CN102347693B - 具有可选降压模式操作的集成电路开关电源控制器 - Google Patents

具有可选降压模式操作的集成电路开关电源控制器 Download PDF

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CN102347693B
CN102347693B CN201110218624.7A CN201110218624A CN102347693B CN 102347693 B CN102347693 B CN 102347693B CN 201110218624 A CN201110218624 A CN 201110218624A CN 102347693 B CN102347693 B CN 102347693B
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CN102347693A (zh
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拉胡尔·辛格
约翰·L·梅安森
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Koninklijke Philips NV
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    • H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
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    • H02M3/10—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M3/145—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/155—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
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    • H02M3/1563—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators without using an external clock
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Abstract

一种用于开关电源的集成电路(IC)控制器，具有用于支持多个开关电源拓扑的可选工作模式。IC通过控制开关电源的周期速率来控制电流，以提供恒定或可变输出电流，该恒定或可变输出电流可提供给诸如发光二极管(LED)的照明设备。可选工作模式包括至少一降压转换器工作模式和另一工作模式，该另一工作模式可能为回扫转换器工作模式。

Description

具有可选降压模式操作的集成电路开关电源控制器
相关申请的引用
本申请要求2010年7月30日提交的序列号为61/369,202的美国临时专利申请和2010年12月20日递交的申请号为12/973,003的美国专利申请的优先权。
技术领域
本发明大体上涉及开关电源电路，并且特别涉及用于控制开关电源电路且具有可选降压工作模式的集成电路控制器。
背景技术
照明控制和电源集成电路(IC)普遍使用在电子系统和可更换的消费照明设备中，例如，替代传统白炽灯的发光二极管(LED)和节能灯(CFL)。为了提供恒定的或可变的发光强度，通常必须对供应到照明设备的电流进行控制。此外，也有其它应用需要受控电流电源。
根据不同要求，如输入电压范围、成本因素和绝缘要求等，需要使用不同的拓扑结构以实现适合不同要求的开关电源。然而，当使用集成电路(IC)控制器控制开关电源时，如果为每种不同拓扑结构生产不同的IC开关电源控制器，对于IC和最终产品都会带来成本、库存和管理要求的提高。
因此，有必要提供一种用于受控电流电源的IC控制器，且该IC控制器可以支持多个电源拓扑。
