CN102480259B - Motor control device, air-conditioner - Google Patents

Motor control device, air-conditioner Download PDF

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Publication number
CN102480259B
CN102480259B CN201110261513.4A CN201110261513A CN102480259B CN 102480259 B CN102480259 B CN 102480259B CN 201110261513 A CN201110261513 A CN 201110261513A CN 102480259 B CN102480259 B CN 102480259B
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China
Prior art keywords
phase
motor
loss
control device
modulation rate
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Expired - Fee Related
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CN201110261513.4A
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Chinese (zh)
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CN102480259A (en
Inventor
奥山敦
船山裕治
田村正博
田村建司
右之子知惠
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Hitachi Global Life Solutions Inc
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Hitachi Appliances Inc
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02PCONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P27/00Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage
    • H02P27/04Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage
    • H02P27/06Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage using dc to ac converters or inverters
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25BREFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B49/00Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
    • F25B49/02Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for compression type machines, plants or systems
    • F25B49/025Motor control arrangements
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02PCONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P6/00Arrangements for controlling synchronous motors or other dynamo-electric motors using electronic commutation dependent on the rotor position; Electronic commutators therefor
    • H02P6/14Electronic commutators
    • H02P6/16Circuit arrangements for detecting position
    • H02P6/18Circuit arrangements for detecting position without separate position detecting elements
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25BREFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2313/00Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for
    • F25B2313/029Control issues
    • F25B2313/0294Control issues related to the outdoor fan, e.g. controlling speed

Abstract

The invention provides a motor control device and an air conditioner. In a motor control apparatus having a phase voltage detecting circuit, there exists the loss of the phase voltage detecting circuit during the control process. Therefore, the invention aims at providing a motor control device capable of handling the changes of DC voltage for various motors having small storage capacity and high efficiency. To solve the problem, a mode having low loss of the phase voltage detecting circuit and the low switch loss of the inverter is selected according to the modulation rate. Moreover, when the modulation rate is small, a down 120 DEG C fixed two-phase modulation is carried out. When the modulation rate is large, the up-and-down 60 DEG C fixed two-phase modulation is carried out. Moreover, when the rotating speed is low, the tri-phase modulation is carried out. When the rotating speed is high and the modulation rate is low, the down 120 DEG C fixed two-phase modulation is carried out. When the rotating speed is high and the modulation rate is high, the up-and-down 60 DEG C fixed two-phase modulation is carried out.

Description

Control device of electric motor, air conditioner
Technical field
The present invention relates to there is the phase voltage detection circuit based on resistance, carry out the high efficiency control of the control device of electric motor of 180 degree energising controls.
Background technology
For example, driving the outdoor fan arranging in off-premises station at air conditioner, sometimes by before inverter startup motor, fan is rotation (idle running) arbitrarily due to wind.Now, in the time that the circuit by having used a shunt resistance carries out the driving of motor with speed sensorless vector control (senseless vector controlling), be not switched under the state of shutoff (ON/OFF) at the switch element of inverter, cannot determine that what kind of electric current the electric current producing due to the induced voltage of motor is.Its reason is, the inferring of this position of magnetic pole is that timing by carry out switch (switching) according to inverter is logically derived the method what kind of electric current the current electric current that flows through shunt resistance is and carried out.
Therefore, in patent documentation 1, propose outside the speed sensorless vector control that uses a shunt resistance to carry out, the unit of phase voltage that detects motor is set, before the switch drive motor by inverter, detects the control device of the motor of direction of rotation, rotary speed, the position of magnetic pole of the rotor of motor.
According to patent documentation 1, append the circuit that detects the induced voltage of motor in the situation that fan rotates arbitrarily due to interference such as wind, detection rotor position of magnetic pole, rotary speed and direction of rotation before inverter carries out switch, thus, even have interference also can control the rotary speed into hope in the time of starting.
