CN102485731B - 杂配、双三齿钌配合物以及敏化染料太阳能电池制备 - Google Patents
杂配、双三齿钌配合物以及敏化染料太阳能电池制备 Download PDFInfo
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- CN102485731B CN102485731B CN201010588469.3A CN201010588469A CN102485731B CN 102485731 B CN102485731 B CN 102485731B CN 201010588469 A CN201010588469 A CN 201010588469A CN 102485731 B CN102485731 B CN 102485731B
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- solar cell
- ruthenium
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- 239000012327 Ruthenium complex Substances 0.000 title abstract 2
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 title abstract 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title description 11
- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical group [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 125000004093 cyano group Chemical group *C#N 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 125000005865 C2-C10alkynyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 25
- 230000001235 sensitizing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 22
- -1 pyrryl Chemical group 0.000 claims description 18
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 11
- 125000003368 amide group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 11
- 125000004366 heterocycloalkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- XPDWGBQVDMORPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N trifluoromethane acid Natural products FC(F)F XPDWGBQVDMORPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000005428 anthryl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C2C([H])=C3C(*)=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C3=C([H])C2=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000003983 fluorenyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=2C3=CC=CC=C3CC12)* 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000002541 furyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000002883 imidazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000001624 naphthyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000002971 oxazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000005561 phenanthryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000001725 pyrenyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000004076 pyridyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000000714 pyrimidinyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000002294 quinazolinyl group Chemical group N1=C(N=CC2=CC=CC=C12)* 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000005493 quinolyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000000335 thiazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000005956 isoquinolyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims 2
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 abstract description 15
- 125000001072 heteroaryl group Chemical group 0.000 abstract description 12
- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 abstract description 6
- 125000002023 trifluoromethyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)* 0.000 abstract description 6
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 abstract description 5
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 3
- 125000002467 phosphate group Chemical group [H]OP(=O)(O[H])O[*] 0.000 abstract 2
- 125000000008 (C1-C10) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 abstract 1
- 125000006374 C2-C10 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 abstract 1
- XFXPMWWXUTWYJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyanide Chemical compound N#[C-] XFXPMWWXUTWYJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- RRBYUSWBLVXTQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N tricyclene Chemical compound C12CC3CC2C1(C)C3(C)C RRBYUSWBLVXTQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- RRBYUSWBLVXTQN-VZCHMASFSA-N tricyclene Natural products C([C@@H]12)C3C[C@H]1C2(C)C3(C)C RRBYUSWBLVXTQN-VZCHMASFSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 29
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 21
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 12
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N DMSO Substances CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 11
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 description 11
