CN102493398A - Vertical dock floating mooring device suitable for instantaneous amplitude variation of water level - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a vertical wharf floating mooring device suitable for instantaneous amplitude change of water level, which comprises a buoy, a traveling main wheel, a lateral balance wheel, a mooring bollard and the like. The mooring device is installed in the mooring chute on the vertical dock and is integrated with the dock. Under the joint action of flow velocity force, ship cable tension and pulsation force, the ship rises and falls according to its own buoyancy as the water level varies, and at the same time relies on the spring balance device to effectively avoid the "stuck" phenomenon in the process of walking. The mooring device is mainly suitable for vertical wharves in rivers where the water level changes instantaneously. That is, when the ship suddenly encounters the peak-shaving of the upstream power station and causes the water level to change instantaneously during the berthing and loading and unloading operation, the device can effectively float up and down with the water level. , not only can reduce the impact of water level changes on loading and unloading operations, but more importantly, can avoid major ship capsizing accidents caused by cable breakage caused by water level changes.

Description

Vertical dock floating mooring device suitable for instantaneous water level change

technical field

The invention relates to a dock mooring device, in particular to a vertical dock floating mooring device suitable for instantaneous water level variation.

Background technique

In the past 10 years, under the guidance of strategies such as the development of the western region, my country's inland water transport has developed rapidly, and the structure of inland water terminals has also continued to innovate. Among them, large vertical wharves are widely used in mountainous rivers in the western region due to their high mechanized loading and unloading efficiency and adaptability to annual water level fluctuations.

However, mountainous rivers usually have harsh hydrological conditions and complex channel conditions. In addition, the impact of peak regulation and concentrated flood discharge brought about by the construction of hydropower stations has increased the uncertainties in ship navigation and the difficulty of driving and manipulating. The frequent peak-shaving operation of the upstream power station will cause the water level of the downstream river to fluctuate greatly within a certain period of time. When some power stations are peak-shaving, the water level of the downstream river will vary by 6m/7~8h. The instantaneous rise and fall of the water level may cause the ship in loading and unloading operations to break the cable because it is too late to change the cable, which will cause the ship to capsize and cause casualties and huge economic losses.

At present, there are mainly the following three methods of mooring cables suitable for water level amplitude amplitude:

1. Layered mooring cables

When the water level changes, the position of the mooring cable is manually changed according to the position of the ship, so as to adapt to the requirements of the mooring cable when the water level changes. Layered mooring cables have simple working principle and convenient construction, and are widely used in vertical docks. However, when the water level varies greatly instantaneously, due to the hysteresis of its operation, the layered mooring cable can easily cause serious accidents such as cable detachment and hull capsizing, and the layered mooring cable is operated by manpower. It poses a great threat to the life safety of operators. Therefore, the application range of layered mooring cables is limited, and it is not suitable for use in vertical docks where the water level varies greatly instantaneously.

2. Barge

The barge wharf is commonly known as the "barge plus springboard" transportation method, which consists of a flat-bottomed rectangular non-self-propelled ship and a trestle. The barge is mainly used to dock ships, and the trestle is used to connect the barge and the river bank. It is a kind of floating dock for transporting passengers up and down or loading and unloading goods. When the water level of the river changes, the barge can move according to the rise and fall of the water level at any time, so it has a strong adaptability to the amplitude of the water level. However, the barge usually relies on manual cable change and cable routing. When encountering the instantaneous amplitude of the water level, it is difficult to rely on manpower The barge moves with the water level.

3. Floating mooring device

In recent years, experts and scholars have proposed many solutions in order to solve the problem of ship mooring cables with large instantaneous water level fluctuations. The basic principle of most of the solutions is to use buoyancy to make the bollard float up and down with the water level. In this way, the bollard and the ship are basically kept relatively still, thereby solving the safety mooring problem caused by the amplitude of the water level. Through the research on a series of existing floating mooring devices, we found that most of these devices are still in the research stage, and there are still some problems in the actual use process.