It is three-phase modulations that the PWM of general three-phase alternating-current motor controls, but the 110th of the books " semiconductor power translation circuit " of issuing in the electric association of civic organization in March, 1987, 111, the solution of 125 pages etc. is right and has recorded a kind of bi-phase modulated, it utilizes motor current not determine by phase voltage and the fact that determines by voltage between phases, by guaranteeing voltage between phases while each expected time of arrival chien shih inverter switch element connect all the time (ON), each that can make each phase voltage is fixed as high-order power level or low level power level successively with the electrical degree of π/3 (60 degree), reduce the switching losses of inverter.Above-mentioned bi-phase modulated mode is called to fixing 60 degree switching modes mutually below.Fig. 2 represents the voltage waveform of three-phase modulations mode, and Fig. 3 represents the fixing voltage waveform of 60 degree switching modes mutually.
In addition, propose by patent documentation 2,3 below, make each be fixed as successively high-order power level or low level power level and reduce the switching losses of inverter with the electrical degree of 2 π/3 (120 degree), in the case of the amplitude of phase voltage is little, stop this bi-phase modulated mode, motor is applied to three-phase voltage.Below, above-mentioned bi-phase modulated mode is called to fixing 120 degree switching modes mutually, especially the mode fixedly fixing at the high potential of direct voltage will be called to fixing 120 degree switching modes mutually, call lower fixing phase 120 in the mode of the electronegative potential of direct voltage and spend switching mode fixedly fixing.Fig. 4, Fig. 5 represent the voltage waveform of the three-phase of each modulation system.
Patent documentation 2 is a kind of inverter control methods, it is characterized in that, for reducing the maximum of leakage current, according to rotary speed, switch to the peaked modulation system that reduces leakage current in low regime, switch in middle and high fast district the modulation system of guaranteeing speed stability.
Patent documentation 3 is a kind of control methods, it is characterized in that, for realizing high-efficiency operation, carrys out switch modulation mode according to the two-dimensional coordinate of the figure of torque and rotational speed (map) or iq electric current, id electric current.
As patent documentation 1, use the control mode of resistance in the means of the phase voltage as detection motor, when produce phase voltage in the time conventionally moving time, detect current flowing in resistance in phase voltage, lose.
Detect the loss of resistance generation, the switching losses of inverter by phase voltage, change according to modulation system and modulation rate.
The technology of patent documentation 1, because do not consider that loss, the switching losses of phase voltage detection resistance change with modulation system, so cannot high-efficiency operation.
The technology of patent documentation 2, changes modulation system taking the maximum that reduces leakage current as object, does not consider that the loss of phase voltage detection circuit, switching losses change with modulation system, so cannot high-efficiency operation.And because change modulation system according to rotating speed, so cannot high-efficiency operation in the case of the DC voltage change of inverter.
The technology of patent documentation 3 changes modulation system to reduce loss as object, but because do not consider the loss of phase voltage detection circuit, so in the situation that having selected fixing phase 120 to spend switching mode, do not express fixing phase 120 and spend still lower fixing 120 degree switching modes mutually of switching mode.And, because change modulation system according to rotating speed and torque or iq electric current and id electric current, so cannot high-efficiency operation in the case of the DC voltage change of inverter.And, because with the switching point of two-dimensional coordinate determining modulation mode, so need large memory capacity.
Patent documentation 2 and 3 common problems are that the point of switch modulation mode is according to the specifications vary of motor.This makes will change switching point in the time of each specification that changes motor, needs the man-hour of design.
Patent documentation 1: TOHKEMY 2007-166695 communique
Patent documentation 2: TOHKEMY 2006-217673 communique
Patent documentation 3: TOHKEMY 2005-229676 communique
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is, the high efficiency control device of electric motor variation of the direct voltage that can tackle inverter or the motor of all size, that memory capacity is little is provided.
