CN102060340B - Automatic solar film distillation seawater desalting device - Google Patents

Automatic solar film distillation seawater desalting device Download PDF

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Publication number
CN102060340B
CN102060340B CN2009101987039A CN200910198703A CN102060340B CN 102060340 B CN102060340 B CN 102060340B CN 2009101987039 A CN2009101987039 A CN 2009101987039A CN 200910198703 A CN200910198703 A CN 200910198703A CN 102060340 B CN102060340 B CN 102060340B
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China
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seawater
sea
solar
extinction
membrane distillation
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Expired - Fee Related
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CN2009101987039A
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CN102060340A (en
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周先桃
贾磊
孔莹煌
潘家祯
石岩
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East China University of Science and Technology
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East China University of Science and Technology
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02ATECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A20/00Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
    • Y02A20/124Water desalination

Abstract

The invention discloses an automatic solar film distillation seawater desalting device. A solar heat collector contained in the device is a vacuum solar heat collector composed of a light transmission cover, a light absorbing corrugated plate, a peripheral sealing element with certain thickness and the like; the lower surface of the light absorbing corrugated plate, a hydrophobic microporous film, the sealing element with certain thickness on the periphery, a microporous filter, an automatic exhaust valve and the like form a seawater desalting chamber; the lower surface of the hydrophobic microporous film, a corrugated radiating plate, the sealing element with certain thickness on the periphery, the automatic exhaust valve and the like form a fresh water cooling chamber; and a flexible water bag communicated with the fresh water cooling chamber is attached to the exterior of the fresh water cooling chamber. The device can stably obtain fresh water without human intervention by using the vacuum solar heat collector and a balancing block to float on the sea surface and using static pressure of seawater and sea wave impact to automatically supply clean seawater. The device can be anchored in a reef island water area, can also be drawn together with a ship, and provides fresh water for production and living for reef island and shipping personnel.

