CN102381203A - 用于运行电驱动的机动车的方法以及装置 - Google Patents

用于运行电驱动的机动车的方法以及装置 Download PDF

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CN102381203A
CN102381203A CN2011102439151A CN201110243915A CN102381203A CN 102381203 A CN102381203 A CN 102381203A CN 2011102439151 A CN2011102439151 A CN 2011102439151A CN 201110243915 A CN201110243915 A CN 201110243915A CN 102381203 A CN102381203 A CN 102381203A
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陆岩
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Bayerische Motoren Werke AG
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于运行电驱动的机动车的方法和用于执行该方法的装置，所述机动车具有由电池供电的驱动电动机以及与发电机连接的用于向驱动电动机或者电池提供电能的内燃机，其中，在电池的电量状态的基础上运行内燃机，借助导航装置确定到达行驶目的地的行驶路线，基于确定的行驶路线、检测的电池电量状态以及检测的能耗，检验、尤其是循环地检验是否到达行驶目的地或是否产生与行驶目的地的有效距离空缺，并且在确定有效距离空缺的情况下，确定是否在至少一种预定的能耗降低的节能运行方式中到达行驶目的地或仅在REX运行方式中才到达行驶目的地，并且向驾驶员发出用于激活节能运行方式或REX运行方式的相应操作建议。

