CN102333824A - 金属表面保护涂层及其生产方法 - Google Patents
金属表面保护涂层及其生产方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN102333824A CN102333824A CN2010800092357A CN201080009235A CN102333824A CN 102333824 A CN102333824 A CN 102333824A CN 2010800092357 A CN2010800092357 A CN 2010800092357A CN 201080009235 A CN201080009235 A CN 201080009235A CN 102333824 A CN102333824 A CN 102333824A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- requirement
- purposes
- compsn
- powder
- aforementioned
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D1/00—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, based on inorganic substances
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J19/02—Apparatus characterised by being constructed of material selected for its chemically-resistant properties
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/01—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
- C04B35/10—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on aluminium oxide
- C04B35/111—Fine ceramics
- C04B35/117—Composites
- C04B35/119—Composites with zirconium oxide
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/626—Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B
- C04B35/63—Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B using additives specially adapted for forming the products, e.g.. binder binders
- C04B35/632—Organic additives
- C04B35/634—Polymers
- C04B35/63404—Polymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C04B35/63444—Nitrogen-containing polymers, e.g. polyacrylamides, polyacrylonitriles, polyvinylpyrrolidone [PVP], polyethylenimine [PEI]
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D5/00—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, characterised by their physical nature or the effects produced; Filling pastes
- C09D5/18—Fireproof paints including high temperature resistant paints
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D7/00—Features of coating compositions, not provided for in group C09D5/00; Processes for incorporating ingredients in coating compositions
- C09D7/40—Additives
- C09D7/60—Additives non-macromolecular
- C09D7/61—Additives non-macromolecular inorganic
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D7/00—Features of coating compositions, not provided for in group C09D5/00; Processes for incorporating ingredients in coating compositions
- C09D7/40—Additives
- C09D7/66—Additives characterised by particle size
- C09D7/68—Particle size between 100-1000 nm
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D7/00—Features of coating compositions, not provided for in group C09D5/00; Processes for incorporating ingredients in coating compositions
- C09D7/40—Additives
- C09D7/66—Additives characterised by particle size
- C09D7/69—Particle size larger than 1000 nm
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D7/00—Features of coating compositions, not provided for in group C09D5/00; Processes for incorporating ingredients in coating compositions
- C09D7/40—Additives
- C09D7/70—Additives characterised by shape, e.g. fibres, flakes or microspheres
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G9/00—Thermal non-catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils
- C10G9/14—Thermal non-catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils in pipes or coils with or without auxiliary means, e.g. digesters, soaking drums, expansion means
- C10G9/16—Preventing or removing incrustation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G9/00—Thermal non-catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils
- C10G9/14—Thermal non-catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils in pipes or coils with or without auxiliary means, e.g. digesters, soaking drums, expansion means
- C10G9/18—Apparatus
- C10G9/20—Tube furnaces
- C10G9/203—Tube furnaces chemical composition of the tubes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
- C23C24/02—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of pressure only
- C23C24/04—Impact or kinetic deposition of particles
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
- C23C24/08—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C26/00—Coating not provided for in groups C23C2/00 - C23C24/00
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/02—Apparatus characterised by their chemically-resistant properties
- B01J2219/0204—Apparatus characterised by their chemically-resistant properties comprising coatings on the surfaces in direct contact with the reactive components
- B01J2219/0218—Apparatus characterised by their chemically-resistant properties comprising coatings on the surfaces in direct contact with the reactive components of ceramic
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/02—Apparatus characterised by their chemically-resistant properties
- B01J2219/0204—Apparatus characterised by their chemically-resistant properties comprising coatings on the surfaces in direct contact with the reactive components
- B01J2219/0236—Metal based
- B01J2219/024—Metal oxides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3217—Aluminum oxide or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. bauxite, alpha-alumina
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3224—Rare earth oxide or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. scandium oxide
- C04B2235/3229—Cerium oxides or oxide-forming salts thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3231—Refractory metal oxides, their mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof
- C04B2235/3232—Titanium oxides or titanates, e.g. rutile or anatase
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3262—Manganese oxides, manganates, rhenium oxides or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. MnO
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/327—Iron group oxides, their mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof
- C04B2235/3272—Iron oxides or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. hematite, magnetite
- C04B2235/3274—Ferrites
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3281—Copper oxides, cuprates or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. CuO or Cu2O
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/50—Constituents or additives of the starting mixture chosen for their shape or used because of their shape or their physical appearance
- C04B2235/54—Particle size related information
- C04B2235/5418—Particle size related information expressed by the size of the particles or aggregates thereof
- C04B2235/5436—Particle size related information expressed by the size of the particles or aggregates thereof micrometer sized, i.e. from 1 to 100 micron
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/50—Constituents or additives of the starting mixture chosen for their shape or used because of their shape or their physical appearance
- C04B2235/54—Particle size related information
- C04B2235/5418—Particle size related information expressed by the size of the particles or aggregates thereof
- C04B2235/5445—Particle size related information expressed by the size of the particles or aggregates thereof submicron sized, i.e. from 0,1 to 1 micron
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/50—Constituents or additives of the starting mixture chosen for their shape or used because of their shape or their physical appearance
- C04B2235/54—Particle size related information
- C04B2235/5463—Particle size distributions
- C04B2235/5472—Bimodal, multi-modal or multi-fraction
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/70—Aspects relating to sintered or melt-casted ceramic products
- C04B2235/96—Properties of ceramic products, e.g. mechanical properties such as strength, toughness, wear resistance
- C04B2235/9646—Optical properties
- C04B2235/9661—Colour
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/10—Metal compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K7/00—Use of ingredients characterised by shape
- C08K7/22—Expanded, porous or hollow particles
- C08K7/24—Expanded, porous or hollow particles inorganic
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G2300/00—Aspects relating to hydrocarbon processing covered by groups C10G1/00 - C10G99/00
- C10G2300/70—Catalyst aspects
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/27—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component, the element or component having a specified weight per unit area [e.g., gms/sq cm, lbs/sq ft, etc.]