The Chinese patent whose publication number is CN 201236337 discloses a dock mooring device. The dock mooring device is composed of two steel columns, buoys, mooring piles and connecting steel cables or iron chains. The two steel columns are welded at both ends. The blue is fixed in the inner and outer layers of the mooring structure of the pier, and the buoy is hooped on the steel column and can slide up and down. Although the wharf mooring device can use buoyancy to solve the ship mooring problem when the water level varies to a certain extent, it is only suitable for waterways with small water level fluctuations. In the turbulent river channel, the stress strength of the dock mooring device and the operation mode of the buoy are difficult to meet the requirements of changes with the water level. What is important is that the dock mooring device does not have the technology to prevent the buoy device from being stuck due to the complex force question.

The present invention aims to explore a vertical wharf floating mooring device suitable for instantaneous water level variation. The vertical wharf floating mooring device suitable for instantaneous water level variation can learn from the successful experience of floating mooring devices in ship locks , developed a floating mooring device with high stress strength, large buoyancy and no jamming, and can be applied to waterway wharves with turbulent water flow and large lateral flow velocity.

Contents of the invention

The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to propose a vertical wharf floating mooring device suitable for instantaneous water level variation. The vertical wharf floating mooring device suitable for water level instantaneous The buoyancy of buoys not only has the advantages of high strength and buoyancy, but also can work normally under complex stress conditions without being stuck, and can be applied to river wharves with turbulent water flow, large lateral flow velocity and large instantaneous water level changes.

To achieve the above-mentioned technical purpose, the present invention is applicable to the vertical wharf floating mooring device for instantaneous water level variation, including buoys, bollards and bollards, the bollards and the buoys are integrally arranged, the The bollards are symmetrically provided with four walking main wheels for reducing frictional resistance, and a spring balance device corresponding to the walking main wheels; the spring balance device includes a spring, a side wheel bracket, a hinged The lateral balance wheel at the front end of the side wheel bracket and the connecting plate fixedly connected with the main walking wheel shaft; the rear end of the side wheel bracket and the connecting plate are provided with mutually movable telescopic rods; the spring It is located between the connecting plate and the side wheel bracket and is set on the telescopic rod; the buoy track matching the buoy is provided on the bollard, and the two side walls of the buoy track are correspondingly provided with The main traveling wheel slides in the groove, the main traveling wheel cooperates with the side wall of the groove, and the lateral balance wheel cooperates with the groove bottom of the groove.

Further, the buoy is made of fiberglass material, which not only has sufficient strength and rigidity, but also has a lighter weight and greater buoyancy;

Further, the buoy is provided with horizontal and vertical partitions for strengthening strength;

Further, a bushing made of copper alloy, bakelite or composite material is provided between the main walking wheel and the rotating shaft of the main walking wheel;

Further, the main walking wheel is a cantilever rolling support roller made of alloy cast steel strengthened on the surface plane;

Further, the spring damping coefficients of the two spring balance devices located on the diagonal are equal;

Further, the bollards are poured with concrete, and steel plates are laid in the buoy track and the groove.

The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows.

1. The cable pull force on the floating mooring device mainly comes from two directions: one is the pull force of the ship cable perpendicular to the shoreline, and the other is the flow velocity force in the downstream direction and the pulsating force of the water flow, which is different from the force of the ship lock. Yes, the ships in the lock chamber of the docked ship lock mainly move vertically with the water level, while the ships docked at the wharf will also generate a large lateral force under the action of the river current, which not only produces a large cable The pulling force will also cause greater resistance to the buoy, which will cause the mooring device to be easily stuck during the lifting process;

The present invention is suitable for the vertical wharf floating mooring device of the water level instantaneously. By setting the bollard integrated with the buoy, and symmetrically setting four walking main wheels on the bollard, it can effectively strengthen the mooring device perpendicular to the shoreline. The force performance in the direction, and by enhancing the force performance of the bollard, the mooring device can withstand a greater pulling force of the ship's cable; by setting a spring balance device on the main wheel shaft of the travel, under the action of the spring force, it can not only The mooring device of the present invention can withstand a relatively large flow velocity force, and under the balance force of the spring balance device, the buoy can automatically adjust the movement posture, overcome the pulsation force generated by complex waves in the river, and keep the buoy in a dynamic balance state. Prevent the buoy from being stuck during the movement;

