CN105948832B - A kind of small-sized kitchen garbage installation for fermenting - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a small kitchen garbage fermentation device, which belongs to the field of waste recycling. The device includes a feed system, an aerobic composting system, an anaerobic fermentation system and a deodorization system. The aerobic composting system includes six composting tanks connected in a ring and wrapping the anaerobic fermentation tank in the center of the device. When the food waste in the retting tank is full, the retting tank turns to another empty tank to receive the food waste from the feeding system. Specific positions in the ring-shaped retting tank are equipped with spraying and aeration devices to ensure effective composting. The composted food waste enters the anaerobic fermentation tank for methane fermentation. The biogas produced by the fermentation tank can be used as domestic gas after being collected with a biogas bag. The biogas slurry and biogas residue produced by the fermentation tank are discharged into the septic tank. The device has the advantages of simple structure, little environmental pollution, resource utilization of waste, etc., and is especially suitable for the treatment of kitchen waste produced by families or residential quarters.

Description

A small food waste fermentation device

technical field

The invention relates to the field of waste recycling, in particular to a small kitchen waste fermentation device.

Background technique

Food waste is the main component of urban waste, with high oil (5% to 20%), high salt (wet basis: 0.8% to 1.5%), high moisture (70% to 90%), high organic content (dry Base: more than 90%) and perishable odor, easy acidification, easy biodegradation and other characteristics. At present, the kitchen waste produced by urban households is either directly discarded, or discharged into the municipal sewage pipe network after being crushed. This approach will increase the production of landfill gas and leachate, increase the load on landfills and urban sewage plants, and cause a substantial increase in the cost of secondary pollution prevention and control. Furthermore, the high salinity in food waste will limit its long-term use in soil as a compost product.

Food waste is rich in nutrients and contains trace elements that are more suitable for the growth needs of microorganisms, so it is suitable for biological treatment. The anaerobic methanogenesis technology has the characteristics of wide adaptability to fermentation materials (degradable complex substrate components), easy separation of target products (biogas), and easy engineering application. It is currently the most potential organic waste recycling technology.

The invention provides a small-scale fermentation device with simple structure, easy operation, less environmental pollution, and can realize the recycling of food waste, which can be applied to the treatment of food waste produced in families or residential quarters.

Contents of the invention

The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a small kitchen waste fermentation device.

The device includes feeding system, aerobic composting system, anaerobic fermentation system and deodorization system;

Among them, the feeding system is located on the upper part of the food waste fermentation device, and the feeding system includes a water tank, a garbage processor inlet and a garbage processor; the aerobic composting system includes six aerobic composting tanks with the same volume, six aerobic The stacking retting tanks are connected in a ring shape, and the six aerobic stacking tanks are respectively located at No. 1, No. 2, No. 3, No. 4, No. 5 and No. 6 positions; between the six aerobic retting tanks There are partitions, and the six aerobic retting tanks are rotated by motors; the retting tanks at positions 2, 3, 4 and 5 are ventilated through the air pipes laid at the bottom; the odor produced by the retting tanks After the gas is collected by the odor gas collection hood, it is transported to the deodorization system through the odor pipeline for deodorization and then discharged; the top of the retting tanks at No. 2, No. 3, No. 4, No. 5 and No. 6 positions Spray device; the outlet of the garbage processor is connected to the feed port of the aerobic retting tank at the No. 1 stacking tank; the fermentation liquid produced at the No. 1 stacking tank is discharged into the bottom of the food waste fermentation device Fermentation liquid collection tank, the fermentation liquid in the fermentation liquid collection tank is sprayed back to the stacking retting tank through the fermentation liquid spraying pipeline and fermentation liquid spraying device; the bottom of the sixth position of the stacking retting tank is provided with an anaerobic fermentation tank feed port;

In the anaerobic fermentation system, there is an agitator in the anaerobic fermentation tank, which is driven by a motor; when the inlet of the anaerobic fermentation tank is opened, the agitator is started; when the inlet of the anaerobic fermentation tank is closed, the agitator is started twice a day , 3 minutes each time; the biogas produced by the anaerobic fermentation tank enters the biogas collection bag through the biogas outlet and the biogas pipeline for use by the gas furnace; the biogas slurry and residue produced by the anaerobic fermentation tank pass through the biogas slurry outlet and The biogas residue is piped into the septic tank.

The aerobic composting system and the anaerobic fermentation system are sealed in the same box, and an insulating material is provided between the outer wall of the box and the inner wall of the box, wherein the thermal conductivity of the insulating material is lower than 0.0005kW/(m ² ·℃).