There is the phase voltage detecting unit that detects the direct voltage detecting unit of direct voltage and detect motor phase by detecting the phase voltage of motor, there is two or more modulation systems, select the little modulation system of loss according to modulation rate, realize thus the object of the invention described above.
In addition, there is the phase voltage detecting unit that detects the direct voltage detecting unit of direct voltage and detect motor phase by detecting the phase voltage of motor, there is two or more modulation systems, 120 ° of fixing bi-phase modulated under selecting in the time that modulation rate is low, in the time that modulation rate is high, select 60 ° of fixing bi-phase modulated, realize thus the object of the invention described above.
In addition, there is the phase voltage detecting unit that detects the direct voltage detecting unit of direct voltage and detect motor phase by detecting the phase voltage of motor, there is two or more modulation systems, in the time that the predetermined threshold value of rotating ratio is low, select three-phase modulations, 120 ° of fixing bi-phase modulated under selecting when high and modulation rate is low in the predetermined threshold value of rotating ratio, when high and modulation rate is high in the predetermined threshold value of rotating ratio, select 60 ° of fixing bi-phase modulated, realize thus the object of the invention described above.
According to the present invention, can realize the high efficiency control device of electric motor variation of the direct voltage that can tackle inverter or the motor of all size, that memory capacity is little.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the integrally-built block diagram that represents the device of embodiment.
Fig. 2 is the voltage waveform of three-phase modulations.
Fig. 3 is the fixing voltage waveform of 60 ° of switching mode bi-phase modulated mutually.
Fig. 4 is the voltage waveform of 120 ° of switching mode bi-phase modulated of upper fixing phase.
Fig. 5 is the voltage waveform of 120 ° of switching mode bi-phase modulated of lower fixing phase.
Fig. 6 is the chart that represents the loss of modulation system and modulation rate and phase voltage detection circuit.
Fig. 7 is the chart that represents the loss of modulation system and modulation rate and circuit.
Fig. 8 is the block diagram that represents boostrap circuit.
Fig. 9 is the block diagram that represents the converter that can control direct voltage.
Figure 10 is the block diagram that represents to control direct voltage, has the converter of reactor in direct current portion.
Figure 11 is the block diagram that represents the converter with full wave and voltage doubling switch.
Symbol description
1 DC power supply
2 inverters
3 synchronous motors
4 controllers
5 current detectors
6 phase voltage detectors
101 power frequency supplies
102 reactors
103 diode bridges
104 filtering capacitors
105 bidirectional switchs
106 zero-crossing detectors
107 DC voltage detectors
108 short switches
109 current detectors
110 full wave and voltage doubling diverter switches
201 grid driving powers
202 bootstrap diodes
203 bootstrap capacitors
204 underarm driver capacitors
205 upper arm drivers
206 underarm drivers
207 upper arm switching element
208 underarm switch elements
209 upper arm backflow diodes
210 underarm backflow diodes
401 motor current reconstructors
402 motor apply voltage operational device
403 modulation rate arithmetic units
404 modulation manner selector
405 pwm signal generators
406 rotating speeds/direction of rotation arithmetic unit
407 convertor controls unit
Embodiment
Illustrate control device of electric motor of the present invention below.
[embodiment 1]
Fig. 1 is the circuit structure diagram that represents the embodiment of control device of electric motor of the present invention.The control device of the present embodiment is made up of following portion: DC power supply 1, be transformed to the inverter 2 of three-phase alternating current from DC power supply 1, as the three-phase synchronous motor 3 of the control object of inverter, the controller 4 of output after the interchange of computing motor applies voltage and is transformed to pulse width modulated wave signal (pwm signal), the current detector 5 of the bus current that detection DC power supply 1 is supplied with to inverter 2, detect the phase voltage detector 6 of the phase voltage of three-phase synchronous motor 3, with the DC voltage detector 7 of direct voltage that detects DC power supply 1.
Controller 4 has motor current reconstructor 401, motor applies voltage operational device 402, modulation rate arithmetic unit 403, modulation manner selector 404, pwm signal generator 405, rotating speed/direction of rotation arithmetic unit 406.
