CN102480259A - Motor control device, air-conditioner - Google Patents

Motor control device, air-conditioner Download PDF

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Publication number
CN102480259A
CN102480259A CN2011102615134A CN201110261513A CN102480259A CN 102480259 A CN102480259 A CN 102480259A CN 2011102615134 A CN2011102615134 A CN 2011102615134A CN 201110261513 A CN201110261513 A CN 201110261513A CN 102480259 A CN102480259 A CN 102480259A
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China
Prior art keywords
phase
motor
control device
voltage
modulation
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CN2011102615134A
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CN102480259B (en
Inventor
奥山敦
船山裕治
田村正博
田村建司
右之子知惠
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Hitachi Global Life Solutions Inc
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Hitachi Appliances Inc
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02PCONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P27/00Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage
    • H02P27/04Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage
    • H02P27/06Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage using dc to ac converters or inverters
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25BREFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B49/00Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
    • F25B49/02Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for compression type machines, plants or systems
    • F25B49/025Motor control arrangements
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02PCONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P6/00Arrangements for controlling synchronous motors or other dynamo-electric motors using electronic commutation dependent on the rotor position; Electronic commutators therefor
    • H02P6/14Electronic commutators
    • H02P6/16Circuit arrangements for detecting position
    • H02P6/18Circuit arrangements for detecting position without separate position detecting elements
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25BREFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2313/00Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for
    • F25B2313/029Control issues
    • F25B2313/0294Control issues related to the outdoor fan, e.g. controlling speed

Abstract

The invention provides a motor control device and an air conditioner. In a motor control apparatus having a phase voltage detecting circuit, there exists the loss of the phase voltage detecting circuit during the control process. Therefore, the invention aims at providing a motor control device capable of handling the changes of DC voltage for various motors having small storage capacity and high efficiency. To solve the problem, a mode having low loss of the phase voltage detecting circuit and the low switch loss of the inverter is selected according to the modulation rate. Moreover, when the modulation rate is small, a down 120 DEG C fixed two-phase modulation is carried out. When the modulation rate is large, the up-and-down 60 DEG C fixed two-phase modulation is carried out. Moreover, when the rotating speed is low, the tri-phase modulation is carried out. When the rotating speed is high and the modulation rate is low, the down 120 DEG C fixed two-phase modulation is carried out. When the rotating speed is high and the modulation rate is high, the up-and-down 60 DEG C fixed two-phase modulation is carried out.

