CN102458835B - 平视显示系统用的层压窗玻璃 - Google Patents

平视显示系统用的层压窗玻璃 Download PDF

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CN102458835B
CN102458835B CN201080024818.7A CN201080024818A CN102458835B CN 102458835 B CN102458835 B CN 102458835B CN 201080024818 A CN201080024818 A CN 201080024818A CN 102458835 B CN102458835 B CN 102458835B
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M.拉布罗特
M-H.布勒尼奥
J.萨布利罗勒斯
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Sekisui Chemical Co Ltd
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    • G02B27/0101—Head-up displays characterised by optical features
    • G02B2027/0118—Head-up displays characterised by optical features comprising devices for improving the contrast of the display / brillance control visibility
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Abstract

本发明涉及汽车挡风玻璃或建筑窗玻璃类型的用于信息显示的层压窗玻璃，其包含通过热可成型材料夹层或通过包含这种夹层的多层片彼此接合的至少两个无机玻璃或强有机材料的透明片的组装件，所述窗玻璃的特征在于将羟基对苯二甲酸酯类型的发光体材料并入所述夹层中，以实现所述显示。本发明还涉及在透明窗玻璃上显示图像的装置，其包含上述类型的层压窗玻璃和激光类型的集中UV辐射的产生源，其辐射为350至410纳米，将该UV辐射引导到所述一个或多个包含对苯二甲酸酯类型的发光体层的窗玻璃区域上。

Description

平视显示系统用的层压窗玻璃
本发明涉及投影到透明类型屏幕上，特别是汽车挡风玻璃或建筑窗玻璃上的显示系统的领域。 
最特别地，即使不限于此，本发明涉及所谓的“平视(tête haute)”显示系统，在本领域中称作HUD(Head Up Display)系统的领域。此类系统尤其可用于飞机驾驶舱和火车，而且现今也用于私人机动车(轿车、卡车等)。 
在此类系统中，窗玻璃通常由夹层状结构构成，最简单包含两个强固材料片(feuilles de matière résistante)，如玻璃片。这些强固材料片通过通常包含或由聚乙烯醇缩丁醛(PVB)构成的可热成型的中间片彼此接合。 
能够显示投影到窗玻璃上并反射向驾驶者或观察者眼中的信息的此类平视显示系统是已知的。这些系统特别能向车辆驾驶者传达信息而无需其视线偏离车辆前方视野，由此可极大提高安全性。驾驶者会察觉位于挡风玻璃后一定距离的虚像。 
最传统地，通过将信息投影到具有层压结构，即由两个玻璃片和塑料夹层形成的层压结构的挡风玻璃上，获得这种图像。但是，驾驶者这时看到重像，即由朝向客舱内部的挡风玻璃表面反射的第一图像和由挡风玻璃外表面反射出的第二图像，这两个图像相互轻微偏移。这种偏移可能导致干扰信息的显示。为了减轻这一问题，可以提到在专利US 5 013 134中提出的解决方案，其描述了使用由两个玻璃片和聚乙烯醇缩丁醛(PVB)夹层形成的层压挡风玻璃的平视显示系统，该挡风玻璃的两个外表面不平行，而是楔形，以使显示器源投射和由面向客舱的挡风玻璃表面反射的图像几乎叠加在来自相同来源的由朝外的挡风玻璃表面反射的相同图像上。为消除重像，传统上使用其厚度从窗玻璃顶边到底边降低的中间片制造楔形层压窗玻璃。但是，PVB轮廓必须非常规则并且没有厚度变化，因为这些在组装过程中会被转移至挡风玻璃上，并造成角度局部变化。 