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 10
- 0 *c1ccnc(-c2nc(-c3nccc(*)c3)cc(*)c2)c1 Chemical compound *c1ccnc(-c2nc(-c3nccc(*)c3)cc(*)c2)c1 0.000 description 9
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- YTPLMLYBLZKORZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Thiophene Chemical compound C=1C=CSC=1 YTPLMLYBLZKORZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 9
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetone Substances CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 101000651310 Desulfitobacterium hafniense (strain Y51) Trigger factor 2 Proteins 0.000 description 6
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 5
- HSZCZNFXUDYRKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium iodide Chemical compound [Li+].[I-] HSZCZNFXUDYRKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 5
- QDRKDTQENPPHOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium ethoxide Chemical compound [Na+].CC[O-] QDRKDTQENPPHOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229930192474 thiophene Natural products 0.000 description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- ZMZDMBWJUHKJPS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Thiocyanate anion Chemical compound [S-]C#N ZMZDMBWJUHKJPS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229960004756 ethanol Drugs 0.000 description 4
- IKDUDTNKRLTJSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrazine monohydrate Substances O.NN IKDUDTNKRLTJSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical group [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 description 3
- STSCVKRWJPWALQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N TRIFLUOROACETIC ACID ETHYL ESTER Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C(F)(F)F STSCVKRWJPWALQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000000862 absorption spectrum Methods 0.000 description 3
- ZRALSGWEFCBTJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N anhydrous guanidine Natural products NC(N)=N ZRALSGWEFCBTJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000002843 carboxylic acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 125000000392 cycloalkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 239000002803 fossil fuel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000004415 heterocyclylalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000012044 organic layer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- NWZSZGALRFJKBT-KNIFDHDWSA-N (2s)-2,6-diaminohexanoic acid;(2s)-2-hydroxybutanedioic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](O)CC(O)=O.NCCCC[C@H](N)C(O)=O NWZSZGALRFJKBT-KNIFDHDWSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HGUFODBRKLSHSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3,7,8-tetrachloro-dibenzo-p-dioxin Chemical compound O1C2=CC(Cl)=C(Cl)C=C2OC2=C1C=C(Cl)C(Cl)=C2 HGUFODBRKLSHSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JJWJFWRFHDYQCN-UHFFFAOYSA-J 2-(4-carboxypyridin-2-yl)pyridine-4-carboxylate;ruthenium(2+);tetrabutylazanium;dithiocyanate Chemical compound [Ru+2].[S-]C#N.[S-]C#N.CCCC[N+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC.CCCC[N+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC.OC(=O)C1=CC=NC(C=2N=CC=C(C=2)C([O-])=O)=C1.OC(=O)C1=CC=NC(C=2N=CC=C(C=2)C([O-])=O)=C1 JJWJFWRFHDYQCN-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 2
- HVCNXQOWACZAFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-ethylmorpholine Chemical compound CCN1CCOCC1 HVCNXQOWACZAFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CHJJGSNFBQVOTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-methyl-guanidine Natural products CNC(N)=N CHJJGSNFBQVOTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical group OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000004423 acyloxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000000304 alkynyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000004391 aryl sulfonyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000003739 carbamimidoyl group Chemical group C(N)(=N)* 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- SWSQBOPZIKWTGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylaminoamidine Natural products CN(C)C(N)=N SWSQBOPZIKWTGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 2
- IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N hcl hcl Chemical compound Cl.Cl IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- ZMZDMBWJUHKJPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen thiocyanate Natural products SC#N ZMZDMBWJUHKJPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000013067 intermediate product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012046 mixed solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000000843 phenylene group Chemical group C1(=C(C=CC=C1)*)* 0.000 description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sulfonate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)=O BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 125000000472 sulfonyl group Chemical group *S(*)(=O)=O 0.000 description 2
- 125000002769 thiazolinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000001544 thienyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000004149 thio group Chemical group *S* 0.000 description 2
- 238000003828 vacuum filtration Methods 0.000 description 2
- ISHFYECQSXFODS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 1,2-dimethyl-3-propylimidazol-1-ium;iodide Chemical compound [I-].CCCN1C=C[N+](C)=C1C ISHFYECQSXFODS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- JACCFQMSOHCQFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-ethylhexyl)thiophene Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)CC1=CC=CS1 JACCFQMSOHCQFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MWJQKDZPULSTSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[4-(trifluoromethyl)-1h-pyrrol-2-yl]pyridine Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C1=CNC(C=2N=CC=CC=2)=C1 MWJQKDZPULSTSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CVBHRXHHJRGDGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hexylthiophene Chemical compound [CH2]CCCCCC1=CC=CS1 CVBHRXHHJRGDGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- MKAQKJOYBNCYCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N C(CCC)C1=NC=CC=C1.C(C)(C)(C)C1=NC=CC=C1 Chemical group C(CCC)C1=NC=CC=C1.C(C)(C)(C)C1=NC=CC=C1 MKAQKJOYBNCYCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NTXWAWVRPLVLKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N OC(c1cc(-c2cc(C(O)=O)cc(-c3cc(C(O)=O)ccn3)n2)ncc1)=O Chemical compound OC(c1cc(-c2cc(C(O)=O)cc(-c3cc(C(O)=O)ccn3)n2)ncc1)=O NTXWAWVRPLVLKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RPNDHJJSGYDOBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N OC(c1cc(-c2nc(-c3ncccc3)cc(C(O)=O)c2)ncc1)=O Chemical compound OC(c1cc(-c2nc(-c3ncccc3)cc(C(O)=O)c2)ncc1)=O RPNDHJJSGYDOBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZFFWZJWRQRORSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N OC(c1cc(-c2nc(-c3ncccc3)ccc2)ncc1)=O Chemical compound OC(c1cc(-c2nc(-c3ncccc3)ccc2)ncc1)=O ZFFWZJWRQRORSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZYTWXMBGOUJDHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N OC(c1cc(-c2ncccc2)nc(-c2ncccc2)c1)=O Chemical compound OC(c1cc(-c2ncccc2)nc(-c2ncccc2)c1)=O ZYTWXMBGOUJDHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IULKOACDRUDJON-UHFFFAOYSA-N S1C(=CC=C1)C=1SC=CC1.S1C=CC=C1 Chemical compound S1C(=CC=C1)C=1SC=CC1.S1C=CC=C1 IULKOACDRUDJON-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910003978 SiClx Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910006404 SnO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethanolamine Chemical compound OCCN(CCO)CCO GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MSBKEAAVFBYUIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N [I].CN1C(N(C=C1)CCC)C Chemical compound [I].CN1C(N(C=C1)CCC)C MSBKEAAVFBYUIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002835 absorbance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002252 acyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004442 acylamino group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000003282 alkyl amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004390 alkyl sulfonyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000266 alpha-aminoacyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004397 aminosulfonyl group Chemical group NS(=O)(=O)* 0.000 description 1
- 150000004982 aromatic amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000004467 aryl imino group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004421 aryl sulphonamide group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000005110 aryl thio group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004104 aryloxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001951 carbamoylamino group Chemical group C(N)(=O)N* 0.000 description 1
