CN101438013A - 瓷砖组装系统 - Google Patents
瓷砖组装系统 Download PDFInfo
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- CN101438013A CN101438013A CNA2007800135717A CN200780013571A CN101438013A CN 101438013 A CN101438013 A CN 101438013A CN A2007800135717 A CNA2007800135717 A CN A2007800135717A CN 200780013571 A CN200780013571 A CN 200780013571A CN 101438013 A CN101438013 A CN 101438013A
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Abstract
本发明提供一种瓷砖面板单元,其具有瓷砖盖和底板,该瓷砖盖主要由至少一层混合有树脂和催化剂的碎石以及至少一层混合有树脂的玻璃纤维绞线组成,该底板至少部分地嵌入到至少一层瓷砖盖材料中。底板提供用于支撑瓷砖盖的结构,该结构具有支撑形状阵列,并且其它加固部件放置在外围支撑结构内。底板还提供用于将瓷砖面板单元固定至下层支撑结构的安装部件,以及用于在墙壁和地板覆盖瓷砖组装系统中排列并固定相邻的瓷砖面板单元的互锁部件。
Description
交叉引用的申请
本申请涉及并且要求于2006年2月16日提交的题为“TILEASSEMBLY SYSTEM”的同时待审的美国临时专利申请第60/774,992号的申请日权益,为了所有目的,将其全部内容以引用方式并入此处。
发明背景
发明领域
本发明涉及模块化的建筑制品(modular building product),且更具体地说,涉及用作地板和/或墙壁覆盖物(wall covering)的模块化瓷砖组件(modular tile assembly)。
相关技术的描述
石料和陶瓷瓷砖已长期在建造建筑物的过程中用作地板和墙壁覆盖物,以及用于平台建筑(deck construction)。这种瓷砖需要坚固的支撑结构来支撑瓷砖的重量,并提供大体上平坦的表面,以支撑瓷砖和最小化裂化或其它损害,特别是用于地板覆盖物和平台建筑时。通常,地板和墙壁瓷砖是利用灰浆或其它粘结剂来单个地安装的,一旦放置灰浆或粘结剂后,就用薄灰浆填满瓷砖之间的间隙。铺设瓷砖的传统过程费时费力,需要大量时间来放置和固化灰浆以及安装薄灰浆。取决于瓷砖材料,已完成的地板可能还需要用防潮涂层来修整,以密封薄灰浆和保护瓷砖表面。因此,需要一种瓷砖组装系统(tile assembly system),其能够容易地安装在最小化的支撑结构上,直接地安装在楼板搁栅上,或安装在墙壁上。
发明概述
本发明提供一种瓷砖面板单元(tile panel unit),其具有瓷砖部分和安装部件,所述安装部件用于将所述瓷砖面板单元固定至下层支撑结构,以及用于在瓷砖组装系统中排列和连接相邻的瓷砖面板单元。
附图说明
为了更为完整地理解本发明及其优点,现结合附图,参见随后的详细描述,其中:
图1是体现本发明特征的瓷砖单元的截面图;
图2是显示其层状结构的表面材料瓷砖盖(surface material tile cap)截面的图形表示;
图3A是体现示范性实施方式特征的底板的顶部平面图;
图3B是底板的支撑结构的详细平面图;
图3C是支撑结构的支撑构件的截面图;
图3D是支撑结构的另一个支撑构件的截面图;
图3E是部分地嵌入至表面材料瓷砖盖中的支撑结构的支撑构件的截面图;
图4A-4C是底板的外围支撑法兰(support flange)的截面图;
图5A是体现本发明特征的瓷砖单元的平面图;
图5B是底板的安装法兰的详细视图;
图5C是底板的安装法兰的截面图;
图6是图示在瓷砖单元系统中安装瓷砖单元的平面图;
图7是图示本发明互锁部件的局部剖开的瓷砖单元的平面图;
图8A-8B是局部剖开的两个瓷砖单元的平面图,图示了互锁部件;
图9A-9B是互锁部件的截面图;
图10A-10B是互锁部件的截面图;
图11是体现示范性实施方式特征的底板的底部平面图;
图12是底板的粘结剂容器(adhesive receptacle)的截面图;
图13是体现示范性实施方式特征的瓷砖面板单元的下侧的透视图;
图14是表示瓷砖的特定布置的瓷砖组装系统的平面图;
图15是表示瓷砖的另一种布置的瓷砖组装系统的平面图;
图16是表示瓷砖的又一种布置的瓷砖组装系统的平面图;
图17是表示瓷砖的另一种布置的瓷砖组装系统的平面图;以及
