CN102459781A - 窄衬里的模块化地板组件 - Google Patents

窄衬里的模块化地板组件 Download PDF

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CN102459781A
CN102459781A CN2010800318584A CN201080031858A CN102459781A CN 102459781 A CN102459781 A CN 102459781A CN 2010800318584 A CN2010800318584 A CN 2010800318584A CN 201080031858 A CN201080031858 A CN 201080031858A CN 102459781 A CN102459781 A CN 102459781A
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唐玉麟
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种地板系统的托架基底(100),包括:托架基底表面,其是面向上的水平表面,托架基底的底部,其具有连接至所述托架基底底部的填料;多个竖直的托架边缘,其向上伸出并且围绕所述托架基底表面的周边延伸;多个托架基底边缘,其限定出了所述托架基底的外部周边;所述托架基底边缘具有多个向上的突出部(200)和多个向下的突出部(300),其中所述向上的突出部(200)具有表面(210)和凹部(220),并且所述向下的突出部(300)具有表面(310)和唇部(320)。为了在两个互联的托架基底之间提供狭窄间隙,每个向下的突出部(300)的一部分凹入到面向上的水平表面的下面。

Description

窄衬里的模块化地板组件
优先权和交叉引用
本申请要求2009年6月11日提交的美国临时专利申请号61186283和2010年6月2日提交的美国专利申请号12791897的优先权,在此加入它们教导的全部内容。
技术领域
本发明涉及一种包括粘附至托架基底的地板部件的模块化地板组件。
背景技术
美国专利公开文件2007009469教导了通过利用托架基底和地板部件来制造浮动的砖结构。说明书的图17中示出了一种相互互锁的托架。美国专利7,197,855教导了使用一种连接有地板部件的托架基底,该地板部件也是互锁的。
用于在托架之间互锁的所述两个系统完全从托架的侧部延伸。通常,所述互锁设定了托架之间的间隙的尺寸。可以通过减小锁定机构的尺寸来使所述间隙变窄。然而,减小锁定机构的尺寸则减小了锁定的强度,并且还由于其较小的尺寸而在安装期间导致了互锁装置的破损。
因此,存在一种对可以提供互锁机构的强度和尺寸还可维持连接至互锁托架基底的砖之间的小间隙的托架基底系统的需求。
发明内容
本发明涉及一种模块化地板组件,该模块化地板组件包括例如砖的附连于托架基底的任选地板部件。所述模块化地板组件可以与另外的模块化地板组件相互连接,以形成适于大部分地板铺装的模块化地板。地板部件可以包括通常用于地板铺装的砖或木材或者其他材料。传统的填注灰浆(fill-in grout)或者卡扣灰浆(snap-in grout)可以与模块化地板组件一起使用。
该申请中公开了一种地板系统的部件,其包括托架基底,该托架基底包括具有托架基底表面周边的面向上的水平表面的托架基底表面、具有连接至托架基底底部的填料的托架基底底部、向上伸出并沿托架基底表面的周长延伸的多个托架基底竖直托架边缘、限定出托架基底的外部周边的多个托架基底边缘,所述托架基底边缘具有多个向上的突出部和多个向下的突出部,该向上的突出部包括表面和凹部,该向下的突出部包括表面和唇部,其中至少一部分向下的突出部凹入到面向上的水平托架表面下面。进一步公开了所述托架基底可以具有利用粘结剂附连至托架基底表面的地板部件。
进一步公开了,地板部件可以选自于由砖、石头、大理石、木材、陶瓷砖、瓷砖和花岗岩组成的组。还进一步公开了,地板部件可以小于托架基底表面。还进一步公开了,托架基底竖直托架边缘可以沿托架基底表面的整个周边延伸。