Description

用于运行电驱动的机动车的方法以及装置
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于运行电驱动的机动车的方法，所述机动车具有由电池供电的驱动电动机以及与发电机连接的用于向驱动电动机或者电池提供电能的内燃机，其中，在电池的电量状态的基础上运行内燃机(REX运行方式)。本发明还涉及一种用于实施该方法的装置。
背景技术
DE 102008059199A1公开一种根据权利要求1前序部分的方法。其中描述一种具有所谓的范围延伸器的电动车辆，该车辆仅用电驱动，此外为了对电池充电设置与发电机连接的小功率内燃机。
电池驱动的电动车辆的有效距离常常造成困扰。因为不同于燃料驱动的车辆可通过加油以最小的时间花费和广泛的可用性实现任意的有效距离扩展，电动车辆的高伏电池仅可在较少的地方充电并且充电过程所需时间比具有内燃机的机动车的加油要长得多。尤其是当电池在行驶开始时没有充满或需要行驶较长距离时，这种困扰更甚。
JP 08126116A或JP 2000188802A公开了用于运行由电动机和内燃机构成的混合动力车辆的方法，其中，根据导航数据控制电池充电。
此外已知，为混合动力车辆和电动车辆设置特别的节能运行方式，在这些节能运行方式中能耗降低，以便扩展车辆的有效距离。因此为达到节能目的可限制或完全禁止大耗能器如空调或暖气的运行。此外可激活最高速度限制或驱动电动机的功率限制。这些节能运行方式迄今由驾驶员手动进行选择。
发明内容
本发明的任务是提出一种同类的方法，该方法可使电动车辆的驾驶员尽可能不受干扰的到达行驶目的地，而且驾驶员无须在行驶开始时关心是否能到达行驶目的地。
本发明由独立权利要求的特征得出。从属权利要求的主题是有利的进一步扩展和方案。本发明其它特征、应用可能性和优点可从下面的说明以及附图所示的本发明实施例的解释中得出。
本发明方法确保，驾驶员不会对于不到达输入的行驶目的地感到惊讶。只要系统不是在行驶开始时就已经确定，即使在完全的REX运行中也不能到达行驶目的地，驾驶员就可以在输入行驶目的地后开车出发。即只要通过本发明方法确定会到达目的地，则驾驶员就可以“放心”地开车出发。只要在本发明方法的尤其是循环的运行中在较晚的时间点上确定，现在可能由于在此期间激活了大耗能器如空调或由于在快速或者说运动的行驶方式而在不限制耗能器的情况下不再能到达目的地并且就这方面建议转换到一种节能模式中，则驾驶员可遵循该建议，也可不遵循。当驾驶员遵循该建议时，则调节到所选择的节能运行方式并且再次会到达行驶目的地。相反，如果驾驶员不遵循该建议，例如选择了比所建议的节能运行方式弱一些的节能运行方式，则实施该选择的运行方式，即使因此暂时不能排除有效距离空缺，即驾驶员将不会到达行驶目的地。优选当驾驶员根本没有对建议作出反应即一切照常进行时，同样如此。只有当借助本发明方法在较晚时候确定如不进行REX运行方式则不能达到行驶目的地时，才自动转换到REX运行方式中，在该运行方式中，电动机所消耗的能量的一部分由内燃机提供并且由此相应延长有效距离。
根据本发明一种有利的进一步方案，在所述至少一种节能运行方式中进行最高速度限制。由此，单位路程的单位能量需求可因为空气阻力的降低而降低并由此提高车辆的总行驶路程。作为替换方案也可进行功率限制，其优点在于，在顺风或下坡时可以以较高的速度行驶。
根据本发明的一种有利的进一步扩展，在所述至少一种节能运行方式中限制空调和/或电暖气的能量消耗。
根据本发明的又一种有利的进一步扩展，设置具有分级的节能调节状态的两种或更多种节能运行方式。优选大耗能器如空调的能量消耗在节能较少的第一节能运行方式中进行限制，并且在第二节能运行方式中被完全禁止。也可想到允许驾驶员逐渐调节能量限制的程度。
根据本发明的一种有利的进一步扩展，在确定REX运行时在REX运行下检验，所建议的行驶路线是否经过这样一个环境区域，在该环境区域中不允许REX运行并且这一点在确定可能的有效距离空缺dRW时考虑。因此驾驶员在选择路线时不用关心环境区域或者说导航系统可相应确定路线并且在此考虑路线中是否不允许REX运行。也可以在路线经过环境区域时由导航系统建议一种绕过环境区域的替换路线，并且检查是否有效距离由于连续REX运行的可能性而延长或者说有效距离空缺能否被排除。
根据本发明一种有利的进一步扩展，在激活REX运行方式时也激活节能运行方式。由此有效距离还可进一步提高。
根据本发明一种有利的进一步扩展，提出一种用于实施上述方法的装置，所述装置包括有效距离管理单元，可向该有效距离管理单元输入下列数据：导航装置的行驶路线数据、电池电量状态数据、关于耗电器运行状态的耗电器数据、驱动电动机的运行状态数据，并且该有效距离管理单元还具有下列信号输出：操作建议信号、用于控制耗电器运行方式的控制信号、用于控制驱动电动机以便限制最高速度和/或功率的控制信号。
通过这种有效距离管理器可实施本发明的方法并且可与驾驶员进行必要的互动。
根据本发明的一种有利的进一步扩展，有效距离管理单元具有显示和输入单元，借此可向驾驶员显示有效距离情况并且尤其是在有效距离空缺的情况下显示节能运行方式的激活建议。
本发明其它优点、特征和细节可从下面的说明中得出，其中在参考附图的情况下详细说明实施例。所说明的和/或图示的特征单独地或以任意有意义的组合的形式构成发明主题，必要时也与权利要求无关，并且也可附加地构成一个或多个单独申请的主题。
附图说明
附图示出本发明方法的框图。相同、相似和/或功能相同的部件使用相同的附图标记。
具体实施方式
首先，在输入步骤10中由驾驶员在行驶开始之前输入行驶目的地，在行驶路线计算步骤12中在考虑导航系统的位置数据的情况下由行驶目的地确定行驶路线。
在有效距离预测步骤14中，紧接着根据计算出的行驶路线，必要时在考虑高度信息或其它信息如速度限制以及在电池状态确定步骤16中确定的电池电量状态(SOC)的情况下，另外还根据存储的能耗数据以及根据当前能耗来计算，在不限制能耗的情况下是否能到达行驶目的地或是否存在与行驶目的地的有效距离空缺。只要行车路线经过不允许内燃机运行和由此不允许REX运行的环境区域，则在此考虑对此所需的电池电量储备量(SOC储备量)。
优选在信号化步骤18中向驾驶员光学地显示所求得的数据，包括关于环境区域的信息和/或其它信息如在行驶目的地时尚可供使用的电池电量状态。
如果在有效距离空缺确定步骤20中确定没有有效距离空缺，即车辆预计能够到达行驶目的地，则返回行驶路线计算步骤12并且在考虑当前位置数据和电池状态数据的情况下在步骤14中重复进行有效距离预测。相反，如果在有效距离空缺确定步骤20中确定有有效距离空缺，即车辆不能到达行驶目的地，则在有效距离提高确定步骤22中确定，在激活一种或多种节能运行方式的情况下是否能够到达行驶目的地，或作为替换是否必须激活REX运行方式。在此，在考虑不同耗能器的存储的能耗数据和当前的测量的能耗数据的情况下为所有存储的节能运行方式或者REX运行方式进行相应计算。在有效距离提高确定步骤22中的计算在很大程度上相当于在有效距离预测步骤14中所进行的计算，在此仅仅是以不同的能耗限制条件为基础。
在步骤24中检验，有效距离提高确定步骤22中是否已确定REX运行方式。这将意味着，即使在激活具有最显著能耗限制的节能运行方式的情况下仍不能到达行驶目的地并且因此必然需要激活REX运行方式。在这种情况下REX运行方式26自动激活。由此接通存在的(未示出的)低功率内燃机，该内燃机驱动发电机并且由此提供(未示出的)驱动电动机所需的能量的一部分或者说为电池充电。附加地以光学和/或声学方式向驾驶员展示REX运行方式的激活。
相反，如果根据步骤24确定仅节能运行方式之一而非REX运行方式就足以到达行驶目的地，则在运行方式建议步骤28中光学并且优选也声学地向驾驶员展示相应的操作建议，例如激活第一或第二节能运行方式。
在运行方式选择步骤30中，驾驶员可根据所述建议而选择节能运行方式32、34之一。然后该指令被实施并且根据驾驶员的指令转换到第一节能运行方式32或第二节能运行方式34中。当操作建议是选择节能较多的第二节能运行方式34但驾驶员又与该建议相反选择节能较少的第一节能运行方式32(通过第一种运行方式不能完全排除有效距离空缺，例如由于过大的外部热量而不应完全关闭空调)时，尽管如此，首先还是激活所选择的运行方式。
但只要驾驶员在运行方式选择步骤30中根本没有做出决定，则不通过该步骤，而是返回步骤12并且在使用更新的位置数据和电池状态数据的情况下循环重复有效距离空缺计算。
在进一步的循环过程中，有效距离空缺的信号化方式可变化地展示，例如在光学上通过不同颜色或不同声音或不同响度的声音展示。
只要选择了第一节能运行方式，则该第一节能运行方式在节能运行方式激活步骤32中来实现，即相应限制最高速度、最大功率、空调使用等。当选择了第二节能运行方式时也是这样，即在节能运行方式激活步骤34中实施相应的更大幅度的节能措施。
在本发明范围中，无论是否需要REX运行方式驾驶员都可激活REX运行方式，例如为了在到达行驶目的地之后继续行驶进行储备。尤其是在驾驶员获知至少激活一种节能运行方式变得必要的情况下，根据本发明一种有利的进一步扩展，驾驶员可激活REX运行方式。