- Y10T428/273—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component, the element or component having a specified weight per unit area [e.g., gms/sq cm, lbs/sq ft, etc.] of coating
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Nanotechnology (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
- Other Surface Treatments For Metallic Materials (AREA)
Abstract
本发明涉及包含纳米粉末、多孔陶瓷粉末和溶剂的组合物在保护金属表面以防在高温下,特别是在还原和/或渗碳气氛中化学侵蚀中的用途,和相应的方法。本发明进一步涉及一种包括在操作状态下暴露于还原和/或渗碳气氛下的金属表面的系统部件,其中所述表面涂有比表面积为至少20m2/g的多孔保护涂层。
Description
本发明涉及一种用于保护金属表面以防在高温范围内化学侵蚀的金属表面保护涂层。该说明书描述了这种涂层的生产方法以及具有这种涂层的装置部件。
高温腐蚀指在高温下的化学过程,在此期间,材料与周围介质(通常是热气)之间发生反应,导致损害材料。损害类似于在湿腐蚀情况下产生的损害,因此原则上可发生所有可能形式的腐蚀如均匀区域腐蚀和点腐蚀。
然而,这种损害不总是剥落(被氧气氧化)的结果,而是通常也可能由碳的存在导致。如果金属材料与包含一氧化碳、甲烷或其它含碳组分的低氧气体混合物在高温下接触,特别是在低氧含量的情况下,可发生所谓的材料渗碳。渗碳通常为一种处理钢的方法,由于它们的低碳含量,所述钢不能硬化或仅可较差地硬化。在该方法中,使钢的边缘层富含碳使得可在那里形成马丁体并可产生硬边缘层。然而,如果钢中的碳含量超过某一限度,钢变脆。形成金属碳化物,这些又分解形成碳和松散的金属颗粒,此时可特别地局部发生点腐蚀。渗碳产生的这些效果称为“金属粉化”。
非常频繁地发生金属粉化效应的渗碳、还原条件特别发现于煤气化、石油化学加工,这里特别是裂化(蒸汽裂化器)、煤液化和气化、合成气反应器(蒸汽重整器)、加工合成气的装置如甲烷生产,和氨生产中。其中金属粉化起作用的其它工业规模装置特别是其中进行氢化反应和脱氢反应的装置。
已知可通过加入精确计量量的硫而防止金属粉化效应。元素硫可吸附在金属表面上,然后阻断表面聚集碳。然而,由于多种原因,硫的使用不总是可能的。例如,首先已知硫是强催化剂毒物,其次硫的使用可引起形成硫酸,这就其而言可导致损害。
还已知通过以目标方式在金属表面上形成保护层而保护以防金属粉化。例如,US 2008/0020216描述了在钢表面上形成金属层(含有镍和铝),在第二步中,在所述金属层上形成优选含有氧化铝、三氧化二铬、二氧化硅和/或富铝红柱石的氧化物层。
EP 799639公开了一种保护以防金属粉化且具有由透气绝热材料构成的绝缘层的金属表面。该绝缘层防护金属表面以防操作期间的热气。它优选由多孔绝缘混凝土、多孔模块或一层陶瓷纤维组成。
EP 0724010也具有类似的公开内容。所述文献描述了绝热化合物多孔层,利用所述多孔层保护热气管线以防碳化物形成。没有提供关于绝热保护化合物的组成的信息。
EP 1717330描述了一种特别意欲用于含碳气氛中的金属管线。金属管线的表面富含铜,其中铜的比例为至少0.1原子%。
US 2005/0170197公开了一种耐金属粉化的组合物。这是一种在含碳气氛中可在其表面上形成碳化钛的合金。
由DE 10116762中已知通过以共扩散工艺在材料表面上形成金属保护层而改善金属材料在还原、硫化和/或渗碳气氛中在高温下的耐腐蚀性。所述文献提出使用重量比为1∶0.1-5的纯金属粉末形式的扩散元素铝和钛。
保护以防腐蚀效应如金属粉化的其它涂层由DE 10104169中已知。该专利申请描述了一种或多种硅烷的水解和缩聚在要保护的材料表面上产生成层凝胶,该凝胶然后通过随后热处理而烧结形成致密的无机保护层。
一些已知程序提供非常有效的保护以防金属粉化,但主要是复杂且昂贵。仍需要保护在金属粉化风险中的材料和装置部件的其它方案。本发明基于找到这种方案的目的。所述方案应尽可能地简单以在技术上实现以及节省成本,且所得保护以防金属粉化应至少如现有技术已知的程序有效。
该目的通过具有权利要求1的特征的用途和具有权利要求2的特征的方法实现。本发明方法和本发明用途的优选实施方案可在从属权利要求3-18中找到。此外,本发明还涉及如权利要求19要求的装置部件。该装置部件的优选实施方案在权利要求20-22中给出。在此通过引用将所有权利要求的措辞结合在本说明书中。
EP 1427870公开了一种用于烤炉的自洁式陶瓷层以及一种生产这种层的方法。为生产这种层,形成至少一种多孔陶瓷粉末以及含有至少一种纳米粉末和溶剂的无机粘合剂体系的批料。然后将该批料应用于形成烤炉内壁的金属板上并硬化。所得多孔陶瓷层具有非常高的吸取能力。出现的有机杂质可转移至层内部,它们在那里分布在非常大的(内)表面上。因此,杂质可甚至在250℃的温度下分解而不需要催化剂。
令人惊讶的是,现已发现这种层也非常适于防止由于金属粉化导致的对金属表面的损害。
因此,本发明特别涉及包含纳米粉末、至少一种多孔陶瓷粉末和溶剂的组合物在保护表面以防高温下的化学侵蚀中的用途。本发明同样涉及一种使用所述组合物保护金属表面以防高温下的化学侵蚀的方法。
如引言中已提到的,损害由于特别在还原和/或渗碳气氛中在高温下的金属粉化而产生,并特别存在于化学和石油化学装置中。在本申请上下文中,“高温”应当理解为指400-900℃,特别优选500-800℃的温度。
术语“渗碳”已在引言中提到。在本申请上下文中,这应理解为特别指元素碳到金属表面的扩散。要防止的金属粉化是该扩散的结果。
在本申请上下文中,“还原气氛”应理解为特别指优选基本不含分子氧的低氧气气氛。还原气氛优选通过高比例的氢气和/或一氧化碳而显著。具有还原和渗碳性能的气氛的典型实例为引言中已提到的合成气,已知所述合成气基本由氢气和一氧化碳组成。
在使用多孔陶瓷粉末和纳米粉末的情况下,本发明所用组合物通常包含至少两种固体组分。这里,纳米粉末主要具有多孔陶瓷粉末的粘合剂的功能。它本身通常不是多孔的。
然而,在优选实施方案中,组合物所述还包含一种或多种其它组分。
作为这种其它组分,所述组合物可特别包含至少一种尖晶石化合物。其优选作为粉末存在。已知尖晶石为一般类型AB2X4的化合物,其中A为二价金属阳离子,B为三价金属阳离子,X主要为氧化物或硫化物。特别地,尖晶石化合物作为彩色颜料用于工业中。根据本发明优选的尖晶石的实例可在下文进一步找到。
此外,除或代替至少一种尖晶石化合物,本发明所用组合物可优选包含至少一种特别来自过渡金属氧化物、稀土氧化物和/或贵金属的催化活性组分作为其它组分。已发现要生产的层的保护作用甚至可通过加入这些组分而进一步改善。