Description

Control device of electric motor, air conditioner
Technical field
The present invention relates to have phase voltage testing circuit, carry out the high efficiency control of the control device of electric motor of 180 degree energising controls based on resistance.
Background technology
For example, under the situation of the outdoor fan that is provided with in the off-premises station that drives at air conditioner, before passing through the inverter startup motor, fan rotates (idle running) arbitrarily owing to wind sometimes.At this moment; When the circuit through having used a shunt resistance with no velocity pick-up vector control (senseless vector controlling) when carrying out the driving of motor; Switch element at inverter is not switched under the state of shutoff (ON/OFF), can't confirm because what kind of electric current the electric current that the induced voltage of motor produces is.Its reason is, the inferring of this position of magnetic pole is that logically to derive the current electric current that flows through shunt resistance through the timing of carrying out switch (switching) according to inverter be that what kind of method of current is carried out.
Therefore; In patent documentation 1, proposed outside the no velocity pick-up vector control of using a shunt resistance to carry out; The unit of the phase voltage that detects motor is set, the control device of the motor of the direction of rotation of the rotor of detection motor, rotary speed, position of magnetic pole before passing through the switch drive motor of inverter.
According to patent documentation 1; Append at fan because wind etc. disturb the circuit that detects the induced voltage of motor under the situation of rotating arbitrarily; Detection rotor position of magnetic pole, rotary speed and direction of rotation before inverter carries out switch; Thus, even when starting, have interference also can be controlled to be the rotary speed of hope.
The PWM control of general three-phase alternating-current motor is three-phase modulations; But the 110th, 111,125 page of the books " semiconductor power translation circuit " of electric association of the civic organization in March, 1987 distribution etc. separate to be right and put down in writing a kind of bi-phase modulated; It utilizes motor current not pass through the fact of voltage between phases decision through the phase voltage decision; Through while guarantee voltage between phases each expected time of arrival the chien shih inverter switch element connect (ON) all the time; Can make each electrical degree of each phase voltage be fixed as high-order power level or low level power level successively, reduce the switching losses of inverter with π/3 (60 degree).Below, call immobile phase 60 degree switching modes to above-mentioned bi-phase modulated mode.Fig. 2 representes the voltage waveform of three-phase modulations mode, and Fig. 3 representes the voltage waveform of immobile phase 60 degree switching modes.
In addition; Proposed through following patent documentation 2,3; Make each electrical degree be fixed as the switching losses that high-order power level or low level power level reduce inverter successively with 2 π/3 (120 degree); Under the little situation of the amplitude of phase voltage, stop this bi-phase modulated mode, motor is applied three-phase voltage.Below; Call immobile phase 120 degree switching modes to above-mentioned bi-phase modulated mode; To call the mode that immobile phase is fixed on the high potential of direct voltage immobile phase 120 degree switching modes especially, will call immobile phase 120 degree switching modes down to the mode that immobile phase is fixed on the electronegative potential of direct voltage.Fig. 4, Fig. 5 represent the voltage in three phases waveform of each modulation system.
Patent documentation 2 is a kind of inverter control methods; It is characterized in that, for reducing the maximum of leakage current, according to rotary speed; Switch to the peaked modulation system that reduces leakage current in low regime, the district switches to the modulation system of guaranteeing speed stability in middle and high speed.
Patent documentation 3 is a kind of control methods, it is characterized in that, be to realize high-efficiency operation, switches modulation system according to the two-dimensional coordinate of the figure (map) of torque and rotating speed or iq electric current, id electric current.
As patent documentation 1, under the situation of the control mode of using resistance as the means of the phase voltage that detects motor, when when in operation usually, producing phase voltage, detect in phase voltage and to flow through electric current in the resistance, lose.
Detect the loss of resistance generation, the switching losses of inverter through phase voltage, change according to modulation system and modulation rate.
The technology of patent documentation 1 does not change with modulation system because consider loss, the switching losses of phase voltage detection resistance, so can't high-efficiency operation.
The technology of patent documentation 2 is that purpose changes modulation system with the maximum that reduces leakage current, does not consider that the loss of phase voltage testing circuit, switching losses change with modulation system, so can't high-efficiency operation.And because change modulation system, so can't high-efficiency operation under the situation of the dc voltage change of inverter according to rotating speed.