或者，在专利US 6 979 499 B2中提出将适当波长的入射光束传送到直接并入窗玻璃中的发光体上，这些能通过发射在可见光范围内的光辐射来响应激发。由此，在挡风玻璃上直接形成实像，而不再是虚像。车辆的所有乘客也可看见这种图像。特别地，专利US 6 979 499 B2描述了具有聚乙烯醇缩丁醛(PVB)类型中间片的层压窗玻璃，其两个外表面平行并在其中并入附加的发光体层。根据入射激发辐射的波长选择发光体。这种波长可以在紫外线范围或IR范围内。发光体在这种入射辐射下再发出在可见光范围内的辐射。当入射辐射是UV时，该方法随之被称作下转换(down conversion)，当入射辐射是IR时，该方法被 称作上转换(up conversion)。根据所述文献，这种构造能够直接在挡风玻璃或窗玻璃上重现任何物体的图像。根据该公开，在构成层压窗玻璃的片之一(PVB或玻璃)的整个主表面上以包含几种类型发光体的连续层形式沉积发光体材料。通过选择性激发该发光体层的预定区域，获得所需图像。借助由外部装置控制和调节的激发源获得图像的位置及其形状。 
但是，本申请人进行的实验已表明，在组装的窗玻璃中包含发光体的这种HUD装置的特点为传统未聚焦UV激发源下的太低亮度。此外，发光体的浓度受挡风玻璃的浊度值限制，其不应太高以致干扰驾驶者的视线。 
特别地，看起来当外部亮度高时和通常在日间视觉中，用这种装置获得的发光强度仍非常不足，因为所述发光强度不超过几十坎德拉。通常，对传统HUD类型系统(即根据反射原理工作)的测量已表明，如果在挡风玻璃的正常外部日光照明状况下亮度为大约数百cd/m2，尤其大于500cd/m2，甚至1000cd/m2，观察者例如在车辆驾驶者的观察区中可见单色辐射。 
为了获得这种亮度，可以使用发生由更特定的激光二极管型源来释放的集中(concentr é)和定向紫外线的激发源。术语“集中”在本说明书中被理解为表示产生源输出的光束在窗玻璃上的表面功率密度大于120mW/cm2，优选为200mW/cm2至20000mW/cm2，甚至500mW/cm2至10000mW/cm2。但是，只有在保持有限的功率水平下才能设想使用此类来源，以避免该光束的危害问题，尤其是在车辆外部。特别地，通过使用小于410纳米的波长工作，可以避免大部分激光辐射到达外部，因为在这些波长下，PVB强吸收UV辐射。 
由于使用集中的激光类型光源而出现的另一决定性问题起源于所用发光体的选择：这必须具有高的入射辐射转换效率，但在外部UV辐射下，特别是在尤其为激光类型的入射集中UV辐射下不应该降解，以确保该显示功能的合适寿命。 
在直接在其表面上显示信息的这种窗玻璃中，发光体的选择因此看起来重要，而且必须在与这种应用相关的各种特征和性质之间进行折衷，尤其： 
-由在入射UV激发下的良好量子产额提供的高亮度； 
-透明度，以使浊度不超过2％，且光透射率大于70％； 
-与窗玻璃的热塑性片构件的化学相容性； 
-例如通过根据DIN6167标准的所谓“黄度指数(Yellowness Index)”试验测得的中性着色，尤其是在窗玻璃中发光体以高浓度存在时； 
-在入射太阳UV辐射下的老化试验中的最大耐久性，尤其是如通过本领域中的试验测得； 
-在入射集中UV辐射，特别是激光下的老化试验中的最大耐久性，尤其是如通过在以cd/m2测得的初始亮度降低一半之前观测到的时间进行测量。 
更确切地，本发明涉及汽车挡风玻璃或建筑窗玻璃类型的用于信息显示的层压窗玻璃，其包含通过热可成型材料夹层或通过包含这种夹层的多层片彼此接合的至少两个无机玻璃或坚实有机材料的透明片的组装件，所述窗玻璃的特征在于将羟基对苯二甲酸酯类型的发光体材料并入所述夹层中，可以实现所述显示。 
术语“羟基对苯二甲酸酯”被理解为表示衍生自对苯二甲酸的二酯，其符合通式：R-OOC-Φ(OH)x-COOR， 
其中： 
-Φ表示被至少一个羟基OH取代的苯环； 
-R是包含1至10个碳原子，优选1至5个碳原子，特别是1或2个碳原子的烃链；且 
-x等于1或2。 
羟基优选在芳环上的2位和/或5位。所述发光体特别可以是根据下列经验式的2，5-二羟基对苯二甲酸二烷基酯： 