也可任选将其它陶瓷粉末,特别是第三陶瓷粉末混入组合物中,优选用于孔隙率的目标设定。其它陶瓷粉本身不必须是多孔的。
在本申请上下文中,术语“纳米粉末”应理解为特别指由平均粒度为5-100nm,特别是5-50nm的颗粒组成的粉末。
纳米粉末优选基本由粒度为1nm-100nm,优选1-50nm的颗粒组成。因此,纳米粉末优选不含任何粒度在所述上限以上的颗粒。
多孔陶瓷粉末的平均粒度优选明显大于纳米粉末的平均粒度。它通常超过纳米粉末的平均粒度至少2的因数,优选至少5的因数,特别是至少10的因数。特别优选它为1-200μm,优选1-100μm。
多孔陶瓷粉末优选基本由粒度为500nm-200μm,优选500nm-100μm的颗粒组成。
纳米颗粒具有通常被反应性基团,特别是羟基占据的格外大的比表面积。纳米颗粒的表面基团甚至在室温下能与相对粗粒材料,例如此时多孔陶瓷粉末的表面基团交联。由于它们的高曲率半径,纳米颗粒还具有极高的表面能。甚至在相对较低温度下,该高表面能可导致纳米颗粒向要结合的相对粗粒颗粒(多孔陶瓷粉末)的接触点材料转移(扩散)。本发明所用组合物中纳米颗粒的使用因此使得组合物甚至可在相对较低温度下固化。
由于较粗颗粒如多孔陶瓷粉末的那些具有比纳米颗粒低得多的表面能,较粗颗粒的材料转移在这些低温下不发生或几乎不发生。因此,可得到具有极高比表面积的开孔结构(孔相互连接)。
具有高比表面积的该孔结构对于在要保护的金属表面上生产的层的效果最重要。可影响所述结构的所有参数因此起重要作用。这些还特别包括所用粉末的粒度分布。关于粒度分布,特别是关于平均粒度的现有信息涉及已通过光散射实验或由X射线衍射得到的数值。
因此,还存在关于至少一种尖晶石化合物以及关于可能存在的至少一种催化活性组分如上述过渡金属氧化物和/或稀土氧化物和/或所述贵金属的优选平均粒度。非常特别优选这些为50nm-5μm,特别是100-1000nm。
任选存在的第三陶瓷粉末优选具有平均粒度为10nm-1μm,优选150-800nm的颗粒。
关于要形成的层的孔隙率的另一重要参数当然为所用多孔陶瓷粉末的表面积。后者优选具有至少50m2/g,优选>100m2/g,特别优选>150m2/g的比表面积。
多孔或粒状固体的内表面包括存在于其中的所有表面的总数,即还包括在各颗粒之间或通过孔边缘产生的那些。内表面的实际测定变量为上述比表面积。比表面积可通过各种表面测量确定。关于比表面积的现有信息涉及通过吸着方法(特别是通过BET方法)得到的数值。
本发明所用组合物中所用溶剂优选为极性溶剂,非常特别优选水。然而,作为选择,也可使用作为混合物或与水组合的醇如2-丁氧基乙醇、乙醇、1-丙醇或2-丙醇。
氧化铝、AlO(OH)、二氧化锆、二氧化钛、二氧化硅、Fe3O4、氧化锡的颗粒或这些颗粒的混合物优选用作纳米粉末。关于合适纳米颗粒的选择,参考EP 1427870。
所用多孔陶瓷粉末优选由元素硅、铝、硼、锌、锆、镉、钛或铁的氧化物、氧化物水合物、氮化物和碳化物的多孔颗粒或这些颗粒的混合物组成。特别优选氧化物粉末,其中特别是氧化铝、勃姆石、氧化锆、氧化铁、二氧化硅和/或二氧化钛。也可使用硅酸盐、石粉、珍珠岩或沸石。关于合适多孔陶瓷粉末的选择,也参考EP 1427870。
回到上文已提到的尖晶石化合物:已证明含有铁、锰、铜、钴、铝和/或铬的尖晶石化合物特别合适。在本发明上下文中,特别优选使用铁锰铜尖晶石。
从根本上,所有已知的过渡金属基催化剂适用作催化活性组分。特别优选使用银、铂、钯和/或铑。这里,这些可以以金属形式(例如作为溶胶)和以溶解形式(例如以溶解的银离子形式)使用。
任选存在的第三陶瓷粉在材料方面优选为元素Si、Al、B、Zn、Zr、Cd、Ti、Ce、Sn、In、La、Fe、Cu、Ta、Nb、V、Mo或W,优选Si、Zr、Al、Fe和/或Ti的氧化物、氧化物水合物、硫属元素化物、氮化物或碳化物。特别优选使用氧化物如氧化铝。另外,还优选使用勃姆石、氧化锆、氧化铁、二氧化硅、二氧化钛、硅酸盐和/或石粉的颗粒。
组合物中多孔陶瓷粉末的含量优选为20-90重量%(基于组合物的固体含量)。在该范围内,进一步优选50-80重量%的数值。
组合物中纳米粉末的含量特别为1-25重量%,特别优选3-15重量%。这些数值在每种情况下也涉及组合物的固体含量。
至少一种尖晶石化合物通常以1-25重量%的比例存在于组合物中。3-15重量%的比例是特别优选的(每种情况下又基于组合物的固体含量)。
除已提到的组分外,本发明所用组合物还可包含其它组分,特别包含填料和添加剂。例如,填料可以为陶瓷纤维。合适的添加剂特别是分散剂、流动控制剂和用于设定本发明所用组合物的流变性能的试剂。合适的添加剂为本领域技术人员所知,不需要更详细地解释。
如果加入添加剂,则它们以相对较少的量加入,特别是考虑到必须存在的上述组分的比例。这同样适用于至少一种催化活性组分。
从根本上,可通过任何已知的应用方法将组合物应用于要保护的表面上。特别优选例如旋涂、浸涂、浸渍、流涂的方法,特别是喷雾。就这点而言,最佳途径取决于要应用的组合物的稠度和当地条件。
在已应用组合物以后,通常将其静置干燥。固化然后优选在至多1200℃的温度下进行。过高的温度不是有利的,这是由于否则层可进行致密烧结并损失孔隙率。此外,可能的最大烧结温度由下面的金属基质确定。特别优选200-1000℃的温度。
如已提到的,根据本发明的保护涂层特别用于保护以防如在还原和/或渗碳气氛下发生的高温下的化学侵蚀,其可特别在引言所述化学和石油化学装置中发现。如果它具有高比表面积,则这种保护层是有效的。
因此,本发明涉及具有在操作状态下暴露于还原和/或渗碳气氛下的金属表面,且在其表面上具有比表面积为至少20m2/g的保护涂层的所有装置部件。
保护涂层优选具有上述开孔结构,并特别可由上述组合物生产。
多孔保护涂层特别优选具有至少70m2/g,特别优选大于120m2/g的比表面积。具有这种孔隙率的保护涂层具有显著的保护作用以防金属粉化。
本发明装置部件特别优选为化学或石油化学装置的部件,特别是用于煤气化和/或煤液化、生产或加工合成气、生产氨的装置,氢化或脱氢装置或蒸汽裂化器的部件。这里,在最简单的情况下,其可例如为管线。
本发明的其它特征将由以下优选实施方案的描述以及图和从属权利要求变得明显。就这点而言,各个特征在本发明的一个实施方案中可通过本身或作为彼此组合的复数形式分别实现。所述优选实施方案仅用于阐明和更好地理解本发明,应决不理解为限制性的。
附图描述:
图1显示用于进行金属粉化测试的未涂覆测试板材。
图2显示暴露以后空白测试的状态。
图3显示暴露以后涂覆样品的状态。
图4显示暴露以后其它涂覆样品的状态。
实施例
实施例1:生产涂覆浆料004ZT
作为初始进料引入100g 2.5%浓度的HNO3。将1.7g三氧杂癸酸、4.8g3%浓度的聚乙烯吡咯烷酮溶液以及1g 20%浓度的BYK 380N溶液依次加入其中,同时搅拌。