By setting the buoy track matched with the buoy on the bollard, the buoy overcomes the friction force and its own weight to slide up and down in the buoy track under the action of buoyancy, and the main walking wheel and the lateral balance wheel are respectively arranged on the side wall of the buoy track. The grooves on the buoy are matched to reduce the movement resistance of the buoy, so that the mooring device of the present invention can work smoothly in the case of a large instantaneous change in water level, and there will be no hysteresis when layering the mooring. By setting a spring balance device to Balance the force of the hull swing caused by the turbulence of the water flow, which can effectively prevent the buoy from being stuck, so that the floating mooring device of the present invention, which is applicable to the instantaneous amplitude change of the water level, can be applied to complex waterways with turbulent water flow and large lateral flow velocity;

The working principle of the spring balance device of the present invention is as follows: the force on the main wheel of the walk can be qualitatively known from the direction of the tension of the ship cable, so that the spring stiffness coefficient can be determined according to the force on the lateral balance wheel. Unevenness causes the deflection of the buoy, and the displacement of the telescopic rod and the spring relative to the bottom of the groove is unequal; according to Hooke's law, in the case of equal force, the greater the stiffness coefficient, the smaller the displacement, which is balanced by the spring force Due to the irregular flow velocity force and pulsation force generated by the turbulent water flow in the river channel, the buoy is adjusted by the spring balance device during operation, so that it is in a dynamic balance state, so as to achieve the purpose of preventing jamming.

2. FRP material is used to make buoys. First of all, FRP material is better than cast steel in terms of strength and performance, and the molding process is better, and the density of FRP is about 1/4 of steel, which greatly reduces the weight of the buoy and provides enough buoyancy for the whole set of devices. , so that the mooring device can be freely lifted and lowered in the chute.

3. Set the spring resistance coefficients located on the diagonal to be equal. When the buoy swings due to turbulent water flow, the buoy can swing around the center of the bollard to automatically adjust the movement posture of the buoy to maintain a dynamic balance state. , can more effectively prevent the buoy from being stuck during the movement.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a structural schematic diagram of an embodiment of a floating mooring device suitable for instantaneous water level amplitude variation according to the present invention;

Fig. 2 is the structure schematic diagram of buoy of the present invention;

Fig. 3 is a structural schematic diagram of a spring balance device;

Figure 4 is a sectional view of the bollard.

Explanation of reference signs:

1-pontoon; 2-walking main wheel; 3-bollard; 4-spring; 5-side wheel bracket; 6-lateral balance wheel; 7-connecting plate; Bollard; 11-pontoon track; 12-groove; 13-ship.

Detailed ways

The specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below in combination with the specific embodiments.

As shown in FIG. 1 , it is a structural schematic diagram of an embodiment of a floating mooring device suitable for instantaneous water level variation according to the present invention. This embodiment is suitable for the floating mooring device of water level instantaneous amplitude and comprises buoy 1, bollard 3 and bollard 10, and described bollard 3 and described buoy 1 are integrally arranged, and described bollard 3 Four traveling main wheels 2 for reducing frictional resistance are symmetrically arranged on the upper side, and spring balance devices corresponding to the traveling main wheels 2 are arranged one by one. As shown in Figures 2 and 3, the spring balancing device includes a spring 4, a side wheel bracket 5, a lateral balance wheel 6 hinged at the front end of the side wheel bracket 5, and a connecting plate fixedly connected to the rotating shaft of the main walking wheel 2 7. The rear end of the side wheel bracket 5 and the connecting plate 7 are provided with telescopic rods that cooperate with each other. The telescopic rod in this embodiment is composed of the sleeve rod 8 arranged on the side wheel bracket 5 and the sleeve rod 8 arranged on the connecting plate. The sleeve 9 is formed, and is reset by the spring 4 arranged between the side wheel bracket 5 and the connecting plate 7 and sleeved on the sleeve 9 . The spring 4 is located between the connecting plate 7 and the side wheel bracket 5 and is sleeved on the telescopic rod. The bollard 10 is provided with a buoy track 11 matching the buoy 1, and the two side walls of the buoy track 11 are correspondingly provided with sliding grooves 12 for the main wheel of travel, and the main wheel of travel 2 Cooperating with the side wall of the groove 12, the lateral balance wheel 6 is cooperating with the bottom of the groove 12.