附图说明
图1是托架基底的透视图。
图2是地板部件的透视图。
图3是现有技术的互连的面向上的突出部的透视图。
图4是现有技术的互连的面向上和面向下的突出部的透视图。
图4A是现有技术的互连的面向上和面向下的突出部的透视图。
图5显示了三个组装好的模块化地板组件。
图6是凹入互联的透视图。
图7是凹入互联的侧视图。
图8是凹入互联的底视图。
图9是凹入互联的底视图。
图10是利用周边上的灰浆保持器而凹入互联的底视图。
图11A是对准以互锁的两个托架基底的横截面。
图11B是已经被组装并互锁的两个图11A的基底的横截面。
图12是显示出填装的托架的背部。
具体实施方式
本发明涉及一种包括粘附至托盘基底的地板部件的模块化地板组件。所述模块化地板组件可以与另外的模块化地板组件相互连接,以形成适于大部分地板铺装的模块化地板。地板部件可以包括通常用于地板铺装的瓷砖或木料或者其他材料。托架基底包括突出部,所述突出部用于使托架基底与相邻托架基底的突出部互锁。完全组装好的地板提供了传统地板的外观。填注灰浆或者卡扣灰浆可以与模块化地板组件一起使用。
因为模块化地板一般不通过粘合剂、灰浆化合物或者其他紧固装置连接至下层地板,所以模块化地板可以被迅速地拆开并且不会破坏下层地板。此外,可以在不安装混凝土背靠板的情况下将模块化地板安装在现有的下层地板上面,该混凝土背靠板通常被用于陶瓷砖的安装。
托架基底将地板部件保持在其托架表面上。托架表面是具有竖直的托架边缘的、面向上的水平表面,该托架边缘围绕托架表面的周边向上伸出并且限定出托架表面的周边的轮廓。
托架表面可以是大致平坦的,或者可以包含设计成提高托架表面和地板部件之间的粘合性能的图案。托架表面的图案可以被设计成与地板部件的底部互补;例如,砖可以取决于厂家的设计而在其底部上具有不同的成型图案。托架表面还可以是实心的,或者可以在其中具有孔。可以在合适位置中增加所述孔以在不损害粘合性能的情况下有助于水分的蒸发。
竖直的托架边缘被设计成确保地板部件与托架表面基本上精确地或者精确地对准,并且帮助提供障碍部来确保可以在粘合剂不被挤进或者流入突出部区域的情况下粘合剂可以被施加到地板部件的整个底部上。如果允许粘合剂进入到突出部区域,则其互锁连接可能被粘合剂残留物物理地削弱。竖直的托架边缘不必沿托架基底的整个周边延伸,但是优选应当沿托架基底的整个周边延伸。竖直的托架边缘的内部限定出小于托架基底的周边的区域。地板部件设置在由竖直的托架边缘所限定出的壁的内部,并且连接至由竖直的托架边缘的内壁所限定出的托架表面。
通过其竖直定向,托架边缘可定位地保持地板部件,并且与粘合剂结合来减小横向运动。托架边缘可以提供用于粘合剂粘连地板部件的侧面的另一表面。托架表面经由粘合剂联结至地板部件的底部,并且托架边缘经由粘合剂联结至地板部件的侧面。托架表面上的粘合剂和托架边缘上的粘合剂的组合为地板部件提供了可靠的保持。这确保了地板部件被锁定于托架基底,并且地板部件不会滑动或者移动。
严格地控制托架基底和地板部件的尺寸,以确保地板部件牢固地装配在托架基底中。地板部件应刚好装配在托架表面上并且紧贴地靠着竖直边缘。地板部件应当稍微小于由竖直的托架边缘所限定出的托架表面。
本发明获得了显著的优点。具有四个竖直托架边缘的托架提高了托架的结构刚度。所述四个托架边缘防止了粘合剂挤进到互锁的突出部中。在其他系统中,粘合剂可能挤进到突出部区域中,而与另一块瓷砖产生干涉。四个托架边缘帮助地板部件对准托架,这提高了装配的容易性和质量。在其他系统中,地板表面不受约束,并且因此必须固定就位直到粘合剂已经固化。
存在位于托架基底的所有侧面上的面向上的和面向下的突出部。向上和向下的定向是基于托架底部和面向上的托架表面的。向上的和向下的突出部应在托架基底的各边缘上交替,但是其不必是交替的。例如,可以存在两个向下的突出部、一个向上的突出部和两个向下的突出部。对于大部分地板铺装,每边采用6、8或者10个突出部,每种定向一半,提供了满意的性能。在其他实施例中,可以存在更少或附加的突出部。突出部未必必须是交替的。实践中,已经发现,突出部的数量处于四的倍数。