发明内容
本发明体系为一种集成电路(IC)和其工作方法。IC是一个受控电流开关电源控制器。
IC具有多个可选工作模式，包括降压转换器工作模式和另一工作模式，该另一工作模式可为回扫转换器工作模式。为了保持固定的或可变的输出电流水平，IC控制器通过控制一个或多个位于IC内部或外部的开关设备来控制转换器的周期速率。
如附图所示，本发明的上述以及其它目标、特征和优点将从本发明的优选实施方式的以下更详细的说明中体现。
附图说明
图1是描述根据本发明的实施方式的，包括有开关电源控制器IC10的回扫转换器电源电路的框图。
图2是示出图1的电路内的信号的时序图。
图3是描述根据本发明的另一实施方式的，包括有开关电源控制器IC10的降压转换器电源电路的框图。
图4是示出图3的电路内的信号的时序图。
图5是描述体现本发明的开关电源控制器IC10的细节的框图。
具体实施方式
本发明包括电源控制器集成电路(IC)和其工作方法。在特定的实施方式中，使用控制器IC的电源提供恒定的或可变的输出电流水平，输入到诸如发光二极管(LED)的照明设备。通过根据调光值改变输出电流水平，可控制LED的亮度。IC具有可选工作模式，包括降压转换器模式和另一模式，该另一模式可为回扫转换器工作模式或支持另一拓扑的模式。IC由此支持多个开关电源拓扑。
现参考图1，示出了体现本发明的回扫开关电源电路5。变压器T1是磁储存元件，能将能量转移到LEDLED1。储存元件能量经过二极管D1被转移到LEDLED1，并且转移到充电电容器C1，该充电电容器C1滤掉电源电路5的开关动作产生的脉动电压。变压器T1还在耦合到被整流的线路电压源+VS的初级侧电路与LEDLED1之间起隔离作用，该LED可为一组串联的LED。尽管此处的示例性照明设备是图中的LED，根据本发明的其它体现方式，照明设备LED1也可以是另一类型的照明设备。此外，本发明的技术可使用于其它需要受控电流电源的应用中，例如电机控制应用。
集成电路(IC)10是初级侧控制器，操作开关晶体管N1，本例中该开关晶体管N1位于IC10外部，但其也可能包括在IC10的内部。开关控制器12提供脉冲频率调制(PFM)栅极控制信号“drive”，以改变开关电源电路的周期速率。开关控制器还接收集成电路10的所选工作模式的指示值，该指示值在图中是集成电路10的一个终端提供的逻辑输入信号，当在逻辑低情况(接地)时，该逻辑输入信号选择回扫工作模式，如图所示。根据来自集成电路10内部或外部的调光值DIM，PFM开关信号控制开关晶体管N1的栅极，以控制加到变压器T1的初级线圈的能量的量。根据由电流感测电路16提供的以及从感测变压器T1的初级线圈两端电压的电压感测电路14来的反馈值，供应到LEDLED1的电流由此由开关控制器12控制，使得回扫间隔的终点(当开关晶体管N1没有在传导且次级线圈电流ISEC为非零时)可以被确定，其中，该电流感测电路16在开关晶体管N1进行传导时感测变压器T1的初级线圈电流IPRI的量。
在所示的实施例中，测量初级线圈电流IPRI时，连接在变压器N1的源极与接地之间的感测电阻器R1包括在内。电流感测电路16检测在每个周期由感测电阻器R1两端产生的电压VSENSE的峰值来确定经过变压器T1的初级线圈的峰值电流IPEAK的指示值。峰值电流IPEAK的值被保留(采样)以用于对开关控制器12的下一个开关周期进行控制。
同样在所示的实施例中，在次级线圈电流ISEC为非零且电容器C1进行充电期间，回扫间隔的持续时间由电压感测电路14确定，当变压器T1的初级线圈两端的电压为负和非零时确定，即，从晶体管N1的断开时间开始直到二极管D1停止传导为止的周期tfly的持续时间。电压感测电路14产生逻辑信号z，该逻辑信号z仅在回扫间隔tfly期间是激活的。所采样的峰值初级线圈电流Ipeak和回扫间隔tfly的持续时间都将用于确定栅极控制信号drive的下一个开关周期的周期速率。
