CN102476959B - Anaerobic rapid starting and anaerobic-aerobic integrated fermentation method at low temperature - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses an anaerobic rapid start-up and anaerobic-aerobic integrated fermentation method under low temperature conditions, and relates to environmental protection and energy technology. It is flushed into the tank to form an anaerobic environment; at the same time, the electric heater heats the biogas flushed in to heat the material in the tank, and the insulation layer keeps it warm, so as to solve the problem of difficult start of anaerobic fermentation and difficult process temperature under low temperature (≤20°C) conditions. Control the problem, and at the same time realize the natural start-up speed of anaerobic fermentation when the anaerobic fermentation start-up speed reaches the temperature ≥ 20°C. After the anaerobic fermentation is finished, air is introduced into the tank through the pipeline to perform aerobic composting fermentation on the biogas residue.

Description

Anaerobic quick start and anaerobic-aerobic integrated fermentation method under low temperature conditions

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of environmental protection and energy utilization, and is an anaerobic rapid start-up and anaerobic-aerobic integrated fermentation method under low temperature conditions. After the "anaerobic gas production" fermentation process is carried out, the solid organic matter in the tank is discarded The "aerobic fertilization" fermentation process is carried out, and the integrated treatment of biogas residues is carried out, so that the fermentation system can continuously and stably produce biogas and/or organic fertilizers. the

technical background

With the advancement of the construction process of the new socialist countryside, while the living standards of the villagers are improving, the traditional life patterns of the farmers have gradually changed, which has brought new environmental pollution and waste of resources, causing severe serious problems in towns and rural areas. Dirty, messy, poor phenomenon. According to the data of the Ministry of Environmental Protection, more than 280 million tons of household garbage are produced in rural areas of my country every year, and most of them are randomly piled or dumped into rivers, lakes or ditches, causing mosquitoes and flies to breed and the smell to permeate. These problems have led to the widespread phenomenon of dumping garbage, piles of dung and piles of firewood in rural areas of our country. The accumulation of these wastes in the environment often produces various harmful microorganisms, which seriously endanger people's health while polluting the environment. Therefore, the pollution situation in the suburbs and rural areas of our country is severe. If it is not dealt with, it will cause greater environmental problems. the

Dry anaerobic fermentation refers to an anaerobic fermentation treatment process with a TS mass fraction of 20% to 50%. The dry process has obvious advantages, and can be adapted to solid organic waste from various sources; the operating cost is low, and the volume production capacity is improved; the water demand is low or no water is required, saving water resources; Low cost, low follow-up treatment costs; stable operation process, no scum, sedimentation and other problems in the wet process; reduced odor emissions. Dry anaerobic fermentation can be used as an effective method for the harmless and resourceful treatment of solid waste. So far, there have been some explorations and researches on the optimization of dry fermentation process parameters and the mechanism of action in the composting process. Dry fermentation reaction equipment, biogas The research on slag treatment is not only a hot spot but also a difficult point. the

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of anaerobic rapid start-up and anaerobic-aerobic integrated fermentation method under low temperature conditions, in order to carry out "anaerobic gas production" on the basis of dry fermentation technology, theoretical development and practical application experience After the fermentation process, let the solid organic waste in the tank undergo an "aerobic fertilizer" fermentation process, and carry out integrated biogas residue treatment to solve the problems that need to be improved in the treatment and disposal of solid waste and fermentation production, and expand the solid Extent and level of real-time on-site treatment of waste. It can realize the on-site, timely and convenient disposal of domestic garbage and solid waste such as livestock and poultry manure in rural areas, urban residential areas, livestock and poultry farms, etc. the

For realizing the above object, technical solution of the present invention is:

An anaerobic rapid start and anaerobic-aerobic integrated fermentation method under low temperature conditions, which comprises the steps of:

A) Set the other valve as the connection between the biogas storage tank and the air compressor, turn on the power, start the air compressor and the electric heater, and flush the biogas in the biogas storage tank into the tank. The incoming biogas is heated to achieve low temperature start;

B) The hot biogas heats the material in the tank to carry out the fermentation process of "anaerobic gas production". temperature control;