The cable pull force on the floating mooring device mainly comes from two directions: one is the pull force of the ship cable perpendicular to the shoreline, and the other is the flow velocity force in the downstream direction and the pulsation force of the water flow. Different from the force of the ship lock, the ship in the lock chamber of the docked ship lock mainly moves vertically with the rise and fall of the water level, while the ship at the dock will generate a large lateral force under the action of the river current, which not only Larger cable pulling force will be generated, which will also cause greater resistance to the buoy, which will cause the mooring device to be easily stuck during the lifting process.

This embodiment is suitable for the vertical wharf floating mooring device with instantaneous water level variation. By setting the bollard 3 integrated with the buoy 1, and symmetrically setting four walking main wheels 2 on the bollard 3, it can effectively strengthen the The force performance in the direction perpendicular to the river channel, and by strengthening the size and force strength of the bollard, the mooring device can withstand greater ship cable tension. By arranging a spring balance device on the rotating shaft of the walking main wheel 2, under the action of the spring force, not only can the mooring device of this embodiment be able to withstand a larger flow rate force, but also under the balance force of the spring balance device, the buoy can Automatically adjust the movement posture, overcome the pulsation force generated by complex waves in the river, keep the buoy in a dynamic balance state, and prevent the buoy from being stuck during the movement.

By setting the buoy track 11 matched with the buoy 1 on the bollard 3, the buoy 1 slides up and down in the buoy track 11 under the action of buoyancy against the friction force and its own weight, and the traveling main wheel 2 and the lateral balance wheel 6 are respectively Cooperate with the grooves arranged on the side wall of the buoy track 11 to reduce the movement resistance of the buoy, so that the mooring device of this embodiment can work smoothly in the river channel with a large instantaneous water level change, and there will be no problems when layering the mooring cables. Hysteresis, by setting a spring balance device to balance the force of the hull swing caused by the turbulence of the water flow, it can effectively prevent the buoy 1 from getting stuck, so that the floating mooring device suitable for the instantaneous amplitude of the water level in this embodiment can be applied to the turbulence of the water flow , a complex channel with a large lateral velocity.

The working principle of the spring balance device of this embodiment is as follows: under the tension of the ship's cable, the force direction of the main wheel 2 can be qualitatively known, and the tension of the ship's cable is perpendicular to the direction of the shoreline, and is mainly borne by the main wheel 2 and the bollard 3 ; The lateral balance wheel mainly bears the flow velocity force and the pulsating force produced by the water flow wave, so the spring stiffness coefficient can be determined according to the force of the lateral balance wheel 6. Due to the turbulent flow of the river, the force of the lateral balance wheel 6 is not uniform, resulting in The buoy 1 is deflected, and the displacement of the telescopic rod and the spring 4 relative to the bottom of the groove 12 is unequal; it can be known from Hooke's law that under the same force, the greater the stiffness coefficient, the smaller the displacement. The spring force is used to balance the irregular flow velocity force and pulsation force caused by the turbulence of the water flow in the river, so that the buoy 1 is adjusted by the spring balance device during operation, so that it is in a dynamic balance state, so as to achieve the anti-jamming effect Purpose.

Preferably, the buoy 1 is a fiberglass buoy made of glass fiber reinforced plastic, and the buoy 1 is provided with horizontal and vertical partitions for strengthening strength. FRP material is better than cast steel in terms of strength and molding process, but its plasticity is slightly weaker, but it does not affect the safety and reliability of buoy 1, and the density of FRP is about 1/4 of that of steel, which greatly reduces the weight of buoy 1 , can provide enough buoyancy for the device, so that the buoy mooring device can freely rise and fall in the chute of the bollard.