The technology of patent documentation 3 is that purpose changes modulation system to reduce loss; But because do not consider the loss of phase voltage testing circuit; So under the situation of having selected immobile phase 120 degree switching modes, do not show immobile phase 120 degree switching modes clearly and still descend immobile phase 120 degree switching modes.And, because change modulation system, so can't high-efficiency operation under the situation of the dc voltage change of inverter according to rotating speed and torque or iq electric current and id electric current.And, because determine the switching point of modulation system, need big memory capacity with two-dimensional coordinate.
Patent documentation 2 and 3 common problems are to switch the specifications vary of the point of modulation system according to motor.This makes and when the specification of each change motor, will change switching point, needs the man-hour of design.
Patent documentation 1: TOHKEMY 2007-166695 communique
Patent documentation 2: TOHKEMY 2006-217673 communique
Patent documentation 3: TOHKEMY 2005-229676 communique
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is, the variation of the direct voltage that can tackle inverter or high efficiency control device of electric motor motor, that memory capacity is little of all size are provided.
Have the direct voltage detecting unit that detects direct voltage and detect the phase voltage detecting unit of motor phase through the phase voltage that detects motor; Has two or more modulation systems; Select the little modulation system of loss according to modulation rate, realize the purpose of the invention described above thus.
In addition; Have the direct voltage detecting unit that detects direct voltage and detect the phase voltage detecting unit of motor phase through the phase voltage that detects motor; Has two or more modulation systems; When modulation rate is low, select following 120 ° of fixing bi-phase modulated, when modulation rate is high, select 60 ° of fixedly bi-phase modulated, realize the purpose of the invention described above thus.
In addition; Have the direct voltage detecting unit that detects direct voltage and detect the phase voltage detecting unit of motor phase through the phase voltage that detects motor; Have two or more modulation systems, when the rotating ratio predetermined threshold value is low, select three-phase modulations, when rotating ratio predetermined threshold value height and modulation rate are low, select following 120 ° of fixing bi-phase modulated; When rotating ratio predetermined threshold value height and modulation rate are high, select 60 ° of fixedly bi-phase modulated, realize the purpose of the invention described above thus.
According to the present invention, can realize to tackle variation or high efficiency control device of electric motor motor, that memory capacity is little of all size of the direct voltage of inverter.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the integrally-built block diagram of the device of expression embodiment.
Fig. 2 is the voltage waveform of three-phase modulations.
Fig. 3 is the voltage waveform of 60 ° of switching mode bi-phase modulated of immobile phase.
Fig. 4 is a voltage waveform of going up 120 ° of switching mode bi-phase modulated of immobile phase.
Fig. 5 is the voltage waveform of following 120 ° of switching mode bi-phase modulated of immobile phase.
Fig. 6 is the chart of the loss of expression modulation system and modulation rate and phase voltage testing circuit.
Fig. 7 is the chart of the loss of expression modulation system and modulation rate and circuit.
Fig. 8 is the block diagram of expression boostrap circuit.
Fig. 9 is the block diagram that expression can be controlled the converter of direct voltage.
Figure 10 is that expression can be controlled direct voltage, in direct current portion, had the block diagram of the converter of reactor.
Figure 11 is the block diagram that expression has the converter of full wave and voltage doubling switch.
Symbol description
1 DC power supply
2 inverters
3 synchronous motors
4 controllers
5 current detectors
6 phase voltage detectors
101 power frequency supplies
102 reactors
103 diode bridges
104 filtering capacitors
105 bidirectional switchs
106 zero-crossing detectors
107 dc voltage detectors
108 short switches
109 current detectors
110 full wave and voltage doubling diverter switches
201 gate driving power supplys
202 bootstrap diodes
203 bootstrap capacitors
204 underarm drivers are used capacitor
205 upper arm drivers
206 underarm drivers
207 upper arm switching element
208 underarm switch elements
209 upper arm backflow diodes
210 underarm backflow diodes
401 motor current reconstructors
402 motor apply the voltage operational device
403 modulation rate arithmetic units
404 modulation manner selector
405 pwm signal generators
406 rotating speeds/direction of rotation arithmetic unit
407 convertor controls unit
Embodiment
Specify control device of electric motor of the present invention below.
[embodiment 1]
Fig. 1 is the circuit structure diagram of the embodiment of expression control device of electric motor of the present invention.The control device of present embodiment is made up of following each one: DC power supply 1; Be transformed to the inverter 2 of three-phase alternating current from DC power supply 1; Three-phase synchronous motor 3 as the controlling object of inverter; The interchange of computing motor applies voltage and is transformed to the controller 4 of pulse width modulated wave signal (pwm signal) back output; Detect the current detector 5 of DC power supply 1 to the bus current of inverter 2 supplies; Detect the phase voltage detector 6 of the phase voltage of three-phase synchronous motor 3; Dc voltage detector 7 with the direct voltage that detects DC power supply 1.
