CN102458387B - 用于治疗cmt及相关病症的新组合物 - Google Patents
用于治疗cmt及相关病症的新组合物 Download PDFInfo
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- CN102458387B CN102458387B CN201080024444.9A CN201080024444A CN102458387B CN 102458387 B CN102458387 B CN 102458387B CN 201080024444 A CN201080024444 A CN 201080024444A CN 102458387 B CN102458387 B CN 102458387B
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Abstract
本发明涉及用于治疗沙-马-图病(Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease)和相关疾病的组合物和方法。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及用于治疗沙-马-图病(Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease)和相关病症的组合物和方法。
背景技术
沙-马-图病(“CMT”)是一种遗传性外周多发性孤儿神经病。约2500个体中有1人患有这种疾病,它是外周神经系统最常见的遗传性病症。它的发作典型地出现在生命的第一或第二个十年中,尽管在婴儿期也可以检测到它。疾病过程是慢性的,具有逐渐的神经肌肉变性。在伴随有神经痛和极度肌无力的病例中,疾病可造成残废。CMT是研究得最深入的遗传病之一,在法国使用了大约30,000个病例。尽管大多数CMT患者带有含有髓磷脂基因PMP22的17号染色体片段的重复(CMT1A形式),但有两打以上的基因与不同形式的CMT相关。因此,尽管起源是单基因的,但由于可能的调节基因,该疾病表现出临床异质性。CMT患者中突变的基因,簇集在紧密关联的影响施旺细胞或神经元的分化、或在外周神经中改变这些细胞的相互作用的分子途径周围。
挖掘公用数据,描述CMT1A疾病的分子机制和病理表现,允许我们对几个功能性细胞组件——PMP22基因的转录调控、PMP22蛋白的折叠/降解、施旺细胞的增殖和凋亡、神经元死亡、细胞外基质的沉积和重塑,免疫应答——作为CMT相关治疗性干预的潜在合理的靶,按优先顺序进行排列。这些失调控的功能性组件对沙-马-图病的病理表现的发生和发展的组合影响,为组合CMT疗法的潜在效能提供了证明。
国际专利申请n°PCT/EP2008/066457描述了通过建立病理的动态模型并靶向与CMT疾病的调控相关的功能性细胞途径,来鉴定用于沙-马-图病治疗的药物候选物的方法。
国际专利申请n°PCT/EP2008/066468描述了用于治疗沙-马-图病的组合物,其包含选自多种药物候选物的至少两种化合物。
发明概述
本发明的目的是提供用于治疗CMT和相关病症的新的治疗药剂组合。因此,本发明涉及使用特定药物组合治疗CMT和相关病症、特别是中毒性神经病和肌萎缩性侧索硬化症的组合物和方法。
更具体来说,本发明的一个目的涉及包含巴氯芬、山梨糖醇以及选自毛果芸香碱、甲巯咪唑、米非司酮、纳曲酮、雷帕霉素、氟比洛芬和酮洛芬的化合物、他们的盐或前体药物,用于同时、分别或相继给药于哺乳动物对象。
本发明的具体目的涉及包含巴氯芬、山梨糖醇和纳曲酮的组合物,其用于同时、分别或相继给药于哺乳动物对象。
本发明的另一个目的涉及包含(a)雷帕霉素、(b)米非司酮或纳曲酮以及(c)PMP22调节剂的组合物,其用于同时、分别或相继给药于哺乳动物对象。
在具体实施方案中,PMP22调节剂选自乙酰唑胺、沙丁胺醇、阿米洛利、氨鲁米特、胺碘酮、氨曲南、巴氯芬、巴柳氮、甜菜碱、氨基甲酰甲基胆碱、比卡鲁胺、溴隐亭、布美他尼、丁螺环酮、卡巴胆碱、卡马西平、卡比马唑、西维美林、环丙沙星、可乐定、姜黄素、环孢菌素A、地西泮、双氯芬酸、地诺前列酮、双硫仑、D-山梨糖醇、度他雄胺、雌二醇、依西美坦、非尔氨酯、非诺贝特、非那雄胺、氟马西尼、氟硝西泮、氟比洛芬、呋塞米、加巴喷丁、加兰他敏、氟哌啶醇、布洛芬、异丙肾上腺素、酮康唑、酮洛芬、L-肉毒碱、碘塞罗宁(T3)、锂、氯沙坦、洛沙平、美洛昔康、异丙喘宁、间羟胺、二甲双胍、醋甲胆碱、甲巯咪唑、甲基麦角新碱、美托洛尔、美替拉酮、咪康唑、米非司酮、纳多洛尔、纳洛酮、纳曲酮;诺氟沙星、喷他佐辛、苯氧苄胺、丁酸苯酯、毛果芸香碱、匹格列酮、哌唑嗪、丙基硫尿嘧啶、雷洛昔芬、雷帕霉素、利福平、辛伐他汀、螺内酯、他克莫司、他莫昔芬、海藻糖、曲洛司坦、丙戊酸及其盐或前体药物。
本发明的另一个目的是包含雷帕霉素和米非司酮的组合物,其用于同时、分别或相继给药于哺乳动物对象。
本发明的另一个目的是如上所公开的组合物,其还包含一种或几种可药用赋形剂或载体(即药物组合物)。
本发明的另一个目的涉及如上所公开的组合物,其用于治疗CMT或相关病症。
本发明的另一个目的涉及使用如上公开的化合物的组合,用于制造治疗CMT或相关病症的药物。
本发明的另一个目的是用于治疗CMT或相关病症的方法,所述方法包含向需要的对象给药有效量的如上定义的组合物。
本发明的另一个目的是制备药物组合物的方法,所述方法包含将上述化合物混合在适合的赋形剂或载体中。
本发明的另一个具体目的是在对象中治疗CMT1a的方法,所述方法包含向需要的对象给药有效量的如上公开的化合物或化合物组合。
本发明的另一个具体目的是在对象中治疗中毒性神经病的方法,所述方法包含向需要的对象给药有效量的如上公开的化合物或化合物组合。
本发明的另一个具体目的是在对象中治疗中ALS的方法,所述方法包含向需要的对象给药有效量的如上公开的化合物或化合物组合。
本文中公开的各种应用或治疗方法中的任一项,还可以包括将患者诊断为患有CMT或相关病症特别是CMT1A,或将个体鉴定为具有发生CMT或相关病症特别是CMT1A的风险的任选步骤。
就此而言,本发明的另一个目的是治疗CMT、特别是CMT1a的方法,所述方法包含(1)评估对象是否患有CMT、特别是CMT1a,以及(2)用有效量的上述化合物的组合治疗患有CMT、特别是CMT1a的对象。确定对象是否患有CMT、特别是CMT1a,可以通过本技术领域中本身已知的各种测试例如DNA测定法来进行。
本发明可用于在任何哺乳动物对象、特别是人类对象中治疗CMT或相关病症,更优选为CMT1a。
附图说明
图1.药物组合的协同效应,剂量1:A)混合物7(剂量1,第10日),B)d-山梨糖醇(SRB,500μM,第10日),C)(R/S)-巴氯芬(BCL,5μM,第10日)和D)纳曲酮(NTX,5μM,第10日)对MBP表达的影响。*:p<0.05:与对照(=抗环血酸)显著差异(单向ANOVA然后进行Fisher事后检验);ns:无统计学差异
图2.药物组合的协同效应,剂量6:A)混合物7(剂量6,第10日),B)SRB(160μM,第10日),C)BCL(1.6nM,第10日)和D)NTX(1.6nM,第10日)对MBP表达的影响。*:p<0.05:与对照(=抗环血酸)显著差异(单向ANOVA然后进行Fisher事后检验);ns:无统计学差异
图3.在PMP22 TG共培养物中与抗环血酸共温育的A)第10日和B)第11日,混合物7(7种剂量)对MBP表达的正效应,以对照(=抗环血酸)的百分率表示。单向Anova然后进行Fisher事后检验。
图4.使用杆试验测量的用混合物1处理3和6周对雄性大鼠的影响。等待时间用试验的前两次测定的平均值度量(白色条表示用安慰剂处理的对照大鼠;黑色条表示用安慰剂处理的转基因大鼠;灰色条表示用混合物1处理的转基因大鼠。**p<0.01。统计使用Student双向检验来实现)。
图5.用混合物1组合物处理3和6周(分别为左图和右图)对雄性大鼠步态的正效应(白色条表示流畅步态;灰色条表示不流畅步态;黑色条表示大鼠具有严重的行走失能。统计使用Student双向检验来实现)。
图6.使用斜面试验(25°),大鼠中混合物1组合物对雄性大鼠的正效应。在处理3、6、9和12周后对大鼠进行检查(白色条表示用安慰剂处理的对照大鼠;黑色条表示用安慰剂处理的转基因大鼠;灰色条表示用混合物1处理的转基因大鼠。*p<0.05。统计使用Student双向检验来实现)。
图7.使用斜面试验(25°),在大鼠中用混合物2组合物处理3周后对雌性大鼠的正效应(白色条表示用安慰剂处理的对照大鼠;黑色条表示用安慰剂处理的转基因大鼠;灰色条表示用混合物2处理的转基因大鼠。**p<0.01。统计使用Student双向检验来实现)。
图8.在奥沙利铂诱导的神经病后,混合物1对雄性大鼠的保护效应(白色条表示用安慰剂处理的野生型大鼠;黑色条表示用参比产品加巴喷丁处理的野生型大鼠;灰色条表示用混合物1处理的野生型大鼠。*p<0.05;**p<0.01。统计使用Student双向检验来实现)。
图9.在用混合物7-剂量3处理9周后观察到的在处理的转基因动物中与PMP22转基因大鼠相比pmp22 RNA表达的显著降低(MPZ作为参比基因,Sereda等,1996)(p=0.0015)。转基因的整合和pmp22基因的过表达也已被证实;转基因PMP22大鼠中pmp22 RNA与其野生型同窝仔畜对照相比过表达1.8倍(p<1.10-4)。在16周龄的雄性大鼠的坐骨神经上进行pmp22 RNA提取(对于野生型来说n=18,对于转基因大鼠来说n=20,对于使用混合物7-剂量3处理的TG来说n=18)。统计分析使用Welch t-检验来进行。