图18是表示瓷砖的另一种布置的瓷砖组装系统的平面图。
详细描述
为了所有目的,以引用方式将于2006年2月16日提交的题为“TILEASSEMBLY SYSTEM”的美国临时专利申请第60/774,992号的全部内容并入此处。将在附后的讨论中,阐述许多具体的细节,以全面地理解本发明。然而,本领域技术人员应当认识到,没有这些具体细节,也可以实施本发明。在其它情况下,将以示意图或方块图的方式说明已知的部件,以便不会因不必要的细节而使本发明不清楚。此外,在很大程度上,省略了关于已知材料、模制过程以及类似情况的细节,这是因为,对于完全理解本发明来说,这些细节是不必要的,并且是在相关领域的普通技术人员的个人理解范围内的。
现转向图1,参考数字100通常指根据本发明一个实施方式的瓷砖面板单元。瓷砖面板单元100通常包括底板102,其部分地嵌入至表面材料瓷砖盖104中。底板102可为诸如高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)或聚丙烯(PP)的注模热固性塑料材料,并用玻璃纤维加固,并且形成期望的形状。底板102可放置在冷却夹具(cooling fixture)上,以保持临界尺寸,因为由模具产生热塑料要冷却,并且易于收缩和扭曲(wrap)。冷却夹具固定或保持具有临界尺寸的这些部件,直到塑料足够冷而不会收缩或扭曲。表面材料瓷砖盖104可为模制成期望形状的复合材料,主要是碎石、树脂和玻璃纤维的混合物。
为了形成瓷砖面板单元100实施方式的表面材料瓷砖盖104,可将碎石与诸如聚酯、丙烯酸或环氧树脂或其它这样的树脂以及诸如MEKP或另一种过氧化氢基催化剂(peroxide based catalyst)的催化剂相混合,直到获得大体上均匀的碎石-树脂混合物。参见图2,然后将摇溶成层(phixotropiclayering)的碎石-树脂混合物涂至具有类似于石质或其它期望质地的纹理表面(textured surface)的模具106。还可优选使用在碎石-树脂混合物中使用过的同样的树脂和催化剂来制备玻璃纤维短切原丝毡(fiberglasschopped strand mat)和树脂的混合物,从而形成玻璃纤维-树脂混合物。碎石-树脂混合物和玻璃纤维-树脂混合物可涂覆成相对较薄的层,优选至少两层,例如第一个碎石-树脂层110和第一个玻璃纤维-树脂层112,且在完成前一层固化以前涂覆每一个相继的层。优选地,碎石-树脂混合物和玻璃纤维-树脂混合物的一个或多个相继的层,例如第二个碎石-树脂层114和第二个玻璃纤维-树脂层116,被涂至先前的层110和112的上方,且在完成先前层112的固化之前首先涂覆这一层114,并且每一个随后的层都在完成前一层的固化之前被涂覆。涂覆的最后一层118优选碎石-树脂混合物和短切玻璃纤维绞线(chopped fiberglass strand)的混合物。
为了完成瓷砖面板单元100的制作,且在模具内的碎石-树脂混合物和玻璃纤维-树脂混合物的各层完成固化之前,将底板,例如底板102,压紧至模具内,以使底板102嵌入到表面材料瓷砖盖104中。还可使用定位夹具来帮助将底板102精确无误地放置到表面材料瓷砖盖104中。一旦从模具中移开,可用一贴或多贴防水涂层来涂覆瓷砖单元100的表面材料瓷砖盖104,以防止表面材料瓷砖盖104因液体溅到表面上而变脏。
底板
现转向图3,底板102的一个实施方式包括具有许多特别有用的特征的注模的、玻璃纤维加固的塑料阵列,如下文下将要描述的。图3所示的示范性的底板102通常是正方形的,但还可以根据完成的瓷砖单元的期望形状来使用其它形状,例如矩形及类似形状,或自由体形状。底板102的特定尺寸也可根据完成的瓷砖单元的期望应用而变化。例如,一些实施方式可能具有相对较厚的底板,以向瓷砖单元提供更大的结构强度,而其它的实施方式可具有相对较薄的底板,以生成用作在原有结构支撑地板或平台上的覆盖层的瓷砖单元。如图3A的顶视图所示,示范性的底板102包括在其转角接合处相互连接的垂直外围壁(peripheral wall)130。在外围壁130内形成有结构加固形状(structural reinforcing shape)的阵列,如图3A所示的六边形阵列,但还可按需要使用其它的形状。