The garbage disposer is used to shred food waste, and a compound microbial agent can also be added to the garbage disposer. The dosage of the agent is 0.5%-1% of the dry weight of the food waste.

The six aerobic retting tanks rotate 60 degrees every 1-2 days; food waste stays in each retting tank for 5-14 days. No. 2, No. 3, No. 4 and No. 5 stacking tanks have a daily ventilation rate of 10-25L-air/kg-organic matter/d; No. 2, No. 3, No. 4, No. 5 and The organic matter in the No. 6 retting tank is adjusted by spraying the fermentation liquid so that the moisture content is not lower than 60%.

The anaerobic fermentation tank is closely surrounded by six aerobic retting tanks; the thermal conductivity of the spacer between the anaerobic fermentation tank and the six aerobic retting tanks is 100-250kW/(m ² ·℃). The hydraulic retention time of food waste in the anaerobic fermentation tank is 15-30 days. The volume ratio of a single aerobic retting tank to anaerobic fermentation tank is 1:20-1:40.

The acclimatized anaerobic digested sludge was inoculated in the anaerobic fermentation tank.

The deodorization device in the deodorization system is a biological deodorization device or a physical and chemical deodorization device.

The beneficial effects of above-mentioned technical scheme of the present invention are as follows:

(1) The present invention can reduce the amount of odor and waste liquid generated by the stacking of kitchen waste, improve environmental sanitation, and reduce the difficulty and cost of collecting and transporting kitchen waste;

(2) The device recycles the heat generated during the aerobic composting process of organic waste, which can increase the gas production rate of the anaerobic fermentation system in the kitchen;

(3) The food waste in this device is degraded by aerobic retting in advance and part of the easily degradable organic matter is beneficial to avoid acidification in the anaerobic fermentation process and improve the stability of the anaerobic fermentation system;

(4) The operating cost of the device is low, the water consumption is small, and biogas energy can be recovered at the same time;

(5) The device produces less odor during the process of treating kitchen waste, and the biogas slurry and residue can be directly discharged into the septic tank, which is conducive to the further recovery of biomass energy in the septic tank.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the structural representation of a kind of small kitchen waste fermentation device of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is a top view of a small-scale food waste fermentation device of the present invention.

Among them: 1-water pool; 2-garbage processor inlet; 3-garbage processor; 4-aerobic retting tank inlet; 5-position one; 6-position two; 7-position three; 8-position four; 9-position five; 10-position six; 11-partition; 12-outer wall of the box; 13-inner wall of the box; 14-anaerobic fermentation tank; 15-stirrer; 16-motor ;17-fermentation liquid collection tank; 18-fermentation liquid spray pipe; 19-fermentation liquid spray device; 20-biogas slurry and residue discharge port; 21-biogas discharge port; 22-biogas pipeline; 23-biogas collection bag ; 24- gas furnace; 25- anaerobic fermentation tank feed port; 26- air pipeline; 27- biogas slurry and residue pipeline; 28- odor gas collection hood;

Detailed ways

In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and advantages to be solved by the present invention clearer, the following will describe in detail with reference to the drawings and specific embodiments.

The invention provides a small kitchen waste fermentation device.

As shown in Figures 1 and 2, Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the device, and is also a schematic structural schematic diagram of the A-A section in Figure 2 . The device is divided into feeding system, aerobic composting system, anaerobic fermentation system and deodorization system; among them, the feeding system includes pool 1, garbage processor inlet 2, garbage processor 3; the aerobic composting system contains volume The same six aerobic retting tanks are connected in a ring, and the six aerobic retting tanks are respectively located at the first position 5, the second position 6, the third position 7, the fourth position 8, the fifth position 9 and the sixth position. No. 10; there are partitions 11 between the six aerobic retting tanks, which can be driven by a motor 16 to rotate; No. 2 position 6, No. 3 position 7, No. 4 position 8 and No. Air pipe 26 for ventilation; the odor produced by the retting tank is collected by the odor gas collection hood 28, and then sent to the deodorization system through the odor pipeline 29 for deodorization; the second position 6, the third position 7, and the fourth position The top of the retting tank at position 8, position 9 at position 5 and position 10 at position 6 is provided with a fermentation liquid spraying device 19; the outlet of garbage disposer 3 is connected to the feed port 4 of the aerobic retting tank at position 5 of the first position of the retting tank; The fermented liquid produced at No. 5 of the retting tank is discharged into the fermented liquid collection tank 17 through the bottom fermented liquid discharge pipe 30, and the fermented liquid in the tank is sprayed back to the corresponding stacking retting tank through the fermented liquid spraying pipeline 18 and the fermented liquid spraying device 19 ; The bottom of No. 6 position 10 of the retting tank is provided with an anaerobic fermentation tank feed port 25;