现再参考图2，图1的电路内的示例性信号以时序图表现。由初级线圈电流IPRI在时刻t1的峰值电流IPEAK确定的时刻t0与t1之间的第一充电间隔tchg内将能量存储在变压器T1中。栅极驱动信号drive启动开关晶体管N1，并造成初级线圈电流IPRI上升。在时刻t1与t2之间的回扫间隔tfly期间，来自变压器T1的次级线圈的回扫次级电流ISEC经过二极管D1输入充电电容器C1，并向LEDLED1供电。周期时间tcyc之后，开关周期进行重复，这确定了开关电源电路的周期速率。为了使经过LEDLED1的电流IOUT，保持恒定，或用于特定调光值DIM的某个特定电流水平IOUT，(此时所供应的电流可以根据调光值DIM变化)，在回扫转换器模式下，用于产生特定电流水平IOUT的周期时间tcyc由下式给出：
tcyc＝0.5*N*Ipeak/IOUT*tfly
其中，N是变压器T1的匝比(次级线圈/初级线圈)。如下文所示，在降压工作模式中，用以产生特定电流水平IOUT的周期时间公式是不同的。对于控制算法，周期时间可以根据下式来控制：
tcyc＝K*Ipeak*tfly
上式中仅有Ipeak和tfly是可变的。为了保证正常工作，集成电路10的工作模式必须与集成电路10所在的开关电源电路的拓扑结构对应，并且电路中的部件值必须确定用于正确操作，例如，变压器T1的芯(或以下示出的在非隔离降压转换器拓扑中使用的电感器L1)的规格必须能避免在充电间隔tchg期间饱和，以及开关电源设计和部件选择中的其它常见事项也要考虑。
现参考图3，示出了根据本发明的另一实施方式的降压开关电源电路5A。降压开关电源电路5A与图1的回扫开关电源电路5相似，所以以下将仅描述它们之间的不同之处。选择集成电路10的降压工作模式，需将输入端BUCK连接到电源电压的+VDD端。电感器L1为磁储存元件，能量通过该磁储存元件传送到LEDLED1。在降压开关电源电路5A中，二极管D10导通时，晶体管N1导电，此时电流通过LEDLED1。同样当二极管D11导通时，进入回扫间隔，电流也通过LEDLED1。因此，用于提供恒定输出电流IOUT的控制方程与图1的回扫开关电源电路5的控制方程不同。在降压开关电源电路5A中选择的降压工作模式的控制方程由下式给出：
tcyc＝0.5*Ipeak/IOUT*(tchg+tfly)
对于降压控制算法，周期时间可以根据下式进行控制：
tcyc＝K*Ipeak*(tchg+tfly)
降压开关电源电路5A与图1的回扫开关电源电路5的另一不同之处是回扫间隔持续时间tfly的检测方式。电感器L1上有一辅助线圈，提供电源电压+VDD，经过整流二极管D12、滤波电阻器R2和滤波电容器C10对集成电路10进行供电。由电阻器R3和R4形成的电压分压器提供输入电压信号到电压感测电路14A，该输入电压与辅助线圈电压Vaux成比例变化。如图1的回扫开关电源电路5所示，电压感测电路14A可与图1的电压感测电路14相同且可接收来自回扫转换器配置中相同的终端的输入，且通过检测电感器L1的辅助线圈两端的负电压脉冲持续时间，可以测量回扫间隔持续时间tfly)。如图3所示，根据本发明的另一实施方式，通过在变压器T1上提供辅助线圈，图3所示的辅助线圈电路可以作为替代物使用，以检测图1的电路中的初级线圈电压VPRI，该辅助线圈还可用于提供用于对集成电路10供电的电源电压+VDD，如图3所示。
现在参考图4，在时序图中示出了图3的电路内的示例性信号。图4的时序图与图2的时序图相似，所以以下仅将描述它们之间的不同之处。不同于分离初级和次级电流波形，电感器电流IL既具有正的部分，又具有负的部分，正的部分与栅极控制信号drive启动的时间对应，并且负的部分与回扫间隔tfly对应。时刻t0与t1之间的充电间隔tchg将能量存储在电感器L1中，该电感L1由在时刻t1的电感器电流IL的峰值电流Ipeak确定。经过电感器L1的电流同样与充电电流ICHG相同，该充电电流ICHG在充电间隔tchg期间对电容器C1进行充电。由于二极管D11的导通，充电电流ICHG还在回扫间隔tfly期间对电容器C1进行充电，导致充电电流ICHG的波形成三角形。
现参考图5，根据本发明的实施方式示出了集成电路10内的开关控制器12的细节。所描述的电路是示例性的，并且仅提供一个可用于实现开关控制器12的电路的特定实施例。在所描述的实施例中，电流感测电路16包括在开关控制器12中，并且由模拟-数字转换器(ADC)52以及检测峰值电流水平IPEAK的脉冲频率调制器(PFM)50内的逻辑或程序提供。电压感测电路14也包括在开关控制器12中，该电压感测电路14的功能由产生逻辑信号z、辅助(或初级)线圈电压极性的指示的比较器K1来提供。PFM50从而确定回扫间隔tfly的持续时间。根据工作模式选择信号BUCK的状态，选择降压转换器算法54A或回扫转换器算法54B，以产生栅极控制信号drive。