C) After the "anaerobic gas production" fermentation process, set the other valve to be open to the atmosphere and the air compressor, and carry out "aerobic fertilizer" fermentation on the solid material of the biogas residue in the tank;

D) After the aerobic composting in the tank is completed, the compost is taken out from the inlet and outlet at the upper end of the tank for use. the

In the fermentation method, the temperature in the anaerobic fermentation is controlled by adjusting the heating temperature of the electric heater and the insulation effect of the insulation layer. the

In the fermentation method, the low temperature condition is under the condition of ≤20°C; the fast start is the natural start-up speed of anaerobic fermentation when the start-up speed reaches a temperature of ≥20°C. the

A column-type aerobic-anaerobic integrated fermentation device used in the fermentation method, including a fermentation tank, a gas storage bag, an air compressor, an electric heater, and a pipeline; the fermentation tank includes a double-layer tank body, an insulation layer and a top cover , there is a layer of sieve plate horizontally in the tank, the upper layer is the fermentation chamber, the lower layer is the gas buffer room and the leachate storage tank; the tank body is a double-layer cylindrical bowl, with an insulation layer between the two layers, and the upper end The inlet and outlet are sealed and firmly connected to the top cover, and the top cover is provided with a gas outlet; the characteristic is that: the lower end of the tank body is provided with an air inlet; outside the tank, the gas outlet is connected with the gas storage bag, and the gas storage bag is connected in sequence by pipelines The air compressor, the electric heater, and the electric heater are connected to the air inlet at the lower end of the tank through the pipeline; there is a valve on the gas storage bag, and there is another valve on the pipeline connecting the gas storage bag and the air compressor; the gas storage The valve on the bag is connected to the gas storage tank through the pipeline;

A plurality of temperature probes are installed on the inner wall of the tank, biogas is contained in the gas storage bag, and an air compressor and an electric heater are connected to a power supply. the

In the integrated fermentation device, the fermenter has a diameter of 0.5-2.0 m and a height of 1.5-3 m. the

In the integrated fermentation device, the upper layer of the sieve plate is a fermentation chamber, the lower layer of the sieve plate is a gas buffer chamber and a leachate temporary storage tank, the ratio of the height of the upper layer to the lower layer is 6:1 to 4:1, and the sieve hole The diameter is 0.25～1.00cm. the

In the integrated fermentation device, the other valve is a three-way valve, one input end communicates with the gas storage bag, the other input end communicates with the atmosphere/biogas storage tank, and the output end communicates with the air compressor. the

In the integrated fermentation device, the multiple temperature probes on the inner wall of the tank are distributed in the gas buffer chamber and the reaction chamber. the

In the integrated fermentation device, the maximum volume of the gas storage bag is twice that of the fermentation chamber of the dry fermentation device. the

The invention can realize the on-site and timely treatment and disposal of rural domestic garbage, planting waste, and livestock manure, and integrates the anaerobic dry fermentation and aerobic composting processes, which can make the operation process more convenient, and the loading/discharging Simple, aerobic composting of biogas residues in anaerobic dry fermentation can improve the resource utilization rate of biogas residues, save energy and reduce operating costs, improve the environmental level of rural residents, and solve the problems of litter dumping, manure piles, and firewood The phenomenon of chaos. the

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the device schematic diagram of anaerobic quick start and anaerobic-aerobic integrated fermentation method under low temperature condition of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is a schematic flow chart of the anaerobic rapid start-up and anaerobic-aerobic integrated fermentation method under low temperature conditions of the present invention. the

Reference numerals: 1-top cover; 2-tank body; 3-gas storage bag; 4-gas outlet; 5-sampling port; 6-sieve plate; 7-air compressor; 8-electric heater; 9a, 9b- Valve; 10-insulation layer; 11-reaction chamber; 12-gas buffer chamber; 13-temperature probe; 14-pipeline; 15-air inlet. the

