CN1537247A - 平视显示风挡的成型中间层和用于制备该中间层的方法 - Google Patents

平视显示风挡的成型中间层和用于制备该中间层的方法 Download PDF

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CN1537247A
CN1537247A CNA028120078A CN02812007A CN1537247A CN 1537247 A CN1537247 A CN 1537247A CN A028120078 A CNA028120078 A CN A028120078A CN 02812007 A CN02812007 A CN 02812007A CN 1537247 A CN1537247 A CN 1537247A
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paper web
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uniform thickness
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J��K�����ػ�ά��
J·K·特拉维斯
R·A·霍林斯沃斯
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Abstract

一种自支承式粘性幅面料(10),它在由区域A和B所示的至少20%的宽度上具有均匀的厚度分布,并且在区域C和D具有楔形厚度分布。如图2所示,一种叠层,包括在它们之间夹有粘性中间层(16)的玻璃片材(12和14)。中间层(16)从边缘(18)到点(20)具有均匀的厚度分布,并且从点(20)到边缘(22)具有楔形厚度分布。

Description

平视显示风挡的成型中间层和用于制备该中间层的方法
本申请要求申请日为2001年6月15日的美国专利申请号60/298802的优先权。
技术领域和背景技术
车的平视仪表显示器(HUD)已经被用于提供出现在车辆风挡前面朝向车辆正面的虚拟图像。该显示器具有较高安全性的优点,因为操作者不必将主要用于查看车外情形的注意力分散用来检查仪表。
最常见的风挡是通过将一层具有大体均匀厚度的粘接剂,如聚乙烯醇缩丁醛(PVB)或聚亚胺酯放在两片玻璃之间,并且在高压容器中层压这种夹心组件而制成的。在常规HUD上,图像来源位于远离风挡的地方,来自所述图像来源的光线通过风挡反射到观察者眼中,观察者看到的图像漂浮在风挡以外的空间里。如果使用常规风挡的话,观察者看到的是两幅分离的图像,一幅图像来自风挡的内表面,而另一个来自其外表面。当这两幅图像在观察者的视野中不重合时,就会看到双重图像,它会干扰可接受的视觉。
减轻双重图像问题的方法,包括使用放置在风挡中的粘性中间层,使该中间层具有预定的楔角。所述楔角是根据预期的风挡安装角度、玻璃片材的厚度、以及投射图像的入射角进行选择的,以便大体上使通过仪表盘显示装置产生的图像重合,该图像是由风挡的内表面和外表面上反射到车辆驾驶人员眼中的,形成大体上单一的图像。以上方法包括披露于以下文献中的方法:美国专利5013134和公开的PCT申请WO91/06031和美国专利5639538。
HUD投射装置的楔角是通过使用一种粘性片材形成的,该片材在从该片材的一个边缘到另一个边缘的宽度上具有连续延伸的楔形厚度分布。在美国专利5087502中披露了这种片材和用于制备这种片材的方法。
在生产和运输在片材宽度上具有连续延伸的楔形厚度分布的幅面料时遇到了幅面料控制问题。幅面料步移是用于描述在幅面料运输或加工期间沿横向不受控制地运动的片材的术语。伸缩是用于描述卷绕的幅面料的核心或单层发生偏离或不均匀的卷绕时所出现的情况。幅面料步移和伸缩损坏了所述幅面料,并使得它难于或不可能用于制备风挡。这些问题还制约了所述幅面料的色彩。尽管使用特殊幅面料控制设备和方法可以取得不同程度的成功,但是这种设备和方法是昂贵的,并且通常需要将重复的现有设备用于制备常规粘性片材。仅通过生产短的卷,可以缓解上述问题。不过,短卷需要在生产期间经常更换卷筒,并且是由将所述片材加工成风挡的消费者进行更换。另外,由现有方法提供的形状通常需要对挤压成型的幅面料进行额外修整,由于通过修剪产生的切屑导致了经济损失。另外,某些现有的方法由于所述额外的修剪而需要更宽的挤压线。