例如，所述发光体可以是2，5-二羟基对苯二甲酸二乙基酯(HO)2C6H2(CO2CH2CH3)2，其发射波长接近450纳米： 
通常在本发明的窗玻璃中，该对苯二甲酸酯类型发光体在所述热塑性材料中溶剂 化。 
例如，构成所述夹层的可热成型材料选自PVB、增塑的PVC、聚氨酯PU和乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯EVA。 
该可热成型材料优选是PVB。 
根据一个可能的实施方案，通过包含PVB夹层的多层片，例如包含PVB/PET/PVB连续层的片将透明片彼此接合，其中PET是聚对苯二甲酸亚乙酯。 
本发明还涉及制造根据上述实施方案之一的层压窗玻璃的方法，其中在PVB类型热塑性片上通过选自丝网印刷技术、喷墨印刷技术或胶版印刷、苯胺印刷或照相凹版印刷类型技术的技术以含PVB类型粘合剂的醇溶液的形式沉积该薄层，随后在高压釜中层压该窗玻璃。 
最后，本发明涉及在透明窗玻璃上显示图像的装置，其包含根据上述实施方案之一的层压窗玻璃和激光类型的集中UV辐射(rayonnement UV concentré)的产生源，其辐射为350至410纳米，将该UV辐射引导到所述一个或多个包含对苯二甲酸酯类型的发光体的窗玻璃区域上。 
在该显示装置中，UV辐射的产生源通常包含至少一个发射UV激发辐射的激光二极管，其波长小于410纳米，优选为350至405纳米。 
例如，该产生源输出的光束的表面功率密度大于120mW/cm2，优选200mW/cm2至20000mW/cm2，或甚至500mW/cm2至10000mW/cm2。 
该显示装置优选进一步包含UV辐射产生源的功率的调制装置以使亮度适应该窗玻璃的外部日光状况(例如根据该窗玻璃的日射状况)。 
例如，该调制装置可规定至少一个适合日间使用的功率和至少一个适合夜间使用的低于前述功率的功率。 
在联系唯一附图阅读本发明的下列实施方案时更好地理解本发明及其优点。 
附图有助于图解本发明及其优点。 
在该图上，示意性显示本发明的挡风玻璃和装置。 
挡风玻璃1由两片2和9，通常玻璃片构成，但它们也可以由聚碳酸酯类型的坚实塑料片构成。在这两个片之间存在由塑料，如PVB(聚乙烯醇缩丁醛)、增塑的PVC、PU或EVA构成的夹层片3或包含例如PET(聚对苯二甲酸亚乙酯)的多层热塑性片，其中该连续层为例如PVB/PET/PVB。 
在层压之前，即在组装各种片之前，在热塑性夹层片3的至少一部分内表面上沉积 本发明的对苯二甲酸酯类型的有机发光体的粒子。 
该发光体粒子具有主要在1至100微米之间的尺寸分布。术语“主要”被理解为表示构成商业粉末的粒子的多于90％具有1至100微米的直径。优选对该对苯二甲酸酯类型的发光体粒子施以促进它们在热塑性PVB片中的浸渍的预先处理。更确切地，用基于PVB的粘合剂预涂布所述粒子。 
使用发射激发光辐射的激光源4以发射波长接近400纳米的入射集中辐射7。以分子形式在夹层热塑性片3中溶剂化的对苯二甲酸酯类型的发光体10对入射辐射具有高吸收系数。其随后以大于80％的效率再发出在可见光范围内的辐射，即接近450纳米的辐射。 
驾驶者的眼睛5这时可直接观察到该发光体发出的可见辐射，这样驾驶者在视线不从道路上移开的情况下就能看见挡风玻璃上的对象。由此，可以在层压挡风玻璃上直接形成图像，而不必改变后者的结构，例如夹层片的厚度，由此能够经济地制造HUD系统。 
在获得的各种窗玻璃上，使用下列程序测量如上述用途的表征参数：限据汽车标准ANSI Z26.1(1996)测量浊度。 
根据一个可能的实施方案，可以根据专利申请US2005/231652的段落[0021]中描述的实施方案使用DLP投影仪以调制激发波。根据本发明，也可以使用如专利申请US2004/0232826中描述，尤其如联系图3描述的装置作为UV激发源。 
可以通过例如，丝网印刷技术、喷墨印刷技术或胶版印刷、苯胺印刷(flexogravure)或照相凹版印刷技术在PVB片上沉积发光体。 
优选通过将发光体粒子溶解或分散在为促进发光体并入和极快溶解在热塑性片中而选择的至少一种基质中，通过上述技术之一进行沉积，尤其是在经过可以组装该层压窗玻璃的高压釜中的时候进行。基于PVB或基于PMMA类型的其它塑料的粘合剂已表明对这种功能特别有效。 