Description

A kind of self acting sea-water desalination device by solar membrane distillation
Technical field
The present invention relates to the film distilling seawater desalination technical field, it is particularly related to and a kind ofly solar energy is converted into heat energy improves the vapor partial pressure of seawater, simultaneously consists of again the impellent of direct contact membrane distillation desalting process with the vapor partial pressure that reduces fresh water with the cooled with seawater fresh water of ocean environment with heating seawater, does not need again the people for the self acting sea-water desalination device by solar membrane distillation of power and intervention is provided simultaneously.
Technical background
Along with the expansion of mankind's activity to benthos, no matter be ocean shipping or Islands Exploitation, people are in the urgent need to breaking away from the constraint that relies on land fresh water supply, and thirst for economical, directly obtain human production activity, the needed fresh water of life activity from the ocean effectively, compactly; Along with the aggravation of oceanic resources recovery activity international competition, the world contention preview of adding the territories such as ocean, reef island is stronger, causes marine sea water desaltination equipment and technology thereof to become the important support that various countries guarantee the future competition advantage.
So-called desalting process is removed salinity in the seawater (salt water) exactly to obtain the process of fresh water; Although it is hundreds of that the method for at present sea water desaltination has, can be summed up as two large classes: a class is to extract fresh water from seawater, and its Typical Representative has that steaming is studied in France, reverse osmosis method, hydrate, solvent extration and freezing method; Another kind of is the method for removing the salinity in the seawater, and its Typical Representative has electric osmose to tear method, ion exchange method and pressure open to ooze method; First kind method is main stream approach at present.Just once solved boats and ships in long-term underway water supply problem with easy water distilling apparatus as far back as the 15th century part boats and ships; Although the application of multi-effect flashing steam and reverse osmosis membrane law technology is occupied an leading position, reverse osmosis share of market especially wherein surpasses 54%; But today that energy day is becoming tight, film distillation technology utilizes low-grade heat source, holds back non-volatile substance in the solution and can directly isolate the advantage of the uniquenesses such as crystallized product and become the important channel of sea water desaltination greenization development fully with it.
Since 20th century, proposed the membrane distillation concept sixties, film distillation technology has formed direct contact membrane distillation, gas is swept the four principal foums such as formula membrane distillation, gap membrane distillation and vacuum type membrane distillation, for the energy problem that solves membrane distillation merges with heliotechnics respectively: as the Chinese invention patent that relates to membrane distillation and sun power has six, it is 20 multinomial that European patent has, but all affected the promotion and application of its technology because of himself defective.Such as disclosed CN100340492C device, not only need to arrange pump or manually continue to replenish the interior seawater of seawater guarantee collecting plate and sea container and effectively contact, and along with the increase of fresh water in the fresh water container, the degree of depth that floatation device is immersed in the seawater also can increase gradually, add directly the gap of not taking again corresponding measure but also will keep 1mm between itself and cooling plate simultaneously as the container wall with film, to implementing to bring difficulty.
Although have many desalination technologies and equipment to obtain by land good practical application on a large scale, be not suitable for the requirement of people's production on sea or the islands and reefs, the needed compact construction of living, economically feasible, the characteristic such as simple to operate because of complex structure, bulky, complex operation.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, use the direct contact membrane distillation principle a kind of self acting sea-water desalination device by solar membrane distillation is provided, solar energy is converted into heat energy utilizes again the seawater that temperature is lower in the ocean environment to cool off fresh water with the steam partial pressure of reduction hydrophobic microporous membrane dilute side with steam partial pressure, while that heating seawater improves hydrophobic microporous membrane seawater side, and then keep the impellent of direct contact membrane distillation desalting process; And utilize in the ocean environment fluctuation of seawater to come to replenish fresh clean seawater for installing, carry out with the continuous and effective of keeping the membrane distillation process; Its compact construction, the self acting sea-water desalination device by solar membrane distillation of human intervention that do not need in service will bring great convenience to production, the life of people on ocean, islands and reefs.
For this reason, the invention provides a kind of self acting sea-water desalination device by solar membrane distillation, this device comprises solar energy collector, seawater chamber, freshwater room, and wherein said solar energy collector is by diffuser, extinction waved plate and has the evacuated solar collector that certain thickness perimeter seal etc. consists of; The lower surface of described extinction waved plate and hydrophobic microporous membrane and periphery thereof have the formations such as certain thickness sealing member, millipore filter, the automatic exhaust steam valve chamber that desalinizes seawater; Described hydrophobic microporous membrane lower surface and ripple heating panel and periphery thereof have certain thickness sealing member, automatic exhaust steam valve etc. and consist of the cooling freshwater room; Described cooling freshwater room is attached with and the flexible water bag of cooling off freshwater room and being communicated with.
Described diffuser has cambered outwards outer surface profile.
That removable seal connects between described extinction waved plate, hydrophobic microporous membrane and ripple heating panel.
The ripple direction of described extinction waved plate and the ripple direction of ripple heating panel are not parallel.