向上的突出部包括表面和凹部。表面的形状可以是凸出的或者平坦的或者是有尖头的。向下的突出部包括表面和唇部。表面的形状可以是凹入的。当向下的突出部被推靠在向上的突出部上时,向上的突出部当唇部在凸面上滑动并且进入到凹部中时弯曲,从而唇部卡扣到凹部中,并且凹面压在凸面上。这提供了具有充分刚度的连接以形成由多个模块化地板组件制成的复合地板。
为了在两个互联的托架基底之间提供狭窄的灰浆线或者间隙,面向下的突出部并不从托架基底的侧部延伸。而是,向下的突出部从托架基底侧部中的凹入区域中延伸。沿托架基底的侧部所测得的凹入区域的长度至少稍微比面向上的突出部长,从而向上的突出部可以装配到凹入区域并且在托架表面下面,并且至少一部分向下的突出部的凹部在水平托架表面下面对准。换句话说,至少一部分向下的突出部在托架表面下面凹入。在一个实施例中,向下的突出部的一部分唇部直接在竖直的托架边缘下面,而凹部在水平的托架表面之下。在另一实施例中,仅面向上的突出部凹入到托架边缘中。在又一实施例中,两个突出部都凹入到托架边缘中或者在水平表面下面。
模块化地板组件被设计成,即使给定侧部上的一个或多个突出部断裂,而托架基底将仍然保持互锁。这还允许模块化地板组件被切成特定尺寸并且仍然互锁。
互锁的突出部可以被定位成模块化地板组件偏移以支承各种装饰图案。
一个模块化组件上的互锁突出部不必完全与另一个模块化地板组件对准,以允许相对的瓷砖位置的“细微调整”。
托架的底部,即,托架表面的相反面,被设计成系统的底座。底部可以包括结构性辐条以增强托架底部,来确保托架表面保持相对平坦。
托架的底部还可以包括包覆成型的、橡胶状的材料(例如,热塑性橡胶或者热塑性弹性体)的任意的防滑和吸音填料。特别优选的热塑性弹性体为SANTOPRENE。填料为地板系统提供了缓冲。填料还提供了防止地板系统在下层地板材料上面滑动的防滑构件。填料还在下层地板表面有缺陷或者重表面负载的情况下提供了一些挠性程度。填料还有助于减小振动传递,从而提供了声音减弱的功能。该填料可以被粘附至托架或者被包覆成型。
如上所述,各种类型的灰浆可用于本发明,包括散布到相邻托架之间的间隙中的卡扣灰浆或者填注灰浆混合物。
填注灰浆也可以与托架使用。填注灰浆可以按粉末或者颗粒形式包装。使用者使粉末或者颗粒与液体混合以形成塑性材料,该塑性材料在模块化地板组件之间扩散。其他的填注灰浆混合物按准备好扩散的形式包装。模块化地板组件被卡扣到一起,并且使用填注灰浆材料来填充模块化地板组件之间的空间。填注灰浆材料一旦固化必须保持半挠性的。因为地板会“浮动”。单独的灰浆材料还必须具有良好的粘合性质,以确保材料粘附至模块化地板组件的侧部。丙烯酸的、氨基甲酸乙酯、环氧的和乳液改进的灰浆是合适的。
地板部件可以包括砖、石头、大理石、木材或者其他传统的地板材料。地板部件可以是陶砖或瓷砖、类似大理石或者花岗岩的天然石料产品或者可以是木制品。
使用各种市场上可买到的粘合剂将地板部件粘附至托架表面和托架边缘。供本发明使用的合适的粘合剂包括利用异丁烯酸材料由两部分组成的环氧树脂、硅树脂、橡胶基和氨基甲酸乙酯基。还可以使用其他的氨基甲酸酯粘合剂。粘合剂的具体选择取决于地板部件的性质和性能。对于陶瓷砖,异丁烯酸粘合剂是优选的。托架边缘限定了接收地板部件的空间。
本发明通过使用未与托架永久地结合的卡扣灰浆而获得了优点。消费者可以从多个不同的卡扣灰浆颜色中选择。可以轻易地替换破坏的卡扣灰浆。还可以更换卡合灰浆以反映不同的装饰品味。最后,使用卡扣灰浆或者填注灰浆来提供挠性。
可以使用合适的塑料树脂的注射成型来制造托架。高抗冲聚苯乙烯是优选的,但是可以使用包括聚丙烯和ABS-acrylobutadiene styrene的其他塑料树脂。
防滑和吸音材料的填料可以是热塑性橡胶、热塑性弹性体或者包括SANTOPRENE
Figure BPA00001497776300061
的其他软塑性材料。填料可以被包覆成型或者否则被连接至托架的底座。粘合剂被施加到托架表面和地板表面的底部之间。
可以依据用于托架的塑料树脂、地板材料和地板材料的轮廓的综合来使用多种粘合剂材料和铺装的图案。对于瓷砖铺装,粘合剂被施加到瓷砖底部上的棱线处以使与托架表面的接触最大。可以使用机器人来提高组装过程的精度和效率。还可以使用机器人来包装和堆垛制成品。