根据本发明的基本特征之一，显而易见的是，对苯二甲酸酯类的发光体10可由此以足够密切的方式并入PVB塑料片中，以致通过常规光显微技术不能再检出它们的存在。这不能被解释为任何理论，但一种可能的解释为，在经过高压釜中后对苯二甲酸酯分子在PVB片中完全溶剂化，即它们最终为在塑料中的独立粒子形式。 
确实由于这种现象，申请人已经发现，在经由透明窗玻璃显示图像的用途的范围中，对苯二甲酸酯类型的发光体的使用能够有效满足对于这种用途所必需的下列要求： 
a)可接收的图像清晰度； 
b)足以使其可被驾驶者观察到的发光强度； 
c)根据ANSI Z26.1-1996标准测得的小于2％或甚至小于1％的由在挡风玻璃上附加该层造成的浊度；和 
d)大于70％，优选大于75％的光透射。 
此外，如下列实施例所示，对苯二甲酸酯类型的发光体表现出远优于其它有机或无机发光体的在入射太阳UV辐射和激发UV辐射，尤其是激光下的耐久性。 
上述实施方案显然在上述任何方面中对本发明没有任何限制作用。 
实施例：
下列实施例可以说明本发明的层压挡风玻璃的示例性实施方案及其优点： 
首先，根据本发明合成层压挡风玻璃，其包含通过760微米厚的PVB夹层片彼此接合的连续两个玻璃片。根据本领域的公知技术进行组装。 
在层压之前，在大约10×10cm2尺寸的正方形玻璃上沉积发光体层。该发光体选自如下表1中所列的公知在UV范围内强吸收的各种发光体粉末。通过常规丝网印刷技术将该发光体并入窗玻璃中。在组装步骤之前在内玻璃片2的表面(在面向PVB片的面)上沉积发光体(见图)。不背离本发明的范围，也可以在PVB的内表面上沉积发光体。 
更具体地，预先在PVB类型粘合剂中稀释该发光体。调节该稀释以最后获得相对于粘合剂重量为1质量％颜料的发光体浓度。一股而言，粘合剂含有基于乙醇或基于其它溶剂的稀释剂，以优化用于通过丝网印刷沉积的粘度。申请人进行的试验表明，可以用在稀释剂中0.1质量％至10质量％颜料的浓度进行操作，此外，0.5至5％的浓度产生在所得浊度的结果和观察到的亮度之间的最佳折衷。 
随后在玻璃片上使用常规技术丝网印刷所述混合物。通过丝网印刷沉积的包含在PVB/乙醇混合物中的发光体的初始层的厚度为大约10至40微米。 
随后在使用本领域中常规的高压釜技术来层压两个玻璃片和PVB片之前使溶剂蒸发。由此获得附图中所示的挡风玻璃。 
在获得的各种窗玻璃板上，使用下列程序测量如上述用途的表征参数： 
根据汽车标准ANSI Z26.1(1996)测量浊度。 
根据在欧洲标准ECE R43 A3/5中描述的试验测定窗玻璃的耐热性。 
通过试验测量对入射太阳UV辐射的耐久性，其在于根据ISO4892(第2部分)标准在90℃下使窗玻璃暴露在氙弧灯发出的辐射下以模拟太阳辐射。这种暴露能使该发光体发生加速老化。使初始亮度降低一半所需的时间的测量可以直接和简单地评估和比较各 种受试发光体在太阳辐射下的耐久性。 
在窗玻璃暴露在上述Arizona试验中400小时后通过根据DIN6167标准的所谓“黄度指数”试验测量窗玻璃的着色。 
通过下列方法测量对激发UV激光辐射的耐久性： 
将200mW功率强度和等于405纳米的波长的激光束直接引导到面积大约2平方毫米的包含发光体层的窗玻璃部分上。将亮度计对准该发光点并连续测量以cd/m2为单位的亮度。 
因此，测量下列： 
-发射辐射的初始单色亮度，大约几百cd/m2的单色亮度被判断为足以使在如上所述的正常日射状况下注视道路的驾驶者完全可见该光点； 
-所发射的辐射的最大波长和由例如车辆驾驶者观察到的颜色；和 
-使初始亮度降低一半所需的时间，这种值根据本发明表征该发光体在入射集中辐射下的耐久性。 
连续照射小尺寸点导致该发光体快速降解，并因此导致其亮度快速降低。这种严格方法能在保持最终激发光束的波长的同时使发光体发生加速老化，但其非常不同于正常运行条件，在正常运行条件下该发光体的寿命明显长得多。 
这种加速老化的目标因此是实现在所研究用途中发光体的快速判别。 
所有观测结果列在表1中。 
表1 中给出的结果表明，无机发光体不能获得对该用途而言足够透明的基板，在进行的所有试验中，浊度大于5％，而亮度比在有机发光体的情况下观察到的亮度低得多。 