现参照图3B-3D,结构加固形状可包括许多垂直壁部分(vertical wallsegment)132,这些垂直壁部分132在形成于垂直壁部分的接合处的垂直柱部分(vertical column segment)134处相互连接。图3B图示说明了一组与垂直柱部分134相交的垂直壁部分132的详细视图。在图3A-3B所示的六边形中,三条垂直壁部分132与一条垂直柱部分134相交,其中相邻交叉线之间相互间隔120度。图3C是沿图3B线3C-3C截取的垂直壁部分132的截面图,并图示说明了具有朝向其底端的轻微斜度(draft)或锥度的大致矩形的截面。图3D是沿图3B线3D-3D截取的垂直柱部分134的截面图,并图示说明了具有位于垂直柱部分134顶端处的增大的圆形凸起136的大致圆柱形的部分135。优选地,形成有穿过垂直柱部分134的垂直钻孔137。大致圆柱形的部分135优选具有朝向其底端的轻微斜度或锥度,给予垂直钻孔137轻微锥度,使得垂直钻孔137在其底端处稍大一些。每个垂直柱部分134形成具有圆形凸起136形式的连接底座(attachmentfoot)的圆柱形凸起,并且在整个六边形加固形状的阵列中,每个垂直柱部分134由至少三个垂直壁部分132支撑。优选地,加固形状阵列的所有部件都连同外围壁130和将在下文描述的其它部件一起模制为一个单元。
返回参见图3A,许多半圆形的连接底座135从底板102的外围壁130的顶部向内延伸。当将底板102压入模具内,以使底板102嵌入到表面材料瓷砖盖104内时,优选将底板102至少嵌入至涂在模具上的表面材料瓷砖盖104的最后层118内,并且深度足以包围和封装由圆形凸起136形成的连接底座和从外围壁130向内延伸的连接底座135,并部分地填充垂直柱部分134中的垂直钻孔137,如图3E所示,由此一旦表面材料瓷砖盖104的各层固化后,就将底板102固定至表面材料瓷砖盖104。表面材料瓷砖盖104优选延伸超出底板102的外围壁130,并且搁在整体地模制到底板102内的支撑法兰138上。由此,表面材料瓷砖盖104被外围壁130和支撑法兰138有力地支撑,加固形状阵列包括垂直壁部分132和圆形凸起134。
支撑法兰
再次参见图3A,可在示范性的注模底板102中在超出外围壁130范围的某些位置处形成支撑法兰138。例如,第一支撑法兰138A从外围壁130A向外且沿着外围壁130A的长度延伸,并且可围绕在外围壁130A和外围壁130D的相交处形成的转角延伸而成为支撑法兰部分138K。同样地,第二支撑法兰138B从外围壁130B向外且沿着外围壁130B的长度延伸,并且可围绕在外围壁130B和外围壁130C的相交处形成的转角延伸而成为支撑法兰部分138L。另外的支撑法兰部分138C、138D和138E从沿外围壁130C的某个位置向外并在该位置处延伸。另一支撑法兰部分从在外围壁130C和外围壁130D的相交处形成的转角向外并且围绕该转角延伸。其它的支撑法兰138G、138H和138K从沿着外围壁130D的某个位置向外并在该位置处延伸。
现参见图4A,沿图3线4A-4A截取的截面图说明了从外围壁130A向外延伸的支撑法兰138A的构造。外围壁130A可具有H1的标称高度和W1的标称宽度。支撑法兰138A可具有顶部表面139A,该顶部表面139A位于外围壁130A底部之上H2的距离处,并且位于外围壁130A的顶部之下H3的距离处。支撑法兰138A连同外围壁130A一起可具有宽度W2,使得支撑法兰138A的顶部表面139A具有的宽度W3大体上等于W2和W1之间的差值,或W3=W2-W1。由此,支撑法兰138A能容纳延伸距离W3超出外围壁130的范围并且向下延伸距离H3以搁在支撑法兰138A的表面139A上的表面材料瓷砖盖104。除了敞口槽(open channel)140A之外,支撑法兰138A的顶部表面139A下方的体积143A基本被填满,该敞口槽朝向支撑法兰138A的底部敞开,用于任选地接收构造粘结剂(construction adhesive),如下文将描述的。
再次参见图3A,支撑法兰138B—138L与支撑法兰138A在高度和宽度上是类似的,但是支撑法兰的长度可改变,以容纳底板102的其它部件,而无需折衷表面材料瓷砖盖104的支撑。例如,沿着外围壁130C的一部分长度形成的支撑法兰138C,且如图4B的截面图所示,在高度尺寸和宽度尺寸上与支撑法兰138A类似,在比外围壁130C的顶部低H3距离处提供具有宽度W3的顶部表面139C。由此,支撑法兰138C容纳延伸距离W3超出外围壁130的范围并且向下延伸距离H3以搁在支撑法兰138C的顶部表面139C上的表面材料瓷砖盖104。再次参见图3A,支撑法兰138E、138G和138J在高度尺寸和宽度尺寸上与支撑法兰138C类似,在比相应的外围壁130的顶部低H3距离处提供具有宽度W3的顶部表面139。由此,支撑法兰138E、138G和138J容纳延伸距离W3超出外围壁130的范围并且向下延伸距离H3以搁在支撑法兰138E、138G和138J的顶部表面139上的表面材料瓷砖盖104。