The described automatic vent valve position that links to each other with the chamber of desalinizing seawater is higher than the vertex position of extinction waved plate.
The described automatic vent valve position that links to each other with the cooling freshwater room is higher than the vertex position of ripple heating panel.
Described flexible water bag has a dismountable shield cap outward.
Be attached with equilibrate counterweight on the limit wall of described and environment contact with sea water.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is:
(1) by diffuser, extinction waved plate and have the heat energy that evacuated solar collector that certain thickness perimeter seal etc. consists of can be converted into sunlight heating seawater fully, prevented again simultaneously that solar thermal energy to installing escaping of the external space, having improved the heat utilization efficiency of sunlight effectively.
(2) lower surface, hydrophobic microporous membrane and the periphery thereof by the extinction waved plate has the chamber that desalinizes seawater that certain thickness sealing member, millipore filter, automatic exhaust steam valve etc. consist of, at first, increase the solar energy light absorption plate and treated the heating-surface area that desalinizes seawater, be conducive to reduce the temperature difference of extinction waved plate wall and seawater to be diluted, improve the medial temperature of the indoor seawater that desalinizes seawater; Secondly, extinction waved plate trough and crest are positioned at the different levels position of the chamber that desalinizes seawater, the seawater to be diluted that is conducive between trough forms natural convection, heat transfer and heat transfer that this both had been conducive to strengthen between seawater to be diluted also are conducive to suppress the phenomenons such as the concentration polarization that forms in the seawater side in the membrane distillation process and temperature difference polarization; Again, the millipore filter on the periphery both can be to the fresh clean seawater of the indoor injection that desalinizes seawater under the effect of wave, also can realize the self-cleaning of millipore filtration is cleaned; At last, the automatic exhaust steam valve that the chamber of desalinizing seawater is connected can be discharged the air in the chamber that desalinizes seawater under the effect of wave, guarantees fully contacting and effectively heat exchange of extinction waved plate and seawater to be diluted.
(3) with the automatic exhaust steam valve that links to each other of cooling freshwater room with the Bas Discharged that may exist in the freshwater room, can guarantee to cool off fresh water and contact with the effective of hydrophobic microporous membrane, realization is through directly the be cooled process of fresh water condensation of the water vapour of hydrophobic microporous membrane.
(4) cool off the flexible water bag that freshwater room adheres to outward, along with the distillation fresh water of collecting increases and expands, but because the sea water density of surrounding environment is suitable with the fresh water density in the flexible water bag, can not change the immersed depth of remarkable modifier, be conducive to keep the optimum regime of membrane distillation process.
(5) diffuser adopts cambered outwards outer surface profile, is conducive on the one hand the gathering of sunlight, also is conducive to improve the strained condition of diffuser, has also avoided the deposition of environment seawater on diffuser simultaneously; The ripple direction of extinction waved plate and ripple heating panel is inconsistent, and the crest of the trough of extinction waved plate and ripple heating panel just can form a kind of clamping action and avoids hydrophobic microporous membrane that excessive displacement occurs and hydrophobic microporous membrane is caused physical abuse hydrophobic microporous membrane; Removable seal between extinction waved plate, hydrophobic microporous membrane and ripple heating panel is connected to cleaning and the replacing of hydrophobic microporous membrane and has created condition; The outer dismountable shield cap of flexible water bag can protect flexible water bag to avoid the destruction of marine organisms or other floating matter; Be attached with equilibrate counterweight on the limit wall of environment contact with sea water, on the one hand can the plateau of setting device on sea level, the water holding degree of depth that on the other hand also can setting device.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of an embodiment of self acting sea-water desalination device by solar membrane distillation provided by the invention.
Embodiment
Describe concrete structure of the present invention and principle of work thereof in detail below in conjunction with accompanying drawing:
Referring to accompanying drawing 1, accompanying drawing 1 has been described the structural representation of an embodiment of self acting sea-water desalination device by solar membrane distillation provided by the invention: apparatus of the present invention include by diffuser 1, extinction waved plate 5, have the solar energy collector with certain vacuum degree 18 that certain thickness peripheral sealing member 4 etc. consists of; Also include by lower surface and the hydrophobic microporous membrane 6 of extinction waved plate 5 and have the chamber 15 that desalinizes seawater that certain thickness peripheral sealing member 4 etc. consists of; Also be provided with millipore filter 16 and be communicated with seawater in desalinize seawater chamber and the ocean environment on having certain thickness peripheral sealing member 4, the most significant digit in the chamber that desalinizes seawater also is provided with vapor pipe 3, and the end of vapor pipe 3 links to each other with automatic exhaust steam valve 2; Also have by the lower surface of hydrophobic microporous membrane 6 and ripple heating panel 8 and peripherally have a cooling freshwater room 13 that certain thickness sealing member 7 etc. consists of; Extreme higher position at cooling freshwater room 13 also is provided with vapor pipe 14, and vapor pipe 14 ends link to each other with automatic exhaust steam valve 17; Extreme lower position at cooling freshwater room 13 also is provided with water shoot 9, and the end of water shoot 9 is communicated with by driving soon joint 10 with the import of flexible water bag 11; Outside flexible water bag, also have shield cap 12 to be fixed on the bottom with certain thickness perimeter seal 7 by removably; The enclosed space that utilizes evacuated solar collector 18 to have provides buoyancy for whole device; Regulate the equilibrium state of whole device by balancing weight, and make the seawater face of ocean environment be higher than the extreme higher position of the chamber 15 that desalinizes seawater, balancing weight described here both can be the large material of density ratio seawater, also can be the little material of density ratio seawater.