因此,提供不需要特殊幅面料控制设备和方法或不需产生必须处理或回收的切屑的适合HUD风挡生产的粘性片材是有利的。改变挤压成型的幅面料的形状,可以确保在更窄的挤压线上生产,因此保证了向市场的供应,并且提高了现有生产设施的灵活性。
能降低整体厚度同时保持整体功能用途的形状提供了节省材料的进一步的经济优点。非对称的形状提供了在窄的生产线上生产较大宽度的能力。非对称形状还可用于同时生产多种楔形形状,因此提供了额外经济的优点,包括通过减少特殊用途所需要的多种形状的长的过渡时间的频率。
发明内容
一方面,本发明是一种用于制造透明粘性中间层(16)的自支承式粘性片材的连续幅面料(10),它包括:(a)横过其始于该幅面料的中心并且沿两个方向朝向该幅面料的外侧边缘延伸的至少20%的宽度具有均匀厚度分布的区域(AB),和(b)两个具有可变厚度分布的区域,从该幅面料的外侧边缘到位于该幅面料中心的具有均匀厚度的区域的厚度是增加的,以便通过在具有均匀厚度的区域(AB)分割该幅面料,可以获得各自具有至少20%均匀厚度的区域的两片片材。根据具体生产和/或最终使用的要求,以上具有不同厚度分布的两个区域可以以相同或不同的速率增加。
在另一方面,本发明是一种用于制造透明粘性中间层的自支承式粘性片材的连续幅面料,它包括(a)横过从幅面料的边缘延伸向中心的至少20%的宽度具有均匀厚度分布的两个区域,以便通过在靠近其外侧边缘之间的中点的区域分割该幅面料可以获得各自具有至少20%的均匀厚度区域的两片片材,和(b)具有可变厚度分布的区域,其厚度从该幅面料中心开始增加,并且是沿两个边缘的方向,沿着幅面料的边缘向具有均匀厚度的区域以相同或不同的斜率值线性增加,其中,在具有均匀厚度的区域和具有可变厚度的区域相交的每一个接合处形成一个顶点,并且所述顶点可以是弯曲的,以便在对所述弯曲的顶点进行物理检查时检测不到尖锐的边缘。
在另一方面,本发明是一种用于制造透明粘性中间层的自支承式粘性片材的连续幅面料,它包括(a)横过从幅面料的边缘延伸向中心的至少20%的宽度具有均匀厚度分布的两个区域,以便通过在非均匀厚度区分割该幅面料,可以获得各自具有至少20%的均匀厚度区域的两片片材,和(b)具有可变厚度分布的区域,其厚度是以连续的和非线性的方式增加的,从所述幅面料中心开始沿两个边缘的方向向具有均匀厚度的区域增加,其中,在具有均匀厚度的区域和具有可变厚度的区域相交的每一个接合处形成一个顶点,并且所述顶点可以是弯曲的,以便在对所述弯曲的顶点进行物理检查时检测不到尖锐的边缘。
详细说明
附图说明
在附图中,
图1是完整宽度的自支承式粘性幅面料的示意性剖视图,表示它的厚度分布;
图2是一种透明叠层的示意性部分剖视图,表示已经整合在所述叠层中的图1所示粘性幅面料的一半的片材厚度分布;
图3是完整宽度自支承式粘性幅面料的示意性剖视图,表示其厚度分布,其中,该幅面料的外侧部分是具有均匀厚度的区域,而该幅面料的中间部分收缩成具有最小厚度的区域;
图4是完整宽度自支承式粘性幅面料的示意性剖视图,表示其厚度分布,其中,该幅面料的外侧部分是具有均匀厚度的区域,而该幅面料的中间部分收缩成具有最小厚度的区域,具有最小厚度的区域具有圆形的或平滑的厚度分布;
图5是完整宽度自支承式粘性幅面料的示意性剖视图,表示其厚度分布,其中,该幅面料的外侧部分是具有降低的厚度的收缩区域,而该幅面料的中间部分收缩成具有最小厚度的区域,具有最小厚度的区域具有圆形的或平滑的厚度分布;
图6是完整宽度自支承式粘性幅面料的示意性剖视图,表示其厚度分布,其中,该幅面料的外侧部分是具有均匀厚度的区域,在与该幅面料的中间部分的具有降低的厚度分布的区域的过渡部分,具有圆形的或平滑的厚度分布,并且该幅面料的中间部分向一个具有圆形或平滑厚度分布的最小厚度的区域收缩;