再次参见图3A,支撑法兰138D、138F、138H、138K和138L向表面材料瓷砖盖104提供额外的支撑。例如,沿着外围壁130C的一部分长度形成的支撑法兰138D,且如图4C的截面图所示,提供顶部表面139D,该顶部表面139D具有在比外围壁130C的顶部低H3距离处的宽度W3。支撑法兰138D在法兰连接外围壁130C的近端141D处具有标称厚度T1,而在远端142D处逐渐缩小至最小厚度T2。由此,支撑法兰138D容纳延伸距离W3超出外围壁130的范围并且向下延伸距离H3以搁在支撑法兰138D的顶部表面139D上的表面材料瓷砖盖104。支撑法兰138D下方的体积143D是敞开的,以容纳底板102的其它部件,如下文将描述的。再次参见图3A,支撑法兰138F、138H、138K和138L在高度尺寸和宽度尺寸上与支撑法兰138D类似,提供顶部表面139,该顶部表面139具有在比相应外围壁130的顶部低H3距离处的宽度W3。由此,支撑法兰138F、138H、138K和138L容纳延伸距离W3超出外围壁130的范围并且向下延伸距离H3以搁在支撑法兰138F、138H、138K和138L的顶部表面139上的表面材料瓷砖盖104。
结合表面材料瓷砖盖104,前面已经描述了底板102的特征,从而向瓷砖单元100的表面材料瓷砖盖104提供结构支撑。在下文中,所描述的底板102的附加特征涉及在墙壁和地板系统中安装一个或多个瓷砖单元100。应当认识到,瓷砖单元100可被安装为地板覆盖物或墙壁覆盖物。还应当认识到,通常要安装两个或更多个瓷砖单元来覆盖给定区域的地板空间或墙壁空间。因此,提供底板102的附加特征来有助于两个或更多个瓷砖单元100的安装和布置。
安装法兰
再次参见图3A,可在示范性的注模底板102中在超出外围壁130范围的某位置处形成安装法兰150。例如,第一组安装法兰150A、150B和150C从支撑法兰138A向外并沿支撑法兰138A的相应长度部分延伸,而支撑法兰138A从外围壁130A向外延伸。第二组安装法兰150D、150E和150F从支撑法兰138B向外并沿支撑法兰138B的相应长度部分延伸,而支撑法兰138B从外围壁130B向外延伸。
现参见图5A,所示为包括有表面材料瓷砖盖104和底板102的瓷砖单元100的顶视图,其中绝大多数的底板102在瓷砖盖104的下方,且无法显示出。安装法兰150沿着瓷砖盖104的A侧和瓷砖盖104的B侧延伸超出瓷砖盖104的边缘。每个安装法兰都设置有通孔152,用于穿过诸如螺钉、钉子或其它紧固件的机械紧固件。现参见图5B和图5C,示范性的安装法兰150B从支撑法兰138A的一部分长度向外延伸,并且超出表面材料瓷砖盖104的范围。安装法兰150的边缘151和153可对角地形成一定角度,以有助于相邻瓷砖单元100的布置,如下面所述。安装法兰150B还可设置有沉头螺钉孔,用于容纳平头螺钉或其它用于将瓷砖单元100固定于下层地板或墙壁结构的类似紧固件。返回参见图5A,瓷砖单元100可被固定于下层地板结构或支撑墙壁结构,例如使用接收于沿瓷砖单元100的相邻两侧设置的安装法兰150的通孔152内的诸如平头螺钉或其它类似紧固件的六个紧固件。
互锁部件
现参见图6,示范性的瓷砖组装系统200可包括第一个瓷砖单元100A、第二个瓷砖单元100B、第三个瓷砖单元100C、第四个瓷砖单元100D和按要求的附加瓷砖单元。第一个瓷砖单元100A应定位成使得瓷砖单元100A的C侧和D侧之间的转角被放置在待铺设瓷砖区域的外角处。于是,可在如上所述的安装法兰150处将第一个瓷砖单元100A固定于支撑结构,例如地板或墙壁支撑结构。第二个瓷砖单元100B可被放置成邻近第一个瓷砖单元100A,并且设置成使得第二个瓷砖单元100B的C侧与第一个瓷砖单元100A的A侧相邻。第三个瓷砖单元100C可被放置成邻近第一个瓷砖单元100A,并且设置成使得第三个瓷砖单元100C的D侧与第一个瓷砖单元100A的B侧相邻。第二个瓷砖单元100B和第三个瓷砖单元100C可在其各自的如上所述的安装法兰150处固定于支撑结构。如图6所示的第四个瓷砖单元100D可被放置成邻近第二个瓷砖单元100B和第三个瓷砖单元100C,并且设置成使得第四个瓷砖单元100D的D侧与第二个瓷砖单元100B的B侧相邻,且使得第四个瓷砖单元100D的C侧与第三个瓷砖单元100C的A侧相邻。安装法兰150的形成对角的边缘151、153与如下所述的沿瓷砖单元100的C侧和D侧的互锁部件相互配合,从而易于将第四个瓷砖单元100D放置在第二个和第三个瓷砖单元100B-100C之间形成的转角处。一旦第四个瓷砖单元100D处于邻近第二个和第三个瓷砖单元100B-100C的适当位置,就可在第四个瓷砖单元100D的相应的安装法兰150处将第四个瓷砖单元100D固定于支撑结构。附加瓷砖单元随后可以按类似方式安装,将每个附加瓷砖单元放置成邻近先前安装的瓷砖单元,使附加瓷砖单元的C侧与先前安装的瓷砖单元的A侧对齐,或者使附加瓷砖单元的D侧与先前安装的瓷砖单元的B侧对齐,并且在安装又一个附加瓷砖单元之前,将附加瓷砖单元固定至支撑结构。