图10.对35°下的斜面试验分值进行聚类分析,以分配到在所有评估的时间点时(处理3、6和9周在一起进行分析)的不良、中等和练好表现类别。在WT和TG安慰剂之间观察到显著差异:68%的WT属于良好表现组,而只有5%的TG安慰剂属于该组(p=0.0003)。混合物7-剂量2和剂量3改进了TG大鼠的表现。通过以5%显著性水平应用趋势检验来进行统计分析(对于WT安慰剂大鼠来说n=18,对于TG安慰剂大鼠来说n=20,对于混合物7-剂量2处理的TG来说n=17,对于混合物7-剂量3处理的TG来说n=18)。
图11.使用采用夹心方差估计的Cox模型分析了用混合物7-剂量3处理9周后TG大鼠在杆试验中的跌落等待时间,并通过以5%显著性水平使用时序检验与参比的TG安慰剂组进行比较。在处理9周后混合物7-剂量3显著增加了TG大鼠的跌落等待时间。
图12.在处理后的所有时间范围内(3、6和9周),使用采用夹心方差估计的Cox模型对野生型组、转基因安慰剂组和用混合物7-剂量3每日处理共9周的转基因动物组的抓握力量进行建模,并通过以5%显著性水平使用时序检验与参比的TG安慰剂组进行比较。相应的p-值显示在Kaplan-Meier曲线上。观察到了转基因安慰剂大鼠(黑色素线,n=21)与WT大鼠(灰色素线,p=1.45.10-5,n=19)相比前爪抓握力量的显著降低。用混合物7-剂量3处理显著增加了前爪的力量(黑色虚线,p=0.03,n=18)。
图13.Pearson相关性检验显示出杆试验中的跌落等待时间(在处理9周后)与pmp22 RNA表达水平之间的显著相关性:p=1.6.10-4(WT、TG安慰剂和混合物7-剂量3处理的TG在一起进行分析);p=0.07(TG安慰剂和混合物7-剂量3处理的TG在一起进行分析)。pmp22 RNA表达越低,杆试验表现越好。雄性大鼠为16周龄(对于WT大鼠来说n=18,白色圆圈;对于TG安慰剂来说n=20,黑色圆圈;对于混合物7-剂量3处理的TG来说n=18,白色三角形)。
图14.Pearson相关性检验显示出杆试验中的跌落等待时间(在处理9周后)与敏感神经的传导速度(NCV)之间的显著相关性:p=1.34.10-6(WT、TG安慰剂和混合物7-剂量3处理的TG在一起进行分析);p=0.04(TG安慰剂和混合物7-剂量3处理的TG在一起进行分析)。传导速度越高,杆试验中的表现越好。雄性大鼠为16周龄(对于WT大鼠来说n=18,白色圆圈;对于TG安慰剂来说n=20,黑色圆圈;对于混合物7-剂量3处理的TG来说n=18,白色三角形)。
发明详述
本发明提供了用于治疗CMT或相关病症的新的治疗方法。本发明公开了新的药物组合,其允许这种疾病的有效矫正并可以用于任何哺乳动物对象。
在本发明的背景内,CMT包括CMT1A、CMT1B、CMT1C、CMT1D、CMT1X、CMT2A、CMT2B、CMT2D、CMT2E、CMT2-P0、CMT4A、CMT4B1、CMT4B2、CMT4D、CMT4F、CMT4或AR-CMT2A,更优选为CMT1a。
在本发明的背景内,术语“CMT相关病症”是指与引起髓鞘形成异常和神经元丧失的PMP22异常表达相关的其他疾病。更具体来说,“CMT相关病症”是指阿茨海默氏病(AD),AD型老年痴呆症(SDAT),帕金森氏症,路易体痴呆,血管性痴呆,孤独症,轻度认知病症(MCI),增龄性记忆病症(AAMI)以及与衰老相关的问题,脑炎后帕金森氏症,精神分裂症,抑郁症,双相病症和其他情绪病症,亨廷顿舞蹈症,运动神经元疾病包括肌萎缩侧索硬化(ALS),多发性硬化症,特发性神经病,糖尿病性神经病,中毒性神经病包括由药物治疗诱导的神经病,由HIV、辐射、重金属和维生素缺乏状态引起的神经病,基于朊病毒的神经变性,包括克罗伊茨费尔特-雅各布病(CJD)、牛海绵状脑病(BSE)、GSS、FFI、库鲁病和Alper’s综合征。
在优选实施方案中,“CMT相关病症”是指中毒性神经病、特别是药物诱导的神经病,或ALS。
在本文中使用时,疾病的“治疗”包括治疗、防止、预防、阻滞或减轻由疾病引起的疼痛。术语治疗特别包括控制疾病的发展和相关症状。
此外,术语化合物是指在本申请中具体命名的化学化合物,以及任何带有其可接受的盐、水合物、酯、醚、异构体、消旋体、偶联物和前体药物的药物组合物。本申请中列出的化合物也可以用其相应的CAS号识别。
因此,在本发明中使用的优选化合物是巴氯芬(CAS 1134-47-0)及其可能的盐、对映异构体、消旋体、前体药物和衍生物;山梨糖醇(CAS50-70-4)及其可能的盐、对映异构体、消旋体、前体药物和衍生物;纳曲酮(CAS 16590-41-3)及其可能的盐、对映异构体、消旋体、前体药物和衍生物;米非司酮(CAS 84371-65-3)及其可能的盐、对映异构体、消旋体、前体药物和衍生物;毛果芸香碱(CAS 54-71-7)及其可能的盐、对映异构体、消旋体、前体药物和衍生物;甲巯咪唑(CAS 60-56-0)及其可能的盐、对映异构体、消旋体、前体药物和衍生物;酮洛芬(CAS22071-15-4)及其可能的盐、对映异构体、消旋体、前体药物和衍生物;氟比洛芬(5104-49-4)及其可能的盐、对映异构体、消旋体、前体药物和衍生物,以及雷帕霉素(CAS 53123-88-9)及其可能的盐、对映异构体、消旋体、前体药物和衍生物。
在本发明中使用的其他化合物是乙酰唑胺(CAS 59-66-5)及其可能的盐、对映异构体、前体药物和衍生物;沙丁胺醇(CAS 18559-94-9)及其可能的盐、对映异构体、前体药物和衍生物;阿米洛利(CAS2016-88-8)及其可能的盐、对映异构体、前体药物和衍生物;氨鲁米特(CAS 125-84-8)及其可能的盐、对映异构体、前体药物和衍生物;胺碘酮(CAS 1951-25-3)及其可能的盐、对映异构体、前体药物和衍生物;氨曲南(CAS 78110-38-0)及其可能的盐、对映异构体、前体药物和衍生物;巴氯芬(CAS 1134-47-0)及其可能的盐、对映异构体、前体药物和衍生物;巴柳氮(CAS 80573-04-2)及其可能的盐、对映异构体、前体药物和衍生物;甜菜碱(CAS 107-43-7)及其可能的盐、对映异构体、前体药物和衍生物;氨基甲酰甲基胆碱(CAS 674-38-4)及其可能的盐、对映异构体、前体药物和衍生物;比卡鲁胺(CAS 90357-06-5)及其可能的盐、对映异构体、前体药物和衍生物;溴隐亭(CAS25614-03-3)及其可能的盐、对映异构体、前体药物和衍生物;布美他尼(CAS 28395-03-1)及其可能的盐、对映异构体、前体药物和衍生物;丁螺环酮(CAS 36505-84-7)及其可能的盐、对映异构体、前体药物和衍生物;卡巴胆碱(CAS 51-83-2)及其可能的盐、对映异构体、前体药物和衍生物;卡马西平(CAS 298-46-4)及其可能的盐、对映异构体、前体药物和衍生物;卡比马唑(CAS 22232-54-8)及其可能的盐、对映异构体、前体药物和衍生物;西维美林(CAS 107233-08-9)及其可能的盐、对映异构体、前体药物和衍生物;环丙沙星(CAS 85721-33-1)及其可能的盐、对映异构体、前体药物和衍生物;可乐定(CAS4205-90-7)及其可能的盐、对映异构体、前体药物和衍生物;姜黄素(CAS458-37-7)及其可能的盐、对映异构体、前体药物和衍生物;环孢菌素A(CAS 59865-13-3)及其可能的盐、对映异构体、前体药物和衍生物;地西泮(CAS 439-14-5)及其可能的盐、对映异构体、前体药物和衍生物;双氯芬酸(CAS 15307-86-5)及其可能的盐、对映异构体、前体药物和衍生物;地诺前列酮(CAS 363-24-6)及其可能的盐、对映异构体、前体药物和衍生物;双硫仑(CAS 97-77-8)及其可能的盐、对映异构体、前体药物和衍生物;D-山梨糖醇(CAS 50-70-4)及其可能的盐、对映异构体、前体药物和衍生物;度他雄胺(CAS 164656-23-9)及其可能的盐、对映异构体、前体药物和衍生物;雌二醇(CAS 50-28-2)及其可能的盐、对映异构体、前体药物和衍生物;依西美坦(CAS107868-30-4)及其可能的盐、对映异构体、前体药物和衍生物;非尔氨酯(CAS 25451-15-4)及其可能的盐、对映异构体、前体药物和衍生物;非诺贝特(CAS 49562-28-9)及其可能的盐、对映异构体、前体药物和衍生物;非那雄胺(CAS 98319-26-7)及其可能的盐、对映异构体、前体药物和衍生物;氟马西尼(CAS 78755-81-4)及其可能的盐、对映异构体、前体药物和衍生物;氟硝西泮(CAS 1622-62-4)及其可能的盐、对映异构体、前体药物和衍生物;氟比洛芬(CAS 5104-49-4)及其可能的盐、对映异构体、前体药物和衍生物;呋塞米(CAS 54-31-9)及其可能的盐、对映异构体、前体药物和衍生物;加巴喷丁(CAS60142-96-3)及其可能的盐、对映异构体、前体药物和衍生物;加兰他敏(CAS 357-70-0)及其可能的盐、对映异构体、前体药物和衍生物;氟哌啶醇(CAS 52-86-8)及其可能的盐、对映异构体、前体药物和衍生物;布洛芬(CAS 15687-27-1)及其可能的盐、对映异构体、前体药物和衍生物;异丙肾上腺素(CAS 7683-59-2)及其可能的盐、对映异构体、前体药物和衍生物;酮康唑(CAS 65277-42-1)及其可能的盐、对映异构体、前体药物和衍生物;酮洛芬(CAS 22071-15-4)及其可能的盐、对映异构体、前体药物和衍生物;L-肉毒碱(CAS 