本发明的模块化地板组件几乎可用于任何尺寸的实施例,包括152.4毫米(6英寸)、165.1毫米
Figure BPA00001497776300062
304.8毫米(12英寸)和330.2毫米(13英寸)的实施例。模块化地板组件具有正方形或者矩形的形状。正方形形状的模块化地板组件具有四个相等的边长。可以使用其他尺寸,然而,所述尺寸通常用于地板工业。此外,可以组合使用152.4毫米(6英寸)和304.8毫米(12英寸)的模块化地板组件的组合以提供独特的外观。可以进一步改进本发明,以包括其他不同尺寸的模块化地板组件的组合。
在本发明的运用期间,将模块化地板组件卡扣到一起以形成总的地板表面。可以在模块化地板组件之间应用填注灰浆材料,或者可以设置卡扣灰浆。为了适应改变大小与形状的不同房间,如果瓷砖或者石头是地板部件,则可以使用湿锯,或者对于木地板部件使用台锯或圆锯来切割模块化地板组件。
下层地板表面应当无较大的表面变化,但是不必处于理想状态。不需要专门的地板制备来确保固定瓷砖,因为互锁的模块化地板组件将“浮动”和弯曲。系统可以直接安装在加工好的木材、油毡、其他瓷砖、混凝土、胶合板或者各种其他地板系统的顶上。如果要求绝缘或者缓冲的附加措施,则可以将模块化地板组件安装在填料或者其他衬垫材料的顶上。同样,还可以将模块化地板组件安装到辐射类型的加热系统的顶上。
现在参照附图来描述本发明,其中类似的附图标记涉及其他附图中的类似部件。每当提到部件时,使用的其附图标记如果在给定的附图中不存在,则可以在其他附图中找到:
图1显示了具有带竖直的托架边缘160的托架表面110的托架基底100。托架表面110接收图2中所示的地板部件600,在该实施例中,其为陶瓷砖。
图2显示了地板部件600。地板部件600的顶面605形成了地板表面。地板部件600的底表面610通过粘合剂粘附至托架表面110。虽然在该实施例中,地板部件600是陶瓷砖,但是地板部件可以由任何地板材料制造。
托架表面110的隆起的竖直托架边缘160协助固定地板部件600并且防止粘合剂从托架表面110泄漏。隆起的竖直托架边缘160优选比地板部件600的高度短。优选地,隆起的竖直边缘160完全围绕地板部件600并且沿托架基底的周边延伸。
图3-5显示了现有技术的互联的元件。托架100的周边设有多个向上的突出部200和多个向下的突出部300。向上的突出部200与相邻模块化地板组件的向下的突出部300相互作用,并且向下的突出部300与相邻模块化地板组件的向上的突出部(200)相互作用。这在图5的相邻的模块化地板组件10A、10B和10C之间提供了互连。
在现有技术的该实施例中,托架基底100在托架100的每一边上设有总共六个向上的突出部200和向下的突出部300。托架100被设计成形成304.8毫米(12英寸)的地板组件,并且可以在更大的模块化地板组件和更小的模块化地板组件中使用更多或更少的突出部。
如图3所示,向上的突出部200包括凸面210和凹部220。如图4所示,向下的突出部300包括凹面310和唇部320。当向下的突出部300被推靠在向上的突出部200上时,向下的突出部300当唇部320在凸面210上滑动并且进入到凹部220中时弯曲,从而唇部320卡扣到凹部220中并且凹面310压在凸面210上。这提供了具有充分刚度的连接以形成由多个模块化地板组件制造的复合地板。存在灰浆保持器270并且位于托架基底的所有边上、向下倾斜并沿向下的方向远离托架边缘。在灰浆保持器280与灰浆保持器275的底部之间存在空间。图4A类似于图4,除了210和310的凹状和凸状特性更明显。
虽然图3显示了灰浆保持器,但是灰浆保持器是任选的,并且存在没有任何灰浆保持器或者可能仅有一个灰浆保持器的实施例。
此外,向下的突出部300和向上的突出部200之间的互锁连接可以被分开,从而可以拆开组合的地板。这允许使用者随心所欲地更换地板。通常,模块化地板组件的应用不会损害下层地板。