Current detector 5 detects the bus current I0 that DC power supply 1 is supplied with to inverter 2, and motor current reconstructor 401 reproduces three-phase alternating current Iu, the Iv, the Iw that flow through three-phase synchronous motor 3 according to I0.Motor applies voltage operational device 402 according to three-phase alternating current Iu, Iv, Iw and motor instruction rotating speed f *the three-phase alternating current command voltage Vu that computing should apply to three-phase synchronous motor 3 *, Vv *, Vw *.Modulation rate arithmetic unit 403 applies voltage operational device 402 computing modulation rate kh according to the direct voltage Vd and the motor that are detected by DC voltage detector 7.The threshold value that modulation manner selector 404 compares kh and storage is carried out selecting modulation mode.Pwm signal generator 405 is according to above-mentioned three-phase alternating current command voltage Vu *, Vv *, Vw *, with modulation system generation pulse-width signal (pwm signal) u selecting by modulation manner selector 404 +, u -, v +, v -, w +, w -.Rotating speed/direction of rotation arithmetic unit 406 starts rotating speed and the direction of rotation of the three-phase synchronous motor 3 before inverter according to the Vu ', the Vv ' that detect by phase voltage detector 6, Vw ' computing.
Lifting shunt resistance as current detecting unit is example, but replaces shunt resistance and use current sensor also can realize above-mentioned starting method.
Alive computing is executed in common control, particularly motor, for example, use the method same with the method for recording in TOHKEMY 2002-272194 communique to carry out.In addition, beyond said method, also can calculate three-phase alternating current command voltage by the three-phase of motor current or two-phase.
Illustrate that rotor waits and rotates arbitrarily direction of rotation while detecting interference by phase voltage detector 6 in the situation of (idle running) and the method for rotating speed owing to disturbing.Threephase motor 3, front at inverter 2 switches (switching), motor, because interference is rotated, thus, produces induced voltage Vu, Vv, Vw in each phase.In the time detecting these induced voltages with phase voltage detector 6 and calculate voltage between lines, because become sine wave, so rotating speed, direction of rotation, phase place that can calculating motor.
The computational methods of modulation rate arithmetic unit 403 then, are described.Modulation rate is signal wave amplitude and the ratio that carries wave amplitude, so in the PWM of inverter controls, signal wave becomes the sine wave applying on motor, and carrier wave becomes 1/2 square wave as amplitude taking direct voltage.Therefore, when a sinusoidal wave amplitude applying on motor is as Vs *, during using direct voltage as Vd, modulation rate kh calculates with following formula.
Kh=Vs */ (Vd/2) ... (formula 1)
The loss being caused by phase voltage detection resistance, the switching losses of inverter change according to modulation system and modulation rate.When Fig. 6 represents that direct voltage is 280V, the modulation rate in each modulation system and the relation of loss.The pass of loss is the order of the upper and lower 60 ° of lower 120 ° of fixing bi-phase modulated of fixing bi-phase modulated > three-phase modulations > of upper 120 ° of fixing bi-phase modulated >.In addition, in the situation that carrying out upper and lower 60 ° of fixing bi-phase modulated, three-phase modulations, in loss, the impact of modulation rate is little.In the situation that carrying out lower 120 ° of fixing bi-phase modulated, when low modulation rate, lose little, the loss that modulation rate is more high while more approaching three-phase modulations.On carrying out 120 ° of fixing bi-phase modulated in the situation that, when low modulation rate loss large, the loss that modulation rate is more high while more approaching three-phase modulations.
