit, be used to indicate the current running status of battery pack and battery pack current electric quantity, the current running status of described battery pack comprises charged state, discharge condition, standby electric holding state, unloaded holding state, alarm status, guard mode and dormancy off-mode;
Balanced unit, for carrying out balance to the charged state of each series connection cell, by controlling the charging current of bypass circuit difference cell;
Heating unit, for heating management to battery pack;
Switch element, for the charge circuit of battery pack and discharge loop are carried out to switch control, the switching device of switch element is connected in battery pack;
Communication unit, for and other smart machine between carry out data communication, can receive host computer instruction and upload the operation that battery pack is intervened in battery pack real-time running data and state information, down loading updating battery management preset parameter and remote control.
In the present invention, CPU is carried out battery electric quantity estimation: it is 50% that initial quantity of electricity is set during electrification reset, during charge/discharge, by current integration, calculate electric weight instantaneous value, during standby, by self discharge correction setting cycle, regularly deduct self discharge set amount, latter stage is revised electric weight to 100% in charging, discharges and revises electric weight to 0% latter stage;
Wherein, described charging is revised electric weight to 100% and be latter stage: when there being monomer voltage sampled value to be greater than monomer voltage upscale protection set point, and assembled battery total voltage is while being greater than Full Charge Capacity voltage threshold set point, revises electric weight to 100%; Or when charging current sampled value is lower than cut-off current thresholding set point, and assembled battery total voltage is while being greater than Full Charge Capacity voltage threshold set point, revises electric weight to 100%;
Described electric discharge is revised electric weight to 0% and be latter stage: when having monomer voltage sampled value lower than monomer voltage downscale protection set point or assembled battery total voltage during lower than total voltage downscale protection set point, revise electric weight to 0%.
Management system of the present invention realizes the intelligent charge management of battery pack is comprised the following steps:
When all real-time sampling values do not exceed the safeguard protection threshold value setting, and current electric quantity is during lower than supplementary electric switch limit set point, allows battery pack to charge, and CPU outputs signal to switch element, makes charge circuit closed;
Cut-off charging when having monomer voltage sampled value to be greater than monomer voltage upscale protection set point; Or when charging current sampled value is lower than cut-off current thresholding set point, and assembled battery total voltage be greater than Full Charge Capacity voltage threshold set point time cut-off charging; Maybe when have arbitrary voltage, electric current, temperature sampling value to exceed to set safeguard protection threshold value time cut-off charging; During cut-off charging, CPU outputs signal to switch element, and charge circuit is disconnected;
During charging cut-off, as electric weight is set to 100%, only has when electric weight is reduced to supplement after electric switch limits set point following and allow to recover charging; As electric weight is not set to 100%, when removing, cut-off trigger condition recovers charging; While recovering charging, CPU outputs signal to switch element, makes charge circuit closed;
In charging process, when there being monomer voltage sampled value to be greater than equalizing voltage thresholding set point, and when difference between minimum monomer voltage sampled value is greater than balanced pressure reduction thresholding set point, CPU outputs signal to balanced unit, and the charging current of the corresponding monomer of bypass circuit difference by controlling this unit is to reach equalizing charge.
The present invention is by the reasonable setting to dependent thresholds, threshold value or set point, can make battery pack for timely during electric standby, compensate the energy that self discharge is lost long-time, and permission reduce external charge voltage or lifting Full Charge Capacity voltage threshold set point makes battery pack under the safe float charge voltage of long period, realize the charging balance of all series connection cells.
Management system of the present invention realizes the Intelligent discharge management of battery pack is comprised the following steps:
When all real-time sampling values do not exceed the safeguard protection threshold value setting, and current electric quantity is while being greater than 0%, allows battery pack to external load discharge, and CPU outputs signal to switch element, makes discharge loop closed;
When having monomer voltage sampled value lower than monomer voltage downscale protection set point or assembled battery total voltage time cut-off electric discharge lower than total voltage downscale protection set point; Maybe when have arbitrary voltage, electric current, temperature sampling value to exceed to set safeguard protection threshold value time cut-off electric discharge; During cut-off electric discharge, CPU outputs signal to switch element, and discharge loop is disconnected;
During electric discharge cut-off, as electric weight is set to 0%, only has through overcharging or re-powering after reset makes electric weight be greater than 0% and allow to recover electric discharge; As electric weight is not set to 0%, when removing, cut-off trigger condition recovers electric discharge.While recovering electric discharge, CPU outputs signal to switch element, makes discharge loop closed.
