CN102464104B - Afloat solar energy sea water desalination apparatus is set - Google Patents

Afloat solar energy sea water desalination apparatus is set Download PDF

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Publication number
CN102464104B
CN102464104B CN201110164020.9A CN201110164020A CN102464104B CN 102464104 B CN102464104 B CN 102464104B CN 201110164020 A CN201110164020 A CN 201110164020A CN 102464104 B CN102464104 B CN 102464104B
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upper storage
storage reservoir
water
distillation
pond
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CN102464104A (en
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冯静
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HAIMEN HUANGHAI PIONEER PARK SERVICES CO., LTD.
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冯静
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  • Vaporization, Distillation, Condensation, Sublimation, And Cold Traps (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention relates to one and arrange afloat solar energy sea water desalination apparatus, its special feature sets gradually lower pond, upper storage reservoir, printing opacity canopy in hull; Upper storage reservoir is provided with admission gear and exhaust gear; Adopt the method for naturally freezing in hull to make fresh water during winter, utilize admission gear and exhaust gear that the sea water by distillation of not freezing fresh water simultaneously.In all the other times, the method for solar distilling seawater is adopted to make fresh water.The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: sea water desalting plant of the present invention floats in the seawater, does not take land resources.Its fresh water outlet amount is in the winter time higher than the device of existing simple dependence solar radiation distillation seawater.Action in apparatus of the present invention all relies on natural force, does not need engine installation, not power consumption, does not also need manpower.Because the present invention can swim in sea, therefore can be docked in high-quality seawater region and carry out sea water desalination by unrestricted choice.

Description

Afloat solar energy sea water desalination apparatus is set
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of seawater desalination, especially relate to a kind of device utilizing natural energy resources to desalinize seawater.
Background technology
Sea water desalination is the problem that people pay close attention to always.The method desalinated seawater is a lot, but the method for routine, as multistage distillation method, ion exchange process, dialysis, reverse osmosis membrane and freezing etc., all a large amount of fuel or electric power to be consumed.Because the green-house effect of the earth, aerial contamination are day by day serious, therefore, seek to carry out sea water desalination with solar power, be subject to people's attention.
Disc type solar energy distillation device desalination technology has many advantages: be first can independent operating, do not limit by the condition such as steam, electric power, pollution-free, safe in operation is reliable and stable, does not consume conventional manual's energy, has very large using value to energy scarcity, area that environmental demands is high; Next is that manufacturing scale can organic assembling, and comformability is good, invests relatively less.
But its weak point to occupy a large amount of land resourceses, and be secondly enter winter, intensity of solar radiation is weak, causes fresh water yield low.If can improve the problems referred to above, desalination with Solar Energy possesses the competitive power in water supply market more.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve above-mentioned the deficiencies in the prior art, the object of this invention is to provide so a kind of solar energy sea water desalination apparatus: first, it does not take land resources, wide sea is utilized to settle sea water desalting plant, second, enter winter, the cold method desalinized seawater of freezing in a device of nature can be utilized to produce fresh water, to improve the fresh water outlet amount in winter.
Device of the present invention is achieved in that it comprises the hull that can float in water, sets gradually lower pond, upper storage reservoir, printing opacity canopy in hull; Pond under establishing a drainage hole to be communicated with at the bottom of upper storage reservoir pond; Upper storage reservoir top is provided with distillation tank, and distillation tank is communicated with lower pond by distillation water channel;
Described printing opacity canopy is provided with vent window and canopy lid, and canopy lid can move and enclosed ventilation mouth, and upper storage reservoir is isolated from the outside; Be provided with the floating plate that can float in water in described lower pond, be provided with multiple wet cloth group in floating plate, when floating plate floats in water, water enters floating plate from the inlet opening floating plate, wet cloth is rolled into a ball and soaks in water at least partially; Be provided with pulley and stay cord in the pulley groove in floating plate bottom and lower pond, one end of stay cord is fixed in the pulley groove in lower pond, and the other end is connected with canopy lid, when floating plate floats in water, by pulley, pulls stay cord, canopy lid is moved and enclosed ventilation mouth;
