CN102481717B - 用于冷却塑料型材的装置和方法 - Google Patents

用于冷却塑料型材的装置和方法 Download PDF

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CN102481717B
CN102481717B CN201080037873.XA CN201080037873A CN102481717B CN 102481717 B CN102481717 B CN 102481717B CN 201080037873 A CN201080037873 A CN 201080037873A CN 102481717 B CN102481717 B CN 102481717B
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CN102481717A (zh
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H·多曼
T·格施佩
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Battenfeld Cincinnati Germany GmbH
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/78Thermal treatment of the extrusion moulding material or of preformed parts or layers, e.g. by heating or cooling
    • B29C48/86Thermal treatment of the extrusion moulding material or of preformed parts or layers, e.g. by heating or cooling at the nozzle zone
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/03Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
    • B29C48/09Articles with cross-sections having partially or fully enclosed cavities, e.g. pipes or channels
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/03Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
    • B29C48/09Articles with cross-sections having partially or fully enclosed cavities, e.g. pipes or channels
    • B29C48/10Articles with cross-sections having partially or fully enclosed cavities, e.g. pipes or channels flexible, e.g. blown foils
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/78Thermal treatment of the extrusion moulding material or of preformed parts or layers, e.g. by heating or cooling
    • B29C48/86Thermal treatment of the extrusion moulding material or of preformed parts or layers, e.g. by heating or cooling at the nozzle zone
    • B29C48/87Cooling
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/88Thermal treatment of the stream of extruded material, e.g. cooling
    • B29C48/90Thermal treatment of the stream of extruded material, e.g. cooling with calibration or sizing, i.e. combined with fixing or setting of the final dimensions of the extruded article
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/88Thermal treatment of the stream of extruded material, e.g. cooling
    • B29C48/90Thermal treatment of the stream of extruded material, e.g. cooling with calibration or sizing, i.e. combined with fixing or setting of the final dimensions of the extruded article
    • B29C48/908Thermal treatment of the stream of extruded material, e.g. cooling with calibration or sizing, i.e. combined with fixing or setting of the final dimensions of the extruded article characterised by calibrator surface, e.g. structure or holes for lubrication, cooling or venting
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/88Thermal treatment of the stream of extruded material, e.g. cooling
    • B29C48/919Thermal treatment of the stream of extruded material, e.g. cooling using a bath, e.g. extruding into an open bath to coagulate or cool the material
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/92Measuring, controlling or regulating
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C2948/00Indexing scheme relating to extrusion moulding
    • B29C2948/92Measuring, controlling or regulating
    • B29C2948/92009Measured parameter
    • B29C2948/92085Velocity
    • B29C2948/92104Flow or feed rate
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C2948/00Indexing scheme relating to extrusion moulding
    • B29C2948/92Measuring, controlling or regulating
    • B29C2948/92009Measured parameter
    • B29C2948/92209Temperature
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C2948/00Indexing scheme relating to extrusion moulding
    • B29C2948/92Measuring, controlling or regulating
    • B29C2948/92323Location or phase of measurement
    • B29C2948/92361Extrusion unit
    • B29C2948/9238Feeding, melting, plasticising or pumping zones, e.g. the melt itself
    • B29C2948/924Barrel or housing
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C2948/00Indexing scheme relating to extrusion moulding
    • B29C2948/92Measuring, controlling or regulating
    • B29C2948/92323Location or phase of measurement
    • B29C2948/92361Extrusion unit
    • B29C2948/92409Die; Nozzle zone

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Extrusion Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于生产塑料型材、优选塑料管的挤出生产线,该挤出生产线至少包括一台挤出机(1)、一件模具(2)、一个定径装置(3)以及其他的后续装置。在此按照本发明规定,模具(2)具有一内部冷却装置,该内部冷却装置的流量分配是能被影响的,其中在模具内部设置至少一个能轴向移动的排气贯穿件(7)作为用于冷却介质的分支装置,借助该分支装置能实施流量分配。本发明还包括一种用于提高挤出生产线的冷却功率的方法,所述挤出生产线用于挤出塑料型材、特别是塑料管,所述方法包括以下步骤,a)在挤出机(1)中熔化塑料;b)形成塑料条并且将塑料条输送给模具(2);c)通过模具(2)形成塑料型材,并且在定径装置(3)中通过冷却所述型材进行定径和硬化。在此按照本发明规定,在模具(2)中使塑料条的温度在塑料条离开模具(2)之前降低,其中在模具(2)的内部通过旁路(8)控制流体流动,为了构成旁路(8)使流体开口(9)在0%至100%的范围内打开或关闭。