Management system of the present invention realizes self discharge power managed and comprises the following steps:
Under without external charge voltage and the holding state without external discharge load, when continuous time, accumulative total reached dormancy wait setting-up time, each element circuit of central processing unit controls management system enters the dormancy off-mode of lowest power consumption;
When battery power discharge finishes, electric weight is down to 0%, and in owing electricity shutdown wait setting-up time as while accessing without external charging voltage, each element circuit of central processing unit controls management system enters the dormancy off-mode of lowest power consumption always;
When management system circuit enters dormancy off-mode, as being not less than, battery electric quantity supplements electric switch limit set point, battery electric quantity is modified to supplementary electric switch limit set point and subtracts 1% income value, to guarantee that battery pack obtains in time supplementing electricity after the long period, dormancy was shelved; And,
Central processing unit controls is turn-offed by power supply unit and is distributed to the working power of other each element circuit and the charging and discharging loop of turn-offing battery pack, and CPU enters the dormancy mode of operation of lowest power consumption simultaneously;
At dormancy off-mode, when power supply unit has recognized external charging voltage when access, wake-up CPU immediately, thus activate each element circuit of management system, and enter battery charger and make state, until enter standby electric holding state after charging cut-off.
Having under the operating state of external charging voltage access, management system circuit is consuming cells group energy not.
Management system of the present invention realizes heating management and comprises the following steps: when there being the battery temperature of sign sampled value to be less than, start heating threshold temperature, and while having external charge voltage, CPU outputs signal to heating unit, connects heater block battery pack is heated; When all sign battery temperature sampled values are greater than, stop heating threshold temperature one or arbitrary sign battery temperature sampled value and be greater than while stopping heating threshold temperature two, CPU outputs signal to heating unit, disconnects heater block and stops battery pack heating.The set point that stops heating threshold temperature two is greater than the set point that stops heating threshold temperature one; Heater block in heating unit is by external charge power voltage supply, and as external charge voltage, power down is heated and stopped.
Beneficial effect of the present invention:
The present invention is intended to lithium ion battery seamlessly to access in existing various backup power system, according to the features of various back-up sources, make lithium ion battery group remain sufficient energy during the energy storage of long period is for electricity, and maintain sufficiently long charging time when standby electricity output.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 represents a kind of lithium ion backup power system typical case application schematic diagram;
Fig. 2 represents that one embodiment of the present of invention battery management system forms schematic diagram;
Fig. 3 represents the battery management main flow chart of one embodiment of the present of invention;
Fig. 4 represents the Charge Management flow chart of one embodiment of the present of invention;
Fig. 5 represents the electric discharge management flow chart of one embodiment of the present of invention.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the present invention is further illustrated.
Fig. 1 schematically show a kind of adopt lithium ion battery group in support-48V DC power supply system.This power-supply system comprises battery management system 1, battery pack 2, rectification module 3, load 4, discharge switch 10, charge switch 11, and current sensor 12.
The original real-time data signal by reflection battery pack running status of the voltage measurement signal line in battery pack 2 and sensor for measuring temperature and current sensor 12 is sent to battery management system 1, after the further Treatment Analysis of battery management system 1, output control signals to discharge switch 10 and charge switch 11, battery pack 2 is carried out to charge/discharge operation.
Having electric main when input, electric main after AC/DC rectification module 3 is processed, output-48VDC(nominal value), provide load 4 needed power, when battery pack 2 is under-voltage, to battery pack 2, charge simultaneously; The in the situation that of electric main power-off, by the standby electricity output of battery pack 2, provide electric energy to load 4, to maintain it, continue operation.When battery pack 2 is during lower than lower piezoelectric voltage set point, 1 controlled discharge switch of battery management system 10 stops the electric discharge of battery pack 2.
In the formation of power-supply system illustrated in Figure 1, use the maximum of lead-acid battery group not to be both with tradition, lithium ion battery group need to increase charge switch 11 in loop, lead-acid battery group continues be articulated in-48VDC(nominal value after being full of electricity) on bus, normally for a long time in floating charge state, in Fig. 1, battery pack 2 is after being full of electricity, battery management system 1 is controlled and is turn-offed charge switch 11, if battery management system 1 can not effectively be estimated electric weight and take effectively charging strategy, 2 of battery pack may be at long-term power shortage depart from bus in the situation that, thereby can not guarantee enough standby electric output times.