Be provided with blockage mechanism in described upper storage reservoir, blockage mechanism comprises the spring, kickboard, stay cord, the stopper that are connected successively, and wherein one end of spring is fixed on upper storage reservoir, and the other end is pressed in kickboard; Stopper blocks drainage hole by deadweight, and when kickboard overcomes spring force upwards, by stay cord, pull-up stopper departs from drainage hole;
Described upper storage reservoir is provided with admission gear and exhaust gear, and described admission gear comprises the standpipe of painted black, pipe windward containing wind rudder and can rotate and seal the shrouding of standpipe; One end of standpipe puts in lower pond, and the other end is equipped with the pipe windward containing wind rudder and stretches out outside printing opacity canopy; Described exhaust gear comprises extraction pipe, radiating gill, wind eaves, distillation water pipe and can rotate and seal the shrouding of extraction pipe; One end of extraction pipe puts in lower pond, and the other end is communicated with radiating gill and stretches out outside printing opacity canopy, and the first radiating gill wherein and wind eaves are provided with distillation ditch, and distillation ditch connection bit is in the distillation water pipe on upper storage reservoir top; Air-flow enters from the pipe windward of admission gear, through lower pond, flows out from the gap between the radiating gill of exhaust gear;
Be provided with the breather pipe be fixed on admission gear's standpipe in described upper storage reservoir, one end of breather pipe is higher than distillation tank, and the other end is higher than at the bottom of upper storage reservoir pond;
Application said apparatus makes the step of fresh water:
First step: closing on the time of temperature lower than less than 0 DEG C, removing canopy lid, and add seawater in upper storage reservoir; In the time of temperature lower than less than 0 DEG C, the seawater in upper storage reservoir freezes in cold air; When ice ties certain thickness, due to ice cubic expansion, promote kickboard and overcome spring force upwards, stopper is pulled up, and the seawater do not frozen is from pond drainage hole inflow;
Float in the seawater that floating plate does not freeze in lower pond, it pulls stay cord by pulley, canopy lid is moved and enclosed ventilation mouth, so that upper storage reservoir is isolated from the outside;
Sunlight is through printing opacity canopy, and the air in heating canopy, in order to melt ice; Due to hot pressing effect, the hot air in canopy flows into ice sheet bottom, also in order to melt ice through breather pipe; Salty frozen water in ice releases from ice crystal gap gradually, flows into lower pond through drainage hole; Afterwards, ice sheet melts gradually, and kickboard declines gradually by the compressing of spring, and stopper also declines thereupon; When ice sheet is thinned to a certain degree through melting, and after the salinity of salty frozen water of discharging is less than 1 ‰, stopper blocks drainage hole completely by conducting oneself with dignity, and the ice in upper storage reservoir continues to melt, and turns to fresh water;
On the other hand, the pipe windward of sunlight heats black, standpipe, external air flow enters into lower pond through pipe and standpipe windward after heating, and the moisture of the wet cloth group on the floating plate in lower pond is evaporated; Because external air flow flows through wind eaves, flow velocity is accelerated, pressure reduces, the water vapour evaporated in lower pond is sucked rising through extraction pipe, the radiating gill of a part of water vapour wherein under wind eaves flows out, another part water vapour contact heat spreader is caught a cold, and condenses into water droplet and falls into distillation ditch, drop in upper storage reservoir through distillation water pipe;
Until the ice in upper storage reservoir all turns to fresh water;
Second step: take out the fresh water in upper storage reservoir; Concentrated seawater in lower pond is also taken out, and cleans lower pond with seawater; The drainage hole of the inlet opening in floating plate and upper storage reservoir is blocked; And close standpipe and extraction pipe, enter solar distilling seawater operation:
In upper storage reservoir, add seawater, close canopy lid, sunlight is through printing opacity canopy, and the seawater in heating upper storage reservoir, makes evaporation of seawater, and its water vapour rises, and printing opacity canopy is met cold, condense into water droplet, the inclined-plane along canopy drops down, and falls into distillation tank, flows into lower pond through distillation water channel; When the seawater of upper storage reservoir is concentrated to a certain degree, take out concentrated seawater, also take out the distilled water in lower pond; Seawater is added again, re-distillation in upper storage reservoir;
In 1 year, first step carries out in the winter time, carries out the solar distilling seawater operation in second step all the other seasons.
The present invention's feature compared with prior art and beneficial effect are:
One, sea water desalting plant of the present invention can float across the sea, does not take land resources.
Two, because apparatus of the present invention can produce fresh water by the method for freezing in the winter time, its fresh water outlet amount is in the winter time higher than the device of existing simple dependence solar radiation distillation seawater.This is because the heat of fusion of ice is 334.4KJ/kg, be only 1/7 of the heat of vaporization (water is 2257.2 KJ/kg 100 DEG C time) of water, so institute's energy requirement of freezing desalting process itself is more much lower than distillation methods.