现参见图7,所示的具有表面材料瓷砖盖104的瓷砖单元100被部分地剖开,以显示底板102的互锁部件154。与安装法兰150A相邻的是互锁调整片(interlocking tab)154A。与安装法兰150B相邻的是互锁调整片154B。与安装法兰150C相邻的是互锁调整片154C。沿着瓷砖单元100的A侧放置,互锁调整片154A-154C延伸出表面材料瓷砖盖104的范围,以便安装在相邻瓷砖单元100的表面材料瓷砖盖104下方,并且沿着相邻瓷砖单元的C侧与相应的互锁部件互锁。分别与安装法兰150D-150F相邻的是互锁调整片154D-154F。沿着瓷砖单元100的B侧放置,互锁调整片154D-154F延伸出表面材料瓷砖盖104的范围,以便安装在相邻瓷砖单元100的表面材料瓷砖盖104下方,并且沿着相邻瓷砖单元的D侧与相应的互锁部件互锁。沿着瓷砖单元的C侧放置,互锁调整片154G、154H、154J、154K和互锁支撑法兰138D从外围壁130C向外延伸,但不比表面材料瓷砖盖104的范围更远。沿着瓷砖单元的D侧放置,互锁调整片154L、154M、154N、154P和互锁支撑法兰138H从外围壁130D向外延伸,但不比表面材料瓷砖盖104的范围更远。某些互锁部件154,例如,互锁调整片154G、154J、154M、154P和互锁支撑法兰138D、138F、138H,具有至少一个形成对角的边缘155来与相邻瓷砖单元100上的安装法兰150的形成对角的边缘151、153相配合。第一个瓷砖单元100的互锁调整片154和安装法兰150与第二个以及随后的瓷砖单元100的互锁调整片154和安装法兰相配合,以有助于相邻瓷砖单元的正确布置,并且有助于将随后的瓷砖单元固定至下层支撑结构。
现转向图8,为了图示说明用于在地板或墙壁瓷砖组装系统中放置相邻瓷砖单元100的互锁部件,将第一个瓷砖单元100显示为与第二个瓷砖单元100’相邻。利用如上所述的穿过安装法兰150的安装孔的紧固件,可将第一个瓷砖单元100安装和固定到下层支撑结构,例如下层地板、楼板搁栅或未完成的墙壁。参照图6,如上所述,第二个瓷砖单元100’可被放置成与第一个瓷砖单元100相邻。为了有利于布置相邻的瓷砖单元100,沿着相邻瓷砖单元的相邻侧布置的互锁部件安装在彼此的上方或下方,如下文所示和描述。例如,沿着第一个瓷砖单元100的A侧的一部分布置的安装法兰150A可安装在沿着第二个瓷砖单元100’的C侧的一部分布置的支撑法兰138F’的一部的下方。沿着第一个瓷砖单元100的A侧的一部分布置的互锁调整片154A可安装在沿着第二个瓷砖单元100’的C侧的一部分布置的互锁调整片154K’的上方。沿着第一个瓷砖单元100的A侧布置的安装法兰150B可安装在沿着第二个瓷砖单元100’的C侧布置的互锁调整片154J’的一部分的下方。沿着第一个瓷砖单元100的A侧的一部分布置的互锁调整片154B可安装在沿着第二个瓷砖单元100’的C侧布置的互锁调整片154K’的上方。沿着第一个瓷砖单元100的A侧布置的安装法兰150C可安装在沿着第二个瓷砖单元100’的C侧布置的支撑法兰138L’的一部分的下方。沿着第一个瓷砖单元100的A侧的一部分布置的互锁调整片154C可安装在沿着第二个瓷砖单元100’的C侧布置的互锁调整片154H’的上方。沿着第一个瓷砖单元100的A侧布置的互锁部件和沿着第二个瓷砖单元100’的C侧布置的互锁部件彼此上下安装,以将第二个瓷砖单元100’的C侧固定至第一个瓷砖单元100的A侧。因为第一个瓷砖单元100可在沿着第一个瓷砖单元100的A侧布置的安装法兰150A-150C处固定至下层支撑结构,所以第二个瓷砖单元的C侧可通过分别连接沿着相邻瓷砖单元100和100’的相邻的A侧和C侧布置的互锁部件来有效地固定至下层支撑结构。于是,利用如上所述的穿过安装法兰150A’-150C’的紧固件,第二个瓷砖单元100’可沿着其A侧相对于第一个瓷砖单元100固定。沿着瓷砖单元100的B侧和D侧的类似互锁部件彼此上下安装,以将一个瓷砖单元100的D侧固定至相邻瓷砖单元的B侧,其中相邻瓷砖单元的B侧可在沿着B侧布置的安装法兰150D-150F处固定至下层支撑结构,而D侧可通过连接沿着相邻瓷砖单元100的相邻的B侧和D侧布置的互锁部件来有效地固定至下层支撑结构。