Controller 4 has motor current reconstructor 401, motor applies voltage operational device 402, modulation rate arithmetic unit 403, modulation manner selector 404, pwm signal generator 405, rotating speed/direction of rotation arithmetic unit 406.
Current detector 5 detects the bus current I0 that DC power supply 1 is supplied with to inverter 2, and motor current reconstructor 401 reproduces three-phase alternating current Iu, Iv, the Iw that flows through three-phase synchronous motor 3 according to I0.Motor applies voltage operational device 402 according to three-phase alternating current Iu, Iv, Iw and motor instruction rotating speed f *The three-phase alternating current command voltage Vu that computing should apply to three-phase synchronous motor 3 *, Vv *, Vw *Modulation rate arithmetic unit 403 is according to applying voltage operational device 402 computing modulation rate kh by dc voltage detector 7 detected direct voltage Vd and motor.The threshold value that modulation manner selector 404 compares kh and storage is come selecting modulation mode.Pwm signal generator 405 is according to above-mentioned three-phase alternating current command voltage Vu *, Vv *, Vw *, with modulation system generation pulse-width signal (pwm signal) u that selects through modulation manner selector 404 +, u -, v +, v -, w +, w -Rotating speed/direction of rotation arithmetic unit 406 is according to the rotating speed and the direction of rotation that start the three-phase synchronous motor 3 before the inverter through phase voltage detector 6 detected Vu ', Vv ', Vw ' computing.
Lifting shunt resistance as current detecting unit is example, but replaces shunt resistance and use current sensor also can realize above-mentioned startup method.
Common control, particularly motor apply the computing of voltage, for example use with TOHKEMY 2002-272194 communique in the same method of method put down in writing carry out.In addition, beyond said method, also can use the three-phase or two of motor current to calculate the three-phase alternating current command voltage mutually.
Rotor is described owing to disturb to wait and is rotated arbitrarily under the situation of (idle running) direction of rotation and the method for rotating speed when detecting interference through phase voltage detector 6.Threephase motor 3, preceding at inverter 2 switches (switching), motor rotates owing to disturbing, and thus, produces induced voltage Vu, Vv, Vw in each phase.When detecting these induced voltages with phase voltage detector 6 and calculating voltage between lines, because become sine wave, so rotating speed, direction of rotation, phase place that can calculating motor.
The computational methods of modulation rate arithmetic unit 403 then, are described.Modulation rate is the signal wave amplitude and the ratio of the amplitude of carrier wave, so in the PWM of inverter control, signal wave becomes the sine wave that on motor, applies, and carrier wave to become with 1/2 of direct voltage be the square wave of amplitude.Therefore, when the sinusoidal wave amplitude that on motor, applies as Vs *, during as Vd, modulation rate kh uses computes direct voltage.
Kh=Vs */ (Vd/2) ... (formula 1)
By phase voltage detect the loss that resistance causes, the switching losses of inverter changes according to modulation system and modulation rate.When Fig. 6 representes that direct voltage is 280V, the modulation rate in each modulation system and the relation of loss.The relation of loss is last 120 ° of fixing fixing fixing orders of bi-phase modulated of 120 ° of bi-phase modulated>three-phase modulations>following of 60 ° of bi-phase modulated>up and down.In addition, carrying out up and down 60 ° fixedly under the situation of bi-phase modulated, three-phase modulations, the influence of modulation rate is little in the loss.Carrying out following 120 ° fixedly under the situation of bi-phase modulated, during low modulation rate loss little, the high more loss during more near three-phase modulations of modulation rate.On carrying out 120 ° fixedly under the situation of bi-phase modulated, during low modulation rate loss big, the high more loss during more near three-phase modulations of modulation rate.
Switching losses also changes according to modulation system.This depends on when electric current is big, whether to carry out switch.Relatively when three-phase modulations and bi-phase modulated, because the switch number of three-phase modulations is 3/2 of a bi-phase modulated, and switch is many under the big situation of electric current, so the loss of three-phase modulations is big.Then; Even in bi-phase modulated, when relatively 120 ° of fixedly bi-phase modulated and 60 ° fixedly during bi-phase modulated up and down, hour much at one in modulation rate; When modulation rate is big electric current big, carry out switch, below the institute 120 ° fixedly bi-phase modulated than up and down 60 ° fixedly the bi-phase modulated loss become big.
Fig. 7 representes to comprise phase voltage and detects resistance and the circuit loss of SW loss and the relation of modulation rate.When modulation rate is high, in the example of Fig. 7, modulation rate be 0.8 o'clock from following 120 ° fixedly bi-phase modulated switch to up and down 60 ° fixedly during bi-phase modulated, can realize high-efficiency operation.
