CN102472175A - 气态和液态燃料内燃机的运行方法以及内燃机 - Google Patents

气态和液态燃料内燃机的运行方法以及内燃机 Download PDF

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CN102472175A
CN102472175A CN2010800318052A CN201080031805A CN102472175A CN 102472175 A CN102472175 A CN 102472175A CN 2010800318052 A CN2010800318052 A CN 2010800318052A CN 201080031805 A CN201080031805 A CN 201080031805A CN 102472175 A CN102472175 A CN 102472175A
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K·旺德里希
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    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02DCONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
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    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02DCONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D19/00Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures
    • F02D19/06Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed
    • F02D19/0663Details on the fuel supply system, e.g. tanks, valves, pipes, pumps, rails, injectors or mixers
    • F02D19/0686Injectors
    • F02D19/0689Injectors for in-cylinder direct injection
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02DCONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D19/00Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures
    • F02D19/06Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed
    • F02D19/08Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed simultaneously using pluralities of fuels
    • F02D19/081Adjusting the fuel composition or mixing ratio; Transitioning from one fuel to the other
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02DCONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
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    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02DCONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/0025Controlling engines characterised by use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures
    • F02D41/0027Controlling engines characterised by use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures the fuel being gaseous
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02DCONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/02Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
    • F02D41/04Introducing corrections for particular operating conditions
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F02NSTARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02N11/00Starting of engines by means of electric motors
    • F02N11/08Circuits or control means specially adapted for starting of engines
    • F02N11/0814Circuits or control means specially adapted for starting of engines comprising means for controlling automatic idle-start-stop
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02NSTARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02N19/00Starting aids for combustion engines, not otherwise provided for
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于气态和液态燃料的内燃机的运行方法,其中将气态的燃料在所述内燃机的燃烧室的上游引入进气系统内,并且其中液态的燃料被直接喷入燃烧室内。内燃机在启动-停止运行中运行,其中,优选在内燃机停止(10)之后的启动期间向至少一个气缸的燃烧室内喷入液态燃料(12)。随后——通过转换(16)的产生——将气态燃料引入所述气缸的进气系统内。此外,本发明涉及一种内燃机。

Description

气态和液态燃料内燃机的运行方法以及内燃机
技术领域
本发明涉及一种气态和液态燃料内燃机的运行方法,其中将气态燃料在内燃机的燃烧室的上游引入进气系统内。在内燃机采用液态燃料运行时,液态燃料被直接喷入燃烧室内。本发明还涉及一种可以采用液态和气态燃料来运行的内燃机。
背景技术
DE 10 2006 049 242A1涉及一种可以采用气体/气体燃料和汽油运行的内燃机。在此,在内燃机的进气管上每个气缸设置有至少一个气体喷射器,借助该气体喷射器可以向进气管内注入天然气。此外,该内燃机的每个气缸具有汽油喷射器,借助该汽油喷射器可以将汽油直接喷入燃烧室内。通过利用天然气来运行内燃机可以达到排放比较少的有害物质的目的。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于,提供一种开头所述类型的改进的方法以及一种用于气态和液态燃料的改进的内燃机。
该目的通过一种具有权利要求1特征的方法并通过一种具有权利要求7特征的内燃机得以实现。在相应的从属权利要求中给出了具有本发明的合理改进方案的、有利的构造。
在依据本发明的用于气态和液态燃料内燃机的运行方法中,其中将气态燃料在内燃机的燃烧室的上游引入进气系统内,并且其中液态燃料被直接喷入燃烧室内,内燃机在启动-停止运行模式中运行。启动-停止运行模式降低内燃机的燃料消耗并因此形成特别低的有害物质排放、特别是减少二氧化碳的排放。在启动-停止运行模式中,在不需要内燃机的驱动功率的情况下关停内燃机。由此提供一种改进的、用于气态和液态燃料的内燃机的运行方法。液态燃料可以特别是液态的汽油燃料。
在本发明的一有利构造中,在启动-停止运行模式中,在内燃机停止之后进行启动时,将液态燃料喷入至少一个气缸的燃烧室内。这是基于以下的认识,即在启动-停止运行模式中将气态燃料向燃烧室内的间接引入与启动舒适性的降低相关联。这是因为,在内燃机停止之后进行启动时如果向进气系统内引入气态燃料,则在点火之前首先需要至少一个进气冲程,以便向燃烧室内输送空气-气体混合物。
与此相比,在液态燃料直喷式内燃机中,可以将液态燃料喷入到已经充有空气的燃烧室中。气缸的活塞在内燃机的关断过程或停止之后优选处于下死点/止点的区域内。启动时,于是直至气缸——该气缸内被喷入液态燃料——的第一次点火,只需要进行压缩行程。以这样的方式在用于气态和液态燃料的内燃机中,在内燃机停止之后的启动期间能够进行特别迅速和特别高效的启动。
由此,实现了内燃机的快速启动的可能性,如其在液态燃料、特别是液态汽油燃料直喷式内燃机中实现的那样。此外,有规律地、即在内燃机停止之后的启动期间对处于喷射器内的液态燃料进行更换,即使是在内燃机原则上采用气态燃料,例如高压缩的天然气(CNG=Compressed NaturalGas)来运行的情况下。此外,这使得可以对用于液态燃料的直喷式系统进行有规律的功能控制和诊断。
另外,在下列的情况下是有利的:在启动-停止运行模式中,在内燃机停止之后进行启动时,在向至少一个气缸的燃烧室内喷入仅一次液态燃料之后的进气冲程内,将气态燃料引入该气缸的进气系统内。也就是说,优选仅喷入一次液态燃料且随后相应的气缸在启动之后重新采用气态燃料来运行。因为在启动-停止运行模式中,在停止之后的启动期间内燃机已经达到运行温度,所以在喷入液态燃料时不会形成壁膜,从而喷入液态燃料会引发产生良好的排放值。
依据本发明的另一方面,一种改进的、用于气态和液态燃料的内燃机具有:至少一个气体喷射器,借助该喷射器可以将气态燃料在内燃机的燃烧室上游引入进气系统内;至少一个其他的喷射器,借助所述其他的喷射器可以将液态燃料直接引入燃烧室内;一用于启动-停止运行模式的控制装置。
依据本发明的方法所描述的优点和优选的实施方式也适用于依据本发明的内燃机。
说明书中上文所述的特征和特征组合以及在下文的附图说明中所述的和/或附图中单独示出的特征和特征组合不仅可以各自给出的组合方式来使用,而且在不偏离本发明的范围的情况下也可以其他的组合方式或单独被使用。
附图说明
本发明的其他的优点、特征和细节由权利要求书、下文中的优选实施方式的描述以及附图来给出。
该附图举例示出用于气态和液态燃料的内燃机的运行的流程图。
具体实施方式
车辆的(未示出的)内燃机可以采用气态和液态的燃料来运行、例如采用高压缩的天然气(CNG=Compressed Natural Gas)和汽油。为了将气体引入进气系统,内燃机具有气体喷射器。此外,设置有汽油喷射器,借助其将汽油直接喷入各自气缸的燃烧室内。内燃机包括一用于启动-停止运行模式的控制装置。
在启动-停止运行模式中,例如在交通信号灯或铁路道口处停止10之后,向内燃机的至少一个气缸的燃烧室内喷入汽油12。在这种情况下燃烧室被充入空气。由于在此之前已发生了停止10,所以气缸的活塞处于压缩冲程前的下死点的区域内。启动器引起气缸的压缩行程的产生,并随之产生燃烧室内的汽油-空气混合物的点火14。
在由于喷入汽油而实行了启动之后,使气缸转换成采用气体来运行16。也就是说,在内燃机升速(Hochlaufen)时或升速后转换到气体运行方式中。
在向具有多个气缸的内燃机的仅一个气缸内喷入一次汽油后,可以进行从汽油至气体的转换16。
作为另一选择方案,在从汽油运行方式转换到气体运行方式16之前,可以向多个气缸、特别是所有气缸内进行喷入、特别是仅进行一次喷入12。
但每个气缸也可以进行一次以上的喷入12。在这种情况下,在多于一次的工作循环期间在向相关的气缸内喷入汽油以后才进行转换16。
此外,该转换16可以是一连续过程,从而将逐渐较少的汽油直接喷入气缸内并且同时将逐渐较多的气体引入进气系统内,也就是说运行材料的转换按照斜坡的方式逐渐增加和逐渐减少。
从汽油向作为燃料的气体进行的转换16可以与内燃机的温度有关地来进行,也就是说在升速的内燃机达到最低温度时进行。在停止10之后进行启动时,如果内燃机仍然是冷的并且因此在使用汽油作为燃料时存在构成不希望的壁膜的危险或没有液态燃料可供使用,则也可以不喷入汽油而相对地将气体引入进气系统内。