Three, the action in apparatus of the present invention is such as drawn the cork son, and canopy lid is closed etc., all relies on natural force, does not need engine installation, not power consumption, also do not need manpower.
Four, the present invention can to berth the advantage in seawater region: A by unrestricted choice, makes fresh water in high-quality seawater region.B, freezes in cold area, but moves to warm regions ice-melt and become fresh water.C, as the equipment of conveying fresh water.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Below in conjunction with figure and embodiment the present invention is further described.
Fig. 1 is the three-dimensional view of apparatus of the present invention inside.
Fig. 2 is the C partial enlarged view in Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is the three-dimensional view after apparatus of the present invention load onto printing opacity canopy 4.
Printing opacity canopy in Fig. 4 Fig. 3 is covered the schematic diagram after canopy lid 42.
Fig. 5 is the A-A cutaway view in Fig. 3.
Fig. 6 is the using state reference diagram of Fig. 5.
Fig. 7 is the B partial enlarged view in Fig. 6.
Fig. 8 is the schematic perspective view of floating plate.
Detailed description of the invention
(see Fig. 5 and Fig. 6) device of the present invention mainly comprises the hull 1 that can float in water, sets gradually lower pond 2, upper storage reservoir 3, printing opacity canopy 4 in hull; Pond under establishing a drainage hole 31 to be communicated with at the bottom of upper storage reservoir pond; Upper storage reservoir top is provided with distillation tank 32, and distillation tank is communicated with lower pond by distillation water channel 33; An anchor ring 11 is fixed in hull bottom, and anchor ring can connection cable 12 and anchor (non-figure goes out), hull can be made like this to be docked in a certain marine site, particularly can be docked in the region of high-quality seawater.
Be provided with blockage mechanism in upper storage reservoir 3, blockage mechanism comprises the spring 34, kickboard 35, stay cord 36, the stopper 37 that are connected successively, and wherein one end of spring is fixed on upper storage reservoir, and the other end is pressed in kickboard; Stopper blocks drainage hole by deadweight, when kickboard overcome spring force upwards time, by soft stay cord, pull-up stopper depart from drainage hole;
Printing opacity canopy 4 is provided with vent window 41 and canopy lid 42(is shown in Fig. 3 and Fig. 4), canopy lid can move and enclosed ventilation mouth, and upper storage reservoir is isolated from the outside;
Be provided with the floating plate 21(that can float in water in lower pond 2 and see Fig. 5-Fig. 8), be provided with multiple wet cloth group 22 in floating plate.The object arranging floating plate and wet cloth group is: because air-flow velocity, evaporation area and temperature are depended in the evaporation of moisture.(floating plate can adopt adiabatic material preferably to the water segregation in this pond, up and down water base in floating plate, wherein only an inlet opening 23 connects with the aqueous phase in lower pond), the hot air entered from pipe windward 53 and the standpipe 51 of painted black only needs to heat the water floating plate, has the temperature utilizing and improve this sub-fraction water; Shallow water on floating plate can be transported to the surface of wet cloth group by the capillary tub of the single in wet cloth group, and in floating plate, the face area of many wet cloth groups is greater than the plan area of floating plate, and Here it is adds evaporation area.(after ensureing the wet cloth group of floating plate carrying, still can float in water, the method for fixing floating drum on floating plate can be adopted, or adopt the good material of buoyancy to make floating plate).When floating plate floats in water, water enters floating plate from the inlet opening 23 floating plate, wet cloth is rolled into a ball and soaks in water at least partially; Be provided with pulley 25 and stay cord 26 in the pulley groove 24 in floating plate 21 bottom and lower pond, one end of stay cord 26 is fixed in the pulley groove 24 in lower pond, and the other end is connected with canopy lid 42, when floating plate floats in water, by pulley 25, pull stay cord 26, canopy lid 42 is moved and enclosed ventilation mouth 41;
Upper storage reservoir 3 is provided with admission gear and exhaust gear, and described admission gear comprises the standpipe 51 of painted black, the pipe windward 53 containing wind rudder 52 and can rotate and seal the shrouding 54 of standpipe.Its apoplexy rudder 52 can make the rotary mouth of pipe windward all the time facing the wind to.One end of standpipe puts in lower pond 2, and the other end is equipped with the pipe windward 53 containing wind rudder and stretches out printing opacity canopy outer 4; Described exhaust gear comprises extraction pipe 71, radiating gill 72, wind eaves 73, distillation water pipe 74 and can rotate and seal the shrouding 75 of extraction pipe, one end of extraction pipe puts in lower pond, the other end is communicated with radiating gill and stretches out outside printing opacity canopy, the first radiating gill 76(is wherein shown in Fig. 7) and wind eaves 73 be provided with distillation ditch 77, distillation ditch connection bit is in the distillation water pipe 74 on upper storage reservoir top; Air-flow enters from the pipe windward of admission gear, through lower pond, flows out from the gap between the radiating gill of exhaust gear;