Description

用于冷却塑料型材的装置和方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于生产塑料型材、优选塑料管的挤出生产线。
本发明还涉及一种用于提高挤出生产线的冷却功率的方法,所述挤出生产线用于挤出塑料型材、特别是塑料管。
背景技术
为了生产管,将塑料在挤出机中熔化并且通过相应的模具进行挤压。在一个邻接的定径装置中,冻结这样产生的外径,并且在水喷浴或者水全浴中通过外表面从塑料散热。在此必须将所有热量通过塑料壁向外传导,然后由冷却水排出该热量。随着管壁厚度的增加,冷却时长成过大比例地变长,因为塑料是一种不良的热导体。此外,管内部的温度长时间维持在高的水平上并且塑料有足够的时间在重力的作用下向下流淌。
结果是,上部区域内的管壁厚度总是小于下部区域内的管壁厚度。
这种过程随着管壁厚度的增加具有两个缺点。冷却时长成过大比例地变长并且塑料在内壁上流下,结果是壁厚分配不均。为了减小这些缺点,公开了多种管内部冷却系统,例如由EP795389。但这些系统在其作用原理上非常局限。由于管不仅在外面也在里面冷却,所以外轮廓和内轮廓都被冻结。当管壁中间的熔体通过向外和向内的导热而凝固时,由于从熔融状态到固体状态的过渡时体积强烈减小而出现收缩孔。这种危险随着管壁厚度的变厚而加剧。
JP56-005750A公开了一种用于挤出塑料型材的装置,能够向该装置输送塑化的塑料材料并且该装置具有多个环形通道,这些环形通道结合成一个共同的熔体通道。围绕这些环形通道设置有冷却通道。
DE102005031747A1公开了一种用于空心塑料型材的内部冷却的方法以及一种用于生产空心塑料型材的挤出机。在这里通过将冷却气体引导到空心型材的内腔中来实现内部冷却,其中,该冷却气体在一挤压的(Ranquesch)涡流管中形成。
DE102007050291公开了一种用于附加地冷却熔体的模具,在该模具中熔体条划分成多个分条。
上述解决方案在方法技术上例如通过划分成多个流道(使所有的都能够冷却)难以实施并且包括非常高的生产成本以及在保养和清理流道时明显较高的花费。此外,熔体与冷却介质可能混合的风险非常高,因为两个流动腔在挤出运行中必须以很高的内部压力运行,而这些流动腔仅通过一个简单的钢表面密封结构彼此隔离。
发明内容
本发明的目的是,提供一种带有模具的挤出生产线以及一种方法,在该方法中能够实现尽可能简单且有效的模具调温。如果可能的话,冷却空气应该可用于管内部冷却以及用于冷却所述模具。
该目的通过一种挤出生产线以如下方式解决,即,用于生产塑料型材、优选塑料管的所述挤出生产线至少包括一台挤出机、一件模具、一个定径装置以及其他的后续装置,其中,模具具有一内部冷却装置,该内部冷却装置的流量分配是能被影响的,其特征在于,在模具的内部设置有至少一个能轴向移动的排气贯穿件作为用于冷却介质的分支装置,借助该分支装置能实施流量分配。
通过作用类似于旁路的所述分支装置实现,能有针对性地影响冷却介质并且进而控制由心轴引导的量。
模具以合理的方式沿轴向或者径向具有多个冷却通道,这些冷却通道能够独立用于冷却。这样,特别是在厚壁的管中能够抵制熔体(由重力引起的)漂移。通过这种措施影响熔体的推进。
这样例如在上部区域可以更强烈地冷却。如果人们示意性地观察模具的垂直于挤出轴线的剖面,则在圆周上分布地存在多个冷却孔A。在10:30至1:30钟点之间(四分之一圆周并且在正上方)设置多个附加的能够通过活门打开或者关闭的冷却孔B。因此在需要的情况下,能够通过打开孔B更强烈地冷却上部区域。当然,这也能够通过其它的孔C增强,由此有针对性地影响推进(这又影响在模具上的定心)。这样可以间接地提及热力定心。
在模具中是能实现的。孔无须强制地通过活门关闭,也可以想到阀或者能鼓起充气的风箱。总的流量并且进而流体流能够通过分支装置(排气贯穿件)改变路线,从而其不通过上述的孔引导。
有利地,所述分支装置或者旁路构造成管并且能够沿着挤出轴线移动和/或旋转。
在另一种进一步构成形式中规定,旁路构造成切换装置,并且能实现有针对性地接通或关断或者仅部分地接通旁路。活门或者孔能够移动直至重合,因此可以整体构成切换装置。
补充地,冷却肋片的有针对性的布置系统设置在要用冷却介质流过的腔上,并且气态的流体作为冷却介质使用。由此增大了待冷却的表面积并且改善了所希望的冷却效果。