尽管已根据本发明的优选实施方式特别示出并且描述本发明，本领域的主要技术人员将理解：在脱离本发明的精神和范围的情况下，可以在上述和其它形式上以及细节上做出改变。

Claims (19)

1.一种用于控制产生输出电流的电源电路的集成电路，所述集成电路包括：
第一输入，用于接收从所述电源电路的磁储存元件的线圈来的信号；
检测电路，所述检测电路耦合到所述第一输入，用于处理从所述磁储存元件的线圈来的所述信号以检测回扫间隔的持续时间，并且用于确定在充电间隔终点时的所述磁储存元件中的峰值电流的指示值，在所述回扫间隔期间，所述电源电路的所述磁储存元件将电流供应到所述电源电路的输出端，在所述充电间隔期间，所述磁储存元件将从所述电源电路供应的能量存储起来；以及
控制电路，用于产生开关控制信号以根据所述集成电路的可选工作模式来控制所述电源电路的周期速率，所述可选工作模式为在降压工作模式与另一工作模式之间可选的；
其中，在所述降压工作模式下，根据依照第一算法从峰值电流的指示、所述充电间隔的持续时间和所检测的回扫间隔的持续时间计算出的第一值控制所述周期速率，以保持所述输出电流为恒定值，且其中在所述另一工作模式下，根据依照第二算法从峰值电流和所检测的回扫间隔的持续时间计算出的第二值控制所述周期速率，以保持所述输出电流为所述恒定值，其中所述第二算法与所述第一算法不同。
2.根据权利要求1所述的集成电路，其中，在所述降压工作模式中，所述控制电路控制所述电源电路的所述周期速率，以将所述峰值电流的所述指示值与所述回扫间隔的持续时间和所述充电间隔的持续时间之和的乘积保持恒定。
3.根据权利要求2所述的集成电路，其中，所述控制电路根据所述第一算法确定所述开关控制信号的周期时间，其中所述第一算法是以下公式:
tcyc＝K*Ipeak*(tchg+tfly)
其中，K是常数，tcyc是所述周期时间，Ipeak是所述峰值电流的所述指示值，tchg是所述充电间隔的所述持续时间，并且tfly是所述回扫间隔的所述持续时间。
4.根据权利要求1所述的集成电路，其中，所述另一工作模式是回扫工作模式，在所述回扫工作模式中，所述控制电路控制所述电源电路的所述周期速率，以将所述峰值电流的所述指示值与所述回扫间隔的持续时间的乘积保持恒定。
5.根据权利要求4所述的集成电路，其中，所述控制电路根据所述第二算法确定所述开关控制信号的周期时间，其中所述第二算法是以下公式：
tcyc＝K*Ipeak*tfly
其中，K是常数，tcyc是所述周期时间，Ipeak是所述峰值电流的所述指示值，并且tfly是所述回扫间隔的所述持续时间。
6.根据权利要求1所述的集成电路，其中，所述控制电路从调光输入端接收调光值，并且其中，所述控制电路通过所述调光值测量所述周期速率，以根据所述调光值控制所述电源电路的输出电流。
7.根据权利要求1所述集成电路，所述第一输入包括用于与所述磁储存元件的线圈耦合的输入终端，并且其中，所述检测电路耦合到所述输入终端并且对指示所述回扫间隔终点的所述线圈两端电压的变化进行检测。
8.根据权利要求1所述的集成电路，其中，所述电源包括与开关电路串联耦合的电阻器以及所述磁储存元件的线圈，并且其中所述集成电路还包括耦合到所述集成电路的第二输入的电流感测电路，用于耦合到所述电阻器并且感测所述电阻器两端的电压以确定所述峰值电流。
9.根据权利要求1所述的集成电路，还包括具有与所述开关控制信号耦合的栅极的开关晶体管，并且其中，所述集成电路还包括用于耦合所述磁储存元件的线圈的终端。
10.根据权利要求9所述的集成电路，其中，所述检测电路耦合到所述终端，并且检测指示所述回扫间隔终点的所述线圈两端电压的变化。
11.根据权利要求9所述的集成电路，还包括与所述晶体管的漏极-源极连接以及所述终端串联耦合的电阻器，并且还包括电流感测电路具有耦合到所述电阻器的输入，并且感测所述电阻器两端的电压以确定所述峰值电流。