Be provided with the breather pipe 61(be fixed on admission gear's standpipe in upper storage reservoir and see Fig. 6), one end of breather pipe is higher than distillation tank 32, and the other end is higher than at the bottom of upper storage reservoir 3 pond;
Application said apparatus makes the step of fresh water:
First step: closing on the time of temperature lower than less than 0 DEG C, removing canopy lid 42, exposing vent window 41, and add seawater (usually using water pump operation) in upper storage reservoir 3, the height of seawater to the lower plane of kickboard 35 is as the criterion (see figure 5).In the time of temperature lower than less than 0 DEG C, the seawater in upper storage reservoir freezes in cold air, and (when freezing, the salt in seawater can be discharged outside ice crystal.But still have some salts to have little time to discharge the ice sheet of flash freeze, when these some salts need ice sheet afterwards to start to melt, first from the gap between ice crystal, discharge ice sheet with the water melted).When ice ties certain thickness, due to ice cubic expansion, promote kickboard 35, overcome spring force upwards, by soft stay cord 36, stopper 37 is pulled up, and the seawater do not frozen is shown in Fig. 6 from pond 2(drainage hole 31 inflow);
Float in the seawater that floating plate 21 does not freeze in lower pond 2, it pulls stay cord 26 by pulley 25, canopy lid 42 is moved and enclosed ventilation mouth 41, so that upper storage reservoir 3 is isolated from the outside;
(see figure 6) sunlight is through printing opacity canopy 4, and the air in heating printing opacity canopy, in order to melt ice; Due to hot pressing effect, the hot air in canopy flows into ice sheet bottom through breather pipe 61, also in order to melt ice; Salty frozen water in ice releases from ice crystal gap gradually, flows into lower pond 2 through drainage hole 31; Afterwards, ice sheet melts gradually, and kickboard 35 declines gradually by the compressing of spring 34, and stopper 37 also declines thereupon;
When ice sheet is thinned to a certain degree through melting, after the salinity of the salty frozen water of particularly discharging when the time comes has been less than 1 ‰ (the saliferous standards of fresh water), stopper blocks drainage hole completely by deadweight, and (this operating mode is determined by the length adjusting stay cord 36, after the salty frozen water salinity of discharging is less than 1 ‰, ensure that the length of stay cord 36 can allow plug drainage hole 31.The length of stay cord can keep permanent use after once determining) ice in upper storage reservoir continues to melt, and turns to fresh water;
On the other hand, the pipe windward 53 of sunlight heats black, standpipe 51, external air flow enters into lower pond through pipe and standpipe windward after heating, and the moisture of the wet cloth group 22 on the floating plate 21 in lower pond is evaporated; Because external air flow flows through wind eaves 73, flow velocity is accelerated, according to bernoulli principle, pressure reduces, in lower pond 2, the water vapour of evaporation is sucked rising through extraction pipe 71, and the radiating gill 72 of a part of water vapour wherein under wind eaves flows out (see figure 7), and another part water vapour contact heat spreader is caught a cold, condense into water droplet and fall into distillation ditch 77, drop in upper storage reservoir 3 through distillation water pipe 74;
Until the ice in upper storage reservoir all turns to fresh water;
Second step: take out the fresh water in upper storage reservoir 3; Concentrated seawater in lower pond 2 is also taken out, to pump under seawater flushing pond afterwards one time, to dilute the salinity remained on lower pool wall.Then the seawater of this flushing is pumped; The drainage hole 31 of the inlet opening 23 in floating plate 21 and upper storage reservoir is blocked; And rotate shrouding, close standpipe 51 and extraction pipe 71, enter solar distilling seawater operation:
In upper storage reservoir 3, add seawater, close canopy lid 42, sunlight is through printing opacity canopy 4, (in fact upper storage reservoir becomes a traditional solar energy sea water distiller to seawater in heating upper storage reservoir, upper storage reservoir pool wall can establish an adiabatic layer insulation, and surperficial blacking is beneficial to heat absorption) make evaporation of seawater, water vapour rises; Because printing opacity canopy heat absorption itself is few, temperature is lower than warm water in pond, water vapour is met cold on printing opacity canopy 4, condense into water droplet, inclined-plane along printing opacity canopy drops down, and falls into distillation tank 32, flows into lower pond 2(floating plate 21 float in the distilled water in lower pond through distillation water channel 33, because inlet opening 23 is plugged, wet cloth group 22 no longer contacts with distilled water).Although the distilled water in lower pond can be mixed into seawater salinity residual in lower pond, as long as this salinity does not exceed the salinity standard of fresh water.