Claims (10)

1.用于运行电驱动的机动车的方法，所述机动车具有由电池供电的驱动电动机以及与发电机连接的用于向驱动电动机或者电池提供电能的内燃机，其中，在电池的电量状态的基础上运行内燃机(REX运行方式)，其特征在于，借助导航装置确定到达行驶目的地、尤其是预先输入的行驶目的地的行驶路线(12)，基于确定的行驶路线、检测的电池电量状态(16)以及检测的能耗，检验(14)、尤其是循环地检验是否到达行驶目的地或是否存在与行驶目的地的有效距离空缺(dRW)，并且在确定有效距离空缺(dRW)的情况下，确定(22)是否在至少一种预定的能耗降低的节能运行方式(32、34)中到达行驶目的地或仅在REX运行方式(26)中才到达行驶目的地，并且向驾驶员发出用于激活节能运行方式(32、34)或REX运行方式(26)的相应操作建议(22)。
2.根据权利要求1的方法，其特征在于，在驾驶员没有做出决定的情况下，在确定激活REX运行方式对于消除有效距离空缺(dRW)变得必要时，激活REX运行方式(26)。
3.根据权利要求1至2之一的方法，其特征在于，在所述至少一种节能运行方式(32、34)中进行最高速度限制。
4.根据权利要求1至3之一的方法，其特征在于，在所述至少一种节能运行方式(32、34)中进行行驶功率限制。
5.根据权利要求1至4之一的方法，其特征在于，在所述至少一种节能运行方式(32、34)中，耗电器尤其是空调和/或电暖气关闭或受限地运行。
6.根据权利要求1至5之一的方法，其特征在于，所述方法包括具有分级的节能调节状态的两种或更多种节能运行方式(32、34)。
7.根据上述权利要求之一的方法，其特征在于，在确定有效距离空缺时在REX运行(26)下检验所建议的行驶路线是否经过不允许REX运行(26)的环境区域，并且在确定可能的有效距离空缺(dRW)时考虑这一点。
8.根据上述权利要求之一的方法，其特征在于，在激活REX运行方式(26)时附加地激活节能运行方式(32、34)。
9.用于实施根据上述权利要求之一的方法的装置，其特征在于，所述装置包括有效距离管理单元，该有效距离管理单元能被输入下列数据：导航装置的行驶路线数据、电池电量状态数据、关于耗电器运行状态的耗电器数据、驱动电动机的运行状态数据，并且该有效距离管理单元具有下列信号输出：操作建议信号、用于控制耗电器运行方式的控制信号、用于控制驱动电动机以便限制最高速度和/或限制功率的控制信号。
10.根据权利要求9的装置，其特征在于，所述装置具有显示和输入单元。
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