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 150000001733 carboxylic acid esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004440 column chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960000935 dehydrated alcohol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000005266 diarylamine group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- WJJMNDUMQPNECX-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipicolinic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC(C(O)=O)=N1 WJJMNDUMQPNECX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002330 electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 125000005553 heteroaryloxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001841 imino group Chemical group [H]N=* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001041 indolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- BCVXHSPFUWZLGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N mecn acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N.CC#N BCVXHSPFUWZLGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004957 naphthylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000449 nitro group Chemical group [O-][N+](*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 125000000018 nitroso group Chemical group N(=O)* 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- QZWWLNXCLQIASO-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentanenitrile Chemical compound CCCCC#N.CCCCC#N QZWWLNXCLQIASO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003016 phosphoric acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NHDHVHZZCFYRSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyriproxyfen Chemical compound C=1C=CC=NC=1OC(C)COC(C=C1)=CC=C1OC1=CC=CC=C1 NHDHVHZZCFYRSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000168 pyrrolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 1
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-OUBTZVSYSA-N ruthenium-102 Chemical compound [102Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-OUBTZVSYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012265 solid product Substances 0.000 description 1
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N urea group Chemical group NC(=O)N XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09B—ORGANIC DYES OR CLOSELY-RELATED COMPOUNDS FOR PRODUCING DYES, e.g. PIGMENTS; MORDANTS; LAKES
- C09B57/00—Other synthetic dyes of known constitution
- C09B57/10—Metal complexes of organic compounds not being dyes in uncomplexed form
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F15/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 8, 9, 10 or 18 of the Periodic Table
- C07F15/0006—Compounds containing elements of Groups 8, 9, 10 or 18 of the Periodic Table compounds of the platinum group
- C07F15/0046—Ruthenium compounds
- C07F15/0053—Ruthenium compounds without a metal-carbon linkage
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
- H10K85/30—Coordination compounds
- H10K85/341—Transition metal complexes, e.g. Ru(II)polypyridine complexes
- H10K85/344—Transition metal complexes, e.g. Ru(II)polypyridine complexes comprising ruthenium
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G9/00—Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture
- H01G9/20—Light-sensitive devices
- H01G9/2027—Light-sensitive devices comprising an oxide semiconductor electrode
- H01G9/2031—Light-sensitive devices comprising an oxide semiconductor electrode comprising titanium oxide, e.g. TiO2
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
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Abstract
一种杂配、双三齿钌配合物,包含以式(1)表示的化学式:RuL1L2……(1),Ru为钌,L1及L2为三配位基杂环配位体。L1具有下列代表式(2):其中R1-R3系选自氢、羧酸基、羧酸基盐类、磺酸基、磺酸基盐类、磷酸基及磷酸基盐类所组成的群组。L2具有下列代表式:G1G2G3……(3)其中G1及G3选自式(4)至式(7)所组成的群组,G2选自式(7)及式(8)所组成的群组:其中取代基R’及R”选自氢、卤素、氰基(cyano,CN)、三氟甲烷基(trifluoromethyl,CF3)、C2-C10氟化烷基、胺基(amino)、C1-C10烷基、C2-C10烯基、C2-C10炔基、C3-C20环烷基、C3-C20环烯基、C1-C20杂环烷基、C1-C20杂环烯基、芳基及杂芳基所组成的群组。上述钌配合物可作为制备敏化染料太阳能电池用的染料敏化剂。
Description
技术领域
本发明是关于一种杂配、双三齿光敏配合物及相关敏化染料太阳能电池设计与制作,特别是一种具备较佳光电转换效率的杂配、双三齿钌配合物及其敏化染料太阳能电池。
背景技术