In the anaerobic fermentation system, there is an agitator 15 in the anaerobic fermentation tank 14, which is driven by a motor 16; when the feed port 25 of the anaerobic fermentation tank is opened, the agitator 15 starts; when the feed port 25 of the anaerobic fermentation tank is closed, The agitator 15 is turned on twice a day for 3 minutes each time; the biogas produced by the anaerobic fermentation tank 14 enters the biogas collection bag 23 through the biogas discharge port 21 and the biogas pipeline 22 for use by the gas furnace 24; the biogas produced by the anaerobic fermentation tank 14 The liquid biogas residue is discharged into the septic tank through the biogas slurry and biogas residue discharge port 20 and the biogas slurry and biogas residue pipeline 27; the aerobic composting system and the anaerobic fermentation system in this food waste fermentation device are sealed in the same box, and the outer wall of the box is 12 Insulation material is provided between and casing inner wall 13.

The feeding system is located on the upper part of the food waste fermentation device; the fermentation liquid collection tank 17 is located at the bottom of the food waste fermentation device; the garbage processor 3 can also add compound microbial agents here in addition to the function of crushing food waste; anaerobic fermentation tank The acclimatized anaerobic digested sludge was inoculated within 14 days.

Example 1

The above-mentioned device is used to process the food waste produced by the family. The thermal conductivity of the outer wall 12 of the fermentation device box is 0.00048kW/(m ² ·°C). The device processes about 2kg of food waste per day. Garbage and composite bacteria agent (dosing amount is 0.5% of the dry weight of kitchen waste) are mixed and crushed and then enter the aerobic stack retting tank. The residence time of food waste in each retting tank is 10 days; the daily ventilation rate in the retting tanks at No. 2 6, No. 3 7, No. 4 8 and No. 5 9 is 25L-air/kg-organic matter /d, the odor produced by the retting tank is discharged after being purified by the biological deodorization device; the moisture content of the organic matter in the retting tank at No. 6, No. 3, 8, No. 5, No. 9 and No. Spray the fermentation broth to adjust the moisture content so that it is not less than 60%. The retting kitchen waste enters the anaerobic fermentation tank 14 through the feed port 25 of the anaerobic fermentation tank. The thermal conductivity of anaerobic fermentation tank 14 and six aerobic retting tank partitions is 136kW/(m ² ·℃); the volume ratio of a single aerobic retting tank to anaerobic fermentation tank 14 is 1:30; The hydraulic retention time of the garbage in the anaerobic fermentation tank 14 is 20 days. In this fermentation device, according to the above operating conditions, the gas production rate of the device is 420-520mL-methane/g-vs.

Example 2

Using the same device of embodiment 1, kitchen waste is mixed into quantitative bacterial chaff before entering garbage disposer 3, kitchen waste: bacterial chaff=5:1; The residence time of food waste in each retting tank is 5 days; The hydraulic retention time of food waste in the anaerobic fermentation tank 14 is 30 days. Other conditions are identical with embodiment 1. According to the above operating conditions, the gas production rate of the device is 490-580mL-methane/g-vs.

Example 3

Using the same device as in Example 1, the daily processing capacity of kitchen waste is about 20kg; the volume ratio of a single aerobic retting tank to anaerobic fermentation tank 14 is 1:25; food waste stays in each retting tank The time is 7 days. Other conditions are identical with embodiment 2. According to the above operating conditions, the gas production rate of the device is 510-590mL-methane/g-vs.

In the present invention, the aerobic stacking retting device is arranged on the periphery of the anaerobic fermentation device, and the heat generated in the aerobic fermentation process can be utilized to increase the rate of anaerobic fermentation. In addition, after aerobic composting of food waste, easily degradable organic matter can be decomposed, which can effectively alleviate the acidification problem in the anaerobic fermentation process and improve system stability. Finally, the device produces less secondary pollution and can also recover biomass energy. The device has a reasonable structure and is easy to operate. It is a more suitable device for treating household kitchen waste.