Preferably, a shaft sleeve made of copper alloy, bakelite or composite material is provided between the shaft hole of the main walking wheel 2 and the rotating shaft of the main walking wheel 2, and the main walking wheel 2 is made of an alloy reinforced by a surface plane. The cantilever type rolling support roller made of cast steel, the traveling main wheel 2 with this structure has the advantages of small frictional resistance, high pressure bearing, simple manufacture, installation and use, economical and reliable.

Preferably, the damping coefficients of the springs 4 of the two spring balance devices located on the diagonal are equal, and the resistance coefficients of the springs 4 located on the diagonal are set to be equal, so that when the buoy 1 swings due to turbulent water flow, The buoy 1 can automatically adjust the movement posture of the buoy by swinging around the center of the bollard 3 so as to maintain a dynamic balance state, which can more effectively prevent the buoy from being stuck during the movement.

Preferably, as shown in Figure 4, the bollard 10 is formed by pouring concrete, and steel plates are laid in the buoy track 11 and the groove 12, and small steel bars are riveted between the steel plate and the track, and are connected with the walking The steel plates in the groove 12 where the main wheel 2 and the lateral balance wheel 6 match are partially reinforced, and the buoy 1 can be placed in the buoy track 11 and slide up and down under the action of buoyancy. In order to facilitate the mooring of the ship 13, the buoy track 11 should be Stretch forward as far as possible, and near the wharf front, the buoy track 11 of the present embodiment is the circle that matches with the buoy. When arranging the wharf, two bollards need to be arranged in one berth, and two columns of anti-collision guards are arranged on the left and right sides of the opening of the buoy track 11 of the bollards. When the ship 13 is docked, the guards can play a certain protective role . The mooring bollard 10 in this embodiment has a stable structure and is used at the front of the wharf. It integrates the dual functions of berthing and mooring, and has high comprehensive use benefits.

Finally, it is noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention without limitation. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that the technical solutions of the present invention can be carried out Modifications or equivalent replacements without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solution of the present invention shall be covered by the claims of the present invention.

Claims (7)

1. vertivcal quay floating warping appliances that is applicable to the instantaneous luffing of water level; Comprise floating drum, mooring dolphin and bollard; It is characterized in that: said mooring dolphin and said floating drum are and are wholely set; Be provided with four walking main wheels of the resistance that is used to reduce friction on the said mooring dolphin in twos symmetrically, and with the spring equalizing device of the corresponding one by one setting of said walking main wheel; Said spring equalizing device comprises spring, side wheel support, is hinged on the side direction stabilizer and the junction plate that is fixedly connected with the rotating shaft of said walking main wheel of said side wheel support front end; The rear end of said side wheel support and junction plate are provided with the mutual movable expansion link that cooperates; Said spring is between said junction plate and side wheel support and be sleeved on this expansion link; Said bollard is provided with the floating drum track that is complementary with said floating drum; Be provided with the groove that the main wheel that is used to walk slides on the two side of said floating drum track accordingly; Said walking main wheel matches with the sidewall of said groove, and said side direction stabilizer matches with said groove bottom land.

2. the vertivcal quay floating warping appliances that is applicable to the instantaneous luffing of water level according to claim 1 is characterized in that: said floating drum is processed for adopting glass-reinforced plastic material.

3. the vertivcal quay floating warping appliances that is applicable to the instantaneous luffing of water level according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that: be provided with the horizontal midfeather that is used to strengthen intensity in the said floating drum.

4. the vertivcal quay floating warping appliances that is applicable to the instantaneous luffing of water level according to claim 2 is characterized in that: be provided with the axle sleeve that adopts copper alloy, bakelite or composite material to process between said walking main wheel and the rotating shaft of walking main wheel.

5. the vertivcal quay floating warping appliances that is applicable to the instantaneous luffing of water level according to claim 4 is characterized in that: said walking main wheel is for adopting the cantilevered rolling bearing roller of processing through the alloy cast steel of table plane reinforcement.

6. the vertivcal quay floating warping appliances that is applicable to the instantaneous luffing of water level according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that: the said spring damping coefficient that is positioned at two spring equalizing devices on the diagonal equates.

7. the vertivcal quay floating warping appliances that is applicable to the instantaneous luffing of water level according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that: said bollard forms with concreting, and all is equipped with steel plate in said floating drum track and the groove.

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