Its principle of work is: when device is placed on the sea level, sunlight passes the enclosed space that diffuser 1 enters evacuated solar collector 18, extinction waved plate 5 absorbs the radiation luminous energy of the sun and temperature raises and the outside long hertzian wave of radiation wavelength, because the effect of vacuum has hindered the extinction waved plate 5 of temperature rising to transmission of heat by convection and the conduction heat transfer of diffuser 1 and periphery thereof, the simultaneously thermal radiation owing to diffuser 1 reflection extinction waved plate 5 forms Greenhouse effect, has reduced escaping of sun power that extinction waved plate 5 absorbs; Under the effect of sea water static pressure power and sea beaten power, the seawater of ocean environment enters the chamber 15 that desalinizes seawater by the millipore filter 16 of b.s.l., and the air in the chamber 15 that desalinizes seawater enters atmospheric environment by coupled logical automatic exhaust steam valve 2; The seawater in the chamber 15 of desalinizing seawater are subject to extinction waved plate 5 heating of high temperature and the rising temperature, and the steam partial pressure that causes chamber 15 maritime interior waters that desalinize seawater increases and sees through hydrophobic microporous membrane 6; The steam that sees through hydrophobic microporous membrane 6 at first is condensed into distilled water under the effect of ripple heating panel 8; Along with increasing of distilled water, the air that freshwater room is 13 li is tied up gradually and is discharged from the automatic exhaust steam valve 17 that is connected with freshwater room 13; After fresh water was full of freshwater room 13, along with increasing gradually of fresh water, fresh water just flow through the water shoot 9 that links to each other with freshwater room 13 and enters flexible water bag 11; Because flexible water bag 11 is immersed in the seawater of ocean environment, utilize on the one hand the fresh water temperature in the seawater continuation reduction flexible water bag 11 in the ocean environment, can obviously not affect simultaneously the water holding degree of depth of device along with the increase of the fresh water water yield, also can not increase the hydraulic pressure in the freshwater room 13; Desalinize seawater seawater in the chamber 15 and ripple heating panel to the heat radiation of ocean environment along with extinction waved plate 5 absorbs solar heating, and the film distilling seawater desalination process is automatically carried out.
In the present embodiment, diffuser 1 cambered outwards outer surface profile adopts columniform outer male structure, is conducive to build up sunlight on the one hand, also is conducive on the other hand impact the seawater rapid dispersion on the diffuser 1 in order to avoid affect sun Optical Absorption; Extinction waved plate 5, hydrophobic microporous membrane 6 and 8 of ripple heating panels adopt removable seal to connect, both be convenient to the hydrophobic microporous membrane 6 that pollutes or damage is regenerated or changed, and also be convenient to the pollution face of extinction waved plate 5 and ripple heating panel 8 is carried out scale removal, cleaning operation; The ripple direction of extinction waved plate 5 and the ripple direction of ripple heating panel 8 are not parallel, can limit the upper and lower displacement of the hydrophobic microporous membrane 6 between extinction waved plate 5 and ripple heating panel 8, in the present embodiment the ripple direction of extinction waved plate 5 and the ripple perpendicular direction of ripple heating panel 8 are arranged, increase to greatest extent staggered the counting of crest of trough and the ripple heating panel 8 of extinction waved plate 5; The position of the automatic exhaust steam valve 2 that links to each other with the chamber 15 that desalinizes seawater is higher than the vertex position of extinction waved plate 5, for the air of discharging fully in the chamber 15 that desalinizes seawater has been created condition, the seawater to be diluted that are conducive to desalinize seawater in the chamber 15 contact fully with the lower surface of extinction waved plate 5, have strengthened the desalinize seawater heat transfer process of chamber 15 maritime interior waters of 5 pairs of extinction waved plates; Automatic exhaust steam valve 17 positions that link to each other with freshwater room 13 are higher than the vertex position of ripple heating panel 8, be conducive to fully contacting of fresh water and face, reduced that the chamber 15 that desalinizes seawater sees through that the water vapour that comes also needs to spread the process that just can obtain condensation and hydrophobic microporous membrane 6 is rear directly to obtain condensation seeing through.
In the present embodiment, when this device only is used for the sea water desaltination purpose, the quantity of the millipore filter 16 that communicates with the chamber 15 that desalinizes seawater is no less than two, and be arranged symmetrically with in same level, like this when the millipore filter 16 of the face of heading sea advances seawater, millipore filter 16 on the lee side not only can overflow the high density seawater of some amount, reduce the concentration of seawater in the chamber 15 that desalinizes seawater, can also carry out the adverse current back flushing to millipore filter 16, reduce the resistance that fresh seawater enters the chamber 15 that desalinizes seawater; When only being permitted behind the check device that mustn't go out at one cover of installation behind the millipore filter 16, chemical resource in the seawater will be in the chamber 15 interior enrichments that desalinize seawater, when obtaining fresh water, can also collect marine chemical resource, for the collection of marine chemical resource provides a kind of selection alternative equipment.This device can anchor near the reef island, also can drag with ship, be that production, the life activity of reef island, shipping supplied with fresh water.
Above described embodiment be that the present invention will be described, be not to limit the invention.Design, method and scope that the present invention is claimed all are documented in claims of the present invention.