由于石化燃料为一次性能源,目前面临资源急速耗竭的困境,且使用石化燃料所排放的废气亦造成空气污染,甚至是造成地球暖化的主因之一。因此,寻求替代能源以降低对石化燃料的依赖是目前刻不容缓的课题。在绿色能源的发展上,太阳能的来源最为干净、丰沛,且无需挖采、精制,因此太阳能成为新能源开发利用中最活跃的领域。
敏化染料太阳能电池(dye-sensitized solar cell,DSSC)的制程简单,且制造成本较习知的硅基材料太阳能电池低廉,因此,敏化染料太阳能电池被视为继硅基材料太阳能电池之后最具潜力的太阳能电池之一。由于光敏染料性质的优劣直接影响敏化染料太阳能电池的光电转换效率,因此光敏染料即成为敏化染料太阳能电池的研究重点之一。
目前使用较为广泛的光敏染料为N719染料及黑染料(black dye,N749),其具备下列化学式所示的结构。在习知的N719染料及N749染料部分,由于硫氰酸根阴离子(NCS-,thiocyanate)配位基的配位键强度较弱。因此,若能用其它更有效且稳定的螯合配基或发色团以取代硫氰酸根配位基(NCS-),应可以增加敏化染料太阳能电池的效率及寿命。
综上所述,由于光敏染料性质的优劣直接影响敏化染料太阳能电池的光电转换效率,因此研发具备较佳光电转换效率的光敏染料仍是目前极需努力的目标。
发明内容
本发明的目的为提供一种光敏配合物,其具有双负电荷、三配位基杂环螯合配位基以取代传统的三个独立硫氰酸根配位基,增加配合物稳定性、平衡光敏配合物电荷为中性、并达到更佳的光电转换效率。
依据本发明的一实施例,一种杂配、双三齿(dualt ridendate)钌配合物,包含以式(1)表示的化学式:
RuL1L2……(1)
Ru为钌,L1及L2为三配位基杂环配位体(heterocyclic tridentate ligands)。L1具有下列代表式(2):
其中R1-R3系选自氢、羧酸基、羧酸基盐类、磺酸基、磺酸基盐类、磷酸基及磷酸基盐类所组成的群组。L2具有下列代表式:
G1G2G3……(3)
其中G1及G3系选自式(4)至式(7)所组成的群组,G2系选自式(7)及式(8)所组成的群组:
其中L2取代基R’及R”系选自氢、卤素、氰基(cyano,CN)、三氟甲烷基(trifluoromethyl,CF3)、C2-C10氟化烷基、胺基(amino)、C1-C10烷基、C2-C10烯基、C2-C10炔基、C3-C20环烷基、C3-C20环烯基、C1-C20杂环烷基、C1-C20杂环烯基、芳基及杂芳基所组成的群组。
本发明的目的为提供一种敏化染料太阳能电池,其具有更佳的光电转换效率,并增加太阳能电池的效率及寿命。
依据本发明的另一实施例,提供一种敏化染料太阳能电池包含一第一电极、一第二电极以及一电解质。第一电极包含一透明导电基板以及一多孔性薄膜,其中多孔性薄膜为一半导体材料设置于透明导电基板的一表面,且载有前述钌配合物。电解质则设置于多孔性薄膜以及第二电极的间。
本发明上述及其它实施方式、特性及优势可由附图及实施例的说明而可更加了解。
附图说明
图1为一曲线图,显示本发明一较佳实施例的光敏配合物以及习知染料的吸收光谱。
图2为一示意图,显示本发明一较佳实施例的敏化染料太阳能电池的结构。
【主要组件符号说明】
11 第一电极
111 透明导电基板
112 多孔性薄膜
113 光敏配合物
12 第二电极
13 电解质
具体实施方式
本发明的一实施例的杂配、双三齿钌配合物包含以式(1)表示的化学式:
RuL1L2……(1)
其中Ru为钌,L1及L2均为三配位基杂环配位基。L1为2,2’;6’,2″-三联吡啶化合物(2,2’;6’,2″-terpyridine),其具有下列代表式(2):
其中R1-R3选自氢、羧酸基、羧酸盐、磺酸基、磺酸盐、磷酸基及磷酸盐所组成的群组。羧酸盐、磺酸盐及磷酸盐所对应的阳离子包括但不限于铵离子、金属离子(例如碱金族离子)等等。举例而言,L1具有以下所示的结构:
较佳者,L1为4,4’,4”-三羧酸-2,2’;6’,2″-三联吡啶(4,4’,4”-tricarboxy-2,2’;6’,2″-terpyridine)。
L2具有下列代表式:
G1G2G3……(3)
其中G1及G3系选自式(4)至式(7)所组成的群组,G2系选自式(7)及式(8)所组成的群组:
举例而言,L2包含下列代表式(9)至式(14)。
其中L2的取代基R’或R”系选自氢、卤素、氰基(cyano,CN)、三氟甲烷基(trifluoromethyl,CF3)、C2-C10氟化烷基、胺基(amino)、C1-C10烷基、C2-C10烯基、C2-C10炔基、C3-C20环烷基、C3-C20环烯基、C1-C20杂环烷基、C1-C20杂环烯基、芳基及杂芳基所组成的群组。
在此「芳基」指的是具有一或多个芳香环的碳氢基团。芳香环基团范例包括苯基(phenyl,Ph)、亚苯基(phenylene)、萘基(naphthyl)、亚萘基(naphthylene)、芘基(pyrenyl)、蒽基(anthryl)、及菲基(phenanthryl)。「杂芳基」指的是具有一或多个芳香环的碳氢基团,且该芳香环包含至少一杂原子(例如,氮、氧或硫)。杂芳基基团范例可包括呋喃基(furyl)、亚呋喃基(furylene)、芴基(fluorenyl)、吡咯基(pyrrolyl)、噻吩基(thienyl)、恶唑基(oxazolyl)、咪唑基(imidazolyl)、噻唑基(thiazolyl)、吡啶基(pyridyl)、嘧啶基(pyrimidinyl)、喹唑啉基(quinazolinyl)、喹啉基(quinolyl)、异喹啉基(isoquinolyl)及吲哚基(indolyl)。
在此应注明的是烷基、烯基、炔基、环烷基、环烯基、杂环烷基、杂环烯基、芳基以及杂芳基可包括经取代及未经取代的基团。
可能取代于环烷基、环烯基、杂环烷基、杂环烯基、芳基以及杂芳基的取代基包含但不受限于C1-C10烷基、C2-C10烯基、C2-C10炔基、C3-C20环烷基、C3-C20环烯基、C1-C20杂环烷基、C1-C20杂环烯基、C1-C10烷氧基、芳基、芳氧基、杂芳基、杂芳氧基、胺基、C1-C10烷胺基、C1-C20二烷胺基、芳胺基、二芳胺基、C1-C10烷基磺胺(C1-C10 alkylsulfonamino)、芳基磺胺(arylsulfonamino)、C1-C10烷基亚胺(C1-C10 alkylimino)、芳基亚胺(arylimino)、C1-C10烷基磺亚胺(C1-C10 alkylsulfonimino)、芳基磺亚胺(arylsulfonimino)、氢氧基、卤素、硫代基(thio)、C1-C10烷硫基、芳硫基、C1-C10烷硫酰基(alkylsulfonyl)、芳磺酰基(arylsulfonyl)、酰基胺(acylamino)、胺基酰(aminoacyl)、胺基硫酰(aminothioacyl)、酰胺基(amido)、脒基(amidino)、胍基(guanidine)、脲基(ureido)、硫脲基(thioureido)、腈基、硝基、亚硝基、叠氮基(azido)、酰基、硫酰基、酰氧基(acyloxy)、羧基、及羧酸酯等。另一方面,可能取代于烷基、烯基、或炔基的取代基包含除C1-C10烷基外的上述所有取代基。环烷基、环烯基、杂环烷基、杂环烯基、芳基及杂芳基亦可互相稠合(fused)。
较佳者,L2具有下列代表式(15)或式(16):
其中R4系选自氢、卤素、氰基(cyano,CN)、三氟甲烷基(trifluoromethyl,CF3)、C2-C10氟化烷基、胺基(amino)、C1-C10烷基、C2-C10烯基、C2-C10炔基、C3-C20环烷基、C3-C20环烯基、C1-C20杂环烷基、C1-C20杂环烯基、芳基及杂芳基所组成的群组。
在一较佳实施例中,R4包含芳基或杂芳基,其可选自独立地选自噻吩(thiophene)、5-(噻吩-2-基)噻吩(5-(thiophen-2-yl)thiophene)、具噻吩取代基的C1-C20的烷基、具5-(噻吩-2-基)噻吩取代基的C1-C20的烷基、1-叔丁基-4-[(1E)-3-异丙烯基-二甲基]苯(1-tert-butyl-4-[(1E)-prop-1-en-1-yl]benzene)及N,N-二苯苯胺(N,N-diphenylaniline)所组成的群组的其中之一。
其中R系选自氢、卤素、氰基(cyano,CN)、三氟甲烷基(trifluoromethyl,CF3)、C2-C10氟化烷基、胺基(amino)、C1-C10烷基、C2-C10烯基、C2-C10炔基、C3-C20环烷基、C3-C20环烯基、C1-C20杂环烷基、C1-C20杂环烯基、芳基及杂芳基所组成的群组。
化合物实施例
1.具代表式(15)三齿配基L2,R4=H,的制备与光谱资料:
取乙醇钠(sodium ethoxide,亦即NaOEt,1.12g,16.5mmol)置于100mL双颈瓶中,加入40mL干燥过的THF,在冰浴下加2,6-二乙酰基吡啶(2,6-diacetylpyridine)1g,6.1mmol),于室温下搅拌30分钟。之后再在冰浴下逐滴加入三氟乙酸乙酯(ethyl trifluoroacetate 1.98mL,16.5mmol),于室温下搅拌30分钟,加热至80℃反应约12小时。反应完毕后将溶液冷却至室温,用旋转浓缩仪移除THF,加入去离子水,再以2N的HCl水溶液调至微酸性pH=5~6,再利用抽气过滤收集固体。用150mL去离子水冲洗固体,利用真空去除溶剂,即可获得中间产物β-二酮(β-diketone)。将生成的β-二酮(β-diketone)置于100mL圆底瓶,加入约125mL的乙醇,再加入过量的一水合肼(hydrazine monohydrate)(约5当量),回流16小时。反应完毕后,移除溶剂,加入大量CH2Cl2,并用150mL去离子水清洗3次。有机层以Na2SO4除水后,过滤收集滤液,并以旋转浓缩仪将多余的溶剂移除。最后以乙酸乙酯(EA)/hexane(己烷)=1/3混合溶剂作为冲提液进行管柱分离,可得到无色固体(860mg),产率为40%。
代表式(15)的光谱资料:MS(EI),m/z 347(M)+.1H NMR(400MHz,d-丙酮(d-acetone),298K):δ13.68(s,2H),8.08(t,JHH=8Hz,1H),7.96(d,JHH=8Hz,2H),7.40(s,2H).