同时在粉末混合机中生产包含浆料所有固体组分的混合物。为此,将147.4g Al2O3(平均粒度80μm)、31.72g Al2O3(平均粒度0.7μm)以及21g铁锰铜尖晶石颜料依次引入粉末混合机中,紧密混合1小时。将该粉末混合物加入已预混合的含水组分中,通过溶解器进行混合另外30分钟。最后将28.4g含水纳米ZrO2悬浮液(40重量%固体材料)以及另外6.9g水作为液化剂加入所述混合物中。将该混合物搅拌另外30分钟。作为选择,可将整个混合物或其部分通过在搅拌球磨机(Drais磨机或超微磨碎机)中的行程而均化。最终涂覆浆料称为004ZT。
实施例2:生产涂覆浆料004T2T
作为初始进料引入103g 2.5%浓度的HNO3。将1.7g三氧杂癸酸、4.8g3%浓度的聚乙烯吡咯烷酮溶液以及1g 20%浓度的BYK 380N溶液依次加入其中,同时搅拌。
同时在粉末混合机中生产包含浆料所有固体组分的混合物。为此,将151.9g Al2O3(平均粒度80μm)、32.6g Al2O3(平均粒度0.7μm)以及21.7g铁锰铜尖晶石颜料依次引入粉末混合机中,紧密混合1小时。将该粉末混合物加入已预混合的含水组分中,通过溶解器进行混合另外30分钟。最后将28.4g含水纳米TiO2悬浮液(41重量%固体材料)加入所述混合物中。将该混合物搅拌另外30分钟。作为选择,可将整个混合物或其部分通过在搅拌球磨机(Drais磨机或超微磨碎机)中的行程而均化。最终涂覆浆料称为004T2T。
实施例3:生产涂覆浆料002C4
作为初始进料引入43.8g 2.5%浓度的HNO3。将1.1g三氧杂癸酸、2.9g3%浓度的聚乙烯吡咯烷酮溶液以及0.6g 20%浓度的BYK 380N溶液依次加入其中,同时搅拌。
同时在粉末混合机中生产包含浆料所有固体组分的混合物。为此,将98.3g Al2O3(平均粒度80μm)、14.9g Al2O3(平均粒度0.7μm)以及11.9g铁锰铜尖晶石颜料依次引入粉末混合机中,紧密混合1小时。将该粉末混合物加入已预混合的含水组分中,通过溶解器进行混合另外30分钟。最后将36.4g含水纳米CeO2悬浮液(20重量%固体材料)加入所述混合物中。将该混合物搅拌另外30分钟。作为选择,可将整个混合物或其部分通过在搅拌球磨机(Drais磨机或超微磨碎机)中的行程而均化。最终涂覆浆料称为002C4。
实施例4:生产浆料T2T(80%)C5D(20%)
作为初始进料引入65g 2.5%浓度的HNO3。将1.2g三氧杂癸酸、3.1g3%浓度的聚乙烯吡咯烷酮溶液以及0.7g 20%浓度的BYK 380N溶液依次加入其中,同时搅拌。
同时在粉末混合机中生产包含浆料所有固体组分的混合物。为此,将103.3g Al2O3(平均粒度80μm)、15.6g Al2O3(平均粒度0.7μm)以及12.5g铁锰铜尖晶石颜料依次引入粉末混合机中,紧密混合1小时。将该粉末混合物加入已预混合的含水组分中,通过溶解器进行混合另外30分钟。最后将14.9g含水纳米TiO2悬浮液(41重量%固体材料)以及4.3g含水纳米CeO2悬浮液(36重量%固体材料)加入所述混合物中。将该混合物搅拌另外30分钟。作为选择,可将整个混合物或其部分通过在搅拌球磨机(Drais磨机或超微磨碎机)中的行程而均化。最终涂覆浆料称为T2T(80)C5D(20)。
实施例5:合成铂溶胶
用PVP(聚乙烯吡咯烷酮)稳定化且具有长期稳定性的铂溶胶的合成使用六氯铂(IV)酸作为前体通过用甲醇还原而进行。为此,将PVP和六氯铂(IV)酸溶于水/甲醇混合物中。滴加0.1N NaOH的甲醇溶液,同时搅拌。将反应混合物逆流洗涤直至形成均匀的暗色胶状铂溶液。胶体经数月稳定且透明。通过TEM表征显示存在解聚至最大可能程度且直径为约5nm的非常均匀的铂颗粒。
(引用:Journal of Colloid and Surface Science 210,218-221(1999):聚合物稳定的贵金属胶体的制备)
实施例6:合成纳米CeO2
选择碱性沉淀,随后水热处理生产二氧化铈纳米颗粒。由硝酸铈(III)六水合物开始,经由用氨水沉淀,随后在压力蒸煮容器中在250℃下水热处理,取出之后离心并煅烧得到微晶大小为10nm(根据Scherrer)的粉状立方体CeO2。
实施例7:金属粉化测试-测试薄板的涂覆
使用Dremel在待涂覆薄板(大小:20×15mm)的较短侧做标记以便稍后识别样品。样品命名由磨到端面上的不同刮痕数产生。样品命名x.o(其中x=1至4)指在孔的一侧上磨出标记,而命名为x.u(其中x=1至4)的样品在孔的相反侧上具有标记(参见图1)。
涂覆
在涂覆以前将所有基质喷砂并用异丙醇脱脂。
每种情况下将两个薄板用相同的涂料涂覆。除样品4.u和4.o外,所有样品的原料为含有TiO2纳米粘合剂的涂料004T2T。
随后将涂层用贵金属或CeO2浸渍。两个样品4.u和4.o的层分别使用CeO2纳米粘合剂和TiO2/CeO2混合纳米粘合剂制备。
薄板都通过喷雾使用具有1.0mm喷嘴的Mini Sata Jet喷枪在1.5巴的压力下涂覆。
样品的观察
a)样品0(无刻痕):涂覆004T2T+用Ag溶液(0.8%)浸渍
在将层干燥(85℃/1小时)和烧制(830℃/5分钟)以后,使用移液管逐滴应用0.8%浓度的银溶液,使得完全浸渍涂层。逐滴应用的确切量未测定。银溶液使用水分散性胶态银粉末制备。然后将样品在85℃下干燥1小时,然后在300℃下干燥2天。
b)样品1.u(1个刻痕,在孔的相反侧上):涂覆004T2T+用Pt胶体浸渍
在将层干燥(85℃/1小时)和烧制(830℃/5分钟)以后,使用移液管逐滴应用胶态铂溶液(180ppm Pt浓度),使得完全浸渍涂层。逐滴应用的确切量未测定。用PVP(聚乙烯吡咯烷酮)稳定化并具有长期稳定性的铂溶胶的合成使用六氯铂(IV)酸作为前体通过用甲醇还原而进行。然后将样品在85℃下干燥1小时,然后在300℃下干燥2天。
c)样品2.u(2个刻痕,在孔的相反侧上):涂覆004T2T+用CeO2溶液(0.5%,在蒸馏H2O中)浸渍(在未淬火陶瓷上)
在将层在室温下干燥以后,使用移液管将0.5%浓度的n-CeO2溶液逐滴应用在未淬火陶瓷层上,使得完全浸渍涂层,但未淬火陶瓷层未脱离。逐滴应用的确切量未测定。然后将样品在85℃下干燥1小时,然后在830℃下烧制5分钟。纳米CeO2粉末由硝酸铈(III)开始,经由用氨水沉淀,随后在压力蒸煮容器中在250℃下水热处理而制备。
d)样品3.u(3个刻痕,在孔的相反侧上):涂覆004T2T+用CeO2溶液(0.5%,在蒸馏H2O中)浸渍(在烧结陶瓷上)
在将层干燥(85℃/1小时)和烧制(830℃/5分钟)以后,使用移液管逐滴应用0.5%浓度的n-CeO2溶液,使得完全浸渍涂层。逐滴应用的确切量未测定。然后将样品在85℃下干燥1小时,然后在300℃下干燥2天。
d)样品4.u(4个刻痕,在孔的相反侧上):涂覆浆料中具有CeO2溶胶的002C4
这些样品不同于其它样品之处在于浆料含有市售的CeO2溶胶(固体材料:20%)而不是TiO2纳米粘合剂。随后不将浆料用CeO2溶胶浸渍,而是将溶胶加入浆料中。将涂层在85℃下干燥1小时,然后在830℃下烧制5分钟。