图7a是完整宽度自支承式粘性幅面料的示意性剖视图,表示其厚度分布,其中,该幅面料的外侧部分是具有均匀厚度的区域,它向着位于该幅面料中间部分的具有均匀的最小厚度的区域收缩;
图7b是完整宽度自支承式粘性幅面料的示意性剖视图,表示其厚度分布,其中,该幅面料的外侧部分是具有均匀的最小厚度的区域,该区域向着位于该幅面料中间部分的具有最大厚度的区域逐渐变化;和
图8是完整宽度自支承式粘性幅面料的示意性剖视图,表示其厚度分布,其中,该幅面料的外侧部分是具有均匀厚度的区域,该幅面料的厚度朝向幅面料的中间部分增加,然后,其厚度朝向幅面料的中间部分降低,所述中间部分具有的均匀厚度大于具有均匀厚度的外侧区域的厚度。
具体实施方式
本发明的幅面料片材是精整宽度的乙烯基材料,它具有适用于风挡的长度,或任意长度,并且包括适用于精整输送卷的长度。在本发明中,“楔形区域”是所述幅面料片材的厚度发生改变的区域-就是说,不一致-或不均匀。对于本申请的用途来说,在本文中楔形区域还可被称作具有不均匀的或可变的厚度的区域。在本申请所披露的任何幅面料上,具有可变厚度分布的区域可以根据具体的生产和/或最终使用要求对称地或不对称地相对幅面料中线增加。本文所披露的幅面料厚度分布表示该幅面料的截面厚度。
参见附图,在图1中示出了一种自支承式粘性幅面料10,在由区域A和B表示的它的至少20%的宽度上具有均匀的厚度分布,并且在区域C和D具有楔形厚度分布。如图2所示,一种叠层包括其间夹有粘性中间层16的玻璃片材12和14。中间层16具有从边缘18延伸到点20的均匀厚度分布,以及从点20到边缘22的楔形厚度分布。所述中间层是通过沿它的横向在其中线位置或靠近中线位置分割图1的幅面料10而制成的,将所述分割的幅面料切割成两片,并且将所述片材用在风挡、挡风玻璃、窗户、观察点、或任何其他透明叠层上,通过它可以观察周围的环境,它可能包括汽车或其他陆地运输工具的风挡或飞机的挡风玻璃等。可以通过已知方法,如披露于美国专利5087502中的方法,从卷绕的幅面料卷中拉伸所述幅面料。令人吃惊的是,在将所述幅面料卷绕成大型卷时不需要特殊幅面料控制设备或方法,并且,实际上在所述风挡上沿厚度分布从均匀过渡到楔形的线没有可察觉的视觉不均衡。所述叠层可以包括玻璃、塑料,如聚碳酸酯类或丙烯酸类或其他透明材料。
在一种实施方案中,可以通过生产线直接获得“一次切割”楔形,其中,所述一次切割楔形具有与在它的中点或者中点附近分割本发明的楔形之后所获得的楔形相同的形状。通过让所述幅面料通过一次切割生产线,无需分割所述双楔形就可以获得单一切割楔形。
本发明的粘性幅面料可用作生产提供HUD的风挡的中间层。将所述中间层放置在所述风挡内,使所述楔形在它上面横向分布,并且从平视显示器可视区域的上部向下部向内缩小,所述可视区域包括一个图像区。
参见图2,所述图像区位于风挡的点20和边缘22之间的区域。中间层16从点20到边缘22的几何形状被定义为楔形,就是说,在从点20到边缘22的不同点上进行测量时,玻璃片材12和14的内表面之间的距离是逐渐缩小的。这种楔形是以楔角形式表示的,楔角是通过平行于中间层16的第一和第二表面的相交表面形成的。该楔角非常小。通常可以使用0.1-1.0毫弧度的楔角。
根据所述风挡的预期安装角度,透明片材的厚度,和投射图像的入射角选择中间层楔角,以便大体上使通过仪表盘显示装置产生的反射图像重合,并且从外侧片材的内侧表面和外侧表面反射到车辆驾驶人员的眼中形成大体上单一的图像。
所述楔形部分的厚度能够以线性形式或者以连续的但是非线性形式增加。“连续的但是非线性的”表示当中间层的楔形部分的总体厚度稳定增加而没有降低(连续增加)时,增加速率可能不是线性的,或者所述增加可以是线性的,然后是非线性的,或存在厚度增加是线性的部分和厚度增加是非线性的其它部分。非线性增加部分可以包括其斜率按照曲线方程增加的部分,或所述平面的斜率沿着幅面料的表面改变的部分,或各种形式的组合,以便按照直线的公式无法预测增加的厚度。在本发明中,在上述讨论中,无论幅面料的厚度被说成是增加或降低,应当注意所述厚度被说成是“增加”或“降低”将取决于幅面料的厚度相对起始参照点的厚度是增加或降低。