Detailed ways

A column type anaerobic-aerobic integrated fermentation device of the present invention has a specific structure as shown in Figure 1: a column type anaerobic-aerobic integrated fermentation device includes a fermentation tank 2, a gas storage bag 3, an air compressor Machine 7, electric heating machine 8, pipeline 14. The fermentation tank includes a tank body 2, an insulation layer 10 and a top cover 1. The tank body 2 is a double-layer cylindrical bowl with an insulation layer 10 between the two layers. The spaces are sealed and fixed with flanges, and the top cover 1 is provided with a gas outlet 4 . A sieve plate is horizontally arranged in the tank body 2, and the diameter of the sieve hole is 0.25 to 1.00 cm. The space between the sieve plate 6 and the top cover is a reaction chamber, and the sieve plate 6 and the bottom of the tank are a gas buffer chamber 12. The ratio of the height of the upper layer to the lower layer is The ratio is 6:1 to 4:1, and the lower end of the tank body 2 is provided with an air inlet 15 . the

Outside the tank body 2, the gas outlet 4 communicates with the gas storage bag 3, and the gas storage bag 3 is connected to the air compressor 7 and the electric heater 8 in sequence through the pipeline 14, and the electric heater 8 is connected to the air inlet at the lower end of the tank body 2 through the pipeline 14 15 is connected; a valve 9a is provided on the gas storage bag 3, and another valve 9b is arranged on the pipeline 14 connecting the gas storage bag 3 and the air compressor 7. The other valve 9b is a three-way valve, one input end communicates with the gas storage bag 3 , the other input end communicates with the atmosphere, and the output end communicates with the air compressor 7 . the

The volume of the gas storage bag 3 is 1 time of the fermentation chamber of the dry fermentation device. Biogas is arranged in the gas storage bag 3, and the air compressor 7 and the electric heater 8 are connected with the power supply. the

Three sampling ports are arranged at 1/2 to 2/3 of the side wall of the tank body 2. A plurality of temperature probes 13 are arranged on the inner wall of the tank body 2 , and the plurality of temperature probes 13 are distributed in the reaction chamber 11 and the gas buffer chamber 12 . the

The process of a column type anaerobic-aerobic integrated fermentation device of the present invention includes steps:

A) Set another valve 9b as a biogas storage tank (not shown in the figure) to conduct with the air compressor 7, switch on the power supply, start the air compressor 7 and the electric heater 8, and flush the biogas in the biogas storage tank into Inside the tank body 2, at the same time, the electric heater 8 heats the biogas fed into the pipeline 14 to realize low-temperature start-up. the

B) The hot biogas heats the material in the tank 2 to carry out the "anaerobic gas production" fermentation process, and the gas generated in the fermentation is input into the gas storage bag 3; at the same time, the insulation layer 10 of the tank interlayer keeps the fermentation process warm, so as to realize the The temperature in anaerobic fermentation is controlled at about 20°C to 30°C;

Adjust the opening size of the valve 9a on the gas storage bag 3 and the opening size of another valve 9b on the pipeline 14, and simultaneously or separately adjust the heating temperature of the electric heater 8 for temperature control. the

C) After the "anaerobic gas production" fermentation process, another valve 9b is set as the atmosphere and air compressor 7 conduction, and the solid material of the biogas residue in the tank body 2 is fermented by "aerobic fertilizer". the

D) After the aerobic composting in the tank body 2 is completed, the compost is taken out from the inlet and outlet 1 at the upper end of the tank body 2 for use. the

The present invention is designed for the integrated treatment of biogas residues. After the "anaerobic gas production" fermentation process is carried out, the solid organic waste in the tank body 2 is subjected to the "aerobic fertilizer making" fermentation process to carry out the integrated treatment of biogas residues. After anaerobic fermentation, the biogas residue can be directly used for aerobic composting without taking out, improving the resource utilization of the biogas residue, so that the above-mentioned fermentation system can continuously and stably produce biogas and/or organic fertilizer. the

Claims (6)