现转向图9A-9B,沿图8线9-9截取的截面图图示了与第二个瓷砖单元100’的互锁支撑法兰138D’和互锁调整片154H’相邻的第一个瓷砖单元100的安装法兰150B和互锁调整片154B。截面图是通过安装法兰150B中的安装孔150B的中心截取的,并图示了具有上表面156的安装法兰150B,该上表面156随着安装法兰150B从底板102向外延伸而向下倾斜。在第二个瓷砖单元100’的底板102’上的互锁支撑法兰138D’具有下表面158,该下表面158随着互锁调整片154J’从底板102’向外延伸而向上倾斜。互锁支撑法兰138D’下方的体积143D’是敞口的,以便当相邻于瓷砖单元100布置瓷砖单元100’时容纳位于互锁支撑法兰138D’下面的安装法兰150B。类似地,瓷砖单元100的互锁调整片154B具有随着互锁调整片154B从底板102向外延伸而向上倾斜的下表面,而瓷砖单元100’的互锁调整片154H’具有随着互锁调整片154H’从底板102’向外延伸而向下倾斜的上表面。如图9B所示,在底板102’顶部具有表面材料瓷砖盖104’的瓷砖单元100’可设置成相邻于并且充分地接触在底板102顶部具有表面材料瓷砖盖104的瓷砖单元100,使得底板102’的互锁支撑法兰138D’可安装在底板102的安装法兰150B上,由此隐藏穿过安装孔152B安装的任何紧固件,而底板102的互锁法兰154B可安装在底板102’的互锁法兰154H’上,由此将瓷砖单元100’的C侧固定至瓷砖单元100的A侧。
如图9A-9B所示,底板102可具有整体地形成于其中的隔离件(spacer)160,并且该隔离件160从表面材料瓷砖盖104的范围之外的某个位置向上延伸,并且位于支撑法兰138A和安装法兰150B之间。隔离件160有效地限制了表面材料瓷砖盖104’接近表面材料瓷砖盖104。宽度W4的排放间隙(drainage gap)可保持于相邻瓷砖单元100、100’的表面材料瓷砖盖104、104’之间,以允许水或其它液体或碎屑排到相邻的瓷砖盖之间。间隙W4可近似等于外围壁130的宽度W1,如图4A-4C所示。隔离件160可被放置在沿着瓷砖单元100的A侧和B侧的多个位置处,以保持任意两个或多个相邻瓷砖单元100之间的排放间隙。
现转向图10A-10B,沿图8线10-10截取的截面图图示了与第二个瓷砖单元100’的互锁调整片154H’和互锁支撑法兰138L’相邻的第一个瓷砖单元100的安装法兰150C和互锁调整片154C。截面图是通过互锁调整片154C和互锁调整片154G’截取的,并图示了具有上表面156G’的互锁调整片154G’,该上表面156G’随着互锁调整片154G’从底板102’向外延伸而向下倾斜。互锁调整片154C具有下表面158C,该下表面158C随着互锁调整片154C从底板102向外延伸而向上倾斜。在互锁调整片154C下方的体积143C是敞口的,以便当相邻于瓷砖单元100布置瓷砖单元100’时容纳位于互锁调整片154C下面的互锁调整片154G’。类似地,瓷砖单元100’的互锁支撑法兰138L具有随着互锁支撑法兰138L从底板102’向外延伸而向上倾斜的下表面,而瓷砖单元100的安装法兰150C具有随着安装法兰150C从底板102’向外延伸而向下倾斜的上表面。如图10B所示,在底板102’顶部具有表面材料瓷砖盖104’的瓷砖单元100’可设置成相邻于并且充分地接触在底板102顶部具有表面材料瓷砖盖104的瓷砖单元100,使得底板102’的互锁支撑法兰138L’可安装在底板102的安装法兰150C上,由此隐藏穿过安装孔152C安装的任何紧固件,而底板102的互锁法兰154C可安装在底板102’的互锁法兰154G’上,由此将瓷砖单元100’的C侧固定至瓷砖单元100的A侧。在底板102中整体式形成的隔离件160C从表面材料瓷砖盖104的范围之外的某个位置向上延伸,并且位于支撑法兰138A和安装法兰150C之间。如上述的方式,隔离件160有效地限制了表面材料瓷砖盖104’接近表面材料瓷砖盖104。宽度W4的排放间隙可保持于相邻瓷砖单元100、100’的表面材料瓷砖盖104、104’之间,以允许水或其它液体排到相邻的瓷砖盖之间。
粘结剂安装(胶杯)
现转向图11,示范性底板102的底部平面图图示了瓷砖单元100的附加特征。通常利用合适的粘结剂,将常规的瓷砖面板单元保持于合适的位置。如果某人希望使用粘结材料来固定本发明的瓷砖面板单元100的实施方式,那么底板102提供容器和接收槽(receptive channel),以容纳施工等级的粘结剂(construction-grade adhesive),作为使用螺钉型紧固件来穿过安装法兰150的安装孔152的一种替代方案。在外围壁130内,结构加固形状阵列显示为六边形阵列,但是还可以按需要使用其它形状,且在阵列中的是许多粘结剂容器或“胶杯(glue cup)”162。粘结剂容器162可放置在任意两个垂直柱部分134之间而取代垂直壁部分132。