2.具代表式(16)三齿配基L2,R4=H,的制备与光谱资料:
取乙醇钠(NaOEt,0.77g,10.4mmol)置于100mL双颈瓶中,加入50mL干燥过的THF,在冰浴下加入1-(6-(2,4-二氟苯基)吡啶-2基)乙酮(1-(6-(2,4-difluorophenyl)pyridin-2-yl)ethanone)(300mg,1.3mmol),于室温下搅拌30分钟后,在冰浴下逐滴加入三氟乙酸乙酯(0.3mL,1.9mmol),于室温下搅拌30分钟后,加热至80℃反应约6小时,冷却至室温,用旋转浓缩仪将THF移除后,加入去离子水,再以2N的HCl水溶液调至微酸性pH=3,再利用抽气过滤收集固体,用150mL去离子水冲洗固体,利用真空去除溶剂,即可获得中间产物β-二酮。将生成的β-二酮置于100mL圆底瓶,加入约125mL的乙醇,再加入过量的一水合肼(约5当量),回流16小时,反应完毕后,移除溶剂,加入大量EA,用150mL去离子水清洗3次,有机层以Na2SO4除水后,过滤收集滤液并以旋转浓缩仪将多余的溶剂移除,利用CH2Cl2再结晶作纯化,可得到淡黄色产物(300mg,1.0mmol),产率为72%。
代表式(16)的光谱资料:1H NMR(CDCl3,400MHz,298K)δ:11.40(s,1H),8.00(q,JHH=8.4Hz,1H),7.85(t,JHH=8.0Hz,1H),7.73(d,JHH=8.4Hz,1H),7.56(d,JHH=8.0Hz,1H),7.03(t,JHH=8.0Hz,1H),6.97(s,1H),6.93(t,JHH=8.0Hz,1H).
3.具代表式(17)钌配合物的制备与光谱资料:
在一较佳实施例之中,本发明的钌配合物具有化学式(17)的结构:
制备方式
将三氯-(4,4’,4”-三乙酸乙酯-2,2’;6’,2″-三联吡啶)钌错合物Ru(triethoxycarbonylterpy)Cl3(100mg,0.15mmol)和2,6-双(4-(三氟甲基)-1H吡咯-2-)吡啶(2,6-bis(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrrol-2-yl)pyridine)(53mg,0.15mmol)和4-乙基吗啉(4-ethylmorpholine 0.05mL,0.39mmol)置入反应瓶,加入30mL乙醇加热至80℃反应3小时。之后将溶剂抽干,并以乙酸乙酯(EA)/己烷(hexane)=1/1的混合溶剂作为冲提液进行管柱分离,可以得到红黑色的固体产物。接着将得到的产物加入1.5M氢氧化钠(NaOH)(1.8mL)与丙酮(30mL)进行水解,加热至60℃回流3小时,回室温后加入2N盐酸(HCl)致pH=3,以产生黑色的沉淀,收集黑色固体并以二氯甲烷、丙酮清洗,可得到化学式(17)的化合物。
实施例1TF-1
TF-1为化学式(17)化合物的一实例,其中R4=H。经由上述制备方法可得到TF-1(60mg,0.07mmol),产率为78%。
TF-1的光谱资料为:MS(FAB,102Ru):m/z 812(M+1)+.1H NMR(400MHz,d6-DMSO,298K)δ:9.37(s,2H),9.14(s,2H),8.17(t,JHH=8.0Hz,1H),8.06(d,JHH=8.0Hz,2H),7.70(d,JHH=5.6Hz,2H),7.59(d,JHH=5.6Hz,2H),7.19(s,2H);19F NMR(376MHz,d6-DMSO,298K):δ:-58.44(s,3F;CF3).
实施例2TF-2
TF-2为化学式(17)化合物的一实例,其中R4=2-己基噻吩(2-hexylthiophene),经由上述制备方法可得到TF-2(264mg,0.27mmol),产率为87%。
TF-2的光谱资料为:MS(FAB,102Ru):m/z 978(M+1)+.1H NMR(400MHz,d6-DMSO,298K)δ:9.36(s,2H),9.14(s,2H),8.34(s,2H),7.96(d,JHH=4.0Hz,1H),7.71~7.67(m,4H),7.33(s,2H),7.10(d,JHH=4.0Hz,1H),2.95(t,JHH=8.0Hz,2H),1.74(quin,JHH=8.0Hz,2H),1.41~1.31(m,6H),0.98(t,JHH=8.0Hz,3H).;19F NMR(376MHz,d6-DMSO,298K):δ:-58.52(s,3F;CF3).
实施例3TF-3
TF-3为化学式(17)化合物的一实例,其中R4=5-己基-2H,3H-噻吩并[3,4-b][1,4]戴奥辛(5-hexyl-2H,3H-thieno[3,4-b][1,4]dioxine),经由上述制备方法可得到TF-3(48mg,0.05mmol),产率为86%。
TF-3的光谱资料为:MS(FAB,102Ru):m/z 1036(M+1)+.1H NMR(400MHz,d6-DMSO,298K)δ:9.36(s,2H),9.13(s,2H),8.21(s,2H),7.71~7.67(m,4H),7.26(s,2H),4.46(t,JHH=4.0Hz,2H),4.34(t,JHH=4.0Hz,2H),2.76(t,JHH=8.0Hz,2H),1.66(quin,JHH=8.0Hz,2H),1.40~1.31(m,6H),0.89(t,JHH=8.0Hz,3H).;19F NMR(376MHz,d6-DMSO,298K):δ:-58.41(s,3F;CF3).