图5显示了现有技术的三个互锁的托架组件。10A、10B和10C是互锁的托架组件。600A、600B和600C是各自的地板部件,以及100A、100B和100C是各自的托架基底。
图6-9显示了允许在互锁的瓷砖之间有狭窄间隙的互锁装置的实施例。使用与现有技术相同的编号,托架基底100设有向上的突出部200和向下的突出部300。
如图6所示,其是从托架基底的底部观察的视图,向上的突出部200包括凸面210和凹部220。向下的突出部300包括凹面310和唇部320。当向下的突出部300被推靠在向上的突出部200上时,向下的突出部300当唇部320在凸面210上滑动并且进入到凹部220中时弯曲,从而唇部320卡扣到凹部220中,并且凹面310压在凸面210上。
通过至少一部分沟道310凹入到托架基底330的壁中和在托架表面下面而获得薄灰浆线。取决于所需的灰浆线的宽度,310在至少一部分唇部320处可以直接位于竖直的托架边缘160下面。多个向下的突出部中的至少一些向下的突出部中的至少一部分在托架表面下面。
如在现有技术中,还可能有灰浆元件从托架基底的边缘伸出。这在图10中显示为灰浆保持器270和它们之间的间隙280。
图11A和11B显示了两个组装好的托架和狭窄的薄灰浆线。图11A显示了两个各具有水平表面110的拆开的托架基底100。如可以在左边的托架基底中看到的,面向下的突出部的凹部310凹入到托架基底的水平表面下面。图11B显示了两个互锁的托架基底。如可以看到的,面向上的突出部200与面向下的突出部互锁,并且面向上的唇部210与面向下的突出部的凹部310配合。因为面向下的突出部部分地位于水平的托架表面下面,所以互锁产生了比现有技术更窄的灰浆线。
图12中显示了可选的填料(padding)500。填料500可以被包覆成型到托架底部上。
如从前述说明中显然的,本发明的某些方面不受本文中所图解的实例的特殊细节的限制,并且因此能预期到本领域技术人员想到的其他改进和应用或其等效物。因此,旨在使权利要求覆盖不脱离本发明的精神和范围的所有的改进和应用。

Claims (9)

1.一种地板系统的部件,包括:
地板部件,
粘合剂,
托架基底,包括:
托架基底表面,其是具有托架基底表面周边的面向上的水平表面,
托架基底底部,其具有连接至所述托架基底底部的填料,
多个托架基底竖直托架边缘,其向上伸出并且沿所述托架基底表面周边延伸,
多个托架基底边缘,其限定出了所述托架基底的外部周边,
所述托架基底边缘具有多个包括表面及凹部的向上的突出部和多个包括表面及唇部的向下的突出部,其中一部分向下的突出部凹入到所述面向上的水平托架表面的下面,
并且,所述地板部件利用所述粘合剂附连到所述托架基底表面上。
2.如权利要求1所述的地板系统的部件,其中所述地板部件从一组中选择,该组包括砖、石头、大理石、木材、陶瓷砖、瓷砖和花岗岩。
3.如权利要求1所述的部件,其中所述托架基底竖直托架边缘沿所述托架基底表面的整个周边延伸。
4.如权利要求3所述的部件,其中所述地板部件从一组中选择,该组包括砖、石头、大理石、木材、陶瓷砖、瓷砖和花岗岩。
5.如权利要求1到4中任一项所述的部件,其中所述地板部件小于所述托架基底表面。
6.如权利要求1到5所述的部件,其中所述托架基底竖直托架边缘沿所述托架基底表面的整个周边延伸。
7.一种地板系统的部件,包括:
托架基底,具有:
托架基底表面,其是面向上的水平表面,
托架基底底部,其具有连接至所述托架基底底部的填料,
多个竖直托架边缘,其向上伸出并且沿所述托架基底表面的周边延伸,
多个托架基底边缘,其限定出了所述托架基底的外部周边,
所述托架基底边缘具有多个向上的突出部和多个向下的突出部,具有所述向上的突出部和向下的突出部,
其中所述向上的突出部具有表面和凹部,并且所述向下的突出部具有表面和唇部,并且其中一部分向下的突出部凹入到所述面向上的水平表面下面。
8.如权利要求7所述的部件,其中所述竖直托架边缘沿所述托架基底表面的整个周边延伸。
9.如权利要求7到8中任一项所述的部件,其中所述地板部件小于所述托架基底表面。
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