如图11所示,所示的六个粘结剂容器162散布在结构加固形状阵列之间。每个粘结剂容器162可在其底部呈圆形器皿开口,以容纳足够数量的施工等级的粘结剂来充满粘结剂容器162。此外或可选择地,可在底板102的外围部件(peripheral feature)上形成许多容纳粘结剂的槽(adhesive-receivingchannel)140。例如,可在沿着支撑法兰138A下侧的不同位置处形成容纳粘结剂的槽140A-140E,且可在沿着支撑法兰138B下侧的不同位置处形成容纳粘结剂的槽140F-140K。此外,容纳粘结剂的槽140L和140M可分别形成于支撑法兰138C和138E的下侧。容纳粘结剂的槽140N和140P可分别形成于支撑法兰138G和138J的下侧。在安装期间,粘结剂容器162和容纳粘结剂的槽140可充满施工等级的粘结剂,并且然后可将瓷砖单元安装在期望的位置上,如上所述利用互锁部件来正确布置,并且允许放置在适当位置,直到粘结剂凝固和/或固化。
现转向图12,示范性的粘结剂容器162,或胶杯,以截面表示,所示为支撑圆杯(circular cup)166的不全的垂直壁部分164,该圆杯166包括围绕圆形表面169的圆柱形壁168。当相应的瓷砖单元100倒置时,杯166可充满粘剂结。优选足够厚的粘结剂以长久的保持在杯中,足以将瓷砖单元100翻转成直立方向,并且安装在地板上,或转向垂直方向,以粘贴于墙壁。
加固部件(工形梁)
现转向图13,瓷砖单元100的实施方式可具有模制到底板102中的许多附加的加固部件170。例如,加固部件170可包括相当刚性的具有特定截面的拉伸构件(elongated member),例如工形梁或U形槽。在一实施方式中,加固部件170可被拉挤成(pultruded)玻璃纤维工形梁。在另一个实施方式中,加固部件170可为工形钢梁或U形槽构件。可将加固部件放置于在其中形成底板102的注模内,之后,将塑料材料注入至模具内,由此直接将加固部件170固定到底板102的加固形状阵列中。可按需要放置加固部件,以得到所需的加固强度,且例如,加固部件被示为穿过一连串垂直壁部分132,并且在底板102的B侧和D侧之间延伸底板102的长度。如图13中的示范性实施方式所示,四个加固部件170从在底板102的B侧处的支撑法兰138B延伸到在底板102的D侧处的外围壁130D,并且在底板102的A侧处的支撑法兰138A和在底板102的C侧处的外围壁130C之间大体上呈等间距隔开。还可包括有邻近底板102的A侧处的外围壁130A并且邻近底板102的C侧处的外围壁130C的附加加固部件170。根据特定的结构要求,还可包括在其它要求位置以及不同方位上的附加加固部件170。加固部件170还可结合到底板102的可选实施方式中,其具有更大的由上至下的厚度来增强结构强度。
偏置排列和图案
现转向图14,参考数字1000通常指包括一个或多个瓷砖单元100的瓷砖组装系统的一部分。第一个瓷砖单元100A可安装在所期望的地板或墙壁覆盖图案的角落,在待放置瓷砖的区域角落排列其C侧和D侧,在这些侧没有安装法兰。第二个瓷砖单元100B可放置成相邻于第一个瓷砖单元100A并且与其对齐。第三个瓷砖单元100C可放置成相邻于第一个瓷砖单元100B并且与其对齐,从而形成了包括瓷砖单元100A、100B和100C的第一排瓷砖单元。开始第二排瓷砖单元100,第四个瓷砖单元100D可安装成与第一个瓷砖单元100A相邻且偏置,使得第四个瓷砖单元100D的约一半与第二个瓷砖单元100B相邻。第五个瓷砖单元100E可安装成与第二个瓷砖单元100B相邻且偏置,使得第五个瓷砖单元100E的约一半与第三个瓷砖单元100C相邻。相邻于第一个瓷砖单元100A的空间没有被偏置的第四个瓷砖单元100D所覆盖,而可由本发明的瓷砖面板单元的变化实施方式所覆盖,例如一半尺寸的瓷砖单元200,其具有类似于瓷砖单元100的特征,但其沿A侧/C侧的长度只有瓷砖单元100的A侧/C侧长度的一半。在待放置瓷砖的整个区域,借助于瓷砖单元100的隔离件160和瓷砖单元200的相应隔离件260,可将排放间隙保持于相邻的瓷砖单元100、200之间。
现转向图15,所示的一部分示范性瓷砖组装系统1000包括与半尺寸的第二个瓷砖单元200相邻的全尺寸的第一个瓷砖单元100。可将四分之一尺寸的第三个瓷砖单元300安装成相邻于且在由第一个瓷砖单元100和第二个瓷砖单元200形成的角落。四分之一尺寸的瓷砖单元300具有与瓷砖单元100相类似的特征,但其沿A侧/C侧和B侧/D侧的长度只有瓷砖单元100的A侧/C侧长度的一半。例如,如图16所示,可利用不同尺寸的瓷砖面板单元100、200、300,在瓷砖组装系统中生成诸如琢石图案(ashlar pattern)及类似图案的不同图案,同时保持瓷砖面板单元100的优点。如另一个实例,图17表示利用矩形瓷砖单元200而生成的琢石图案。如另一个实例,图18表示利用六边形瓷砖单元400和至少一个半六边形的瓷砖单元450而生成的图案。