e)样品1.o(1个刻痕,在孔的一侧上):涂覆004T2T+Pt(还原性)
在将层干燥(85℃/1小时)和烧制(830℃/5分钟)以后,使用移液管逐滴应用六氯铂(IV)酸六水合物的水溶液(3000ppm),使得完全浸渍涂层。将浸渍过的样品在500℃的温度下用合成气体(10体积%H2,在N2中)处理2小时以实现铂的还原。
f)样品2.o(2个刻痕,在孔的一侧上):涂覆004T2T+Pd(还原性)
在将层干燥(85℃/1小时)和烧制(830℃/5分钟)以后,使用移液管逐滴应用氯化钯(II)的水溶液(3000ppm),使得完全浸渍涂层。将浸渍过的样品在500℃的温度下用合成气体(10体积%H2,在N2中)处理2小时以实现钯的还原。
g)样品3.o(3个刻痕,在孔的一侧上):涂覆004T2T+Rh(还原性)
在将层干燥(85℃/1小时)和烧制(830℃/5分钟)以后,使用移液管逐滴应用氯化铑(III)三水合物的水溶液(3000ppm),使得完全浸渍涂层。将浸渍过的样品在500℃的温度下用合成气体(10体积%H2,在N2中)处理2小时以实现铑的还原。
h)样品4.o(4个刻痕,在孔的一侧上):涂覆004T2T/C5D
这些样品不同于其它样品之处在于浆料含有比率为80∶20(配制剂004T2T(80)/C5D(20))的TiO2纳米粘合剂和CeO2纳米粘合剂(用聚丙烯酸酯作为表面分散剂研磨的来自所述CeO2合成的n-CeO2)。将样品在85℃下干燥1小时,然后在675℃下烧制1小时。
测试和结果描述
将上述样品悬挂在由石英制成的架子上,将样品架安装在垂直管式炉的石英管中。当用氮气冲洗石英管时,将炉加热。当达到650℃的保温温度时,换成74体积%H2、24体积%CO和2体积%H2O的气体混合物。气体的体积流速在室温下为20L/h。设定1.5巴的压力。样品在这些条件下的总暴露时间为3周(504小时)。在关掉炉以后,当用氮气冲洗时,将样品在炉中冷却,记录样品的状态。
结果可基于视觉评估讨论。
图2显示暴露以后空白测试的状态。可以清楚地看出严重的碳沉淀。相反,涂覆样品在暴露以后没有发生或发生很少的碳沉淀,如图3和4例如在样品3.u和2.u上显示。显然,此时涂层能成功地防止在基质上的侵袭。上表中提到的其它实施例给出类似的结果。
Claims (22)
1.包含纳米粉末、多孔陶瓷粉末和溶剂的组合物在保护金属表面以防在高温下,特别是在还原和/或渗碳气氛中化学侵蚀中的用途。
2.一种保护金属表面以防在高温下,特别是在还原和/或渗碳气氛中化学侵蚀的方法,其中将包含纳米粉末、多孔陶瓷粉末和溶剂的成层组合物应用于要保护的金属表面上并固化。
3.如权利要求1要求的用途或如权利要求2要求的方法,其特征在于所述组合物包含至少一种尖晶石化合物,特别是粉末形式的尖晶石化合物作为其它组分。
4.如前述权利要求中任一项要求的用途或方法,其特征在于所述组合物包含至少一种来自过渡金属氧化物、稀土氧化物和/或贵金属的催化活性组分作为其它组分。
5.如前述权利要求中任一项要求的用途或方法,其特征在于纳米粉末的平均粒度为5-100nm,优选5-50nm。
6.如前述权利要求中任一项要求的用途或方法,其特征在于多孔陶瓷粉末的平均粒度为1-200μm,优选1-100μm。
7.如权利要求3-6中任一项要求的用途或方法,其特征在于以平均粒度为50nm-5μm的粉末使用至少一种尖晶石化合物。
8.如前述权利要求中任一项要求的用途或方法,其特征在于多孔陶瓷粉末的比表面积为至少50m2/g,优选>100m2/g,特别优选>150m2/g。
9.如前述权利要求中任一项要求的用途或方法,其特征在于溶剂为极性溶剂,特别是水。
10.如前述权利要求中任一项要求的用途或方法,其特征在于将Al2O3、AlO(OH)、ZrO2、TiO2、SiO2、Fe3O4、SnO2的颗粒或这些颗粒的混合物用作纳米粉末。
11.如前述权利要求中任一项要求的用途或方法,其特征在于将元素Si、Al、B、Zn、Zr、Cd、Fe或Ti的氧化物、氧化物水合物、氮化物和碳化物或这些颗粒的混合物用作多孔陶瓷粉末。
12.如权利要求3-11中任一项要求的用途或方法,其特征在于将铁锰铜尖晶石用作尖晶石化合物。
13.如权利要求3-12中任一项要求的用途或方法,其特征在于将银、铂、钯和/或铑用作催化活性组分。
14.如前述权利要求中任一项要求的用途或方法,其特征在于组合物中多孔陶瓷粉末的含量为20-90重量%,优选50-80重量%(每种情况下基于组合物的固体含量)。
15.如前述权利要求中任一项要求的用途或方法,其特征在于组合物中纳米粉末的含量为1-25重量%,优选3-15重量%(每种情况下基于组合物的固体含量)。
16.如权利要求3-15中任一项要求的用途或方法,其特征在于至少一种尖晶石化合物以1-25重量%,优选3-15重量%的比例存在于组合物中(每种情况下基于组合物的固体含量)。
17.如前述权利要求中任一项要求的方法,其特征在于将组合物通过例如旋涂、浸涂、浸渍、流涂的方法,优选喷雾应用于要保护的金属表面上。
18.如前述权利要求中任一项要求的方法,其特征在于将组合物在至多1200℃,优选200-1000℃的温度下干燥并固化。
19.一种装置部件,其特征在于它具有在操作状态下暴露于还原和/或渗碳气氛下的金属表面,其特征在于所述表面涂有多孔保护涂层,后者的比表面积为至少20m2/g,优选大于70m2/g,特别优选大于120m2/g。
20.如权利要求19要求的装置部件,其特征在于保护涂层通过如权利要求2-18中任一项要求的方法制备。
21.如权利要求19或权利要求20要求的装置部件,其特征在于它是化学或石油化学装置的部件,特别是用于煤气化或煤液化、生产或加工合成气、生产氨的装置,氢化或脱氢装置或者蒸汽裂化器的部件。
22.如权利要求19-21中任一项要求的装置部件,其特征在于保护涂层具有开孔结构。
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102009012003A DE102009012003A1 (de) | 2009-02-26 | 2009-02-26 | Schutzbeschichtung für metallische Oberflächen und ihre Herstellung |
DE102009012003.3 | 2009-02-26 | ||
PCT/EP2010/051741 WO2010097300A1 (de) | 2009-02-26 | 2010-02-11 | Schutzbeschichtung für metallische oberflächen und ihre herstellung |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CN102333824A true CN102333824A (zh) | 2012-01-25 |