541-15-1)及其可能的盐、对映异构体、前体药物和衍生物;碘塞罗宁(T3)(CAS6893-02-3)及其可能的盐、对映异构体、前体药物和衍生物;锂(CAS7439-93-2)及其可能的盐、对映异构体、前体药物和衍生物;氯沙坦(CAS114798-26-4)及其可能的盐、对映异构体、前体药物和衍生物;洛沙平(CAS 1977-10-2)及其可能的盐、对映异构体、前体药物和衍生物;美洛昔康(CAS 71125-38-7)及其可能的盐、对映异构体、前体药物和衍生物;异丙喘宁(CAS 586-06-1)及其可能的盐、对映异构体、前体药物和衍生物;间羟胺(CAS 54-49-9)及其可能的盐、对映异构体、前体药物和衍生物;二甲双胍(CAS 657-24-9)及其可能的盐、对映异构体、前体药物和衍生物;醋甲胆碱(CAS 55-92-5)及其可能的盐、对映异构体、前体药物和衍生物;甲巯咪唑(CAS 60-56-0)及其可能的盐、对映异构体、前体药物和衍生物;甲基麦角新碱(CAS 113-42-8)及其可能的盐、对映异构体、前体药物和衍生物;美托洛尔(CAS37350-58-6)及其可能的盐、对映异构体、前体药物和衍生物;美替拉酮(CAS 54-36-4)及其可能的盐、对映异构体、前体药物和衍生物;咪康唑(CAS 22916-47-8)及其可能的盐、对映异构体、前体药物和衍生物;米非司酮(CAS 84371-65-3)及其可能的盐、对映异构体、前体药物和衍生物;纳多洛尔(CAS 42200-33-9)及其可能的盐、对映异构体、前体药物和衍生物;纳洛酮(CAS 465-65-6)及其可能的盐、对映异构体、前体药物和衍生物;纳曲酮(CAS 16590-41-3)及其可能的盐、对映异构体、前体药物和衍生物;诺氟沙星(CAS 70458-96-7)及其可能的盐、对映异构体、前体药物和衍生物;喷他佐辛(CAS 359-83-1)及其可能的盐、对映异构体、前体药物和衍生物;苯氧苄胺(CAS59-96-1)及其可能的盐、对映异构体、前体药物和衍生物;丁酸苯酯(CAS1821-12-1)及其可能的盐、对映异构体、前体药物和衍生物;毛果芸香碱(CAS 54-71-7)及其可能的盐、对映异构体、前体药物和衍生物;匹格列酮(CAS 111025-46-8)及其可能的盐、对映异构体、前体药物和衍生物;哌唑嗪(CAS 19216-56-9)及其可能的盐、对映异构体、前体药物和衍生物;丙基硫尿嘧啶(CAS 51-52-5)及其可能的盐、对映异构体、前体药物和衍生物;雷洛昔芬(CAS 84449-90-1)及其可能的盐、对映异构体、前体药物和衍生物;雷帕霉素(CAS 53123-88-9)及其可能的盐、对映异构体、前体药物和衍生物;利福平(CAS 13292-46-1)及其可能的盐、对映异构体、前体药物和衍生物;辛伐他汀(CAS79902-63-9)及其可能的盐、对映异构体、前体药物和衍生物;螺内酯(CAS 52-01-7)及其可能的盐、对映异构体、前体药物和衍生物;他克莫司(CAS 104987-11-3)及其可能的盐、对映异构体、前体药物和衍生物;他莫昔芬(CAS 10540-29-1)及其可能的盐、对映异构体、前体药物和衍生物;海藻糖(CAS 99-20-7)及其可能的盐、对映异构体、前体药物和衍生物;曲洛司坦(CAS 13647-35-3)及其可能的盐、对映异构体、前体药物和衍生物;丙戊酸(CAS 99-66-1)及其可能的盐、对映异构体、前体药物和衍生物。
术语“组合”是指将几种药物共同给药于对象以引起生物学效应的处理方法。在组合疗法中,药物可以一起或分开、同时或相继给药。此外,药物也可以通过不同的途径或方案给药。
现在,本发明公开为CMT提供有效治疗的具体药物组合的鉴定和活性。更具体来说,本发明公开了新的三元组合,其在体外和体内提供了对CMT或相关病症的显著影响。
就此而言,本发明涉及组合物,其包含巴氯芬、山梨糖醇以及选自毛果芸香碱、甲巯咪唑、米非司酮、纳曲酮、雷帕霉素、氟比洛芬和酮洛芬的化合物,以及他们的盐、对映异构体、消旋体或前体药物。
更具体来说,本发明涉及组合物,其包含巴氯芬、山梨糖醇以及选自毛果芸香碱、甲巯咪唑、米非司酮、纳曲酮和酮洛芬的化合物。
在最优选实施方案中,本发明涉及包含纳曲酮、巴氯芬和山梨糖醇的组合物,其用于同时、分别或相继给药于哺乳动物对象。
优选情况下,在上述组合物中,山梨糖醇是D-山梨糖醇,巴氯芬是RS-巴氯芬或S-巴氯芬、更优选为RS-巴氯芬。
本发明的另一个优选目标涉及组合物,其包含:
(a)雷帕霉素,
(b)米非司酮或纳曲酮,以及
(c)PMP22调节剂,
用于同时、分别或相继给药于哺乳动物对象。
本发明的另一个优选目的是组合物,其包含:
(a)雷帕霉素,
(b)米非司酮,以及
(c)PMP22调节剂,
用于同时、分别或相继给药于哺乳动物对象。
PMP22调节剂可以是调节细胞内PMP22途径并在本质上引起或有助于髓磷脂组织的正常化和/或神经元丧失的抑制的任何化合物。PMP22调节剂可以选自乙酰唑胺、沙丁胺醇、阿米洛利、氨鲁米特、胺碘酮、氨曲南、巴氯芬、巴柳氮、甜菜碱、氨基甲酰甲基胆碱、比卡鲁胺、溴隐亭、布美他尼、丁螺环酮、卡巴胆碱、卡马西平、卡比马唑、西维美林、环丙沙星、可乐定、姜黄素、环孢菌素A、地西泮、双氯芬酸、地诺前列酮、双硫仑、D-山梨糖醇、度他雄胺、雌二醇、依西美坦、非尔氨酯、非诺贝特、非那雄胺、氟马西尼、氟硝西泮、氟比洛芬、呋塞米、加巴喷丁、加兰他敏、氟哌啶醇、布洛芬、异丙肾上腺素、酮康唑、酮洛芬、L-肉毒碱、碘塞罗宁(T3)、锂、氯沙坦、洛沙平、美洛昔康、异丙喘宁、间羟胺、二甲双胍、醋甲胆碱、甲巯咪唑、甲基麦角新碱、美托洛尔、美替拉酮、咪康唑、米非司酮、纳多洛尔、纳洛酮、纳曲酮;诺氟沙星、喷他佐辛、苯氧苄胺、丁酸苯酯、毛果芸香碱、匹格列酮、哌唑嗪、丙基硫尿嘧啶、雷洛昔芬、雷帕霉素、利福平、辛伐他汀、螺内酯、他克莫司、他莫昔芬、海藻糖、曲洛司坦、丙戊酸,及其盐或前体药物。
在优选实施方案中,化合物(c)选自毛果芸香碱、甲巯咪唑和巴氯芬。就此而言,本发明的最优选组合物包含:
(a)雷帕霉素,
(b)米非司酮,以及
(c)选自毛果芸香碱、甲巯咪唑和巴氯芬的化合物,
用于同时、分别或相继给药于哺乳动物对象。
这种组合物的具体实例包括包含下列组分的组合物:
-雷帕霉素、米非司酮和毛果芸香碱;
-雷帕霉素、米非司酮和巴氯芬;
-雷帕霉素、米非司酮和甲巯咪唑;或
-雷帕霉素、纳曲酮和甲巯咪唑。
实验部分显示,这些特定药物组合能够在体外有效矫正PMP22表达,以恢复正常的髓鞘形成和神经元完整性,并因此在动物体内改善CMT。结果还显示,这些组合能够保护动物免于化疗诱导的神经病。因此,这些组合物可用于阻止或减轻化疗诱导的神经病,从而使患者能够接受更长期的化疗。
本发明的另一个目的是组合物,其包含纳曲酮、巴氯芬以及如上定义的其他不同PMP22抑制剂。
本发明的另一个目的是如上公开的组合物,其还包含一种或几种可药用赋形剂或载体(即药物组合物)。
本发明的另一个目的涉及如上公开的组合物,其用于治疗CMT或相关病症。
本发明的另一个目的涉及如上公开的化合物组合的应用,用于制造治疗CMT或相关病症的药物。
本发明的另一个目的是用于治疗CMT或相关病症的方法,所述方法包含向需要的对象给药有效量的如上定义的组合物。
本发明的另一个目的是制备药物组合物的方法,所述方法包含将上述化合物混合在适合的赋形剂或载体中。
本发明的一个更具体的目的是在对象中治疗CMT1a的方法,所述方法包含向需要的对象给药有效量的如上公开的化合物或化合物组合。
本发明的另一个具体目的是在对象中治疗中毒性神经病的方法,所述方法包含向需要的对象给药有效量的如上公开的化合物或化合物组合。
本发明的另一个具体目的是在对象中治疗ALS的方法,所述方法包含向需要的对象给药有效量的如上公开的化合物或化合物组合。
本发明的疗法可以作为药物组合进行,和/或与任何其他疗法联合进行。它可以在家、医生办公室、诊所、医院门诊部或医院提供,以便医生可以密切观察疗法的效果,并作出任何需要的调整。
疗法的持续时间取决于所治疗疾病的阶段、患者的年龄和状况以及患者对治疗的响应如何。
此外,发生其他神经病性疾病的风险较高的人(例如对例如糖尿病具有遗传易感性或患有糖尿病的人,或正在进行肿瘤病症的治疗的人等),可以接受预防性治疗,以缓解或延迟最终的神经病性响应。
组合中每种组分的给药剂量、频率和方式可以独立地进行控制。例如,一种药物可以口服,而第二种药物可以肌肉内给药。组合疗法可以包括休息期的断续循环的方式进行,以便患者的身体有机会从任何尚未预见到的副作用中恢复。药物也可以配制到一起,以便一次给药递送这两种药物。
药物组合物的制剂
组合的每种药物的给药可以通过任何适合的方式进行,使得与其他组分组合后,药物的浓度能够改善患者的状况(其可以例如在体外根据在到达外周神经后对PMP22的表达升高的影响来确定)。
尽管组合中的活性成分可以作为纯的化学物质给药,但优选情况下将它们作为药物组合物提供,在本文中也称为药物制剂。可能的组合物包括适合于口服、直肠、表面(包括透皮、颊和舌下)或肠胃外(包括皮下、肌肉内、静脉内和真皮内)给药的组合物。
更通常情况下,这些药物制剂以含有多个剂量单位的“患者包”的形式,或其他用于将不同治疗时期内使用的计量单位药剂放置在单个包装、通常为泡罩包装中给药的方式,开给患者。患者包与药剂师从大包装药剂供应品中分出患者的药物供应品的传统处方药相比,其优点在于患者总是能够得到患者包中包含的包装说明书,它在传统处方药中一般是没有的。包含包装说明书已被显示出能够提高患者对医生指令的顺从性。因此,本发明还包括本文前述的药物制剂与适合用于所述制剂的包装材料的组合。在这样的患者包中,用于组合治疗的制剂的预期使用方法,可以从说明书、设备、供应品、适应症和/或其他帮助使用制剂最适合地用于治疗的手段,推断出来。这样的措施使得患者包特别适合并可改造以适用于以本发明的组合进行的治疗。