实施例4TF-4
TF-4为化学式(17)化合物的一实例,其中R4=N,N 苯基-4-(噻吩-2-yl)苯胺(N,N-diphenyl-4-(thiophen-2-yl)aniline),经由上述制备方法可得到TF-4(26mg,0.02mmol),产率为51%。
TF-4的光谱资料为:MS(FAB,102Ru):m/z 1137(M+1)+.1H NMR(400MHz,d6-DMSO,298K)δ:9.36(s,2H),9.14(s,2H),8.43(s,2H),8.14(d,JHH=4.0Hz,1H),7.73~7.69(m,7H),7.38~7.34(m,6H),7.13~7.05(m,8H).;19F NMR(376MHz,d6-DMSO,298K):δ:-58.47(s,3F;CF3).
实施例5TF-5
TF-5为化学式(17)化合物的一实例,其中R4=2-(2-乙基己基)噻吩(2-(2-ethylhexyl)thiophene),经由上述制备方法可得到TF-5(62mg,0.06mmol),产率为75%。
TF-5的光谱资料为:MS(FAB,102Ru):m/z 1006(M+1)+.1H NMR(400MHz,d6-DMSO,298K)δ:9.32(s,2H),9.13(s,2H),8.36(s,2H),7.97(d,JHH=4.0Hz,1H),7.72~7.69(m,4H),7.35(s,2H),7.09(d,JHH=4.0Hz,1H),2.89(d,JHH=8.0Hz,2H),1.67(s,1H),1.41~1.30(m,8H),0.95~0.88(m,6H).;19F NMR(376MHz,d6-DMSO,298K):δ:-58.43(s,3F;CF3).
实施例6TF-6
2-(2,4-二氟苯基)-6-(3-(三氟甲基)-1H-吡唑-5-yl)吡啶(2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-6-(3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)pyridine)(21mg,0.06mmol)以及三氯-(4,4’,4”-三乙酸乙酯-2,2’;6’,2″-三联吡啶)钌错合物Ru(triethoxycarbonylterpy)Cl3(40mg,0.06mmol)置于50mL圆底瓶中,抽灌真空氮气三次,加入约25mL的无水乙醇以及数滴的三乙醇胺(triethylamine)在90℃下反应三小时。回温抽干乙醇,将固体以二氯甲烷溶解再用去离子水水洗,取有机层使用旋转浓缩仪将多余的溶剂抽掉,以二氯甲烷/乙酸乙酯(EA)=10∶1进行管柱层析分离得到产物,再以二氯甲烷(CH2Cl2)/己烷(hexane)再结晶,可得紫黑色固体。之后再将固体置于50mL圆底瓶,加入约25mL的丙酮,以及1M氢氧化钠(NaOH)水溶液110℃下反应5小时将酯类水解。抽干溶剂,加去离子水溶解并以2N盐酸(HCl)水溶液调至微酸性以沉淀产物,静置冰箱过夜,离心后,固体以微酸的去离子水清洗数次,真空将水去除,再以二氯甲烷、乙醚冲洗数次,可得黑色固体(12mg,0.014mmol),产率约24%。
TF-6的光谱资料为:MS(FAB,Ru102):m/z 790(M+).1H NMR(d6-DMSO,400MHz,298K)δ:9.32(s,2H),9.12(s,2H),8.10(s,3H),7.68(d,JHH=5.6Hz,2H),7.62(d,JHH=5.2Hz,2H),7.21(s,1H),6.40(t,JHF=10.8Hz,1H),4.65(d,JHH=7.2Hz,1H).