Fig. 2 schematically shows one embodiment of the present of invention battery management system and forms, comprise power supply unit 201, data acquisition unit 202, memory cell 203, CPU (MCU) 204, state indication unit 205, balanced unit 206, heating unit 207, switch element 208 and communication unit 209.
CPU (MCU) 204, can use universal microcontroller, as the AVR series monolithic of atmel corp, the core parts of battery management system, by the intelligent software being solidificated in wherein, reach following function: the battery management preset parameter in reading cells 203, detect the external charging voltage identification signal of power supply unit 201, receive the real time data that data acquisition unit 202 sends, carry out battery pack running state recognition and battery electric quantity estimation, and further carry out the computing of battery pack operational management control logic, output signal to other cell mesh of battery management system, realize battery pack operation early warning and safeguard protection, realization is to the intelligent charge management of battery pack and electric discharge management, realize self discharge power managed, heating management and telecommunication management etc.The realization of crucial management function is further described in conjunction with Fig. 3, Fig. 4 and Fig. 5.
Fig. 3 schematically shows the battery management main flow of one embodiment of the present of invention.
Step S301 is that described battery management system occurs at the beginning of powering on or while being reset.Why illustrate step S301, be for being distinguished with step S316, described battery management system is after dormancy shutdown, when access external voltage is that step S316 will be reactivated, described battery management main flow skips steps S302, and start to carry out from step S303.This be because, the schematic described battery management system of Fig. 2 is when dormancy is shut down, described in it, power supply unit 201 is still for described CPU 204 provides lowest power consumption electric energy, the operational factor of battery pack and state information are still kept in the RAM of described CPU 204, do not need to reinitialize.
At step S302, the initialization that is reset of described battery management system, its Main Function: the one, IO mouth and the program running mark of the described CPU 204 of correct configuration, the 2nd, the every management preset parameter being stored in described memory cell 203 is read in the program internal memory of described CPU 204.
At step S303, start the service datas such as voltage, electric current and temperature of described data acquisition unit 202 real-time sampling battery pack, sampled result is read by described CPU 204.
At step S304, the current value that described CPU 204 obtains according to step S303 is pressed predetermined time sheet integral and calculating charge value, and when determining the self discharge correction setting cycle meeting in described management preset parameter, deducts the self discharge set amount in described management preset parameter.
At step S305, the current running status of current value judgement battery pack that described CPU 204 obtains according to step S303: when described current value is greater than 0, be charged state; When described current value is less than 0, it is discharge condition; As equal 0 for holding state.At this, supplement a bit, due to known detection error problem, described current value is 0 to be relative, is to be in fact all defaulted as 0 value within the scope of a less undulating value.
When at holding state, 204 of described CPU further detect the external charging voltages access identification signals of described power supply units 201, be judged as standby electric holding state, otherwise be judged as unloaded holding state if any the access of external charging voltage.
At step S305, when described CPU 204 judgement battery pack run on non-unloaded holding state, described CPU 204 is waited for timing by dormancy described in step S311 and is owed electricity shutdown and wait for timing zero clearing.
At step S305, all sampled datas that described CPU 204 further obtains according to step S303 and the electric weight calculated value of step S304, compare with the upper limit or lower limit alarm threshold corresponding in described management preset parameter,
And by comparative result assignment to alarm code.If all data are all normal, alarm code value is 0.
At step S306; described CPU 204 is according to the current running status of the determined battery pack of step S305, charge value, warning information code; and prohibit and fill protective emblem and firework control protective emblem; output corresponding signal, to described state indication unit 205, makes user judge intuitively the current ruuning situation of battery pack by light or sound.
At step S307, the battery temperature value that described CPU 204 obtains according to step S303 and the external charging voltage of described power supply unit 201 access identification signal, judge whether battery pack heat or cancel heating.When there being battery temperature value to be less than startup in described management preset parameter heating threshold temperature, and while having external charge voltage, described CPU 204 outputs signal to described heating unit 207, connects heating; When all battery temperature values be greater than stopping in described management preset parameter heat threshold temperature 1 or arbitrary battery temperature value be greater than in described management preset parameter stop heating threshold temperature 2 time, or during the power down of external charge voltage, described CPU 204 outputs signal to described heating unit 207, disconnects heating.The set point that stopping in described management preset parameter heated threshold temperature 2 is greater than the set point that stops heating threshold temperature 1.