药物可以任何适合的量包含在任何适合的载体物质中,并可以组合物总重量的重量计1-99%的量存在。组合物可以提供在适合于口服、肠胃外(例如静脉内,肌肉内)、直肠、皮肤、鼻、阴道、吸入、皮肤(贴片)或眼给药途径的剂型中。因此,组合物可以采取例如片剂、胶囊、丸剂、粉剂、颗粒剂、悬液、乳液、溶液、凝胶包括水凝胶、糊剂、软膏、油膏、膏药、浸液、渗透性递送装置、栓剂、灌肠剂、注射剂、植入物、喷剂或气溶胶的形式。
药物组合物可以按照常规的药物实践进行配制(参见例如《Remington:药物科学与实践》(第20版)(Remington:The Scienceand Practice of Pharmacy(20th ed.)),A.R.Gennaro主编,LippincottWilliams & Wilkins,2000,以及《制药技术百科》(Encyclopedia ofPharmaceutical Technology),J.Swarbrick和J.C.Boylan主编,1988-1999,Marcel Dekker,New York)。
本发明的药物组合物可以配制成在给药后基本上立刻、或在给药后任何预定的时间或时期释放出活性药物。
受控释放制剂包括(i)在体内在较长时间段内产生基本上恒定的药物浓度的制剂;(ii)在预定的延迟时间后在体内在较长时间段内产生基本上恒定的药物浓度的制剂;(iii)通过维持体内相对恒定有效的药物水平并在同时最小化与活性药物物质的血浆浓度波动有关的不想要的副作用,在预定时间段内维持药物作用的制剂;(iv)通过例如将受控释放组合物空间放置在患病组织或器官附近或其中,使药物作用局部化的制剂;以及(v)通过使用载体或化学衍生物将药物递送到特定靶细胞类型而使药物作用定向的制剂。
药物以受控释放制剂的形式给药,在下列情况下是特别优选的,在这些情况中,药物组合地具有(i)狭窄的治疗指数(即产生有害副作用或毒性反应的血浆浓度与产生治疗效果的血浆浓度之间的差异小;一般来说,治疗指数TI被定义为中值致死剂量(LD50)与中值有效剂量(ED50)的比率);(ii)在胃肠道中狭窄的吸收窗口;或(iii)非常短的生物学半衰期,使得在一天之内必需频繁用药才能将血浆水平维持在治疗水平。
可以按照多种策略中的任一种来获得其中释放速度超过所讨论药物代谢速度的受控释放。受控释放可以通过适合地选择各种不同的制剂参数和成分,包括例如各种不同类型的受控释放组合物和包衣,来获得。因此,将药物用适合的赋形剂配制成给药后以受控方式释放出药物的药物组合物(单个或多个单位片剂或胶囊组合物、油溶液、悬液、乳液、微胶囊、微球、纳米粒子、贴片和脂质体)。
口服使用的固体剂型
用于口服的制剂包括含有活性成分与无毒性可药用赋形剂的混合物的片剂。这些赋形剂可以是例如惰性稀释剂或填充剂(例如蔗糖、微晶体纤维素、淀粉包括土豆淀粉、碳酸钙、氯化钠、磷酸钙、硫酸钙或磷酸钠);成粒和崩解剂(例如纤维素衍生物包括微晶体纤维素、淀粉包括土豆淀粉、交联羧甲基纤维素钠、藻酸盐或藻酸);黏合剂(例如阿拉伯树胶、藻酸、藻酸钠、明胶、淀粉、预明胶化淀粉、微晶体纤维素、羧甲基纤维素钠、甲基纤维素、羟丙基甲基纤维素、乙基纤维素、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮或聚乙二醇);以及润滑剂、助流剂和抗黏附剂(例如硬脂酸、二氧化硅或滑石粉)。其他的可药用赋形剂可以是着色剂、调味剂、增塑剂、保湿剂、缓冲剂等。
片剂可以是无包衣的,或者它们可以通过已知技术任选地包衣,以延迟在胃肠道中的崩解和吸收,由此在较长时间内提供持续的作用。包衣可以适合于以预定样式释放活性药物物质(例如以便获得受控释放制剂),或者它可以适合于在通过胃之前不释放活性药物物质(肠溶包衣)。包衣可以是糖包衣、薄膜包衣(例如基于羟丙基甲基纤维素、甲基纤维素、甲基羟乙基纤维素、羟丙基纤维素、羧甲基纤维素、丙烯酸共聚物、聚乙二醇和/或聚乙烯吡咯烷酮)或肠溶包衣(例如基于甲基丙烯酸共聚物、邻苯二甲酸乙酸纤维素、邻苯二甲酸羟丙基甲基纤维素、琥珀酸乙酸羟丙基甲基纤维素、聚乙酸乙烯邻苯二甲酸酯、虫胶和/或乙基纤维素)。可以使用时间延迟材料例如单硬脂酸甘油酯或二硬脂酸甘油酯。
固体片剂组合物可以包含适合于保护组合物免于不想要的化学变化(例如活性药物物质释放前的化学降解)的包衣。包衣可以按照与《制药技术百科全书》(Encyclopedia of Pharmaceutical Technology)中描述的相似的方式施加到固体剂型上。
药物可以在片剂中混合在一起,或可以分隔开。例如,第一种药物包含在片剂内部,第二种药物在外部,使得相当部分的第二种药物在第一种药物释放之前释放。
用于口服使用的制剂也可以表现为咀嚼片或作为硬质明胶胶囊,其中活性成分与惰性固体稀释剂(例如土豆淀粉、微晶体纤维素、碳酸钙、磷酸钙或高岭土)混合,或作为软质明胶胶囊,其中活性成分与水或油介质例如液体石蜡或橄榄油混合。粉末和颗粒可以使用上面在片剂和胶囊下提到的成分,以常规方式制备。
口服使用的受控释放组合物,可以构建成例如通过控制活性药物物质的溶解和/或扩散来释放活性药物。
溶解或扩散受控释放,可以通过药物的片剂、胶囊、球粒或颗粒制剂进行适当包衣,或通过将药物掺入适合的基质来实现。受控释放包衣可以包含一种或多种上面提到的包衣物质,和/或例如虫胶、蜂蜡、glycowax、蓖麻蜡、巴西棕榈蜡、硬脂醇、单硬脂酸甘油酯、二硬脂酸甘油酯、棕榈酰硬脂酸甘油酯、乙基纤维素、丙烯酸树脂、dl-聚乳酸、乙酸丁酸纤维素、聚氯乙烯、聚乙酸乙烯酯、乙烯吡咯烷酮、聚乙烯、聚甲基丙烯酸酯、甲基丙烯酸甲酯、2-羟基甲基丙烯酸酯、甲基丙烯酸酯水凝胶、1,3-丁二醇、甲基丙烯酸乙二醇酯、和/或聚乙二醇。在受控释放基质剂型中,基质材料也可以包含例如水合甲基纤维素、巴西棕榈蜡和硬脂醇、丙烯酸聚合物934、硅酮、三硬脂酸甘油酯、丙烯酸甲酯-甲基丙烯酸甲酯、聚氯乙烯、聚乙烯和/或卤代氟烃。
含有要求保护的组合的一种或多种药物的受控释放组合物,也可以采取漂浮片剂或胶囊的形式(即片剂或胶囊在口服后,在胃内含物的顶部漂浮一定时间段)。药物的漂浮片剂制剂,可以通过将药物与赋形剂和20-75%w/w的水凝胶例如羟乙基纤维素、羟丙基纤维素或羟丙基甲基纤维素的混合物成粒来制备。然后可以将获得的颗粒压缩成片剂。当与胃液接触时,片剂在其表面周围形成了基本上不透水的凝胶阻挡层。这种凝胶阻挡层参与了将密度维持在1以下,从而使片剂保持漂浮在胃液中。
口服给药的液体
适合于通过添加水来制备水性悬液的粉末、可分散粉末或颗粒,是用于口服给药的方便的剂型。作为悬液的制剂提供了活性成分与分散或润湿剂、悬浮剂以及一种或多种防腐剂的混合物。适合的悬浮剂是例如羧甲基纤维素钠、甲基纤维素、藻酸钠等。
肠胃外组合物
药物组合物也可以通过以剂型、制剂形式注射、输注或植入(静脉内、肌肉内、皮下等),或通过适合的递送装置或含有常规的无毒可药用载体和佐剂的植入物,进行肠胃外给药。这些组合物的制剂和制备对于药物制剂领域的专业人员来说是公知的。
用于肠胃外使用的组合物可以单位剂型提供(例如在单剂安瓿中),或提供在含有几份药剂的小瓶中,其中可以添加适合的防腐剂(参见下文)。组合物可以采取溶液、悬液、乳液、输注装置或用于植入的递送装置的形式,或者它可以干粉提供,可以在使用前用水或另一种适合的介质重构。除了活性药物之外,组合物可以包含适合的肠胃外可接受的载体和/或赋形剂。活性药物可以掺入到微球、微胶囊、纳米粒子、脂质体等中用于受控释放。组合物可以包含悬浮剂、增溶剂、稳定剂、pH调节剂和/或分散剂。
本发明的药物组合物可以采用适合于无菌注射的形式。为了制备这样的组合物,将适合的活性药物溶解或悬浮在肠胃外可接受的液体介质中。可以使用的可接受介质和溶剂包括水、通过加入适量的盐酸、氢氧化钠或适合的缓冲剂调整到适合的pH的水、1,3-丁二醇、Ringer′s溶液和等渗氯化钠溶液。水性制剂也可以包含一种或多种防腐剂(例如对羟基苯甲酸甲酯、乙酯或正丙酯)。在其中一种药物只能少量或略微溶解在水中的情况下,可以添加溶解增强剂或增溶剂,或溶剂可以包含10-60% w/w的丙二醇等。
受控释放的肠胃外组合物可以采取水性悬液、微球、微胶囊、磁性微球、油溶液、油悬液或乳液的形式。可选地,活性药物可以掺入到可生物相容的载体、脂质体、纳米粒子、植入物或输注装置中。用于制备微球和/或微胶囊的材料是例如可生物降解/可生物侵蚀的聚合物,例如丙交酯乙交酯共聚物、聚(氰基丙烯酸异丁基酯)、聚(2-羟基乙基-L-谷氨酰胺)。在配制受控释放肠胃外制剂时可以使用的可生物相容载体是糖类(例如葡聚糖)、蛋白(例如白蛋白)、脂蛋白或抗体。在植入物中使用的材料可以是不可生物降解的(例如聚二甲亚砜)或可生物降解的(例如(聚己内酯)、聚(羟基乙酸)或聚(原酸酯))。
直肠组合物
对于直肠使用来说,适合用于组合物的剂型包括栓剂(乳剂或悬剂类型)以及直肠明胶胶囊(溶液或悬液)。在典型的栓剂制剂中,活性药物与适合的可药用栓剂基质例如可可脂、酯化脂肪酸、甘油化明胶以及各种不同的水溶性或可分散的基质例如聚乙二醇混合。可以掺入各种不同的添加剂、增强剂或表面活性剂。
经皮和表面组合物
药物组合物也可以在皮肤上表面给药,用于在含有常规的无毒可药用载体和赋形剂的剂型或制剂、包括微球和脂质体中经皮吸收。制剂包括霜剂、软膏、洗剂、搽剂、凝胶、水凝胶、溶液、悬液、黏贴剂、喷雾剂、糊剂、膏药,以及其他种类的透皮药物递送系统。可药用载体或赋形剂可以包含乳化剂、抗氧化剂、缓冲剂、防腐剂、保湿剂、穿透增强剂、螯合剂、成胶剂、软膏基质、香料和皮肤保护剂。
乳化剂可以是天然存在的树胶(例如阿拉伯树胶或黄耆树胶)。
防腐剂、保湿剂、穿透增强剂可以是对羟苯甲酸酯例如对羟基苯甲酸甲酯或丙酯,以及苯扎氯铵、甘油、丙二醇、尿素等。