When the seawater of upper storage reservoir is concentrated to a certain degree, take out concentrated seawater, also take out the distilled water in lower pond; Seawater is added again, re-distillation in upper storage reservoir;
In 1 year, first step carries out in the winter time, carries out the solar distilling seawater operation in second step all the other seasons.

Claims (1)

1. an afloat solar energy sea water desalination apparatus is set, it is characterized in that it comprises the hull that can float in water, in hull, set gradually lower pond, upper storage reservoir, printing opacity canopy; Pond under establishing a drainage hole to be communicated with at the bottom of upper storage reservoir pond; Upper storage reservoir top is provided with distillation tank, and distillation tank is communicated with lower pond by distillation water channel;
Described printing opacity canopy is provided with vent window and canopy lid, and canopy lid can move and enclosed ventilation mouth, and upper storage reservoir is isolated from the outside; Be provided with the floating plate that can float in water in described lower pond, be provided with multiple wet cloth group in floating plate, when floating plate floats in water, water enters floating plate from the inlet opening floating plate, wet cloth is rolled into a ball and soaks in water at least partially; Be provided with pulley and stay cord in the pulley groove in floating plate bottom and lower pond, one end of stay cord is fixed in the pulley groove in lower pond, and the other end is connected with canopy lid, when floating plate floats in water, by pulley, pulls stay cord, canopy lid is moved and enclosed ventilation mouth;
Be provided with blockage mechanism in described upper storage reservoir, blockage mechanism comprises the spring, kickboard, stay cord, the stopper that are connected successively, and wherein one end of spring is fixed on upper storage reservoir, and the other end is pressed in kickboard; Stopper blocks drainage hole by deadweight, and when kickboard overcomes spring force upwards, by stay cord, pull-up stopper departs from drainage hole;
Described upper storage reservoir is provided with admission gear and exhaust gear, and described admission gear comprises the standpipe of painted black, pipe windward containing wind rudder and can rotate and seal the shrouding of standpipe; One end of standpipe puts in lower pond, and the other end is equipped with the pipe windward containing wind rudder and stretches out outside printing opacity canopy; Described exhaust gear comprises extraction pipe, radiating gill, wind eaves, distillation water pipe and can rotate and seal the shrouding of extraction pipe; One end of extraction pipe puts in lower pond, and the other end is communicated with radiating gill and stretches out outside printing opacity canopy, and the first radiating gill wherein and wind eaves are provided with distillation ditch, and distillation ditch connection bit is in the distillation water pipe on upper storage reservoir top; Air-flow enters from the pipe windward of admission gear, through lower pond, flows out from the gap between the radiating gill of exhaust gear;
Be provided with the breather pipe be fixed on admission gear's standpipe in described upper storage reservoir, one end of breather pipe is higher than distillation tank, and the other end is higher than at the bottom of upper storage reservoir pond;
An anchor ring is fixed in described hull bottom, and anchor ring connects anchor by hawser.
CN201110164020.9A 2011-06-17 2011-06-17 Afloat solar energy sea water desalination apparatus is set Expired - Fee Related CN102464104B (en)

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CN103057674B (en) * 2013-01-18 2015-04-15 上海交通大学 Solar seawater desalination and heat preservation plafond of life raft
CN103587671B (en) * 2013-11-19 2016-03-23 浙江海洋学院 Desalting plant in a kind of ship life raft
CN109866906B (en) * 2019-04-10 2020-10-16 潘卓阳 Solar seawater desalination overwater platform capable of automatically feeding water and using method thereof
CN114084301B (en) * 2022-01-14 2022-04-08 南通仁源节能环保科技有限公司 Sea surface lotus leaf ice cleaning device for offshore oil field

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