模具外表面也可以通过主冷却气流的相应的旁路在模具外部用中央的风扇冷却。
关于方法,上述目的通过一种用于提高挤出生产线的冷却功率的方法以如下方式解决,即:所述挤出生产线用于挤出塑料型材、特别是塑料管,所述方法包括以下步骤:a)在挤出机中熔化塑料;b)形成塑料条并且将所述塑料条输入给模具;c)通过所述模具形成塑料型材,并且d)在定径装置中通过冷却所述型材进行定径和硬化;其特征在于,在模具中使塑料条的温度在塑料条离开模具之前降低,其中,在模具内部通过旁路控制流体流动,旁路中的流体开口能够在0%至100%的范围内打开或者关闭。
按照进一步改进形式,在挤出运行中,旁路空气通过切换装置从0%至100%无级地定量。
在另一种进一步构成形式中规定,以这样的方式通过机器控制装置来调节模具的温度,即,或多或少地通过旁路引导冷却介质。也就是说:通过电加热带与有针对性的空气冷却的结合能够将模具的内部流动表面(但也可以设想模具的外部流动表面)调节到对于相应的过程所必需的温度。
有利地,旁路或者排气贯穿件是绝热的。此外,这也可以是贯穿通道。
所建议的方法和按照本发明的装置特别适用于生产厚壁管。
附图说明
附图中用示意图示出了本发明的两个实施例,图中示出:
图1一条挤出生产线;
图2模具的透视图;
图3模具的剖视图;以及
图4模具剖面的另一视图。
具体实施方式
在图1中示意示出一条挤出生产线,其中,挤出机1设置在挤出模具2的旁侧。沿挤出方向5观看,定径装置3连接在模具2上。其他的后续装置、例如牵引装置和切割装置,应该是无切屑的。因为用于冷却的空气逆着挤出方向穿过被挤出的管,继续穿过模具,然后在挤出机之前排出。如果切割装置例如为传统的锯,则切屑将被一起抽吸或者一起通过管吹出。通常连接。在示例性示出的挤出生产线中制造塑料管6。
定径装置3包括一具有安装的定径套的真空箱。在定径装置上也还可以连接冷却浴。
在图2中示出按照本发明的模具2的透视图,其中,本发明重要的部分围绕挤出轴线4切开。在该实施例中,在模具2的内部设置一排气贯穿件7。在切断面中不可见的熔体通过一螺旋分配器10分配并且输送给同样不可见的熔体通道,这些熔体通道在模具2中预成型要挤出的产品。逆着挤出方向5,将流体16(由箭头象征表示)引导通过模具2。将流体流划分进入多个贯穿通道12中并且逆着挤出方向引导通过模具2,以冷却模具2并进而预冷却在这些熔体通道中的熔体。
在图3中具体示出了按照本发明的模具2的在图2中所示的切开部分,其中示出了模具2的沿挤出轴线4的剖面。内部的贯穿通道12围绕模具2的心轴14均匀地分布。逆着挤出方向5流动的流体流(由小箭头表明)到达贯穿通道12中并且被引导通过模具2。流体通过模具2之后,该流体穿过在靠近挤出机一侧11上的流体开口9到达排气贯穿件7中并且向外排出。
图4基本上相当于图3并且区别仅在于,排气贯穿件7已在挤出方向5上移动了。通过该轴向移动,排气贯穿件7中的流体开口9在远离挤出机的一侧13上释放。现在,逆着挤出方向5流动的流体流(也通过小箭头表明)可以从贯穿通道12通过流体开口9、而无须通过模具2,直接到达排气贯穿件7中并且向外排出。置入心轴14中心的排气贯穿件7在模具2中由此形成旁路或分支装置。
通过该排气贯穿件7的轴向移动,径向的流体开口9能够独立地在靠近挤出机的一侧或远离挤出机的一侧打开。在需要时也可以选择一中间位置,以影响流体流。
该移动可以从外部手动地和/或通过机器控制电动地或者气动地或液压地控制或者调节。
以这种方式被加热的冷却介质可以用能量载体(例如空气)将从管内部冷却和模具冷却中导出的能量排出或例如重新用于烘干颗粒。
根据轴向移动的程度,流体开口9或多或少地重叠并且因此可变地保持开度。
这里示出的具有流体开口9的解决方案也可以在其他实施形式中实现。例如可以想到阀或活门,通过该阀或活门打开或者关闭来影响流体流。也不强制要求能移动的管,也可以引入其可透过性受温度影响的多孔材料。
因此利用所建议的方法和所建议的装置可以简单地实现,已经在模具内部在管的整个壁厚上就均匀地或者如上所述正好有针对性地非均匀地排出热量。
附图标记清单
1    挤出机
2    模具
3    定径装置
4    挤出轴线
5    挤出方向
6    塑料管
7    排气贯穿件
8    2中的旁路
9    7中的流体开口
10   螺旋分配器
11   靠近挤出机的一侧
12   贯穿通道
13    远离挤出机的一侧
14   心轴