上面描述的用于在皮肤上表面给药的药物组合物也可用于在待治疗身体部分上或附近表面给药。组合物可以适用于直接施加,或通过特殊的药物递送装置例如敷料或可选的膏药、垫片、海绵、条带或其他形式的适合的柔性材料施加。
治疗剂量和持续时间
应该认识到,组合中的药物可以在相同或不同药物制剂中同时或相继给药。如果相继给药,在第二种(或附加的)活性成分给药时的延迟不应该使活性成分组合的有效效应的益处丧失。对于本说明书的组合来说,最低要求是组合应该预期将活性成分组合的有效效应的益处进行组合应用。组合的目标应用可以由设备、供应品、适应症和/或有助于使用本发明的组合的其他手段推断出来。
治疗有效量的作为本发明的主题的药物可以一起使用来制备药剂,所述药剂可用于降低PMP22基因表达增加的效应,恢复正常的髓鞘形成和神经完整性,阻止或降低发生CMT疾病的风险,一旦CMT疾病变得临床明显后阻止或减缓其发展,以及阻止或降低神经病性事件的初次或后续发生的风险。
尽管本发明的活性药物可以分次剂量给药,例如每天2或3次,但组合中的每种药物每天单次给药是优选的,其中所有药物在单一药物组合物(单位剂型)中每天单次给药是最优选的。
给药可以每天一次到几次,持续几天到几年,甚至可以持续患者终生。在大多数情况下,将要求长期或至少周期性重复地长期给药。
●术语“单位剂型”是指适合作为单一剂量用于人类对象的物理上分离的单位(例如胶囊、片剂或装好的注射器针筒),每个单位含有经计算可以产生所需治疗效果的预定量的活性材料以及所需的药物载体。
优选用于单位剂量的组合中每种药物的量将依赖于几种因素,包括给药方法、患者的体重和年龄、由CMT疾病引起的神经病性损伤的严重性,或鉴于待治疗的人的总体健康状况的潜在副作用的风险。
此外,关于具体患者的药物基因组学(基因型对药物动力学、药效学的影响或治疗药物的效用情况)信息,可以影响使用的剂量。
除了在应对特别伤害性CMT疾病的情况下可能需要较高剂量,或在治疗儿童时应该选择较低剂量之外,组合中的每种药物的优选剂量,一般将在不超出通常为长期维持性治疗所处方的剂量范围或在大型3期临床研究中被证明是安全的剂量范围之内。
例如,
●对于雷帕霉素来说,每天约1至约100μg/kg,典型为1至50μg/kg,例如5至30μg/kg/天之间。
●对于米非司酮来说,每天约1至约300μg/kg,典型为10至200μg/kg,例如10至80μg/kg/天之间。
●对于纳曲酮来说,每天约1至约100μg/kg,典型为1至50μg/Kg,例如1至20μg/kg/天之间。
●对于毛果芸香碱来说,每天约1至约100μg/kg,典型为1至50μg/Kg,例如1至20μg/kg/天之间。
●对于巴氯芬来说,每天约1至约300μg/kg,典型为10至200μg/kg,例如20至100μg/kg/天之间。
●对于甲巯咪唑来说,每天约1至约100μg/kg,典型为1至50μg/kg,例如1至20μg/kg/天。
最优选的剂量应该相当于通常为长期维持性治疗所处方的量的1%直至10%。
应该理解,实际给药的药物量将由医生根据相关的情况来确定,所述情况包括待治疗的病症、待给药的具体组合物、个体患者的年龄、体重和响应、患者症状的严重性、以及所选的给药途径。因此,上述的剂量范围旨在为本文的讲述提供一般性的指导和支持,而不打算限制本发明的范围。
给出了下面的实施例,其目的在于说明而不是限制。
实施例
A.药物组合的制备
制备了下列药物组合:
B.体外实验
1.用混合物1-6处理的施旺细胞上的PMP22表达测定法
1.1细胞培养
1.1.1:可商购大鼠原代施旺细胞
将大鼠施旺细胞(SC)原代培养物(Sciencell # R1700)的小瓶解冻,以10000个细胞/cm2的密度接种在聚L-赖氨酸预包被的75cm2培养瓶中的“Sciencell施旺细胞培养基”中(来自Sciencell的基本培养基#R1701)。培养基由基本培养基、5%胎牛血清(3H-Biomedical AB#1701-0025)、1%施旺细胞生长增补剂(3H Biomedical AB #1701-1752)、1%庆大霉素(Sigma #G1397)和10μM毛喉素(Sigma #F6886)构成,以促进它们的增殖。
在达到合生后(4到10天,取决于细胞批次),通过轻柔搅拌或通过thy1.1免疫淘洗,使SC与黏附性成纤维细胞分离来纯化施旺细胞,以产生至少95%纯的培养物。然后对SC进行计数(锥虫蓝方法),并接种到聚L-赖氨酸预先包被的75cm2培养瓶中的同样的SC培养基中。在合生时,将细胞洗涤,用胰蛋白酶处理(来自Invitrogen #1540054的胰蛋白酶-EDTA的1x稀释液,在不含钙和镁的PBS中稀释),计数,铺板于12孔板(140000个细胞/孔)中的Sciencell施旺细胞培养基中,该培养基还含有5%FBS、1%细胞生长增补剂(CGS)、40μg/ml庆大霉素和4μM毛喉素。
1.1.2定制的大鼠原代施旺细胞
从Sprague-Dawley新生大鼠(P0到P2之间)坐骨神经建立原代施旺细胞培养物(SC)。将所有新生大鼠处死并在皮氏培养血中分离。解剖在无菌条件下进行。
从后爪和下部躯干除去背部皮肤。分离出坐骨神经并转移到含有冰冷的Leibovitz(L15,Invitogen #11415)的培养皿中,Leibovitz中添加有1%青霉素/链霉素溶液(分别为50UI/ml和50μg/ml;Invitrogen #15070)和1%牛血清白蛋白(BSA,Sigma A6003)。将每只大鼠的两根神经都转移到含有冰冷的L15的15ml试管中。然后除去L15培养基,用含有10mg/ml胶原酶(Sigma #A6003)的2.4ml DMEM(Invitrogen #21969035)代替。将神经在该培养基中在37℃下温育30分钟。然后除去培养基,通过用不含钙和镁的PBS(Invitrogen #2007-03)稀释的胰蛋白酶(10%胰蛋白酶-EDTA 10x,Invitrogen #15400054)在37℃处理20分钟,将两根神经解离。通过加入含有II级DNase I(0.1mg/ml,Roche diagnostic#104159)和胎牛血清(FCS 10%,Invitrogen #10270)的DMEM来终止反应。将细胞悬液用10ml移液管研散,通过过滤器收集在50ml管中(Swinnex 13mm过滤装置,Millipore,使用20μm尼龙筛网滤膜,Fisher)。将细胞悬液在室温(RT)以350g离心10分钟,并将沉淀悬浮在含有10%FCS和1%青霉素/链霉素的DMEM中。对细胞进行计数(锥虫蓝方法),并以5.105到106个细胞/板的密度接种到Falcon 100mm Primaria组织培养板中。
在培养1天后,将培养基用DMEM、10% FCS、1%青霉素/链霉素和10μM胞嘧啶b-D-呋喃阿拉伯糖苷(Sigma #C1768)更换。48小时后,除去培养基,将细胞用DMEM洗涤3次。然后加入SC生长培养基,其由DMEM、10%FCS、1%青霉素/链霉素、2μM毛喉素(Sigma #F6886)、10μg/ml牛垂体提取物(PEX,Invitrogen #13028)构成。每2-3天更换培养基。
在培养8天后(4至10天,取决于细胞批次),施旺细胞达到合生,将含有大量污染的成纤维细胞的培养物通过thy1.1免疫淘洗方法进行纯化。纯化后,将细胞以10000个细胞/cm2的密度悬浮在聚L-赖氨酸预先包被的75cm2培养瓶中的生长培养基中。一旦它们达到合生,将细胞清洗,用胰蛋白酶处理(胰蛋白酶-EDTA),计数,并铺板于12孔板中(100000个细胞/孔)。
1.1.3药物温育
在将细胞铺板于12孔板后,将培养基更换为确定成分培养基,该培养基含有DMEM-F12混合物(Invitrogen #21331020),并补充有1%N2补充剂(Invitrogen #17502)、1%L-谷氨酰胺(Invitrogen #25030024)、2.5%FBS(Sciencell #0025)、0.02μg/ml皮质甾酮(Sigma #C2505)、4μM毛喉素和50μg/ml庆大霉素。没有向该培养基中添加生长因子,以促进SC分化。
24小时后,将该培养基替换为确定成分培养基(DMEM-F12),其补充有1%胰岛素-转铁蛋白-硒-X(ITS,Invitrogen #51300)、16μg/ml丁二胺(Sigma #P5780)、0.02μg/ml皮质甾酮和50μg/ml庆大霉素。在该步骤中,培养基中既不存在孕酮也不存在毛喉素。
1天后,将施旺细胞用药物组合刺激24小时(3个孔/条件)。每种化合物在将其添加到细胞培养基中之前新鲜制备。
将药物添加到由DMEM-F12构成的确定成分培养基中,所述培养基中补充有1%胰岛素-转铁蛋白-硒-X(ITS,Invitrogen #51300)、16μg/ml丁二胺、0.02μg/ml皮质甾酮、10nM孕酮和50μg/ml庆大霉素。在药物刺激过程中不存在毛喉素,避免了腺甘酸环化酶饱和。
1.2.通过Thy1.1免疫淘洗纯化施旺细胞
为了防止成纤维细胞培养物的污染,使用克隆Thy1.1(ATCCTIB-103TM)免疫淘洗方案对施旺细胞进行了纯化。
抗体预包被的100mm细菌皮氏培养皿如下进行制备:将这些平皿用PBS洗3次,用含有10μg/ml山羊抗小鼠IgM MU抗体(JacksonImmunoResearch #115-005-020)的20ml pH 9.5的50mM Tris HCl溶液在4℃处理过夜;然后用PBS洗3次,用含有0.02%BSA和从T1 1D7e2杂交瘤培养物(ATCC #TIB-103)获得的含有Thy1.1 IgM抗体的上清液的PBS溶液,在室温处理2小时。最后,将板用PBS洗3次,然后加入细胞悬液。