Family
ID=42173545
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CN2010800092357A Pending CN102333824A (zh) | 2009-02-26 | 2010-02-11 | 金属表面保护涂层及其生产方法 |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20110305605A1 (zh) |
EP (1) | EP2401333A1 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN102333824A (zh) |
CA (1) | CA2758112A1 (zh) |
DE (1) | DE102009012003A1 (zh) |
RU (1) | RU2011135460A (zh) |
WO (1) | WO2010097300A1 (zh) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN103992685A (zh) * | 2014-05-30 | 2014-08-20 | 攀钢集团攀枝花钢铁研究院有限公司 | 水性高温保护涂料及其应用以及钛锭的生产方法 |
CN105102114A (zh) * | 2012-10-26 | 2015-11-25 | 法国德西尼布 | 用于金属表面的保护涂层 |
CN108118331A (zh) * | 2016-11-30 | 2018-06-05 | 杭州巨星工具有限公司 | 一种螺丝批头及螺丝批头的制造方法 |
Families Citing this family (14)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
RU2591940C2 (ru) | 2010-11-11 | 2016-07-20 | Басф Се | Способ и устройство для изготовления ацетилена и синтез-газа |
RU2580684C2 (ru) | 2010-11-11 | 2016-04-10 | Басф Се | Способ и устройство для получения ацетилена и синтез-газа |
CN102352142B (zh) * | 2011-04-07 | 2014-04-16 | 世林(漯河)冶金设备有限公司 | 高温纳米防渗碳材料、涂层及其应用 |
CN102898265B (zh) * | 2011-07-29 | 2014-08-06 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 一种烯烃的生产方法 |
CN102899066B (zh) * | 2011-07-29 | 2014-12-03 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 一种裂解炉管及其制备方法和应用 |
DE102012001361A1 (de) * | 2012-01-24 | 2013-07-25 | Linde Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren zum Kaltgasspritzen |
MX2015014279A (es) * | 2013-04-10 | 2016-09-28 | Basf Se | Proceso para la síntesis de ácido cianhídrico a partir de catalizador de formamida. |
US10022709B2 (en) * | 2013-08-06 | 2018-07-17 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | Process for the production of non-sintered transition metal carbide and nitride nanoparticles |
CN105315821A (zh) * | 2014-07-16 | 2016-02-10 | 鞍钢股份有限公司 | 一种防脱碳纳米涂料及其制备方法 |
KR102058865B1 (ko) * | 2018-04-12 | 2019-12-24 | (주)아이엠 | 초가속 열소재를 이용한 발열 디바이스 및 이의 제조방법 |
EP3611289A1 (de) | 2018-08-17 | 2020-02-19 | Flender GmbH | Verfahren zur herstellung von gehärteten werkstücken für getriebekomponente und getriebe |
JP7380966B2 (ja) * | 2018-10-31 | 2023-11-15 | 日本イットリウム株式会社 | コールドスプレー用材料 |
CN109364845A (zh) * | 2018-11-07 | 2019-02-22 | 洛阳申雨钼业有限责任公司 | 二硫化钼在设备防腐上的应用及一种防腐反应釜 |
GB202211765D0 (en) | 2022-08-11 | 2022-09-28 | Johnson Matthey Plc | Method of preventing metal dusting in a gas heated reforming apparatus |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2002018128A1 (en) * | 2000-08-31 | 2002-03-07 | Corning Incorporated | Potassium silicate frits for coating metals |
CN1558963A (zh) * | 2001-09-06 | 2004-12-29 | ITN��ŵ��ʥ����˾ | 适用于烘箱的自清洁陶瓷层和制造自清洁陶瓷层的方法 |
CN101228296A (zh) * | 2005-06-02 | 2008-07-23 | 切弗朗菲利浦化学公司 | 用于保护表面的表面处理方法 |