Step S308～step S310, for described CPU 204 is controlled next step redirect direction of main flow according to the determined four kinds of running statuses of step S305: when being charge operation state, jump to step S313, be described in detail in connection with Fig. 4 again; When for electric discharge running status, jump to step S314, in connection with Fig. 5, be described in detail again; When being standby electric standby running status, jump to step S315; When being unloaded standby running status, jump to step S311.
At step S311, for unloaded standby running status, described CPU 204 is carried out the continuous timing of dormancy stand-by period, after the circulation of several times main flow, if this clocking value is not by step S305 zero clearing, and while reaching the dormancy wait setting-up time in described management preset parameter, that is to say, in setting-up time is waited in described dormancy, battery pack remains unloaded standby running status, so described CPU 204 each element circuits of control and management system enter the dormancy off-mode of lowest power consumption, i.e. step S312;
Or enter unloaded standby running status when electric weight is down to 0% when battery power discharge finishes, at step S311, described CPU 204 is owed electricity shutdown continuous timing of stand-by period, after the circulation of several times main flow, if this clocking value is not by step S305 zero clearing, and the electricity of owing reaching in described management preset parameter shuts down while waiting for setting-up time, that is to say, described, owe in electricity shutdown wait setting-up time, battery pack remains unloaded standby running status, so described CPU 204 each element circuits of control and management system enter the dormancy off-mode of lowest power consumption, be step S312.
Dormancy in described management preset parameter waits for that setting-up time is greater than the electric shutdown wait setting-up time of owing in described management preset parameter.
At step S312, when described battery management system circuit enters dormancy off-mode, as battery electric quantity be not less than as described in the supplementary electric switch limit set point of management in preset parameter, battery electric quantity is modified to this supplementary electric switch limit set point and subtracts 1% income value, can guarantee that like this battery pack obtains in time supplementing electricity after the long period, dormancy was shelved; And,
Described CPU 204 outputs signal to described power supply unit 201, control and turn-off the working power of distributing to other each element circuit, described switch element 208 also turn-offs charging and discharging switch naturally, and described CPU 204 enters the dormancy mode of operation of lowest power consumption simultaneously;
At step S311, when described CPU 204 judgements, do not arrive dormancy cut-off condition, jump to step S315.
At step S315; all sampled datas that described CPU 204 further obtains according to step S303 and the electric weight calculated value of step S304; compare with safeguard protection threshold value corresponding in described management preset parameter, and fill identity code and firework control identity code to corresponding the taboo comparative result assignment.When taboo, fill identity code or firework control identity code when non-vanishing, described CPU 204 outputs signal to described switch element 208, controls corresponding charge switch or discharge switch and disconnects; When taboo is filled identity code or firework control identity code and is zero, described CPU 204 outputs signal to described switch element 208, controls corresponding charge switch or discharge switch closed.
At dormancy off-mode, when described power supply unit 201 has recognized the access of external charging voltage, be step S316, CPU 204 described in wake-up immediately, thereby activate each element circuit of management system, at main flow shown in Fig. 3, complete once and just can enter charging operating state after circulation under normal circumstances, until enter standby electric holding state after charging cut-off.
At step S313 illustrated in Figure 3, for battery pack is carried out to Charge Management, below in conjunction with Fig. 4, further describe.
At step S401, monomer voltage value, total voltage value and charging current value that described CPU 204 obtains according to step S303 illustrated in Figure 3, judge whether that meeting electric weight is full of cut-off condition: have monomer voltage value to be greater than the monomer voltage upscale protection set point in described management preset parameter, and assembled battery total voltage is while being greater than the Full Charge Capacity voltage threshold set point in described management preset parameter; Or charging current value is lower than the cut-off current thresholding set point in described management preset parameter, and assembled battery total voltage is while being greater than the Full Charge Capacity voltage threshold set point in described management preset parameter.
When step S401 defines, reach electric weight and be full of cut-off condition, at step S402, described CPU 204 is directly set to 100% by current electric quantity value, and to taboo, fills protective emblem in the step S404 value of putting.
At step S403; all sampled values that described CPU 204 obtains according to step S303 illustrated in Figure 3; compare with safeguard protection threshold value corresponding in described management preset parameter; when having while exceeding the charging safeguard protection threshold value setting, in the step S404 value of putting, to taboo, fill protective emblem.
At step S405, described CPU 204 outputs signal to described switch element 208, and charge circuit is disconnected.