Switching losses also changes according to modulation system.This depends in the time that electric current is large, whether to carry out switch.Relatively when three-phase modulations and bi-phase modulated, because the switch number of three-phase modulations is bi-phase modulated 3/2, and in the large situation of electric current, switch is many, so the loss of three-phase modulations is large.Then, even in bi-phase modulated, in the time of 120 ° of fixing bi-phase modulated relatively and upper and lower 60 ° of fixing bi-phase modulated, hour almost identical in modulation rate, in the time that modulation rate is large electric current large, carry out switch, the following 120 ° of fixing bi-phase modulated of institute become large than upper and lower 60 ° of fixing bi-phase modulated losses.
Fig. 7 represents to comprise phase voltage and detects resistance and the circuit loss of SW loss and the relation of modulation rate.In the time that modulation rate is high, in the example of Fig. 7, be, while switching to upper and lower 60 ° of fixing bi-phase modulated from lower 120 ° of fixing bi-phase modulated at 0.8 o'clock, can realize high-efficiency operation in modulation rate.
The modulation rate of switching, the big or small relation that detects the loss of resistance according to the size of the loss of inverter circuit and phase voltage decides, and switches between being preferably in 0.6~0.9.
[embodiment 2]
General IGBT or the MOS-FET of using in the power device of inverter, but in driving, its grid uses the circuit mode that is called as bootstrapping (bootstrap) circuit as shown in Figure 8.This is 208 conductings of underarm switch element or 210 conductings of underarm backflow diode, and phase voltage and the electrical connection of direct voltage low potential side, drive the circuit charging to bootstrap capacitor 203 with power supply 201 from grid via bootstrap diode 202.By the voltage of charging in bootstrap capacitor 203, driver 205 can move, and makes upper arm switching element 207 conductings.The in the situation that of upper arm switching element 207 conductings or 209 conducting of upper arm backflow diode, phase voltage and the electrical connection of direct voltage hot side, but grid driving is cut off by bootstrap diode 202 with power supply 201 and bootstrap capacitor 203.As mentioned above, to this capacitor charging, in the time of 207 conducting of underarm switch element or when 210 conducting of underarm backflow diode (being timing switch at motor current), but in the situation that having selected bi-phase modulated, there is underarm switch element 207 and underarm backflow diode 210 during not conducting, have the problem of the lower voltage of bootstrap capacitor.In the time of the lower voltage of bootstrap capacitor, the grid potential of switch element reduces, and the forward voltage of switch element increases, and conducting loss increases, and Efficiency Decreasing reaches the cause thermal damage of switch element in the worst case.This point is in the time of motor low speed rotation, and underarm switch element and underarm backflow diode are longer during not conducting, and problem is more remarkable.Therefore, in the time of motor low speed rotation, always carry out the three-phase modulations of the switch of underarm switch element, in the time of high rotating speed, make efficiency comes first and carry out bi-phase modulated.In the time of bi-phase modulated, as embodiment 1, select lower 120 ° of fixing bi-phase modulated and upper and lower 60 ° of fixing bi-phase modulated according to modulation rate.
According to this embodiment, can carry out stable drives from low speed rotation, realize high-efficiency operation.
The optimum value of the rotating speed switching from the downward 120 ° of fixing bi-phase modulated of three-phase modulations, change according to the number of poles of the power consumption of the capacity of bootstrap capacitor, driver, motor, but considering that bootstrap capacitor is tens of μ F, power consumption be several mA, 4 pole motor in the situation that, is preferably in from 100min -1to 400min -1switch.
[embodiment 3]
The DC power supply 1 of permutation graph 1 is described and uses the embodiment in the situation of converter circuit of Fig. 9.The converter circuit of Fig. 9 has power frequency supply 101, the reactor 102 being connected in series with AC power, the diode bridge 103 that carries out rectification to exchanging, the filtering capacitor 104 that is suppressed at the ripple component comprising in DC power supply and bidirectional switch 105.So bidirectional switch is because proposed various structures, description thereof is omitted here.By convertor controls unit 407, make bidirectional switch and the alternating voltage waveform detecting with zero-crossing detector 106 synchronously carry out short circuit action, control thus alternating current, carry out the control of power-factor improvement, limitation of high harmonics, direct voltage.The whole bag of tricks of No. 7-7946, Japanese kokai publication hei or No. 2006-180700, TOHKEMY or other propositions for this control.According to the present embodiment, because direct voltage changes arbitrarily, so brought into play better the advantage of the present invention of carrying out selecting modulation mode according to modulation rate.In addition, in the converter circuit of Fig. 9, reactor is connected with AC power, but also can use the such converter circuit in direct current portion with reactor of Figure 10.