Family Cites Families (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE1796230A1 (de) * | 1968-09-25 | 1972-03-23 | Mineralchemie Werner & Co | Verfahren zur Herstellung von UEberzuegen aus Metalloxiden und keramischen Stoffen auf Metallen,insbesondere auf Eisen und Stahl,als Schutz gegen chemische Veraenderungen der Oberflaeche durch Einwirken nichtmetallischer Angriffsmittel bei hohen Temperaturen |
US4165243A (en) * | 1978-05-31 | 1979-08-21 | Federal-Mogul Corporation | Method of making selectively carburized forged powder metal parts |
DE19502788C1 (de) | 1995-01-28 | 1996-09-05 | Metallgesellschaft Ag | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Ableiten eines heißen, Kohlenmonoxid enthaltenden Gasgemisches |
DE19613905A1 (de) | 1996-04-06 | 1997-10-09 | Metallgesellschaft Ag | Gegen Metal-Dusting-Korrosion geschützte Metallfläche, die eine thermische Isolierschicht aufweist |
DE10104169A1 (de) | 2001-01-30 | 2002-08-14 | Dechema | Verfahren zur Herstellung korrosionsschützender anorganischer Überzüge unter Verwendung der Methode der Hydrolyse und Polykondensation von Silanen |
DE10116762C1 (de) | 2001-04-04 | 2003-01-23 | Dechema | Korrosionsbeständige Al-Ti-Diffusionsschichten |
US7033673B2 (en) * | 2003-07-25 | 2006-04-25 | Analytical Services & Materials, Inc. | Erosion-resistant silicone coatings for protection of fluid-handling parts |
US7422804B2 (en) | 2004-02-03 | 2008-09-09 | Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company | Metal dusting resistant stable-carbide forming alloy surfaces |
JPWO2005078148A1 (ja) | 2004-02-12 | 2007-10-18 | 住友金属工業株式会社 | 浸炭性ガス雰囲気下で使用するための金属管 |
US8029914B2 (en) | 2005-05-10 | 2011-10-04 | Exxonmobile Research And Engineering Company | High performance coated material with improved metal dusting corrosion resistance |
US7763766B2 (en) * | 2005-12-22 | 2010-07-27 | Uop Llc | Methanol-to-olefins process with reduced coking |
-
2009
- 2009-02-26 DE DE102009012003A patent/DE102009012003A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2010
- 2010-02-11 US US13/203,415 patent/US20110305605A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2010-02-11 WO PCT/EP2010/051741 patent/WO2010097300A1/de active Application Filing
- 2010-02-11 RU RU2011135460/05A patent/RU2011135460A/ru not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2010-02-11 EP EP10704135A patent/EP2401333A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2010-02-11 CN CN2010800092357A patent/CN102333824A/zh active Pending
- 2010-02-11 CA CA2758112A patent/CA2758112A1/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2002018128A1 (en) * | 2000-08-31 | 2002-03-07 | Corning Incorporated | Potassium silicate frits for coating metals |
CN1558963A (zh) * | 2001-09-06 | 2004-12-29 | ITN��ŵ��ʥ����˾ | 适用于烘箱的自清洁陶瓷层和制造自清洁陶瓷层的方法 |
CN101228296A (zh) * | 2005-06-02 | 2008-07-23 | 切弗朗菲利浦化学公司 | 用于保护表面的表面处理方法 |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN105102114A (zh) * | 2012-10-26 | 2015-11-25 | 法国德西尼布 | 用于金属表面的保护涂层 |
US10040951B2 (en) | 2012-10-26 | 2018-08-07 | Technip France | Protective coating for metal surfaces |