Two kinds of trigger conditions that cut-off is charged for step S401 and step S403, it is also different that corresponding taboo is filled the condition subsequent of protective emblem, the former is at step S314 and step S315, when electric weight is reduced to supplementary electric switch limit set point in described management preset parameter, removes taboo after following and fills; The latter, at step S315, removes to prohibit and fills when the corresponding sampled value of step S303 acquisition meets safeguard protection release set point condition corresponding in described management preset parameter;
Through step S401 and step S403, allow battery pack to continue charging, at step S406, all monomer voltages that described CPU 204 obtains according to step S303, when there being monomer voltage to be greater than the equalizing voltage thresholding set point in described management preset parameter, and when difference between minimum monomer voltage is greater than the balanced pressure reduction thresholding set point in described management preset parameter, described CPU 204 outputs signal to balanced unit 206, controls the charging current of the corresponding cell of bypass circuit difference of this unit to reach equalizing charge.
At step S314 illustrated in Figure 3, for management that battery pack is discharged, below in conjunction with Fig. 5, further describe.
At step S501, monomer voltage value and total voltage value that described CPU 204 obtains according to step S303 illustrated in Figure 3, judge whether to meet the under-voltage cut-off condition of electric discharge: while having monomer voltage lower than monomer voltage downscale protection set point in described management preset parameter; Or assembled battery total voltage is during lower than total voltage downscale protection set point in described management preset parameter.
When step S501 define reach electric discharge under-voltage cut-off condition, at step S502, described CPU 204 is directly set to 0% by current electric quantity value, and in the step S504 value of putting to firework control protective emblem.
At step S503; all sampled values that described CPU 204 obtains according to step S303 illustrated in Figure 3; compare with safeguard protection threshold value corresponding in described management preset parameter; when having while exceeding the electric discharge safeguard protection threshold value setting, in the step S504 value of putting to firework control protective emblem.
At step S505, described CPU 204 outputs signal to described switch element 208, and discharge loop is disconnected.
For two kinds of trigger conditions that cut-off is discharged of step S501 and step S503, the condition subsequent of corresponding firework control protective emblem is also different, and the former only removes firework control after being converted to charged state; Latter, at step S315, is removed firework control when the corresponding sampled value of step S303 acquisition meets safeguard protection release set point condition corresponding in described management preset parameter.
Although the present invention is described in conjunction with exemplary embodiment, but be understood that, the present invention is not limited to the disclosed embodiments, and in contrast, the present invention is intended to contain the various modifications in the spirit and scope that are contained in appended claims and is equal to setting.
The part that the present invention does not relate to all prior art that maybe can adopt same as the prior art is realized.
Claims (4)
1. a backup lithium ion battery pack management method, is characterized in that this management method comprises the following steps:
(a), in real-time sampling battery pack, connect cell terminal voltage, assembled battery total voltage, charge/discharge current and indicate battery temperature/ambient temperature;
(b), by real-time sampling value judgement battery pack running status estimating battery group electric weight;
(c), by real-time sampling value and battery electric quantity, battery pack is carried out to intelligent charge management and electric discharge management;
(d), according to battery pack running status, carry out self discharge power managed;
(e), the sign battery temperature value by real-time sampling heats management to battery pack;
(f), when certain sampled value or battery electric quantity surpass the upper limit that sets or lower limit alarm threshold, provide alarm signal;
(g), when certain sampled value surpasses the safeguard protection threshold value set, provide protection alarm signal, control protection electric circuit action simultaneously, to being managed battery pack protection; The scope of wherein, safeguard protection threshold value is greater than the scope of bound alarm threshold;
The step of wherein, battery pack being carried out to self discharge power managed comprises:
Under without external charge voltage and the holding state without external discharge load, when continuous time, accumulative total reached dormancy wait setting-up time, management circuit enters the dormancy off-mode of lowest power consumption automatically;
When battery power discharge finishes, electric weight is down to 0%, and in owing electricity shutdown wait setting-up time as while accessing without external charging voltage, management circuit enters the dormancy off-mode of lowest power consumption automatically always;
When management circuit enters dormancy off-mode automatically, as being not less than, battery electric quantity supplements electric switch limit set point, battery electric quantity is modified to supplementary electric switch limit set point and subtracts 1% income value, so that battery pack obtains in time supplementing electricity after the long period, dormancy was shelved;
At management circuit, in dormancy off-mode, when having the access of external charging voltage, moment is activated management circuit and enters battery charger and makes state, until enter standby electric holding state after charging cut-off;
Having under the operating state of external charging voltage access, management circuit is consuming cells group energy not.