The above description is a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it should be pointed out that for those of ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the principle of the present invention, some improvements and modifications can also be made, these improvements and modifications It should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (5)

1. a kind of small-sized kitchen garbage installation for fermenting, it is characterised in that: including feed system, aerobic composting system, anaerobic fermentation System and deodoration system；

Wherein, feed system is located at kitchen garbage installation for fermenting top, and feed system includes pond (1), garbage disposer charging Mouth (2) and garbage disposer (3)；Aerobic composting system includes the identical six aerobic stack retting slots of volume, six aerobic stack retting slots Connection annular in shape, six aerobic stack retting slots are located at No.1 position (5), No. two positions (6), third place (7), No. four positions (8), No. five Position (9) and No. six positions (10)；Have partition (11) between six aerobic stack retting slots, six aerobic stack retting slots are driven by motor (16) to be revolved Turn；No. two positions (6), third place (7), No. four positions (8) and No. five position (9) stack retting slots are by being laid on the air pipeline (26) of bottom It ventilates；After the produced foul smell of stack retting slot is collected by foul smell gas gathering mask (28), it is de- that deodoration system is delivered to through foul smell pipeline (29) Discharge after smelly；No. two positions (6), third place (7), No. four positions (8), No. five positions (9) and No. six position (10) stack retting groove top portions are equipped with hair Zymotic fluid spray equipment (19)；The aerobic stack retting slot feed inlet (4) of garbage disposer (3) outlet connection stack retting slot No.1 position (5)；Heap Macerate the fermentation liquid that slot No.1 position (5) produced fermentation liquid is discharged into kitchen garbage installation for fermenting bottom through submerged fermentation liquid delivery pipe (30) Collecting tank (17), the fermented liquid spray piping (18) of fermentation liquid collecting tank (17) interior fermentation liquid and fermentation liquid spray equipment (19) return It is sprayed onto stack retting slot；Stack retting slot No. six positions (10) bottom is equipped with anaerobic fermentation tank feed inlet (25)；

There are blender (15) in anaerobic fermentation tank (14) in anaerobic fermentation system, is driven by motor (16)；When anaerobic fermentation tank into When material mouth (25) is opened, blender (15) starting；When anaerobic fermentation tank feed inlet (25) are closed, blender (15) is opened daily 2 times, every time 3 minutes；Anaerobic fermentation tank (14) produced biogas enters biogas collection through firedamp drainage mouth (21) and biogas pipeline (22) Airbag (23) is used for gas furnace (24)；Anaerobic fermentation tank (14) produced biogas slurry and biogas residue is through biogas slurry and biogas residue discharge outlet (20) and biogas slurry Biogas residue pipeline (27) is discharged into septic tank；

Rotate 60 degree within described six aerobic stack retting slots every 1-2 days；Kitchen garbage residence time in each stack retting slot is 5-14 days；

No. two positions (6), third place (7), No. four positions (8) and No. five daily Ventilation Rates of position (9) stack retting slot are 10-25L- empty Gas/kg- organic matter/d；Have in No. two positions (6), third place (7), No. four positions (8), No. five positions (9) and No. six position (10) stack retting slots Machine object adjusts moisture content by spray fermentation liquid, makes moisture content therein not less than 60%；

The anaerobic fermentation tank (14) is closely surround by six aerobic stack retting slots；Anaerobic fermentation tank (14) and six aerobic stack retting slots The thermal coefficient of spacing board is 100-250kW/ (m²·℃)；

The interior kitchen garbage hydraulic detention time of anaerobic fermentation tank (14) is 15-30 days；

The volume ratio of each aerobic stack retting slot and anaerobic fermentation tank (14) is 1:20-1:40.

2. small-sized kitchen garbage installation for fermenting according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the aerobic composting system and detest Aerobe fermentation system sealing is equipped with thermal insulation material in same cabinet between cabinet exterior (12) and cabinet wall (13), wherein heat preservation The thermal coefficient of material is lower than 0.0005kW/ (m²·℃)。

3. small-sized kitchen garbage installation for fermenting according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the garbage disposer (3) is used In adding complex micro organism fungicide in broken kitchen garbage, garbage disposer (3), it is kitchen garbage dry weight that microbial inoculum, which adds ratio, 0.5%-1%.

4. small-sized kitchen garbage installation for fermenting according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: in the anaerobic fermentation tank (14) It is inoculated with the anaerobically digested sludge through taming.

5. small-sized kitchen garbage installation for fermenting according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the deodorization in the deodoration system Device is biological deodorizer or materialization deodorization device.