Claims (9)

1.用于生产塑料型材的挤出生产线,至少包括一台挤出机(1)、一件模具(2)、一个定径装置(3)以及其他的后续装置,
其中,所述模具(2)具有一内部冷却装置,该内部冷却装置的流量分配是能被影响的,
其特征在于,在所述模具(2)内部设置有至少一个能轴向移动的排气贯穿件(7)作为用于冷却介质的分支装置,借助该分支装置能实施流量分配。
2.按照权利要求1所述的挤出生产线,其特征在于,所述分支装置设置为切换装置。
3.按照权利要求2所述的挤出生产线,其特征在于,所述排气贯穿件(7)能够沿着挤出轴线(4)移动。
4.按照权利要求1、2或3所述的挤出生产线,其特征在于,冷却肋片的有针对性的布置系统设置在要用冷却介质流过的腔上,并且气态的流体作为冷却介质使用。
5.按照权利要求1、2或3所述的挤出生产线,其特征在于,所述塑料型材是塑料管。
6.用于提高挤出生产线的冷却功率的方法,所述挤出生产线用于挤出塑料型材,所述方法包括以下步骤,
a)在挤出机(1)中熔化塑料;
b)形成塑料条并且将所述塑料条输入给模具(2);
c)通过所述模具(2)形成塑料型材,并且
在定径装置(3)中通过冷却所述型材进行定径和硬化,
其中,
在所述模具(2)中使塑料条的温度在塑料条离开所述模具(2)之前借助被引导穿过模具(2)的流体降低,其特征在于,将流体引导通过多个贯穿通道(12)并且引导通过模具(2),在所述模具(2)的内部通过旁路(8)控制流体流动,方式是,在所述旁路(8)中,使流体开口(9)在0%至100%的范围内打开或关闭。
7.按照权利要求6所述的方法,其特征在于,在挤出运行中,旁路空气通过一个或多个切换装置从0%至100%无级地定量。
8.按照权利要求6或7所述的方法,其特征在于,以这样的方式通过机器控制装置来调节模具的温度,即,或多或少地通过所述旁路(8)引导所述冷却介质或者通过电加热元件来加热区域。
9.按照权利要求6或7所述的方法,其特征在于,所述塑料型材是塑料管。
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