2. Ju backup lithium ion battery pack management method claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that the described step that battery pack heat to management comprises: when having the battery temperature of sign sampled value to be less than to start, heat threshold temperature, and while having external charge voltage, start battery pack is heated; When all sign battery temperature sampled values are greater than, stop heating threshold temperature one or arbitrary sign battery temperature sampled value and be greater than while stopping heating threshold temperature two and stop battery pack heating, the set point that stops heating threshold temperature two is greater than the set point that stops heating threshold temperature one; Between the period of heating, as external charge voltage, power down stops heating.
3. a backup type lithium ion battery group management apparatus, is characterized in that described management device of battery pack comprises:
Power supply unit, is used to described management device of battery pack each several part element circuit that working power is provided, and identifies whether there is the access of external charge voltage, when having the access of external charging voltage, for electric flux, is taken from external power supply; When accessing without external charging voltage, for electric flux, be taken from battery pack self;
Data acquisition unit, for real-time sampling battery pack the connect terminal voltage, assembled battery total voltage, charge/discharge current of cell and the battery pack service data that indicates battery temperature/ambient temperature;
Memory cell, for the management of storage battery when management devices power down preset parameter, comprises every threshold value, threshold temperature value and set point as described in claim 1～2;
CPU, battery management preset parameter for reading cells, detect the external charging voltage identification signal of power supply unit, receive the real time data that data acquisition unit sends, carry out battery pack running state recognition and battery electric quantity estimation, and further carry out the computing of battery pack operational management control logic, output signal to other cell mesh of management device of battery pack, realize battery pack operation early warning and safeguard protection, realization is to the intelligent charge management of battery pack and electric discharge management, realize self discharge power managed, heating management and telecommunication management,
State indication unit, be used to indicate the current running status of battery pack and battery pack current electric quantity, the current running status of described battery pack comprises charged state, discharge condition, standby electric holding state, unloaded holding state, alarm status, guard mode and dormancy off-mode;
Balanced unit, for carrying out balance to the charged state of each series connection cell, by controlling the charging current of bypass circuit difference cell;
Heating unit, for heating management to battery pack;
Switch element, for the charge circuit of battery pack and discharge loop are carried out to switch control, the switching device of switch element is connected in battery pack;
Communication unit, for and other smart machine between carry out data communication, can receive host computer instruction and upload the operation that battery pack is intervened in battery pack real-time running data and state information, down loading updating battery management preset parameter and remote control;
This management devices is realized self discharge power managed and is comprised the following steps:
Under without external charge voltage and the holding state without external discharge load, when continuous time, accumulative total reached dormancy wait setting-up time, central processing unit controls management devices each several part element circuit enters the dormancy off-mode of lowest power consumption;
When battery power discharge finishes, electric weight is down to 0%, and in owing electricity shutdown wait setting-up time as while accessing without external charging voltage, central processing unit controls management devices each several part element circuit enters the dormancy off-mode of lowest power consumption always;
When management devices circuit enters dormancy off-mode, as being not less than, battery electric quantity supplements electric switch limit set point, battery electric quantity is modified to supplementary electric switch limit set point and subtracts 1% income value, to guarantee that battery pack obtains in time supplementing electricity after the long period, dormancy was shelved;
And central processing unit controls is turn-offed by power supply unit and distributed to the working power of other each several part element circuit and the charging and discharging loop of turn-offing battery pack, CPU enters the dormancy mode of operation of lowest power consumption simultaneously;
At dormancy off-mode, when power supply unit has recognized external charging voltage when access, wake-up CPU immediately, thus activate management devices each several part element circuit, and enter battery charger and make state, until enter standby electric holding state after charging cut-off;
Having under the operating state of external charging voltage access, management devices circuit is consuming cells group energy not.
4. Ju backup type lithium ion battery claimed in claim 3 group management apparatus, it is characterized in that this management devices realization heating management comprises the following steps: when there being the battery temperature of sign sampled value to be less than startup, heat threshold temperature, and while having external charge voltage, CPU outputs signal to heating unit, connects heater block battery pack is heated; When all sign battery temperature sampled values are greater than, stop heating threshold temperature one or arbitrary sign battery temperature sampled value and be greater than while stopping heating threshold temperature two, CPU outputs signal to heating unit, disconnects heater block and stops battery pack heating; The set point that stops heating threshold temperature two is greater than the set point that stops heating threshold temperature one; Heater block in heating unit is by external charge power voltage supply, and as external charge voltage, power down is heated and stopped.
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