SC用胰蛋白酶EDTA松开。一旦大部分细胞进入悬液,立即用DMEM-10%FBS中和胰蛋白酶,并将细胞离心。将松解的细胞的沉淀以每ml 0.66x106个细胞(最大值)的密度重新悬浮在15ml含有0.02%BSA的培养基中,并转移到皮氏培养皿中(大约660万个细胞/10ml/100mm培养皿)。
将细胞悬液在Thy 1.1包被的皮氏培养皿中在37℃下温育45分钟,每15分钟轻轻搅拌以防止非特异性结合。大部分表达Thy1.1的成纤维细胞黏附于培养皿上。在温育结束时,回收细胞悬液并离心。该细胞悬液理论上只含有施旺细胞。将细胞离心,将细胞沉淀以16000个细胞/cm2的密度悬浮在聚L-赖氨酸处理过的T75cm2培养瓶中含有10μM毛喉素的生长培养基中。
1.3定量反转录酶聚合酶链反应(Q-RT-PCR)
定量RT-PCR被用于比较药物刺激后PMP22 mRNA相对于大鼠施旺细胞原代培养物中的管家核糖体L13A mRNA的水平。
在用冷的无菌PBS清洗后,从SC中使用Qiagen RNeasy微型试剂盒(Qiagen #74004)提取和纯化的每个细胞样品的总RNA。使用1μl RNA样品,通过Nanodrop分光光度计对核酸进行定量。RNA完整性通过BioAnalyzer(Agilent)装置确定。
按照标准方案将RNA反转录成cDNA。用于PCR扩增的cDNA模板从200ng总RNA合成,使用了SuperScript II反转录酶(Invitrogen #18064-014),在存在寡聚(dT)的情况下在42℃反应60分钟,终体积为20μl。
使用系统(Roche Molecular Systems Inc.)对cDNA进行PCR扩增。在用于PCR扩增之前,将每个cDNA样品稀释5倍。将2.5μl该cDNA加入到PCR反应溶液中(终体积10μl)。进行了初步实验以确保在两种序列的扩增过程的指数期中进行定量,并且参比基因的表达在不同培养条件下是一致的。
PCR反应通过大鼠PMP22(NM_017037)的500nM正向引物5-GGAAACGCGAATGAGGC-3(SEQ ID NO:1)和500nM反向引物5-GTTCTGTTTGGTTTGGCTT-3(SEQ ID NO:2)的扩增来进行(扩增了148-bp)。通过使用500nM正向引物5-CTGCCCTCAAGGTTGTG-3(SEQ ID NO:3)和500nM反向引物5-CTTCTTCTTCCGGTAATGGAT-3(SEQ ID NO:4),在分开的反应中平行地扩增了RPL13A核糖体(NM_173340)RNA的152-bp的片段,用于对结果进行归一化。
我们使用了FRET化学来进行RT-Q-PCR分析。FRET探针由0.3μMPmp22-FL-5-GCTCTGAGCGTGCATAGGGTAC(SEQ ID NO:5)或Rpl13A-FL-5-TCGGGTGGAAGTACCAGCC(SEQ ID NO:6)构成,在它们的3’末端用供体荧光团染料(荧光素)标记。0.15μM Red640探针定义如下:Pmp22-red-5′-AGGGAGGGAGGAAGGAAACCAGAAA(SEQID NO:7)或Rpl13A-red-5′-TGACAGCTACTCTGGAGGAGAAACGGAA(SEQ ID NO:8),在它们的5’末端用受体荧光团染料(罗丹明Red 640)标记。
每个PCR反应在总体积为10μl的主混合物试剂盒(Roche#04-887301001)中包含2.5μl cDNA模板。
使用了下述PCR条件:95℃ 10秒,63℃ 10秒,72℃ 12秒和40℃30秒(40个扩增循环)。PMP22基因表达的相对水平通过测定从靶基因PMP22与内源内部标准品RPL 13A产生的产物之间的比率来计算。
1.4通过流式细胞术(FACS)进行PMP22蛋白表达分析
在与药物温育8小时、24小时和48小时后,回收上清液,离心并冷冻。使用胰蛋白酶-EDTA分拆SC。一旦大部分细胞进入悬液,立即用含有10%FCS的DMEM中和胰蛋白酶。
回收含有细胞的上清液并离心。将细胞沉淀转移到微量管中,在PBS中清洗一次,使用特定溶液(AbCys #Reagent A BUF09B)固定。10分钟后,将细胞用PBS洗涤一次,并保持在4℃。
细胞固定后5天,使用下面的方案,对所有温育时间不同的细胞制备物进行标记。
将细胞以7000rpm离心5分钟,将沉淀悬浮在通透化溶液(AbCys#Reagent B BUF09B)中,用PMP22第一抗体(Abcam #ab61220,1/50)在室温标记1小时。然后将细胞以7000rpm离心5分钟,将细胞沉淀在PBS中洗涤一次。加入与Alexa Fluor 488偶联的第二抗体(山羊抗兔IgG,Molecular Probes #A11008,1/100),室温反应1小时。然后将细胞以7000rpm离心5分钟,将细胞沉淀在PBS中洗涤一次。加入与Alexa Fluor 488偶联的第三抗体(鸡抗山羊IgG,Molecular Probes#A21467,1/100),在室温温育1小时,以增加标记。然后将细胞在PBS中洗涤一次。执行了不含任何抗体的对照(未标记细胞),以确定自身荧光的水平并调整光倍增器的灵敏度。执行了使用第二和第三抗体但是不使用第一抗体的对照,以评估抗体的非特异性结合。
数据获取和分析使用FACS阵列细胞计数器和FACS阵列软件(Becton Dickinson)在5000个细胞上进行。分析了与细胞体积(尺寸)相关的正向散射(FSC)和依赖于细胞内部复杂性(粒度)的侧向散射。对于PMP22的表达来说,在总细胞中进行分析,并计算阳性细胞的百分数。阳性细胞是荧光强度高于使用第二抗体的对照的细胞。
为了对SC数量进行定量,使用抗S100蛋白抗体分析了对照培养基中的细胞。
细胞按照下列方案制备:将施旺细胞用抗S 100蛋白抗体(Dako#S0311,1/100)在室温染色1小时。该抗体按照上面描述的用于PMP22免疫染色的方案进行标记,但是不与第三抗体温育。
1.5.药物温育和活性
将药物在与上面描述的相同的确定成分培养基中温育24小时或48小时(3个孔/条件),所述培养基中不存在毛喉素以避免腺苷酸环化酶刺激的饱和,但是存在10nM孕酮。在与药物温育后,回收上清液,将施旺细胞冷冻用于RT-Q-PCR分析。
这些实验概述在表1中。
表1
组合 | PMP22表达 |
混合物1 | 下调 |
混合物2 | 下调 |
混合物3 | 下调 |
混合物4 | 下调 |
混合物5 | 下调 |
混合物6 | 下调 |
2.在CMT的共培养模型中评估混合物7中的化合物的协同效应
使用共培养模型作为CMT1A的体外模型。这种髓鞘形成模型由共培养的感觉神经元和来自雄性PMP22转基因大鼠(TG)分离的背根神经节(DRG)的施旺细胞构成。
本研究的目的是评估3种测试化合物(+/-巴氯芬、纳曲酮和山梨糖醇)和混合物7(这三种药物的混合物)对髓鞘形成过程的影响。3种测试化合物及其混合物对髓鞘形成的影响,通过评估在抗环血酸存在下髓磷脂碱性蛋白(MBP)的表达来评价。
2.1材料和方法
通过颈椎错位法杀死妊娠15天的怀孕雌性大鼠。从子宫中取出胚胎,它们处于相同的胚胎发育阶段。
2.1.1基因分型
将每个胚胎头取一块(3mm3)置于无DNase的2ml试管中。使用SYBR Green提取物-N-Amp组织PCR试剂盒(Sigma,参考号XNATG-1KT)提取DNA。将120μl提取溶液(Sigma试剂盒,参考号XNATG-1KT)置于每块胚胎头上。将头在室温温育10分钟。在该温育结束时,将头在提取溶液中在95℃下温育5分钟。在这最后一次温育后,立即加入100μl中和溶液,使用无菌超纯水(Biosolve,参考号:91589)将每种DNA提取物以1/40稀释,并储存在+4℃直到使用。在DRG分离期间,使用试剂盒Fast SYBR Green主混合物(Applied Biosystem,4385612)进行雌性(F)和雄性(M)胚胎的基因分型。每个胚胎的性别使用雄性SRY基因来确定。SRY引物由Pharnext提供(SRY-F(SEQID NO:9):5′-GAGAGAGGCACAAGTTGGC-3′;SRY-R(SEQ IDNO:10):5′-GCCTCCTGGAAAAAGGGCC-3′)。将SRY引物在无菌超纯水(Biosolve,参考号:91589)中稀释至3μM。用于PCR的混合物使用超纯水(每个样品4μl)、3μM引物(每个样品2μl)和主混合物(每个样品10μl)来制备。在96孔PCR板中,在每个孔中放置16μl PCR混合物。按照计划设置加入4μl每种稀释的DNA。使用7500快速RT-PCR系统(Applied Biosystem)运行PCR,使用了下列程序:
开始:95℃-20秒
45个循环:95℃-10秒,65℃-10秒,72℃-30秒(数据获取)。
熔解曲线:95℃-15秒,64℃-1分钟,90℃-30秒(连续数据获取),60℃ 15秒。扩增图和熔解曲线使用7500软件(AppliedBiosystems)进行分析。
将每个样品的结果与阴性对照(超纯水)和阳性对照(TG/雄性和WT/雌性)进行比较,以对每个胚胎的基因型作出结论。
2.1.2感觉神经元和施旺细胞共培养物
大鼠背根神经节按照以前Cosgaya等,2002和Rangaraju等,2008的描述进行培养。