The modulation rate of switching, the relation of size that detects the loss of resistance according to the size and the phase voltage of the loss of inverter circuit decides, be preferably in 0.6~0.9 between switching.
[embodiment 2]
General IGBT or the MOS-FET of in the power device of inverter, using, the still circuit mode that is called as bootstrapping (bootstrap) circuit of use that kind shown in Figure 8 in its gate driving.This is 208 conductings of underarm switch element or 210 conductings of underarm backflow diode, and phase voltage and direct voltage low potential side are electrically connected, via bootstrap diode 202 from gate driving with the circuit of power supply 201 to bootstrap capacitor 203 charging.Through the voltage of charging in bootstrap capacitor 203, driver 205 can move, and makes upper arm switching element 207 conductings.Under the situation of upper arm switching element 207 conductings or 209 conductings of upper arm backflow diode, phase voltage and direct voltage hot side are electrically connected, but gate driving is cut off by bootstrap diode 202 with power supply 201 and bootstrap capacitor 203.As stated; To this capacitor charging; Be when 207 conductings of underarm switch element or during 210 conductings of underarm backflow diode (is the switch in correct time at motor current); But under the situation of having selected bi-phase modulated, take place underarm switch element 207 and underarm backflow diode 210 not conducting during, the problem that has the voltage of bootstrap capacitor to reduce.When the voltage of bootstrap capacitor reduced, the grid potential of switch element reduced, and the forward voltage of switch element increases, and the conducting loss increases, and efficient reduces, and is issued to the cause thermal damage of switch element in the worst situation.This point when the motor low speed rotation, underarm switch element and underarm backflow diode not conducting during long more, problem is remarkable more.Therefore, when the motor low speed rotation, always carry out the three-phase modulations of the switch of underarm switch element, when high rotating speed, make efficiency comes first ground carry out bi-phase modulated.When bi-phase modulated, as embodiment 1, select following 120 ° of fixedly bi-phase modulated and 60 ° of fixing bi-phase modulated up and down according to modulation rate.
According to this embodiment, can carry out stable drives from low speed rotation, realize high-efficiency operation.
From the downward 120 ° of fixing optimum values of the rotating speed that switches of bi-phase modulated of three-phase modulations; Change according to the capacity of bootstrap capacitor, the consumes electric power of driver, the number of poles of motor; But considering that bootstrap capacitor is under tens of μ F, the situation of consumes electric power for number mA, 4 pole motors, is preferably in from 100min -1To 400min -1Switch.
[embodiment 3]
The DC power supply 1 of permutation graph 1 is described and is used the embodiment under the situation of converter circuit of Fig. 9.The reactor 102 that the converter circuit of Fig. 9 has power frequency supply 101, be connected in series with AC power, to exchanging the diode bridge 103 that carries out rectification, the filtering capacitor 104 that is suppressed at the ripple component that comprises in the DC power supply and bidirectional switch 105.So bidirectional switch omits explanation here because proposed various structures.Through convertor controls unit 407, make bidirectional switch and synchronously carry out the short circuit action with zero-crossing detector 106 detected alternating voltage waveform, control alternating current thus, carry out the control of power-factor improvement, high harmonic inhibition, direct voltage.This control gets final product with the whole bag of tricks of japanese kokai publication hei 7-7946 number or TOHKEMY 2006-180700 number or other propositions.According to present embodiment, because direct voltage changes arbitrarily, so brought into play the advantage of the present invention of coming selecting modulation mode according to modulation rate better.In addition, in the converter circuit of Fig. 9, reactor is connected with AC power, but also can use the such converter circuit that in direct current portion, has reactor of Figure 10.
[embodiment 4]
The DC power supply 1 of permutation graph 1 is described and is used the embodiment under the situation of converter circuit of Figure 11.The converter circuit of Figure 11 has multiplication of voltage capacitor 104a, 104b and full wave and voltage doubling diverter switch 110.This converter circuit is controlled as japanese kokai publication hei 11-206130 number, TOHKEMY 2000-188867 number and is got final product.According to present embodiment, because dc voltage change is big, so brought into play the advantage of the present invention of coming selecting modulation mode according to modulation rate better.
[embodiment 5]
When using embodiment 1~4 in the control device at fan motor, even about might be because interferences such as wind and the motor that uses in any purposes of rotating also can be realized high efficiency control device at motor.
[embodiment 6]
When using embodiment 1~4 in the control device at the outdoor fan motor of air conditioner, can realize high efficiency air conditioner.