已经参照本发明的某些优选实施方式这样描述了本发明,可指出,所公开的实施方式是说明性的,而非本质上限制性的,且在前面所公开内容中还设想到各种各样的变化、修改、改变和替代,且在某些情况下,可使用本发明的一些特征,而不相应地使用其它的一些特征。本领域技术人员根据查阅优选实施方式的先前描述,可认识到许多这些变化和修改都是可取的。因此,恰当的是,所附的权利要求应被广泛地并且以与本发明范围相一致的方式来解释。
Claims (24)
1.一种瓷砖面板单元,其包括:
瓷砖盖,其具有一外形,并且包括至少一层混合有树脂和催化剂的碎石以及至少一层混合有树脂的玻璃纤维绞线的多层复合物;以及
底板,其部分地嵌入至所述瓷砖盖的下面,其中所述底板包括:
外围结构,其接近所述瓷砖盖的形状;
结构加固形状阵列,其放置在所述外围结构内;以及
一个或多个支撑部件,其从所述外围结构向外延伸,并且支撑所述瓷砖盖的外围边缘。
2.根据权利要求1所述的瓷砖面板单元,其中所述结构加固形状包括排列成相交的壁部分的图案的多个垂直壁部分。
3.根据权利要求2所述的瓷砖面板单元,其进一步包括在任意两个垂直壁部分的相交处的垂直柱部分。
4.根据权利要求3所述的瓷砖面板单元,其中所述垂直柱部分进一步包括在其顶端处的圆形凸起。
5.根据权利要求3所述的瓷砖面板单元,其中所述垂直柱部分进一步包括穿过其中心形成的钻孔。
6.根据权利要求4所述的瓷砖面板单元,其中所述圆形凸起被封装于所述瓷砖盖的至少一层内。
7.根据权利要求5所述的瓷砖面板单元,其中穿过所述垂直柱部分的钻孔被部分地填充有至少一层形成所述瓷砖盖的材料。
8.根据权利要求1所述的瓷砖面板单元,其中所述结构加固形状为六边形。
9.根据权利要求1所述的瓷砖面板单元,其中所述底板进一步包括从所述外围结构向外延伸的一个或多个安装部件。
10.根据权利要求9所述的瓷砖面板单元,其中所述安装部件包括调整片,每个调整片都具有穿过其形成的孔,用于容纳机械紧固件。
11.根据权利要求1所述的瓷砖面板单元,其中所述底板还包括从所述外围结构向外延伸的一个或多个互锁部件。
12.根据权利要求11所述的瓷砖面板单元,其中所述互锁部件包括至少一个第一调整片,所述第一调整片在比所述底板的底部高出一定高度的位置处从所述外围结构向外延伸,以足够安装在相邻瓷砖面板单元的安装部件上方。
13.根据权利要求12所述的瓷砖面板单元,其进一步包括至少一个第二调整片,所述第二调整片在比所述底板的底部高出一定高度的位置处从所述外围结构向外延伸,用于安装在相邻瓷砖面板单元的互锁部件下方。
14.根据权利要求1所述的瓷砖面板单元,其中所述底板进一步包括隔离件,所述隔离件从所述底板的外围向上延伸超出所述瓷砖盖的范围,用于限制相邻瓷砖盖接近。
15.根据权利要求14所述的瓷砖面板单元,其中所述隔离件与从所述外围结构向外延伸的安装部件协同定位。
16.根据权利要求1所述的瓷砖面板单元,其中所述底板进一步包括嵌入至模制的所述底板内的加固部件。
17.根据权利要求16所述的瓷砖面板单元,其中所述加固部件包括具有特定截面形状的拉挤成型的玻璃纤维梁。
18.根据权利要求16所述的瓷砖面板单元,其中所述加固部件包括具有特定截面形状的金属梁。
19.根据权利要求1所述的瓷砖面板单元,其中所述底板进一步包括一个或多个粘结剂容器,用于接收来自所述底板下方的施工粘结剂。
20.根据权利要求19所述的瓷砖面板单元,其中所述一个或多个粘结剂容器被模制到所述结构加固形状阵列内。
21.根据权利要求19所述的瓷砖面板单元,其中所述一个或多个粘结剂容器被模制到所述外围结构的下方。
22.根据权利要求19所述的瓷砖面板单元,其中所述一个或多个粘结剂容器被模制到从所述外围结构向外延伸的所述支撑部件的下方。
23.根据权利要求19所述的瓷砖面板单元,其中所述一个或多个粘结剂容器被模制到从所述外围结构向外延伸的所述安装部件的下方。
24.一种瓷砖面板单元,其包括:
瓷砖部分;以及
安装部件,其用于将所述瓷砖面板单元固定至下层支撑结构,并用于在瓷砖组装系统中排列和连接相邻的瓷砖面板单元。
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CN102459781B (zh) * | 2009-06-11 | 2015-12-16 | Comc有限责任公司 | 窄衬里的模块化地板组件 |
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