12.一种操作集成电路控制器的方法，所述集成电路能够控制具有降压拓扑或另一拓扑的电源电路以产生恒定输出电流，所述方法包括：
接收一种指示值，该指示值显示所述集成电路控制器是安装在降压转换器电路中还是安装在另一具有另一拓扑的转换器电路中；
如果指示值指示所述集成电路控制器安装在降压转换器电路中，则选择降压工作模式；
如果指示值指示所述集成电路控制器安装在另一转换器电路中，则选择另一工作模式；
检测所述电源的回扫间隔的持续时间；
确定在所述电源的充电间隔期间供应到所述电源的磁储存元件的峰值电流的指示值；
响应于选择所述降压工作模式，根据依照第一算法从峰值电流指示、所述充电间隔的持续时间和所述回扫间隔的持续时间计算出的第一值控制所述降压转换器电路的周期速率，以保持输出电流为恒定值；以及
响应于选择另一工作模式，根据依照与所述第一算法不同的第二算法从所述峰值电流和所述回扫间隔的持续时间计算出的第二控制值控制所述另一转换器电路的所述周期速率，以保持输出电流为恒定值。
13.根据权利要求12所述的方法，其中，响应于选择所述降压工作模式，所述控制对所述电源电路的所述周期速率进行控制，以将所述峰值电流的所述指示值与所述回扫间隔的所述持续时间和所述充电间隔的持续时间之和的乘积保持恒定。
14.根据权利要求13所述的方法，其中，所述响应于选择所述降压工作模式，所述控制根据所述第一算法确定所述电源电路的周期时间，其中所述第一算法是以下公式：
tcyc＝K*Ipeak*(tchg+tfly)
其中，K是恒定的，tcyc是所述周期时间，Ipeak是所述峰值电流的所述指示值，tchg是所述充电间隔的所述持续时间，并且tfly是所述回扫间隔的所述持续时间。
15.根据权利要求12所述的方法，其中，所述另一工作模式是回扫工作模式，在所述回扫工作模式中，所述控制对所述电源电路的所述周期速率进行控制，以将所述峰值电流的所述指示值与所述回扫间隔的持续时间的乘积保持恒定。
16.根据权利要求15所述的方法，其中，相应于所选择的所述回扫工作模式，所述控制根据所述第二算法确定所述电源电路的周期时间，其中所述第二算法是以下公式：
tcyc＝K*Ipeak*tfly
其中，K是常数，tcyc是所述周期时间，Ipeak是所述峰值电流的所述指示值，tfly是所述回扫间隔的所述持续时间。
17.根据权利要求12所述的方法，还包括接收从调光输入端来的调光值，并且其中，所述控制根据所述调光值调整所述周期速率，以根据所述调光值控制所述电源电路的输出电流。
18.一种用于控制电源电路的集成电路，所述集成电路包括控制电路，所述控制电路用于根据所述集成电路的可选工作模式控制所述电源电路的周期速率，所述可选工作模式是在降压工作模式或另一工作模式之间可选，以产生所述电源电路的输出电流，其中，在所述降压工作模式中，根据依据由第一算法计算出的第一值确定所述周期速率，以保持所述输出电流为恒定值，其中该计算来自在所述电源电路的开关周期中通过所述电源电路的磁存储元件的线圈的峰值电流、充电间隔的持续时间和回扫间隔的持续时间；
并且其中，在所述另一工作模式中，根据依据由与所述第一算法不同的第二算法计算出的第二值确定所述周期速率，以保持所述输出电流为恒定值，其中该计算来自在该开关周期中通过所述电源电压的磁存储元件的峰值电流和回扫间隔的持续时间。
19.一种从集成电路控制器控制电源电路的方法，所述方法包括：
选择所述集成电路控制器的工作模式，其中，所述工作模式是在降压工作模式与另一工作模式之间可选的；
根据所选的工作模式控制所述电源电路的周期速率以产生所述电源电路的输出电流，其中，在所述降压工作模式中，根据依照第一算法，从在电源电路的开关周期期间通过所述电源电路的磁存储元件的线圈的峰值电流、充电间隔的持续时间和回扫间隔的持续时间计算出的第一值控制所述周期速率，以保持所述输出电流为恒定值，
并且其中，在所述另一工作模式中，根据依据与所述第一算法不同的第二算法从在该开关周期期间峰值电流通过所述电源电压的磁存储元件的线圈的峰值电流和回扫间隔的持续时间第二值确定所述周期速率，以保持所述输出电流为恒定值。
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