Claims (8)

1. self acting sea-water desalination device by solar membrane distillation, comprise solar energy collector, seawater chamber, freshwater room, it is characterized in that: described solar energy collector is by diffuser, extinction waved plate and has the evacuated solar collector that certain thickness perimeter seal consists of; The lower surface of described extinction waved plate and hydrophobic microporous membrane and periphery thereof have certain thickness sealing member, millipore filter, automatic exhaust steam valve and consist of the chamber that desalinizes seawater; Described hydrophobic microporous membrane lower surface and ripple heating panel and periphery thereof have certain thickness sealing member, automatic exhaust steam valve consists of the cooling freshwater room; Described cooling freshwater room is attached with outward and the flexible water bag of cooling off freshwater room and being communicated with.
2. self acting sea-water desalination device by solar membrane distillation according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: diffuser has cambered outwards outer surface profile.
3. self acting sea-water desalination device by solar membrane distillation according to claim 1 is characterized in that: be that removable seal connects between extinction waved plate, hydrophobic microporous membrane and ripple heating panel.
4. self acting sea-water desalination device by solar membrane distillation according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the ripple direction of extinction waved plate and the ripple direction of ripple heating panel are not parallel.
5. self acting sea-water desalination device by solar membrane distillation according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the automatic vent valve position that links to each other with the chamber of desalinizing seawater is higher than the vertex position of extinction waved plate.
6. self acting sea-water desalination device by solar membrane distillation according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the automatic vent valve position that links to each other with the cooling freshwater room is higher than the vertex position of ripple heating panel.
7. self acting sea-water desalination device by solar membrane distillation according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: flexible water bag has a dismountable shield cap outward.
8. self acting sea-water desalination device by solar membrane distillation according to claim 1 is characterized in that: be attached with equilibrate counterweight on the limit wall of environment contact with sea water.
CN2009101987039A 2009-11-12 2009-11-12 Automatic solar film distillation seawater desalting device Expired - Fee Related CN102060340B (en)

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KR101543426B1 (en) 2013-07-25 2015-08-11 한국환경정책평가연구원 Water Treatment Apparatus using Membrane Distillation Method

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