可以用用于挤压塑料材料的已知设备控制具有均匀厚度的所述区域的宽度和厚度和楔形区域的厚度分布。这一目的可以通过手工或自动调整平面片材挤压模具的口型而实现。具有均匀厚度的区域的厚度为380-2286微米,使楔形区域收缩,以便提供需要的楔角。在本发明中,应当理解的是,可以有来自挤压工艺模具口型定型点的正常变化,并且在幅面料厚度上所产生的正常变化不会使得该幅面料的厚度“不均匀”。例如,本发明的片材可以设定为以400微米的均匀厚度挤压。不过,其厚度在具有均匀厚度的区域的任何特定点上可能有意外的改变。使用数字特性无法了解在特定挤压过程中会出现什么样的正常变化,但是除非操作者在挤压过程中有意要改变片材的厚度,厚度的任何变化在本文中都被定义为“正常变化”。所述楔形区域必须具有足以容纳所述图像区域的宽度,不过,反过来,该区域的大小并不是关键的,只要所述幅面料的具有均匀厚度的区域至少占幅面料总面积的20%就行。
用于本发明中间层的优选材料是增塑的聚乙烯醇缩丁醛。这种材料可以用本领域技术人员所公知的方法制备,例如,披露于美国专利2720501,2400957和2739957中的方法。所述增塑的聚乙烯醇缩丁醛材料可以从市场上购买,例如,从E.I.du Pont de Nemours公司以Butacite为商标购买。其他有用的材料包括增塑的聚氯乙烯,聚酯和聚亚胺酯。
本发明的增塑的聚乙烯醇缩丁醛结构优选是以诸如披露于美国专利2829399中的方法熔融挤压的。优选的是,挤压的薄膜在水浴中骤冷,并且以诸如披露于美国专利3068525中的方法进行尺寸稳定化。如美国专利2957766或3591406所述,可以在所述薄膜上印刷逐渐转化的彩色条带。所述薄膜优选是以高达3.50米的宽度挤压的,从中间或靠近中间分割开,并且卷绕成两卷。然后每一卷被离线着色,以便影响沿具有均匀厚度的纵向边缘的逐渐转化的条带。只要该幅面料至少20%的面积具有均匀的厚度分布,就不会遇到幅面料控制问题。
图7a和7b所示的楔形特征可以具有圆形的或光滑的顶点。圆形或光滑的顶点可能有利于生产过程,并且还可赋予风挡功能性优点。
实例
例1
通过槽形扁平片材挤压模具挤压PVB(聚乙烯醇缩丁醛)熔融聚合物,以便生产用于平视显示器(HUD)系统的片材。该槽形扁平片材挤压模具具有两个模具口型,这两个口型是基本上平行的,直到将所述槽的宽度调整成用于生产用在HUD系统上的片材。所述口型中的一个或两个是可以调整的,以便改变所述模具槽的相对口型之间的宽度。
通过调整所述模具的槽的宽度调整并且控制横向片材厚度,以便在挤压线的末端形成需要的厚度分布,在这里将所述片材卷绕成卷。将精整过的片材厚度目标导入自动横向厚度控制系统,该系统具有调整扁平片材挤压模具的槽宽度的程序。通过确定特定HUD片材厚度分布的需要的精整片材厚度目标,可以产生各种厚度的特征,以便满足各种应用要求和HUD系统要求。
例2
使用例1所披露的方法,生产具有图A所示厚度分布的PVB幅面料,它具有在表1中进一步限定的尺寸和楔角。在内部分割位置上将该幅面料分割开,并且卷绕成两个独立的卷。这两个独立的卷是关于所述内部分割位置非对称的,并且在A1和A2宽度和平均厚度、平坦区、B1和B2宽度和平均厚度,楔形区,C1和C2宽度,平均厚度和楔角方面是不同的。
                        表1
 宽度(inches/cm) 平均厚度(mils/mm) 楔角(毫弧度)
 A1  49.5/126 37.9/963
 A2  44.5/113 36.2/919
 B1  17/43 41.2/1046
 B2  16/41 39.0/991
 C1  32.5/83 36.2/919 0.29
 C2  28.5/72 35.8/909 0.24
图A

Claims (15)

1.一种用于制造透明粘性中间层(16)的自支承式粘性片材的连续幅面料(10),它包括:(a)横过其始于该幅面料的中心并且沿两个方向朝向该幅面料的外侧边缘延伸的至少20%的宽度具有均匀厚度分布的区域,和(b)两个具有可变厚度分布的区域,从该幅面料的外侧边缘到位于该幅面料中心的具有均匀厚度的区域的厚度是增加的,以便通过在具有均匀厚度的区域分割该幅面料,可以获得各自具有至少20%均匀厚度的区域的两片片材。