CN103992685A (zh) * | 2014-05-30 | 2014-08-20 | 攀钢集团攀枝花钢铁研究院有限公司 | 水性高温保护涂料及其应用以及钛锭的生产方法 |
CN108118331A (zh) * | 2016-11-30 | 2018-06-05 | 杭州巨星工具有限公司 | 一种螺丝批头及螺丝批头的制造方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
RU2011135460A (ru) | 2013-02-27 |
CA2758112A1 (en) | 2010-09-02 |
EP2401333A1 (de) | 2012-01-04 |
DE102009012003A1 (de) | 2010-09-02 |
WO2010097300A1 (de) | 2010-09-02 |
US20110305605A1 (en) | 2011-12-15 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
CN102333824A (zh) | 金属表面保护涂层及其生产方法 | |
CN1980736B (zh) | 包含混合过渡金属氧化物纳米颗粒的溶胶 | |
US4427721A (en) | Method of coating steel substrates to reduce carbonaceous deposition thereon | |
Feng et al. | Facile synthesis silver nanoparticles on different xerogel supports as highly efficient catalysts for the reduction of p-nitrophenol | |
RU2730496C2 (ru) | Содержащие родий катализаторы для обработки автомобильных выхлопов | |
Aghzzaf et al. | Corrosion inhibition of zinc by calcium exchanged beidellite clay mineral: A new smart corrosion inhibitor | |
US7740814B2 (en) | Composite materials and method of its manufacture | |
US20150148220A1 (en) | Process for Elimination of Hexavalent Chromium Compounds on Metallic Substrates within Zero-PGM Catalyst Systems | |
US20120189517A1 (en) | Composition comprising cerium oxide and zirconium oxide having a specific porosity, preparation method thereof and use of same in catalysis | |
Li et al. | In situ fabrication of Ce 1− x La x O 2− δ/palygorskite nanocomposites for efficient catalytic oxidation of CO: effect of La doping | |
Wang et al. | Inhibiting the oxidation of diamond during preparing the vitrified dental grinding tools by depositing a ZnO coating using direct urea precipitation method | |
CN100455514C (zh) | 生产α-矾土微粒的方法 | |
JP4595383B2 (ja) | 微粒αアルミナの製造法 | |
JP4552454B2 (ja) | 微粒αアルミナの製造方法 | |
CN110167670A (zh) | 废气净化催化剂用铜铁矿型氧化物和使用该铜铁矿型氧化物的废气净化催化剂 | |
JP2007136339A (ja) | 触媒用粒子およびその製造方法 | |
JP5116276B2 (ja) | 酸化物微結晶粒子からなる粉体、それを用いた触媒、及びその製造方法 | |
CN111278555B (zh) | 废气净化用组合物 | |
JP4572576B2 (ja) | 微粒αアルミナの製造方法 | |
JP6349157B2 (ja) | ガス燃焼触媒用組成物、触媒層を含む支持体の製造方法、及びガス燃焼触媒 | |
JP4534524B2 (ja) | 微粒αアルミナの製造方法 | |
BARROSO‐BOGEAT et al. | Particle size distribution and morphological changes in activated carbon‐metal oxide hybrid catalysts prepared under different heating conditions | |
CN104428061A (zh) | 光催化剂涂覆材料、物品及光催化剂涂覆材料的制造方法 | |
Kuznetsov et al. | Structural special features in nanodispersed Ni-SiO 2 composite materials produced by method of chemical dispersion | |
Slatineanu et al. | SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION AND CATALYTIC BEHAVIOR OF Mg-Zn FERRITES SUPPORTED ON ALUMINA. |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
C06 | Publication | ||
PB01 | Publication | ||
C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
C02 | Deemed withdrawal of patent application after publication (patent law 2001) | ||
WD01 | Invention patent application deemed withdrawn after publication |
Application publication date: 20120125 |