将每个胚胎在计数皮氏培养皿(直径35mm)上处置。切下胚胎的头,置于无DNAase的1.5ml试管中;使用提取物-N-Amp组织试剂盒(Sigma Aldrich)提取AND。使用试剂盒Fast SYBR Green主混合物(Applied Biosystem,4385612)进行基因分型(雄性(M)和雌性(F),野生型和PMP22转基因的)。这种基因分型与背根神经节(DRG)的分离并行地进行,以便在分离结束时,只进行一种类型的培养(来自转基因雄性的DRG)。收集每个胚胎的DRG,置于冰冷的Leibovitz培养基(L15,Invitrogen)中。在分离结束时,将TGM的DRG合并,并通过在37℃下用胰蛋白酶(胰蛋白酶EDTA,0.05%;Invitrogen)处理20分钟将其松解。通过在DNAase I(Roche)存在下加入含有10%胎牛血清(FBS)的DMEM来终止反应。将悬液用10ml移液管研散。然后将细胞在室温下以350xg离心10分钟。将松解后的细胞沉淀重悬浮在含有2%B27(Invitrogen)、1%青霉素-链霉素(Invitrogen)、1%的L-谷氨酰胺和50ng/ml NGF(Sigma)的神经基本培养基(Invitrogen)中。这种培养基是神经元培养基。使用锥虫蓝排斥试验(Sigma)在Neubauer细胞计数器中对活细胞进行计数,并将其以每个孔10000个细胞的量接种在用聚L-赖氨酸处理的96孔板(Greiner)中。将板在加湿培养箱中、在空气(95%)-CO2(5%)的气氛中维持在37℃下。每隔一天更换一半的标准神经元培养基。将培养物在标准的神经基本培养基中维持7天,以允许施旺细胞移居到感觉神经元轴突中。在第7天,向培养基供应增补或未增补50μg/ml抗环血酸的标准神经元培养基,以便起始基膜形成和髓鞘形成。
2.1.3.药物温育
在第7天,将下列测试化合物(单独或组合地)添加到含有50μg/ml抗环血酸的培养基中:
■(RS)-巴氯芬
■纳曲酮
■d-山梨糖醇
■混合物7=3种个体化合物的组合
以下列浓度对化合物或化合物组合进行测试(表2):
表2:用于TG DRG/SC共培养物中MBP表达的体外研究的个体药物或组合的浓度
将测试化合物温育5种不同时间:5、9、10、11和13天。
进行了DRG(来自于TG雄性大鼠胚胎)的三份分开和独立的培养。在抗环血酸存在下评估这些条件,每种条件6个孔。所有测试化合物的随需随用溶液从储用溶液临时制备,储存在-20℃。该溶液一周制备一次。每隔一天更换一半的增补有测试化合物和抗环血酸(各以1X浓度)的标准神经元培养基。
2.1.4染色方案
在温育5、9、10、11和13天后,将细胞用冷的乙醇(95%)和乙酸(5%)溶液固定10分钟。使用含0.1%皂角苷和10%山羊血清的PBS将细胞通透化和阻断15分钟。然后将细胞与髓磷脂的特异性标志物、即多克隆抗体抗髓磷脂碱性蛋白(MBP)抗体(Sigma 118K0431)温育。
该抗体用Alexa Fluor 568山羊抗兔IgG抗体和Alexa Fluor 488山羊抗小鼠IgG抗体(Molecular probe 687621、623962)检测。神经元的核用荧光标志物(Hoechst溶液,SIGMA ref B1155)标记。
2.1.5.数据处理
对于每个孔,使用InCell AnalyzerTM 1000(GE Healthcare)以20x放大倍数获取20张照片。所有图像在相同条件下获取。有髓轴突的总长度分析使用Developer软件(GE Healthcare)自动进行。所有的值表示成平均值+/-平均值标准误差。统计分析在不同条件下进行(当允许时,在ANOVA后进行Fisher’s PLSD检验)。
2.2.结果
混合物7的效能中药物的协同效应
在MBP表达上观察到了由混合物7组合构成的药物的重要协同效应。事实上,在第10日(=培养的第17日),(RS)-巴氯芬、纳曲酮和d-山梨糖醇的组合在图1A和2A中显示的剂量1和6下显著增加了MBP表达。相反,单独使用上述药物与对照相比没有明显效果(图1B-D和2B-D)。
在混合物7的剂量2、3、4、5和7下温育10天后,也记录了到对MBP表达的显著效应(图3A)。
使用剂量2-7,在第11天仍观察到采取明显钟形曲线形式的这种效应(图3B)。
C.在CMT动物模型中的体内实验
我们测试了化合物在大鼠模型中的治疗效果。
使用两种性别的幼龄大鼠分别形成实验组。大鼠根据体重按照随机方案分派到组中。在某些实验中,根据大鼠在杆试验中的表现进行随机化。两种性别由独立的对照组表示,它们在数量上与处理组相同或更大。
大鼠用药物长期处理——在3或6周期间,根据每种药物的生物利用度,通过强制喂食或使用Alzet渗透皮下泵(DURECT CorporationCupertino,CA)注射来进行。在所有进行的体内实验中,混合物7通过管饲法给药。
动物每周称重两次,以便根据体重的增长调节剂量。如果选择了渗透泵进行处理给药,根据动物在泵送期间(6周)的年龄所预计的估计平均体重来计算药物的剂量。如果需要,可以使用适合的麻醉方案重新植入泵。
行为测试
每3或4周,对动物进行行为测试。每次测试由同样的研究人员在同样的房间中,在一天的同样时间进行;在整个实验过程中维持这种一致性。所有的处理和基因型确定对于研究人员来说都是盲法的。在整个研究中主要使用“杆试验(Bar test)”和“抓握力量(Grip strength)”来评估行为。随着动物的生长,杆试验的方案可以改变(以避免由于例如学习而引起的偏差)。
抓握力量的测定允许检测抓握行为中的细微差异,抓握行为看来由肌肉力量、敏感性状态(例如疼痛的触觉感可能改变测量到的力量值)、行为成分(“动机”)构成。前后肢之间的值是不同的,并极大地依赖于动物的年龄。
抓握力量测试测量了动物单独地用其前爪或后爪握在握杆上的力量。与握杆放置在一起的肌力计测量力量(Force Gauge FG-5000A)。大鼠由实验人员抓住,使它用其前爪或用其后爪握住握杆,并将大鼠轻轻向后拉,直到它放开握杆。记录当动物释放握杆时测量到的力。
对于每只动物,进行两次连续的测量前爪力量的试验和两次连续的测量后爪力量的试验;只记录最大的分值(前爪一个,后爪一个)(单位为N)。
杆实验
杆试验评估大鼠握住固定杆的能力。显示出肌肉虚弱的Pmp22大鼠在该试验中表现出成绩不佳(Sereda等,1996)。将大鼠放置,使其四爪在杆的中间(杆直径:2.5cm;长度:50cm;高于桌面30cm)。试验连续进行;在我们的实验中,试验的数量和持续时间取决于动物的批次。这种测试中的变化性的引入,是为了确定在实验过程中适合于最好地检测CMT大鼠中运动缺陷的方案。
记录每一期的表现指数:
-在杆上保持60秒(或对于第一批的第一期和第二期来说30秒)所需的试验的数量。
-每次试验在杆上度过的时间(即跌落等待时间)以及每一期的平均值。在大鼠在杆上停留了截止时间、即30或60秒后该期结束的实验程序中,将还未完成的试验设定为以截止时间(30秒或60秒)进行(例如,对于第8批来说,对于在试验1、2和3中在条上停留不到10秒,然后在试验4和5中停留了60秒的动物来说,将试验6到10设定为60秒)。
-跌落的次数。
总体健康评估
在整个实验过程中监测动物的体重、外显体征(毛皮外观、身体姿势、步态、震颤等)。使用等级评定量表进行记录:0=正常,1=异常。
步态
将每只大鼠在没有杂物的新的鼠笼(尺寸为55x33x18cm)中观察5分钟。大鼠的步态使用4个参数来评估:
-0分:正常步态(流畅)
-1分:异常步态(不流畅或大鼠微跛)
-2分:中度失能(大鼠拖着一条腿,并且能够调整好它并行走)
-3分:严重失能(大鼠拖着它的一个或两个后爪,但是不能调整好它/它们)。
斜面试验
滑动装置具有30x50cm有机玻璃平面,其能够以0°(水平)至60°的角度倾斜。一开始,将每只大鼠以头向上位置(头朝上方向)置于25°角斜面上;执行两次相隔1分钟的试验。30分钟后,在35°角斜面上、然后在40°角斜面上完成同样的实验。在此期间,将大鼠放回笼子。在每次试验后清洁斜面。
大鼠的表现通过4个不同分值评估:
-0分:无滑动
-1分:少许滑动(一只或两只爪)
-2分:中度滑动(4只爪),但是不滑到斜面底端
-3分:大鼠一直滑到斜面最底端。
其他测试
在适合时,对大鼠进行电化学评估、组织学测量,并对坐骨神经中pmp22 RNA表达水平进行定量。
通过定量RT-PCR对坐骨神经中的pmp22 RNA进行定量
按照制造商的流程方案(Qiagen-RNeasy纤维组织手册)所述,使用Qiazol(参考号79306,Qiagen Gmbh,德国),然后使用RNeasy小量试剂盒(参考号74106,Qiagen Gmbh,德国)通过单步纯化方法,从左侧坐骨神经分离总RNA。使用DNA-free试剂盒(Qiagen-Rnase-freednase set 1500 Kunits,参考号1023460),通过用无RNase的DNase I消化除去DNA污染。
通过NanoDrop ND-1000估算RNA浓度,并在Agilent 2100Bioanalyzer上通过Agilent RNA 6000纳米芯片进行质量控制试验。
反转录和实时PCR:定量RT-PCR(RT-Q-PCR)如下进行:在20-μl反应体积中,使用SuperScriptTM II反转录酶(Invitrogen,Carlsbad,CA)和Oligo(dT)12-18(Invitrogen,Carlsbad,CA),对80 ng总RNA进行反转录。
实时PCR使用快速热循环仪系统(480 II,384孔,Roche,瑞士)执行。扩增在10μl总体积中使用130nM至1μM之间优化的引物浓度进行。向引物和模板添加480 SYBR Green I主混合物(2×浓度,Roche,目录参考号04 887 352 001)。在混合物中包含核苷酸、MgCL2、Taq DNA聚合酶和缓冲液。扩增方案包括最初在95℃温育10分钟以激活Taq DNA聚合酶,然后进行45个循环的95℃变性10s、60℃退火40s和72℃延伸10s(在72℃延伸期结束时通过单次采集方式执行荧光产物的检测),最后进行熔解曲线循环,即95℃变性5s、63℃退火60s和95℃(从63℃至95℃升温速率为0.11℃/s,并连续检测荧光产物)。为了证实扩增特异性,对来自每个引物对的PCR产物进行熔解曲线分析。根据每个PCR产物的交叉点(Cp值)进行相对定量。样品的荧光升高至高于背景荧光的点被称为样品的交叉点(Cp)。使用褐鼠(Rattus norvegicus)髓磷脂蛋白Zero(MPZ)基因进行归一化(Sereda等,2006)。用于RT-Q-PCR分析的引物序列(由德国的Eurofins MWG Operon合成)是:
PMP22-正向:5’-TGTACCACATCCGCCTTGG-3’(SEQ ID NO:11)和
PMP22-反向:5’-GAGCTGGCAGAAGAACAGGAAC-3’(SEQ IDNO:12)。
MPZ-正向:5’-TGTTGCTGCTGTTGCTCTTC-3’(SEQ ID NO:13)和
MPZ-反向:5’-TTGTGAAATTTCCCCTTCTCC-3’(SEQ ID NO:14)。
结果
混合物1组合物在整个处理程序中改进杆试验表现(图4)。
如图5中所示,混合物1在处理3和6周后改进了转基因大鼠的步态分值。
如图6中所述,混合物1在处理3、6、9和12周后提高了转基因大鼠在斜面试验中的表现。
图7显示了混合物2对25、35和40°斜面试验中转基因大鼠的步态分值的正效应。
混合物7(剂量3)显著降低了pmp22转基因大鼠的坐骨神经中pmp22RNA的基因表达(图9)。
用混合物7(剂量2和剂量3)处理的pmp22大鼠在35°斜面试验中的表现得到提高(图10)。更具体来说,29和33%的大鼠属于表现良好组,与此相比对于TG安慰剂组来说为5%,并且29和11%的大鼠属于表现不良组,与此相比对于TG安慰剂组来说为60%。对于用混合物7-剂量2处理的TG大鼠来说,P-值(与TG安慰剂组相比)等于0.0152,对于用混合物7-剂量3处理的TG大鼠来说,与TG安慰剂组相比的p-值等于0.002。
混合物7-剂量3在处理9周后显著增加了pmp22大鼠在杆试验中的跌落等待时间(图11):黑色虚线,p=4.56.10-2,n=18。也观察到了TG安慰剂大鼠(黑色素线,n=20)与WT安慰剂大鼠(灰色素线,p=3.82.10-7,n=18)之间的显著差异。
图12显示了用混合物7-剂量3处理的pmp22大鼠的抓握力量的改进。
图13显示了杆试验等待时间(在用混合物7-剂量3处理9周后)与pmp22RNA表达水平之间的显著关联性。
图14显示了用混合物7-剂量3处理9周后的杆试验等待时间与敏感神经(尾)的传导速度之间的显著关联性。
对于其他组合获得了类似结果(参见表3)。
表3
组合 | PMP22大鼠疾病表型 |
混合物1 | 改进 |
混合物2 | 改进 |
混合物3 | 改进 |
混合物4 | 改进 |
混合物5 | 改进 |
混合物6 | 改进 |
这些数据显示,在体内,本发明的组合和治疗方式允许有效治疗CMT。
D.在中毒性神经病模型中的体内效应
药物处理或治疗方式是从第一次腹膜内注射3mg/kg奥沙利铂前一天(D-1)直到最后测试日的前一天(D16)进行口服给药。属于奥沙利铂处理组的动物每日给药蒸馏水(10ml/kg)。动物每日在早晨给药所测试的治疗和蒸馏水,而奥沙利铂在下午给药。
在测试日(即D1、D4、D10)期间,在测试后给药处理和蒸馏水。对于包括化合物和介质给药以及奥沙利铂注射的测试日(D4)来说,处理和蒸馏水在测试之后、奥沙利铂注射之前给药。来自参比处理组的动物只在测试日(即D1、D4、D10和D17)期间给药。
通过在D1(第一次注射3mg/kg奥沙利铂后24h(奥沙利铂急性效应))、D4、D10(奥沙利铂的慢性效应)和D17(奥沙利铂在处理完成后一周的残余效应)测量对非伤害性热刺激(丙酮试验)的响应,来评估冷痛觉异常。
试验在参比物给药后2小时使用丙酮试验来进行。参比物质是口服100mg/kg加巴喷丁(每日一次x4个测试日)。
丙酮试验
使用丙酮试验来评估冷痛觉异常。在该试验中,测量在向两只后爪的跖面施加一滴丙酮后后爪回缩的等待时间(反应时间)并对相应强度进行打分(冷分值)。
在施加丙酮后20秒(截止时间)内测量对丙酮的冷却效应的反应时间。对丙酮的响应也按照下列4个点的等级进行分级:0(无响应);1(快速回缩,轻弹爪);2(长时间回缩或显著轻弹爪);3(重复轻弹爪并伴有舔或咬)。
使用大鼠进行了6次试验。对于每个实验组,结果表示成累加冷分值,其被定义为每只大鼠的6个分值合在一起的总和±SEM。最小分值为0(对6次试验的任一次都无响应),最大可能分值为18(对6次试验的每一次都重复轻弹并舔或咬爪)。
加巴喷丁来源:中国浙江手性药物化学公司(Zhejiang ChiralMedicine Chemicals,China)
奥沙利铂来源:Sigma,法国。
结果描述在图8中。它们清楚地显示了本发明的组合物对奥沙利铂诱导的神经病的保护性效应。
E.在ALS模型中的体内效应
动物模型
我们选择SOD1G93A大鼠模型(由Howland等产生) 来模拟肌萎缩性侧索硬化症病理。该模型在脊髓、许多脑区域以及外周组织中过表达突变的SOD1基因。该模型的运动神经元疾病的发作在约115天时;它表现为后肢异常步态。在几天内,后肢麻痹上升。
实验步骤
我们通过将种畜SOD1G93A大鼠与Sprague Dawley雌性大鼠杂交获得了群体。使用hSOD1特异性引物,通过尾部DNA的聚合酶链反应(PCR)鉴定杂合SOD1G93A大鼠[1]。将动物维持在具有受控照明(在0500-1900h光照)和温度(23±1℃)的房间中,并允许自由接近食物和水。本研究中的所有步骤按照动物护理指导标准执行。
每周进行体重测量,行为试验在60日龄时开始并持续到终点。从5周龄开始每天通过口服或皮下方式进行处理。
1.观察试验:一般性情况表征
将每只大鼠在没有杂物的新鼠笼(尺寸55x33x18cm)中观察5分钟。记录了5种不同参数:
步态
-0分:正常步态(流畅)
-1分:异常步态(不流畅或大鼠微跛)
-2分:中度失能(大鼠拖着一条腿,并且能够调整好它并行走)
-3分:严重失能(大鼠拖着它的一个或两个后爪,但是不能调整好它/它们。
毛皮情况
-0分:干净和丝滑毛皮
-1分:竖毛或肮脏毛皮
震颤
-0分:无震颤
-1分:震颤
体位
-0分:正常
-1分:异常(压平或拱起它的背)
后爪位置
-0分:正常
-1分:伸展后爪
2.运动分值试验:运动缺陷的表征
该试验评估大鼠在被翻到任一侧后30秒内将其自身正位的能力(正位反射)(Gale等)。
使用了按照下面这些标准的非参数性计分系统(Matsumoto等,Thonhoff等):
-0分:大鼠不能在30秒内从任一侧将其自身正位
-1分:大鼠只是不能在30秒内从某一侧将其自身正位
-2分:大鼠能够在30秒内从两侧将其自身正位,但是不能站立在笼子中;它总是拖着身体的某些部分
-3分:大鼠能够在30秒内从两侧将其自身正位,不能站立在笼子中,但是不拖着身体的某些部分
-4分:大鼠能够在30秒内从两侧将其自身正位,能够站立在笼子中,但是具有可见的功能缺陷
-5分:大鼠能够在30秒内从两侧将其自身正位,能够站立在笼子中,并且没有可见的功能缺陷。
疾病的终点被固定在0分;然后将大鼠安乐死。
3.斜面试验:运动缺陷的表征
滑动装置具有30x50cm有机玻璃平面,其能够以0°(水平)至60°的角度倾斜。一开始,将每只大鼠以头向上位置(头朝上方向)置于25°角斜面上;执行两次相隔1分钟的试验。30分钟后,在35°角斜面上、然后在40°角斜面上完成同样的实验。在此期间,将大鼠放回笼子。在每次试验后清洁斜面。
大鼠的表现通过4个不同分值评估:
-0分:无滑动
-1分:少许滑动(一只或两只爪)
-2分:中度滑动(4只爪),但是不滑到斜面底端
-3分:大鼠一直滑到斜面最底端。
4.金属丝网试验:困难形势下运动能力的表征
将金属丝网放置成在顶部与箱子相接触(以70°倾角)并在底部与桌子边缘相接触。将每只大鼠置于金属丝网底部,并通过将其同窝仔畜放置在顶部的箱子中激励它向上爬。每只大鼠每周训练一次(3次试验)。
记录的参数是到达金属丝网顶部的等待时间。
5.开阔地试验:自主活动能力表征
自主活动能力在具有沿着位于底面上方1和5cm处的两个轴的16个光电管光束的有机玻璃箱子(45x45x30cm,Acti-Track,BIOSEB,Lyon,法国)中测量。
在3小时内评估每只大鼠的自发和探索性活动。
记录4个参数(总移动距离,用后肢站立次数,在开阔地中心移动的距离和花费的时间的百分数)。
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Claims (5)
1.一种组合物,其包含巴氯芬、山梨糖醇以及纳曲酮、他们的盐、对映异构体或消旋体,用于同时、分别或相继给药于哺乳动物对象,用于治疗沙-马-图病或药物诱导的中毒性神经病。
2.权利要求1的组合物,其中的山梨糖醇是D-山梨糖醇。
3.权利要求1或2的组合物,其包含纳曲酮、巴氯芬和D-山梨糖醇。
4.权利要求1的组合物,其还包含适合药用的赋形剂或载体。
5.权利要求1的组合物在制造用于治疗沙-马-图病或药物诱导的中毒性神经病的药物中的应用。
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EP2263665A1 (en) | 2009-06-02 | 2010-12-22 | Pharnext | New compositions for treating CMT and related disorders |
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