在有机发光体中，可以看出，传统上由于它们在UV激发下的高发光而已知的发光体在激光类型的集中激发光束下或更根本在常规日射状况下具有极差的耐久性。本发明的羟基对苯二甲酸酯类型的发光体具有更好的耐久性，其可以考虑在集中入射光束，尤其是激光下的HUD类型的用途。 

Claims (13)

1.汽车挡风玻璃或建筑窗玻璃类型的用于信息显示的层压窗玻璃，其包含通过热可成型材料夹层或通过包含这种夹层的多层片彼此接合的至少两个无机玻璃或坚实有机材料的透明片的组装件，所述窗玻璃的特征在于将羟基对苯二甲酸酯类型的发光体材料并入所述夹层中，以实现所述显示，其中所述发光体是下列经验式的羟基烷基对苯二甲酸酯R-OOC-Φ(OH)x-COOR：
其中Φ表示被至少一个羟基(OH)取代的苯环，R是包含1至10个碳原子的烃链，且x等于1或2。
2.如权利要求1所述的层压窗玻璃，其中至少一个羟基在苯环上的2位和/或5位。
3.如权利要求1-2之一中所述的层压窗玻璃，其中所述发光体是符合下列经验式的2,5-二羟基对苯二甲酸二烷基酯：
4.如权利要求1-2之一中所述的层压窗玻璃，其中所述发光体是2,5-二羟基对苯二甲酸二乙基酯。
5.如权利要求1-2之一中所述的层压窗玻璃，其中所述发光体在所述热塑性材料中被溶剂化。
6.如权利要求1-2之一中所述的层压窗玻璃，其中构成所述夹层的可热成型材料选自PVB、增塑的PVC、聚氨酯PU和乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯EVA。
7.如权利要求1-2之一中所述的层压窗玻璃，其中该可热成型材料是PVB。
8.如权利要求1-2之一中所述的层压窗玻璃，其中通过包含PVB夹层的多层片将透明片彼此接合。
9.制造如前述权利要求之一中所述的层压窗玻璃的方法，其中在PVB类型热塑性片上通过选自丝网印刷技术、喷墨印刷类型技术或胶版印刷、苯胺印刷或照相凹版印刷类型技术的技术以含PVB型粘合剂的醇溶液的形式沉积该发光体材料，随后在高压釜中层压该窗玻璃。
10.在透明窗玻璃上显示图像的装置，其包含如权利要求1至8之一中所述的层压窗玻璃和激光类型的集中UV辐射的产生源，其辐射为350至410纳米，将该UV辐射引导向所述一个或多个包含羟基对苯二甲酸酯类型的发光体层的窗玻璃区域上。
11.如权利要求10中所述的显示装置，其中UV辐射产生源包含至少一个发射UV激发辐射的激光二极管，该辐射的波长小于410纳米。
12.如权利要求10或11中所述的显示装置，其中该产生源输出的光束的表面功率密度大于120 mW/cm2。
13.如权利要求10至11之一中所述的显示装置，其进一步包含该UV辐射产生源的功率的调制装置以使亮度适应该窗玻璃的外部日光状况。
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FR2946336A1 (fr) 2010-12-10
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EP2437937A1 (fr) 2012-04-11
MX2011012886A (es) 2011-12-16
ES2412083T3 (es) 2013-07-10
CN102458835A (zh) 2012-05-16
JP5587992B2 (ja) 2014-09-10
BRPI1011136B1 (pt) 2019-10-22
JP2012528778A (ja) 2012-11-15
EA201171298A1 (ru) 2012-05-30
KR101766312B1 (ko) 2017-08-08
PT2437937E (pt) 2013-06-27
KR20120028902A (ko) 2012-03-23
WO2010139889A1 (fr) 2010-12-09
EA019874B1 (ru) 2014-06-30
US8487277B2 (en) 2013-07-16
BRPI1011136A2 (pt) 2016-08-09
US20120068083A1 (en) 2012-03-22
FR2946336B1 (fr) 2011-05-20

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