[embodiment 4]
The DC power supply 1 of permutation graph 1 is described and uses the embodiment in the situation of converter circuit of Figure 11.The converter circuit of Figure 11 has multiplication of voltage capacitor 104a, 104b and full wave and voltage doubling diverter switch 110.This converter circuit is controlled as No. 2000-188867, No. 11-206130, Japanese kokai publication hei, TOHKEMY.According to the present embodiment, because DC voltage change is large, so brought into play better the advantage of the present invention of carrying out selecting modulation mode according to modulation rate.
[embodiment 5]
In the time using embodiment 1~4 in the control device at fan motor, even about the motor likely using in the purposes of rotation arbitrarily due to interference such as wind at motor, also can realize high efficiency control device.
[embodiment 6]
In the time using embodiment 1~4 in the control device at the outdoor fan motor of air conditioner, can realize high efficiency air conditioner.

Claims (6)

1. a control device of electric motor, has from DC power supply and drives the inverter of threephase motor, and this control device of electric motor is characterised in that,
Have: the direct voltage detecting unit that detects the direct voltage of above-mentioned DC power supply; With
Detect the phase voltage detecting unit of motor phase by detecting the phase voltage of above-mentioned motor,
There is two or more modulation systems, the predetermined value that the magnitude relationship of the loss in the loss with respect to by inverter and phase voltage detecting unit determines, when modulation rate is low, select lower 120 ° of fixing bi-phase modulated, the predetermined value that the magnitude relationship of the loss in the loss with respect to by inverter and phase voltage detecting unit determines, when modulation rate is high, select 60 ° of fixing bi-phase modulated, described modulation rate is signal wave amplitude and the ratio that carries wave amplitude.
2. a control device of electric motor, has from DC power supply and drives the inverter of threephase motor, and this control device of electric motor is characterised in that,
Have: the direct voltage detecting unit that detects the direct voltage of above-mentioned DC power supply; With
Detect the phase voltage detecting unit of motor phase by detecting the phase voltage of above-mentioned motor,
There are three kinds of above modulation systems, in the time that the predetermined threshold value of rotating ratio is low, select three-phase modulations, the predetermined value high and that determine with respect to the magnitude relationship of the loss in the loss by inverter and phase voltage detecting unit in the predetermined threshold value of rotating ratio, when modulation rate is low, select lower 120 ° of fixing bi-phase modulated, the predetermined value high and that determine with respect to the magnitude relationship of the loss in the loss by inverter and phase voltage detecting unit in the predetermined threshold value of rotating ratio, when modulation rate is high, select 60 ° of fixing bi-phase modulated, described modulation rate is signal wave amplitude and the ratio that carries wave amplitude.
3. control device of electric motor according to claim 1 and 2, wherein,
As above-mentioned DC power supply, be equipped with the converter of controlling direct voltage.
4. control device of electric motor according to claim 1 and 2, wherein,
As above-mentioned DC power supply, be equipped with the converter with full wave and voltage doubling commutation circuit.
5. control device of electric motor according to claim 1 and 2, wherein,
Above-mentioned threephase motor is fan motor.
6. an air conditioner, is characterized in that,
Control device of electric motor described in claim 1 or 2 has been installed.
CN201110261513.4A 2010-11-19 2011-08-30 Motor control device, air-conditioner Expired - Fee Related CN102480259B (en)

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JP2010-258472 2010-11-19

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