1. under cold condition, anaerobism starts and an anaerobic-aerobic integrated fermentation process fast, and the method is used the integrated fermentation unit of a pillar aerobic-anaerobic, comprises fermentor tank, gas storage bag, air compressor, electric heating machine, pipeline; Fermentor tank comprises tank body, thermal insulation layer and top cover, and tank body is a double-layer circular cylindricality bowl bodies, has thermal insulation layer between two-layer, and feed inlet and outlet and the top seal of tank body upper end are affixed, and top cover is provided with pneumatic outlet; In tank body, be horizontally disposed with two layers of sieve plate, an opening for feed place, top that is positioned at fermentation unit, is upper strata sieve plate, and one is positioned at fermentor tank bottom, is lower floor's sieve plate; Between two layers of sieve plate and two layers of sieve plate each have distance with two ends, between two layers of sieve plate, be reaction cabin, between upper strata sieve plate and top cover, be gas buffer chamber, tank body lower end is provided with inlet mouth; Outside tank body, pneumatic outlet is connected with gas storage bag, and gas storage bag is with pipeline be linked in sequence air compressor, electric heating machine, and electric heating machine is connected with the inlet mouth of tank body lower end through pipeline again; On gas storage bag, be provided with valve, on the pipeline being connected with air compressor at gas storage bag, be provided with biogas by-pass valve control; A plurality of temp probes are installed in inner tank wall, in gas storage bag, have biogas, air compressor, electric heating machine are connected with power supply; The method comprising the steps of:

A) biogas by-pass valve control is made as to biogas storage tank and air compressor conducting, switches on power, start air compressor, electric heating machine, biogas in biogas storage tank is poured in tank body, and meanwhile, electric heating machine is to the biogas heating passing in pipeline, realize cold-starting, wherein low temperature is≤20 ℃;

B) hot biogas is heated to the material in tank body, carries out anaerobic gas generation fermenting process, the gas input gas storage bag producing in fermentation; The thermal insulation layer of tank body interlayer is incubated fermenting process simultaneously, realizes the temperature in anaerobically fermenting is controlled;

C) after anaerobic gas generation fermenting process, biogas by-pass valve control is made as to atmosphere and air compressor conducting, the solid materials of natural pond slag in tank body is carried out to aerobic composting fermentation;

D), after in tank body, aerobic composting completes, compost takes out use by the feed inlet and outlet on tank body top.

2. fermentation process according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described temperature in anaerobically fermenting being controlled, is by regulating the Heating temperature of electric heating machine and the insulation effect by thermal insulation layer to realize.

3. the integrated fermentation unit of pillar aerobic-anaerobic that fermentation process according to claim 1 is used, comprises fermentor tank, gas storage bag, air compressor, electric heating machine, pipeline; Fermentor tank comprises tank body, thermal insulation layer and top cover, and tank body is a double-layer circular cylindricality bowl bodies, has thermal insulation layer between two-layer, and feed inlet and outlet and the top seal of tank body upper end are affixed, and top cover is provided with pneumatic outlet; It is characterized in that: in tank body, be horizontally disposed with two layers of sieve plate, an opening for feed place, top that is positioned at fermentation unit, is upper strata sieve plate, and one is positioned at fermentor tank bottom, is lower floor's sieve plate; Between two layers of sieve plate and two layers of sieve plate each have distance with two ends, between two layers of sieve plate, be reaction cabin, between upper strata sieve plate and top cover, be gas buffer chamber, tank body lower end is provided with inlet mouth; Outside tank body, pneumatic outlet is connected with gas storage bag, and gas storage bag is with pipeline be linked in sequence air compressor, electric heating machine, and electric heating machine is connected with the inlet mouth of tank body lower end through pipeline again; On gas storage bag, be provided with valve, on the pipeline being connected with air compressor at gas storage bag, have biogas by-pass valve control;

A plurality of temp probes are installed in inner tank wall, in gas storage bag, have biogas, air compressor, electric heating machine are connected with power supply.

4. integrated fermentation unit according to claim 3, is characterized in that: the diameter of described fermentor tank is 0.5～2.0m, is highly 1.5～3m.

5. integrated fermentation unit according to claim 3, is characterized in that: described biogas by-pass valve control is three-way valve, and one input end communicates with gas storage bag, and another input terminus communicates with atmosphere/biogas storage tank, and output terminal communicates with air compressor.

6. integrated fermentation unit according to claim 3, is characterized in that: a plurality of temp probes in described inner tank wall, are distributed in gas buffer chamber, reaction cabin.