2.如权利要求1所述的自支承式粘性片材的连续幅面料,其中,所述材料是聚乙烯醇缩丁醛。
3.如权利要求2所述的自支承式粘性片材的连续幅面料,其中,所述楔形厚度分布具有0.1-1.0毫弧度的楔角。
4.如权利要求2所述的自支承式粘性片材的连续幅面料,其中,所述均匀厚度为380-2286微米。
5.一种用于平视显示器(HUD)系统的车辆风挡,包括其间夹有透明的粘性中间层(16)的外侧玻璃片材(12)和内侧玻璃片材(14),其特征在于,横过从所述中间层顶部边缘开始并且延伸到所述显示器的图像区域的至少20%的区域,还具有均匀厚度分布(18,20),并且具有通过所述图像区域延伸到所述中间层底部边缘的预定的楔形厚度分布(20,22)。
6.如权利要求5所述的风挡,其中,所述中间层(16)是聚乙烯醇缩丁醛。
7.如权利要求6所述的风挡,其中,所述楔形厚度分布(22,22)具有0.1-1.0毫弧度的楔角。
8.一种用于制备透明的粘性中间层(16)的方法,该方法包括以下步骤:
(a)通过可调整的挤压模具挤出增塑的聚乙烯醇缩丁醛组合物,以便提供粘性片材的幅面料(10);
(b)对幅面料(10)进行骤冷处理;其特征在于,还包括以下步骤:
(c)在其中点处或靠近其中点分割所述幅面料(10);和
(d)将所述分割的幅面料卷绕到独立的卷筒上,并且其中,所述模具提供了自支承式材料的连续幅面料,横过沿该幅面料中心延伸的至少20%的该幅面料区域具有均匀的厚度分布,以及其厚度从所述具有均匀厚度的区域向所述幅面料的边缘降低的楔形厚度分布。
9.如权利要求8所述的方法,其中,所述楔形厚度分布具有0.1-1.0毫弧度的楔角。
10.如权利要求8所述的方法,其中,所述均匀厚度为380-2286微米。
11.一种用于制造透明粘性中间层的自支承式粘性片材的连续幅面料,它包括:(a)横过其从幅面料的边缘向中心延伸的至少20%的宽度具有均匀厚度分布的两个区域,使得该幅面料包括非均匀厚度的区域,以便通过在非均匀厚度的区域中分割该幅面料可以提供各自具有至少20%的均匀厚度区域的两片片材,和(b)具有非均匀厚度分布的区域,其中幅面料的厚度在该幅面料中心处或靠近该幅面料中心开始连续增加,并且是在两个边缘的方向上,沿着幅面料的边缘向具有均匀厚度的区域线性增加,其中,在具有均匀厚度的区域和具有非均匀厚度的区域相交的每一个接合处形成一个顶点,并且其中,所述顶点可以是弯曲的,以便在对所述顶点进行物理检查时检测不到尖锐的边缘。
12.如权利要求11所述的连续幅面料,其中,所述幅面料的厚度从幅面料中心向边缘以不同的速率增加,以便获得非对称的幅面料厚度分布。
13.一种用于制造透明粘性中间层的自支承式粘性片材的连续幅面料,它包括:(a)横过其从幅面料的边缘向中心延伸的至少20%的宽度具有均匀厚度分布的两个区域,以便通过在其外边缘之间的中点处或靠近该中点分割该幅面料,可以获得各自具有至少20%的均匀厚度区域的两片片材,和(b)具有非均匀厚度分布的区域,其中,该幅面料的厚度是以非线性的方式连续增加的,在所述幅面料中心处或靠近该中心开始,并且沿两个边缘的方向朝向具有均匀厚度的区域增加,其中,在具有均匀厚度的区域和具有非均匀厚度的区域相交的每一个接合处以及在所述幅面料最薄的接合处形成顶点,并且其中,所述顶点可以是弯曲的,以便在对所述顶点进行物理检查时检测不到尖锐的边缘。
14.一种用于制造透明粘性中间层的自支承式粘性片材的一次切割的连续幅面料,包括(a)横过从幅面料的一个边缘向中心延伸的其至少20%的宽度具有均匀厚度分布的区域,和(b)具有非均匀厚度分布的区域,其厚度从该幅面料相对的边缘开始增加,并且是沿具有均匀厚度的区域的方向增加的。
15.如权利要求4所述的连续幅面料,其中,所述片材在具有均匀厚度的区域中具有逐渐转化的色带。
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US7700179B2 (en) 2010-04-20
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