请参照图1,其为具有化学式(17)的本发明的钌配合物与黑染料(black dye,N749)及N719染料的吸收光谱。由图1所示的吸收光谱可知,相较于N749、N719染料,本发明的光敏配合物TF-2、TF-3、TF-4及TF-5在350nm至550nm波长区段中具有较佳的吸光系数。
请参照图2,本发明的一较佳实施例的敏化染料太阳能电池包含一第一电极11、一第二电极12以及一电解质13。第一电极11包含一透明导电基板111以及一多孔性薄膜112。多孔性薄膜112设置于透明导电基板111的一表面,且载有一光敏配合物113。多孔性薄膜112为一半导体材料,例如二氧化钛(TiO2)。于一实施例中,透明导电基板111可为一FTO玻璃(掺氟二氧化硅玻璃,F dopes SnO2 glass)。电解质13则设置于多孔性薄膜112以及第二电极12之间。光敏配合物113的结构如前所述,在此不再赘述。
利用前述的光敏配合物TF-1、TF-2、TF-3、TF-4及、TF-5制备本发明的敏化染料太阳能电池,其特性如表一所示,其中第一电极11包含光敏配合物、二氧化钛(TiO2)多孔性薄膜以及氟掺杂二氧化锡(FTO)玻璃;第二电极为铂电极,例如:镀有铂金属或其它任何导电材料,例如:碳黑或石墨的一般透光材料;电解质则是由以下成分所组成的混合物:0.6M 1,2-二甲基-3-丙基咪唑碘(1,2-dimethyl-3-propylimidazolium iodide(缩写为DMPII)),0.1M碘化锂(LiI,Lithium iodide),0.1M I2,0.5M特丁基吡啶(tert-butylpyridine)溶于乙腈(acetonitrile)及戊腈(valeronitrile)的混合溶液之中(容积比例85∶15)。
表一
依据表一的结果,本发明的敏化染料太阳能电池具备较佳的光电转换效率η。例如,包含本发明光敏配合物TF-2、TF-3及TF-4的敏化染料太阳能电池,其光电转换效率η分别为10.51%、10.72%及10.72%;而在相同条件下,黑色染料(Black dye)的光电转换效率η约9.22%。
此外,相较于N749,本发明的光敏配合物具有较高效率,例如较高的开路电压、较高的短路电流。换言之,本发明的敏化染料太阳能电池能够以较薄的多孔性薄膜制作第一电极,如此可避免电极制程中的缺陷增加组件开路电压,同时减少光敏配合物的使用量以降低制程成本。
综合上述,本发明的光敏配合物具有三配位基杂环配位基,其不具硫氰酸根配位基,因此相较于N749染料具有较高的光电转换效率η,因此利用本发明的光敏配合物所制备的敏化染料太阳能电池具备较佳的整体电池组件效能表现。
以上所述的实施例仅是为说明本发明的技术思想及特点,其目的在使熟习此项技艺的人士能够了解本发明的内容并据以实施,当不能以的限定本发明的专利范围,即大凡依本发明所揭示的精神所作的均等变化或修饰,仍应涵盖在本发明的专利范围内。
Claims (6)
1.一种杂配、双三齿钌配合物,以式(1)为代表式:
RuL1L2……(1);
Ru为钌;
L1为4,4’,4-三羧酸-2,2';6',2"-三联吡啶;
L2为代表式(15)或(16):
其中R4选自氢、卤素、氰基、三氟甲烷基、C2-C10氟化烷基、胺基、C1-C10烷基、C2-C10烯基、C2-C10炔基、C3-C20环烷基、C3-C20环烯基、C1-C20杂环烷基、C1-C20杂环烯基、苯基、萘基、芘基、蒽基、菲基、呋喃基、芴基、吡咯基、恶唑基、咪唑基、噻唑基、吡啶基、嘧啶基、喹唑啉基、喹啉基、异喹啉基、吲哚基、及下列取代基所组成的群组,
其中R系选自氢、卤素、氰基、三氟甲烷基、C2-C10氟化烷基、胺基、C1-C10烷基、C2-C10烯基、C2-C10炔基、C3-C20环烷基、C3-C20环烯基、C1-C20杂环烷基及C1-C20杂环烯基所组成的群组。
2.如权利要求1所述的杂配、双三齿钌配合物,其中R4选自下列化学式:
3.一种敏化染料太阳能电池,包含:
一第一电极,其包含:
一透明导电基板;以及
一多孔性薄膜,其为一半导体材料,设置于该透明导电基板的一表面,该多孔性薄膜载有一光敏配合物;
一第二电极;以及
一电解质,其设置于该多孔性薄膜以及该第二电极之间;
其中,该光敏配合物以式(1)为代表式:
RuL1L2……(1);
Ru为钌;
L1为4,4’,4-三羧酸-2,2';6',2"-三联吡啶;以及
L2为代表式(15)或(16):
其中R4选自氢、卤素、氰基、三氟甲烷基、C2-C10氟化烷基、胺基、C1-C10烷基、C2-C10烯基、C2-C10炔基、C3-C20环烷基、C3-C20环烯基、C1-C20杂环烷基、C1-C20杂环烯基、苯基、萘基、芘基、蒽基、菲基、呋喃基、芴基、吡咯基、恶唑基、咪唑基、噻唑基、吡啶基、嘧啶基、喹唑啉基、喹啉基、异喹啉基、吲哚基、及下列取代基所组成的群组,
其中R系选自氢、卤素、氰基、三氟甲烷基、C2-C10氟化烷基、胺基、C1-C10烷基、C2-C10烯基、C2-C10炔基、C3-C20环烷基、C3-C20环烯基、C1-C20杂环烷基及C1-C20杂环烯基所组成的群组。
4.如权利要求3所述的敏化染料太阳能电池,其中R4系选自下列化学式:
5.如权利要求3所述的敏化染料太阳能电池,其中该半导体材料包含二氧化钛。
6.如权利要求3所述的敏化染料太阳能电池,其中该透明导电基板包含氟掺杂二氧化锡玻璃。
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