Claims (7)

1. control device of electric motor has the inverter that drives threephase motor from DC power supply, and this control device of electric motor is characterised in that,
Have: the direct voltage detecting unit that detects the direct voltage of above-mentioned DC power supply; With
Detect the phase voltage detecting unit of motor phase through the phase voltage that detects above-mentioned motor,
Have two or more modulation systems, select the little modulation system of loss according to modulation rate.
2. control device of electric motor has the inverter that drives threephase motor from DC power supply, and this control device of electric motor is characterised in that,
Have: the direct voltage detecting unit that detects the direct voltage of above-mentioned DC power supply; With
Detect the phase voltage detecting unit of motor phase through the phase voltage that detects above-mentioned motor,
Have two or more modulation systems, when modulation rate is low, select following 120 ° of fixing bi-phase modulated, when modulation rate is high, select 60 ° of fixedly bi-phase modulated.
3. control device of electric motor has the inverter that drives threephase motor from DC power supply, and this control device of electric motor is characterised in that,
Have: the direct voltage detecting unit that detects the direct voltage of above-mentioned DC power supply; With
Detect the phase voltage detecting unit of motor phase through the phase voltage that detects above-mentioned motor,
Has the modulation system more than three kinds; When the rotating ratio predetermined threshold value is low, select three-phase modulations; When rotating ratio predetermined threshold value height and modulation rate are low, select following 120 ° of fixing bi-phase modulated, when rotating ratio predetermined threshold value height and modulation rate are high, select 60 ° of fixedly bi-phase modulated.
4. according to each described control device of electric motor in the claim 1~3, wherein,
As above-mentioned DC power supply, be equipped with the converter of control direct voltage.
5. according to each described control device of electric motor in the claim 1~3, wherein,
As above-mentioned DC power supply, be equipped with converter with full wave and voltage doubling commutation circuit.
6. according to each described control device of electric motor in the claim 1~3, wherein,
Above-mentioned threephase motor is a fan motor.
7. an air conditioner is characterized in that,
Each described control device of electric motor in the claim 1~3 has been installed.
CN201110261513.4A 2010-11-19 2011-08-30 Motor control device, air-conditioner Expired - Fee Related CN102480259B (en)

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JP2010258472A JP5530905B2 (en) 2010-11-19 2010-11-19 Motor controller, air conditioner
JP2010-258472 2010-11-19

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CN102480259B CN102480259B (en) 2014-10-22

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