Claims (7)

1.一种用于气态和液态燃料的内燃机的运行方法,其中将所述气态燃料在所述内燃机的燃烧室的上游引入进气系统内,并且其中所述液态燃料被直接喷入所述燃烧室内,其特征在于,所述内燃机在启动-停止运行模式中运行。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,在所述启动-停止运行模式中,在所述内燃机停止(12)之后的启动期间,将所述液态燃料喷入至少一个气缸的燃烧室内。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法,其特征在于,在所述启动-停止运行模式中,在所述内燃机停止(12)之后的启动期间,在向至少一个气缸的燃烧室内喷入、特别是喷入仅一次所述液态燃料之后的进气冲程内,将所述气态燃料引入所述气缸的进气系统内。
4.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,在所述启动-停止运行模式中,在所述内燃机停止(12)之后的启动期间,在所述内燃机的多个气缸内、特别是所有气缸内各自的燃烧室内喷入一次所述液态燃料之后,将所述气态燃料引入所述气缸的进气系统内。
5.根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,在所述启动-停止运行模式中,在所述内燃机停止(12)之后的启动期间,将逐渐较少的液态燃料喷入并且将逐渐较多的气态燃料引入所述进气系统内。
6.根据权利要求1至5中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,在所述启动-停止运行模式中,在所述内燃机停止(12)之后的启动期间,从液态燃料向气态燃料的或从气态燃料向液态燃料的转换(16)以与所述内燃机的温度有关的方式来进行。
7.一种用于气态和液态燃料的内燃机,所述内燃机具有:至少一个气体喷射器,借助所述气体喷射器可以将所述气态燃料在所述内燃机的燃烧室的上游引入进气系统内;至少一个其他的喷射器,借助所述其他的喷射器可以将所述液态燃料直接引入所述燃烧室内,其特征在于,所述内燃机包括用于启动-停止运行模式的控制装置。
CN2010800318052A 2009-07-16 2010-06-18 气态和液态燃料内燃机的运行方法以及内燃机 Pending CN102472175A (zh)

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DE102009033861A DE102009033861A1 (de) 2009-07-16 2009-07-16 Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Brennkraftmaschine für gasförmigen und flüssigen Kraftstoff und Brennkraftmaschine
PCT/EP2010/003689 WO2011006572A1 (de) 2009-07-16 2010-06-18 Verfahren zum betreiben einer brennkraftmaschine für gasförmigen und flüssigen kraftstoff und brennkraftmaschine

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